687 files changed, 11528 insertions, 50714 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index bac3fe3c4b..d3ea78a941 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,492 +1,4 @@
-Wed Jun  3 20:54:23 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_eval): needs to guard intermediate string objects.
-	  based on a patch from Brent Roman <brent AT mbari.org> a
-	  [ruby-core:22584].
-
-Tue May 26 21:24:01 2009  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (update-rubyspec, test-rubyspec): Catch up to
-	  rubyspec merge.  A patch by Brian Ford at [ruby-core:21032]
-
-Tue May 26 21:21:49 2009  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/soap/mimemessage.rb (MIMEMessage#to_s): Fix a fatal
-	  method name typo. [Bug #1173]
-
-Tue May 26 21:16:55 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): fix for spaces before extention.
-	  [ruby-dev:38044]
-
-Tue May 26 21:09:21 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (_CrtDbgReportW): prevent from false positive
-	  assertions in msvcrtd.  [ruby-core:22116]
-
-Tue May 26 21:02:13 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct#new_ostruct_member): checks if frozen.
-	  [ruby-talk:328195], [ruby-core:22142]
-
-Tue May 26 21:00:08 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/ostruct.rb (OpenStruct#inspect): fixed the recursion check.
-	  Patch by Kornelius Kalnbach.  [ruby-core:20992].
-
-	* test/ostruct/test_ostruct.rb: test for inspect.
-	  Patch by Kornelius Kalnbach.  [ruby-core:20992].
-
-Tue May 26 20:50:32 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_thread_schedule): handle EBADF of select as well.
-	  [ruby-core:21264]
-
-Wed Apr  8 18:59:52 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (subtruct): check tv_sec.
-
-Thu Apr  2 16:06:17 2009  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/rss/test_atom.rb (RSS::TestAtomCore::assert_atom_content_inline_other_base64_to_s):
-	  ditto. [ruby-dev:38248]
-
-Thu Apr  2 15:43:46 2009  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rss/rss-assertions.rb (RSS::Assertions::assert_atom_content_inline_other_text):
-	  newlines are valid for Base64 data. [ruby-dev:38248]
-
-Thu Apr  2 14:17:09 2009  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (OpenSSL#test_client_session):
-	  Debian's openssl 0.9.8g-13 failed at assert(ssl.session_reused?),
-	  when use default SSLContext. [ruby-dev:36167]
-	  backported r19268 from trunk. [ruby-core:22843]
-
-Thu Mar 31 18:18:18 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (mkintpath): new function which converts native path
-	  to format acceptable in Makefile.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): leaves PATH_SEPARATOR unchanged.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): convers srcdir, topdir and hdrdir.
-	  a patch by Alexey Borzenkov <snaury AT gmail.com> at
-	  [ruby-core:21448].
-
-Fri Mar 27 19:22:02 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (run_final): frees zombies only.  [ruby-dev:38171]
-
-Fri Mar 27 19:22:02 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit): leave Thread objects
-	  unfinalized.  [ruby-dev:38168]
-
-Fri Mar 27 19:22:02 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (run_final): calls free function.  [ruby-core:22578]
-
-Mon Mar 23 19:17:06 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_queue_pop, rb_queue_push): should not lock
-	  mutex if got an exception while waiting, and should ensure unlocked
-	  after signaled.  [ruby-dev:37545]
-
-Mon Mar 23 18:26:57 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_thread_value): missed to change at r17874.  [ruby-core:17595]
-
-Mon Mar 23 18:26:57 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_thread_join): new API.
-
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (wait_mutex, lock_mutex): wait until the locking
-	  thread exits.  [ruby-dev:34856]
-
-Mon Mar 23 17:41:49 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_load_ok): checks if regular file, except for the
-	  platform disallows to open directories, e.g. dosish.
-	  [ruby-dev:38097], [Bug #1221]
-
-Mon Mar  9 20:59:24 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c (ossl_ocspbres_verify): OCSP_basic_verify
-	  returns positive value on success, not non-zero.  [ruby-core:21762]
-	  backported r22440 from trunk.
-
-Mon Mar  9 10:02:15 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_check): check if MatchData is initialized.
-	  [ruby-core:18749]
-
-Mon Mar  9 09:56:34 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/rexml.rb: incremented Ruby::VERSION.  Thanks, Jeremy
-	  Kemper.  [ruby-core:20113]
-
-Mon Mar  9 09:52:53 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* io.c (io_getpartial): fflush after read for updating pos in FILE.
-	  not portable, I guess.  [ruby-core:21561]
-
-Mon Mar  9 09:04:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (define_final): cannot define finalizer for immediate
-	  values.  [ruby-core:21500]
-
-	* gc.c (define_final): freezes or hides internal values.
-
-Mon Mar  9 08:54:47 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (IS_BEG): EXPR_CLASS should be treated like EXPR_BEG.
-	  [ruby-core:21453]
-
-Wed Feb 25 15:15:52 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* node.h (rb_thread_raised_clear): should not clear flags other than
-	  raised flags.  a patch by Tomoyuki Chikanaga <chikanag AT
-	  nippon-control-system.co.jp> at [ruby-dev:37794].  [ruby-dev:37776]
-
-Wed Feb 25 15:05:48 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/extconf.rb (gai_strerror): checks if available and if
-	  returns const pointer.
-
-	* ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c (gai_strerror): defines only if non
-	  available.  [ruby-core:21328]
-
-Wed Feb 25 14:57:18 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (open_dir_handle): extracted from rb_w32_opendir.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (winnt_stat): gets rid of strange behavior of
-	  GetFileAttributes().  [ruby-core:21269]
-
-Tue Feb 24 02:44:39 2009  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (PercentScanner): remove PercentScanner. fixed % after
-	  %> bug. [ruby-dev:37751] [Bug #997] 
-
-	* test/erb/test_erb.rb: ditto
-
-Tue Feb 24 02:35:29 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_s_create): set nil as the value if assoc length
-	  is not enough.  [ruby-core:21249]
-
-Sun Feb 22 22:08:45 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (stack_extend): streamlined rb_thread_restore_context()
-	  to ensure O(1) time.  based on a patch by Brent Roman <brent AT
-	  mbari.org>.
-
-Sun Feb 22 22:03:40 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (cc_mark): frees the continuation's stack if its thread
-	  is dead to avoid recursive gc that segfaults.  [ruby-core:13889]
-	  a patch by Brent Roman <brent AT mbari.org>.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_cont_check): checks for valid continuation instance.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_callcc): assigns th->thread before scope_dup() to
-	  avoid segfaults if this scope_dup() triggers a gc pass.
-	  a patch by Brent Roman <brent AT mbari.org>.
-
-Sun Feb 22 21:43:34 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (ruby_float_step): extracted from num_step().
-
-	* range.c (range_step): uses ruby_float_step() for float range.
-	  [ruby-dev:37691]
-
-Sun Feb 22 00:49:36 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): does not use both of makefile.rb and
-	  extconf.rb at the same time.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (DLLIB): depends on Makefile.  [ruby-core:21096]
-
-Sun Feb 22 00:19:05 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_thread_schedule): Don't change status of threads which
-	  don't run next even if select notify readability/writability.
-	  [ruby-core:20446]
-
-Fri Feb 20 20:43:13 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::List#summarize): gives priority
-	  to latter switches.  [ruby-dev:36692]
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#summarize): do not append
-	  unnecessary line terminator.
-
-Fri Feb 20 19:35:08 2009  Takeyuki FUJIOKA  <xibbar@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi/session.rb: ignore session_id options fixed.[Bug #605]
-
-Fri Feb 20 18:06:40 2009  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	Merged 20854 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/server.rb:  Restricting method inspection to show only
-	  non-inherited public methods.  [ruby-core:20603]
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/server.rb:  Fixing method inspection so it doesn't 
-	  trigger XMLRPC::FaultException when used.  [ruby-core:20604]
-
-Fri Feb 20 01:41:08 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m#sync_try_lock): wrong variable name fixed.
-	  a patch from [ruby-core:20561]
-
-	* lib/sync.rb (Sync_m::Err.Fail): turn off Thread.critical before
-	  exit.
-
-Thu Feb 19 18:02:10 2009  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): fixed odd act of 'm*', 'M*', and 'P*'.
-	  just ignores '*' in these cases.
-	  [ruby-dev:37289]
-
-Thu Feb 19 17:26:11 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): fixed length for odd length string.
-	  [ruby-dev:37283]
-
-Thu Feb 19 17:13:13 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): Qundef means no argument.  [ruby-Bugs-22525]
-
-Wed Feb 18 22:28:00 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_isatty): check whether fd is valid.
-
-Wed Feb 18 22:24:23 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (waitpid): fix bug of checking child slot.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (FindChildSlotByHandle): new.
-
-Wed Feb 18 22:17:04 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_pack): propagate taint status from format string to
-	  result string.
-
-Wed Feb 18 22:07:44 2009  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c: do not set members of RSTRING(str) directly.
-	  [ruby-dev:37182]
-
-	* ext/gdbm/gdbm.c (rb_gdbm_nextkey): fix memory leak.
-
-Tue Feb 17 11:58:58 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (str_independent): no independent string points null_str.
-	  [ruby-core:20082]
-
-Mon Feb 16 23:30:24 2009  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/vector.rb: 
-	  fix NameError bug.
-
-Mon Feb 16 23:08:22 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_s_alloc, rb_str_replace): use null_str as well as
-	  rb_string_value so that extension libraries do not segfault.
-	  [ruby-core:19971]
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_replace): reduced unnecessary malloc and copy.
-
-Mon Feb 16 22:45:41 2009  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: fixed fails occasionally [ruby-dev:37119].
-	  thanks, shinichiro.h.
-
-Mon Feb 16 22:36:37 2009  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb (DRbConn::alive?): fixed NoMethodError problem
-	  from NaHi [ruby-dev:37110].
-
-Sun Feb 15 04:21:42 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net::FTP#open_socket): SOCKSsocket is obsolete.
-	  a patch from Alan Johnson <alan.wayne.johnson at gmail.com> in 
-	  [ruby-core:19982].
-
-Fri Feb 13 19:18:42 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/logger.rb (ProgName): fixed for svn, based on a patch from
-	  Nobuhiro IMAI at [ruby-dev:37108].
-
-Sun Feb 15 04:17:40 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest#read_request_line):
-	  use non-greedy match for path retrieval to avoid huge recursion
-	  for insanely long path.
-
-Fri Feb 13 19:04:54 2009  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* shell/command-processor.rb: undefined method `top_level_test' in
-  	  Shell#test. [ruby-list:45634]
-
-Tue Feb 10 20:00:52 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (load_lock): makes circular require deadlock.
-	  [ruby-core:19821]
-
-Tue Feb 10 19:40:58 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_feature_p): returns found feature name if loading.
-	  [ruby-core:19798]
-
-	* eval.c (search_required): ditto.
-
-Wed Feb 11 23:37:35 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (VpMidRound): Round method bug
-	  pointed by Ryan Platte fixed(Patch to the patch from "NATORI
-	  Shin").  [ruby-talk:273360]
-	  back ported from 1.9. fix [ruby-core:19791]
-
-Mon Feb  9 17:35:38 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_accept): secure fd before accept because if
-	  error causes in securing, cannot restore the state of accepted
-	  socket.
-	  fixed [ruby-core:19728]
-
-Mon Feb  9 13:42:15 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (ifs_open_socket): should retry without proto_buffer
-	  if cannot find the suitable protocol. a patch from Heesob Park.
-	  fixed [ruby-core:19713]
-
-Mon Feb  9 13:40:21 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_ungetc): should allow ungetc at
-	  the top of the buffer.  ref #701
-
-Thu Feb  5 09:38:48 2009  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c (h_conv): can't guess UTF-8 input in
-	  conversion. [ruby-list:45609]
-
-Thu Feb  5 09:03:21 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/entity.rb (unnormalized): do not call
-	  document.record_entity_expansion if document is nil.
-	  see <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=502535>.
-	  Thanks, Naohisa Goto.  backported from trunk.
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Feb  5 08:55:24 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_join): do not repeat self in a recursive array.
-	  [ruby-dev:37019]
-
-Wed Feb  4 14:26:58 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_globs): need taint check.  reported by steve
-	  <oksteev at gmail.com>
-
-Tue Feb  3 14:35:26 2009  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/net/pop.rb: check for invalid APOP timestamp. (CVE-2007-1558)
-	  [ruby-dev:36631]
-
-	* test/net/pop/test_pop.rb: ditto.
-
-Mon Feb  2 20:03:58 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c (time_mdump, time_mload): preserves GMT status.
-	  [ruby-core:19252]
-
-Mon Feb  2 11:34:51 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* variable.c (autoload_delete, autoload_file): should not delete
-	  autoload table, since it may be shared with duplicated modules.
-	  [ruby-core:19181]
-
-Thu Jan 29 11:54:22 2009  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb (today,now): should produce own instances.
-	  [ruby-talk:317020]
-
-Wed Jan 28 22:51:55 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_mod_modfunc): method undefined in included module
-	  may not have nd_body.  [ruby-core:18738]
-
-Wed Jan 28 20:53:27 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (marshal_dump): fixed for check_dump_arg.
-
-Tue Jan 27 17:30:11 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (marshal_dump): initializes dump_arg before any funcall.
-	  [ruby-dev:36648]
-
-Tue Jan 27 15:17:35 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (host_str): numeric address should be unsigned.
-	  [ruby-core:18971]
-
-Mon Jan 26 11:12:03 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb: setup buffer with nul characters instead of spaces.
-	  fixed [ruby-dev:36493]
-
-Sun Jan 25 00:07:23 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/formatters/pretty.rb (REXML::Formatters::Pretty#wrap):
-	  abandon wrapping if the line contains no space.  [ruby-dev:36045]
-	  fix: #342
-
-Sun Jan 25 00:02:23 2009  Yuki Sonoda (Yugui)  <yugui@yugui.jp>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb (Vector#eql?): typo of the method name as "eqn?".
-	  (Vector#eqn?): removed. Defined by mistake.
-	  Fixes [ruby-dev:36294]. Reported by weda <weda AT
-	  issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp> and an anonymous user.
-
-	* test/matrix/test_matrix.rb: added.
-
-	* test/matrix/test_vector.rb: added.
-
-Fri Jan 23 11:49:45 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* NEWS: added an entry for REXML.
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: fixed typo.
-
-Fri Jan 23 11:49:45 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/document.rb: limit entity expansion.  Thanks, Luka
-	  Treiber, Mitja Kolsek, and Michael Koziarski.  backported from
-	  trunk r19033, r19317, r19318.
-
-	* lib/rexml/entity.rb: ditto.
-
-	* test/rexml/test_document.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Jan 22 15:19:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (marshal_load): arg.data is no longer a VALUE but a
-	  st_table, and freed in load_ensure.  pointed out by pegacorn.
-	  [ruby-dev:37008]
-
-Thu Jan 22 15:19:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* gc.c (rb_mark_set): new function to mark keys.
-
-	* marshal.c (struct dump_arg, struct load_arg): added wrappers to mark
-	  data entries.  backport from trunk r13527,r13528,r13961,r16533.
-	  [ruby-dev:36082]
-
-Wed Jan 21 11:12:55 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan 21 10:56:20 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (filetime_to_timeval): new function, split from
 	  gettimeofday().
@@ -495,38 +7,42 @@ Wed Jan 21 11:12:55 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (filetime_to_unixtime): ditto. [ruby-dev:36135]
 
-Wed Jan 21 11:12:55 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan 21 10:56:20 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (gettimeofday): tv_usec is usec, not msec.
 	  [ruby-dev:36094]
 
-Wed Jan 21 11:12:55 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan 21 10:56:20 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (gettimeofday): calc tv_sec and tv_usec from system
 	  time by myself. [ruby-dev:36084]
 
-Wed Jan 21 11:12:55 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan 21 10:56:20 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (gettimeofday): shouldn't use mktime(2) because it's
 	  buggy about handling summer time.
 	  reported by Yoshikawa <yoshixool AT gmail.com> at [ruby-dev:36071]
 
-Tue Jan 20 12:23:38 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jan 20 12:22:12 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/scanf.rb (Scanf::FormatSpecifier#initialize): %i should accept
 	  single digit decimal.  [ruby-core:18355]
 
-Mon Jan 19 18:25:28 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Mon Jan 19 18:24:13 2009  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* configure.in (rb_cv_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc): renamed from
 	  rb_broken_glibc_ia64_erfc.
 	  [ruby-core:18228]
 
-Sat Jan 17 12:16:10 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Jan 17 12:13:10 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* random.c (Init_Random): always initialize seed.
 
-Fri Jan 16 10:59:31 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Jan 17 12:11:06 2009  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* marshal.c (dump_ensure, load_ensure): should return values.
+
+Fri Jan 16 10:55:51 2009  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* class.c (clone_method): should copy cbase in cref as well.
 	  [ruby-dev:35116]
@@ -539,18 +55,18 @@ Thu Jan 15 14:34:32 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* gc.c (STACK_LEVEL_MAX, ruby_stack_length): returns size_t.
 	  [ruby-core:18207]
-Wed Jan 14 10:39:56 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan 14 10:32:13 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* stable/ext/socket/socket.c (NI_MAXHOST, NI_MAXSERV): fixed invalid
 	  preprocessor directives.  a patch from Peter Bowen at
 	  [ruby-core:18211].
 
-Tue Jan 13 04:40:30 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jan 13 04:39:30 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/ftp.rb (login): raise FTPReplyError if passwd or acct
 	  is not supplied.  backported from trunk.  fixed [ruby-core:18058].
 
-Mon Jan 12 00:23:37 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jan 12 00:21:49 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* gc.c (gc_sweep, obj_free, run_final): defer finalizers of IO and
 	  Data.  [ruby-dev:35578]
@@ -558,34 +74,34 @@ Mon Jan 12 00:23:37 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* gc.c (rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit): self-referencing finalizers
 	  cannot be invoked.  [ruby-dev:35681]
 
-Sun Jan 11 11:33:27 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jan 11 11:31:52 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/ftp.rb (chdir): handle 5xx errors correctly.
 	  backported from trunk.  fixed [ruby-core:18057].
 
-Fri Jan  9 19:25:25 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jan  9 19:22:24 2009  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/imap.rb (disconnect): do not refer SSL::SSLSocket for
 	  environments without OpenSSL.  backported from trunk.
 	  fixed [ruby-dev:35755].
 
-Thu Jan  8 13:24:23 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jan  8 13:20:15 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (deferred_nodes, compstmt, arg, fixup_nodes, range_op): fix
 	  up fixnum range literal in conditional as automagical line number
 	  comparison.  [ruby-core:12124], [ruby-dev:35731]
 
-Wed Jan  7 10:09:46 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jan  7 10:06:12 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (timeofday): use monotonic clock.  based on a patch
 	  from zimbatm <zimbatm@oree.ch> in [ruby-core:16627].
 
-Tue Jan  6 09:03:35 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jan  6 09:02:14 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yylex): 8 and 9 in octal integer should cause compile
 	  error.  [ruby-dev:35729]
 
-Mon Jan  5 11:14:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jan  5 11:12:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_thread_schedule): runs deferred finalizers.
 
@@ -594,34 +110,29 @@ Mon Jan  5 11:14:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* rubysig.h (CHECK_INTS): now checks rb_thread_pending even on
 	  platforms where setitimer is not available.  [ruby-core:18045]
 
-Mon Jan  5 11:14:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jan  5 11:12:39 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* rubysig.h (CHECK_INTS): gives the chance to perform to deferred
 	  finalizers before explicit GC.start or the process termination.
 	  [ruby-core:18045]
 
-Sun Jan  4 04:49:01 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jan  4 04:47:57 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_telldir): just returns loc.
 
 	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_rewinddir): needs to intialize loc.
 	  [ruby-core:18041]
 
-Sun Jan  4 04:45:26 2009  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): recalc the rest of timeout for each
-	  iterations.  [ruby-core:18015]
+Thu Jan  1 08:39:36 2009  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
 
-Fri Jan  2 03:08:47 2009  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* test/rss/: use PNG instead of zlib as binary data. [ruby-dev:35666]
-
-Tue Nov 11 01:07:32 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+	* lib/date.rb (Date::Infinity#<=>): didn't work.  A patch from
+	  Dirkjan Bussink <d.bussink AT gmail.com> [ruby-core:15098].
+	  This is a bug obviously.  However it didn't affect the library's
+	  functions.
 
-	* configure.in: fix SEGV on Mac OS X 10.5.3 with --enable-pthread.
-	  a patch from Wataru Kimura in Bug #193 [ruby-core:17333].
+	* lib/date.rb, lib/date/format.rb: some trivial changes.
 
-Mon Aug 11 09:37:17 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug 11 09:34:52 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_str_to_ptr): should propagate taint to dlptr.
 
@@ -638,94 +149,95 @@ Fri Aug  8 10:53:52 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 	* lib/resolv-replace.rb (UDPSocket#bind): don't resolv host if host is
 	  "".
 
-Mon Aug  4 14:49:35 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 14:15:58 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP::rcptto): fix a typo. a patch from
-	  Masao Takaku <masao at nii.ac.jp>
-	  fix [ruby-dev:35489].
+	* lib/webrick/httputils.rb (WEBrick::HTTPUtils#split_header_value):
+	  reduce backtrack.  based on a fix by Christian Neukirchen
+	  <chneukirchen AT gmail.com>.
 
-Mon Aug  4 14:13:15 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 14:10:01 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* regex.c (xmalloc, xrealloc, xfree): not to use ruby managed memory.
 
 	* regex.c (DOUBLE_STACK, re_compile_fastmap0, re_adjust_startpos),
 	  (re_search, re_match_exec): check if failed to allocate memory.
 
-Mon Aug  4 13:53:42 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 13:49:36 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_big2str0, bigsqr): made interruptible.  [ruby-Bugs-20622]
 
-Mon Aug  4 13:31:41 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 13:39:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h (d2i_of_void): define for older
+	  versions.  [ruby-dev:35637]
+
+Mon Aug  4 12:25:08 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (check_uint, rb_num2uint, rb_fix2uint): fixed wrong check
 	  about 64bit positive value.
-Mon Aug  4 13:31:41 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 12:25:08 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (check_uint, rb_num2uint, rb_fix2uint): strict check.
 	  fixed [ruby-dev:33683]
 
-Thu Jul 17 21:42:07 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Aug  4 12:11:29 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+
+	* gc.c (Init_GC): fix syntax error.
+
+Mon Aug  4 12:11:29 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_exc_new3): keeps the given string itself.
+
+	* eval.c (Init_Proc), gc.c (Init_GC): freeze messages of preallocated
+	  special exceptions also.
+
+Thu Jul 17 21:37:39 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP::start): revert to avoid RFC2821
 	  violation. [ruby-dev:35487]
 
-Thu Jul 17 21:32:49 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Thu Jul 17 21:31:46 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* string.c (rb_str_format_m): make tmp volatile to avoid possible GC
 	  problem.
 
-Thu Jul 17 21:30:55 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jul 17 21:29:34 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser#environment): requires shellwords.
 	  [ruby-dev:35466]
 
-Thu Jul 17 02:05:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb (XMLRPC::Client#do_rpc): requires
-	  webrick/cookie.  [ ruby-Bugs-21139 ]
-
-Thu Jul 17 01:38:31 2008  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
+Thu Jul 17 01:36:02 2008  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_gzfile_set_mtime): fix typo.  [ruby-core:17713]
 
-Sun Jul 13 00:08:16 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jul 13 00:07:07 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/ipaddr.rb (IPAddr#initialize): get rid of ArgumentError in
 	  IPAddr#to_range.  a patch from okkez <okkez000 AT gmail.com> in
 	  [ruby-dev:35091].
 
-Sun Jul 13 00:04:38 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jul 13 00:02:26 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* configure.in (erfc): erfc of glibc comes with Debian GNU/Linux Etch
 	  on IA64 is broken.  erfc(10000.0) aborts.
 	  use missing/erf.c instead.
 	  http://sources.redhat.com/ml/libc-hacker/2005-08/msg00008.html
 
-Thu Jul 10 18:50:48 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* common.mk (SPEC_GIT_BASE): update RubySpec GIT URL.
-
-Thu Jul 10 18:46:28 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jul 10 18:44:01 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): fix for file name with spaces.
 	  [ruby-talk:307404]
 
-Thu Jul 10 18:42:37 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (PercentScanner#scan): fix %% line bug. [ruby-core:17491]
-
-	* test/erb/test_erb.rb (test_percent): ditto.
-
-Thu Jul 10 18:40:22 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jul 10 18:39:17 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net::FTP#sendport): use divmod.  [ruby-core:17557]
 
-Thu Jul 10 18:36:53 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+Thu Jul 10 18:35:07 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
 
 	* ruby.c: Mac OS X needs origargc times of '\0' in
 	  origargv. [ruby-dev:35308]
 
-Thu Jul 10 13:53:08 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Thu Jul 10 13:51:03 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* include/ruby/ruby.h (POSFIXABLE): use FIXNUM_MAX+1 instead of
 	  FIXNUM_MAX to make it possible to convert to double accurately.
@@ -733,35 +245,14 @@ Thu Jul 10 13:53:08 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 	  fix RubyForge bug #14102.
 	  backported from 1.9.
 
-Mon Jul  7 16:21:38 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jul  7 16:14:05 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP::start): use 'localhost' instead of
 	  'localhost.localdomain'.  [ruby-dev:35333]
 
 	* lib/net/smtp.rb (Net::SMTP::SMTP.start): ditto.
 
-Mon Jul  7 15:02:13 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_longjmp): duplicate the thrown exception to set backtrace
-	  if it was frozen.  clear all raised flags.
-
-	* eval.c (stack_check): leave clearing flag to rb_longjmp.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_thread_set_raised, rb_thread_reset_raised): use generic
-	  flags.
-
-	* eval.c (Init_Proc), gc.c (Init_GC): freeze preallocated special exceptions.
-
-	* gc.c (rb_memerror): use thread raised flag instead of static flag,
-	  and raise nomem_error without backtrace if failed to make backtrace.
-	  [ruby-dev:34724]
-
-	* gc.c (ruby_xmalloc): increase malloc_increase only if malloc
-	  succeeds.  failed malloc size can be huge.  it may increase
-	  malloc_limit too big which cause less GC and memory full.
-	  (ruby_xrealloc): ditto.
-
-Mon Jul  7 12:23:05 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Mon Jul  7 12:07:28 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: avoid creating Ruby object during
 	  GC. thanks to arton <artonx AT yahoo.co.jp>. [ruby-dev:35313]
@@ -772,34 +263,29 @@ Mon Jul  7 12:23:05 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 	* ext/win32ole/tests/testWIN32OLE.rb(test_convert_bignum):
 	  fix test.
 
-Mon Jul  7 12:23:05 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Mon Jul  7 12:07:28 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
 	* gc.c: add rb_during_gc(). based on a patch from arton <artonx AT
 	  yahoo.co.jp> at [ruby-dev:35313].   
 
 	* intern.h: ditto.
 
-Thu Jul  3 20:13:20 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jul  3 17:15:04 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump, r_object0, marshal_load): search
-	  public methods only.  [ruby-core:17283]
-
-	* object.c (convert_type): ditto.
-
-	* lib/singleton.rb (Singleton#_dump): conversion method should be
-	  public.
+	* win32/win32.c: revert r17290, requested by NAKAMURA Usaku
+	  <usa at ruby-lang.org>
 
-Wed Jul  2 19:06:43 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jul  2 19:05:35 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/cgi.rb (CGI::QueryExtension.read_multipart): blanks inside
 	  double quotes are allowed.  [ruby-list:45140]
 
-Wed Jul  2 19:03:37 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Wed Jul  2 19:01:13 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (num_coerce): call rb_Float(x) first.  don't depend on
 	  evaluation order of function arguments.
 
-Wed Jul  2 18:57:19 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jul  2 18:55:50 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/syslog/syslog.c (syslog_write): syslog operations should be
 	  protected from $SAFE level 4.  a patch from Keita Yamaguchi
@@ -809,62 +295,67 @@ Wed Jul  2 18:57:19 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/syslog/syslog.c (mSyslog_set_mask): ditto.
 
-Wed Jul  2 18:26:20 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Wed Jul  2 18:25:17 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* math.c (domain_check): fix preprocess condition.
 
-Wed Jul  2 18:22:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jul  2 18:19:45 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/tmpdir.rb (@@systmpdir): prior LOCAL_APPDATA if possible, and
 	  should be clean.  based on a patch from arton <artonx AT
 	  yahoo.co.jp> at [ruby-dev:35269]
 
-Wed Jul  2 18:16:19 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Wed Jul  2 18:13:30 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (date2time_str): fix the overflow in
 	  some situation. [ruby-bugs-20793]
 
-Tue Jul  1 15:11:14 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jul  2 17:38:01 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_iconv): fixed backport miss.
+	  [ruby-core:17115]
+
+Tue Jul  1 15:09:37 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): check if beg is too big.
 
-Mon Jun 30 20:35:32 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jun 30 20:34:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* string.c (str_buf_cat): check for self concatenation.
 
-Sun Jun 29 21:39:54 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun 29 21:38:52 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_obj_respond_to): use RTEST to test the result of
 	  respond_to? method.
 
-Sun Jun 29 21:20:17 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 20:40:57 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): (compatibility) do not raise
 	  ArgumentError on negative length.  This behaviour shall change
 	  in a future release.
 
-Sun Jun 29 20:08:11 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun 29 20:06:45 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* time.c (time_timeval): fix rounding negative float.
 
-Sun Jun 29 19:19:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 18:35:23 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* test/inlinetest.rb (InlineTest.in_progname): workaround for frozen
 	  $0.  [ruby-dev:35261]
 
 	* lib/test/unit/ui/console/testrunner.rb (TestRunner#finished): ditto.
 
-Sun Jun 29 19:19:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 18:35:23 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ruby.c (set_arg0, ruby_prog_init): freeze $0.  a patch from Keita
 	  Yamaguchi <keita.yamaguchi at gmail.com>.
 
-Sun Jun 29 18:33:33 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun 29 18:32:19 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* process.c: include sys/resource.h if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H is defined.
 	  pointed by TOYOFUKU Chikanobu.  [ruby-dev:35258]
 
-Sun Jun 29 18:26:01 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 18:25:03 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* variable.c (rb_f_trace_var): should not be allowed at safe level 4.  
 	  a patch from Keita Yamaguchi <keita.yamaguchi at gmail.com>.
@@ -872,95 +363,48 @@ Sun Jun 29 18:26:01 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	* eval.c (rb_call0): wrong condition to check insecure method.
 	  a patch from Keita Yamaguchi <keita.yamaguchi at gmail.com>.
 
-Sun Jun 29 18:22:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 18:24:13 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): not depend on unspecified behavior at integer
 	  overflow.  reported by Vincenzo Iozzo <snagg AT openssl.it>.
 
-Sun Jun 29 18:22:06 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Sun Jun 29 18:21:23 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c(ole_invoke): fix memory leak.
 	  [ruby-bugs-20792]
 
-Sun Jun 29 18:19:11 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 29 17:34:11 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* eval.c (PUSH_FRAME, PUSH_CLASS): Add volatile to avoid a
 	  possible optimization bug on OS X/PPC.  This at least makes
 	  build with gcc -O1 and `make test' pass.
 
-Sun Jun 29 17:24:43 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 17:23:51 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/rdoc/parsers/parse_rb.rb (RDoc#collect_first_comment): skip
 	  magic comment.
 
-Sun Jun 29 17:22:09 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 17:21:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each, strio_readlines): IO#each and
 	  IO#readlines do not affect $_.  [ruby-core:17277]
 
-Sun Jun 29 17:19:59 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 17:18:45 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_readline, strio_each)
 	  (strio_readlines): set lastline.  [ruby-core:17257]
 
-Sun Jun 29 17:15:49 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 29 17:10:30 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl.h: include winsock.h if USE_WINSOCK2 is not defined.
 	  a patch from arton <artonx at yahoo.co.jp> in [ruby-dev:35078]
 
-Sun Jun 29 17:09:48 2008  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
+Sun Jun 29 17:07:30 2008  wanabe  <s.wanabe@gmail.com>
 
 	* util.c (ruby_strtod): ruby_strtod don't allow a trailing
 	  decimal point like "7.". [ruby-dev:34835] [ruby-dev:35009]
 
-Sat Jun 28 19:23:40 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (clone_method): use rb_copy_node_scope.
-	  fixed [ruby-list:45102]
-	  fixed [ruby-core:17393]
-
-Sat Jun 28 18:49:50 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c: revert to r15855.
-
-Fri Jun 20 18:25:18 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_buf_append): should infect.
-
-Fri Jun 20 16:33:09 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_store, rb_ary_splice): not depend on unspecified
-	  behavior at integer overflow.
-
-	* string.c (str_buf_cat): ditto.
-
-Wed Jun 18 22:24:46 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (ary_new, rb_ary_initialize, rb_ary_store,
-	  rb_ary_aplice, rb_ary_times): integer overflows should be
-	  checked. based on patches from Drew Yao <ayao at apple.com>
-	  fixed CVE-2008-2726
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_buf_append): fixed unsafe use of alloca,
-	  which led memory corruption. based on a patch from Drew Yao
-	  <ayao at apple.com> fixed CVE-2008-2726
-
-	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): backported from trunk.
-
-	* intern.h: ditto.
-
-Tue Jun 17 15:09:46 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): no need to expand root path which has no
-	  short file name.  [ruby-dev:35095]
-
-Sun Jun 15 19:27:40 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* configure.in: Fix $LOAD_PATH.  Properly expand vendor_ruby
-	  directories; submitted by Takahiro Kambe <taca at
-	  back-street.net> in [ruby-dev:35099].
-
-Mon Jun  9 17:56:30 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 29 16:56:57 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/set.rb (Set#delete_if): Call to_a.
 	  (SortedSet#delete_if, TC_SortedSet#test_sortedset): Use super to
@@ -970,552 +414,180 @@ Mon Jun  9 17:56:30 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 	  (TC_SortedSet#test_sortedset): Return self; [ruby-dev:35002] by
 	  Arthur Schreiber.
 
-Mon Jun  9 03:28:05 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_deflate_initialize, Init_zlib): Fix up
-	  initialize_copy; [ruby-list:45016], [ruby-list:45018].
-
-Mon Jun  9 03:26:03 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+Sun Jun 29 16:49:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* NEWS: Mention new constants.
+	* eval.c (search_method, remove_method, error_print, rb_alias)
+	  (rb_eval, rb_rescue2, search_required, Init_eval, rb_thread_create),
+	  gc.c (rb_source_filename, Init_stack), io.c (rb_io_getline),
+	  parse.y (rb_id2name, rb_parser_free): suppress warnings.
 
-Mon Jun  9 03:24:18 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sat Jun 28 19:26:43 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* hash.c (hash_i): make Hash#hash order insensitive.
+	* class.c (clone_method): use rb_copy_node_scope.
+	  fixed [ruby-list:45102]
+	  fixed [ruby-core:17393]
 
-Mon Jun  9 03:22:43 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Jun 28 19:25:56 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* configure.in (VENDOR_DIR): use LIBDIR instead of PREFIX as well as
-	  SITE_DIR.  a patch from Richard Brown <rbrown AT exherbo.org> in
-	  [ruby-core:17129].
+	* eval.c (rb_copy_node_scope), node.h: Rename from copy_node_scope
+	  and export.
 
-Mon Jun  9 03:21:20 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Fri Jun 27 17:38:21 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* gc.c (os_obj_of): assure to not free the scanning heap.
+	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (rb_deflate_initialize, Init_zlib): Fix up
+	  initialize_copy; [ruby-list:45016], [ruby-list:45018].
 
-Mon Jun  9 03:20:12 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 27 17:28:39 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (rb_open_file, rb_io_s_sysopen): fmode should be unsigned int.
 	  fixed [ruby-dev:34979]
 
-Fri Jun  6 21:16:55 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (COMMON_HEADERS): include ws2tcpip.h.
-
-	* ext/socket/addrinfo.h (addrinfo, getaddrinfo, getnameinfo,
-	  freehostent, freeaddrinfo): undef before define because these are
-	  macros in some versions of Windows SDK.
-
-	* win32/setup.mak: maybe commit miss.
-
-Fri Jun  6 19:34:22 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* mkconfig.rb: hide build path from rbconfig.rb.
-
-	* util.c (ruby_strtod, dtoa): initialize more variables for error
-	  handling.
-
-	* io.c (rscheck), marshal.c (w_nbyte, w_bytes, w_unique),
-	  (path2class, path2module): constified.
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack), process.c (rb_syswait): suppress warnings.
-
-	* suppress warnings on cygwin, mingw and mswin.
-
-Fri Jun  6 19:23:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): fix for non-existent files and SFN of
-	  symlinks.  [ruby-talk:303736]
-
-Fri Jun  6 18:25:43 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/iconv: Tests fixed.
-
-Fri Jun  6 17:04:56 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Fri Jun 27 17:20:40 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.h: include ws2tcpip.h. fixed [ruby-Bugs-20528]
 
-	* lib/time.rb (Time.xmlschema): don't use float.  fix
-	  http://rubyforge.org/tracker/index.php?func=detail&group_id=426&atid=1698&aid=20504
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_alloc): RDoc updated.  a patch from Gaston
-	  Ramos <ramos.gaston at gmail.com> in [ruby-core:17073].
-
-	* lib/rdoc.rb: massive spelling correction patch from Evan Farrar
-	  <evanfarrar at gmail.com> in [ruby-doc:1382] applied.
+Fri Jun 27 15:57:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c (ossl_ssl_session_initialize):
-	  Add a null check for ssl; submitted by akira yamada
-	  in [ruby-dev:34950].
+	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_iconv): fixed backport miss.
+	  [ruby-core:17115]
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): Define OP_NO_TICKET if
-	  SSL_OP_NO_TICKET is present; submitted by akira yamada
-	  in [ruby-dev:34944].
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb (OpenSSL#test_server_session): Add a
-	  workaround for the case where OpenSSL is configured with
-	  --enable-tlsext; submitted by akira yamada in [ruby-dev:34944].
-
-Fri Jun  6 16:58:23 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 27 15:57:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_iconv): fix for length argument and now
-	  allows range.  [ruby-core:17092] [ruby-core:17115]
-
-Wed Jun  4 17:22:30 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Fix typos and move misplaced entries.
-	  NEWS: Somehow optflags and warnflags were not actually included
-	  in this release.
-
-Tue Jun  3 19:33:22 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_init_copy): Take care of
-	  initialize_copy as well as initialize.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_enumerator.rb: Pull in the test suite for
-	  enumerator from trunk.
+	  allows range.  [ruby-core:17092]
 
-Tue Jun  3 12:51:57 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Jun 24 15:38:52 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_allocate, enumerator_ptr): Properly
-	  detect if the object is initialized and raise error when
-	  appropriate.
-	  (enumerator_initialize): Fix a typo in rdoc. [ruby-core:17052]
+	* lib/erb.rb (ERB::Compiler::TrimScanner#explicit_trim_line): Fix 
+	  without strscan problems. [ruby_core:17028].
 
-Tue Jun  3 10:16:40 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* test/erb/test_erb.rb (TestERBCoreWOStrScan): Add test class for 
+	  without strscan.
 
-	* lib/erb.rb (ERB::Compiler::TrimScanner#scan_line): Fix a bug
-	  where tokens are not yilelded one by one.
-	  (ERB::Compiler::TrimScanner#explicit_trim_line): Fix without-
-	  strscan problems. [ruby_core:17028].
-
-	* test/erb/test_erb.rb (TestERBCore#_test_01)
-	  (TestERBCore#test_02_safe_04): The expected value should come
-	  first for assert_equal().
-	  (TestERBCoreWOStrScan): Add test class for without-strscan.
-
-Mon Jun  2 19:47:16 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 22 00:09:20 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/delegate.rb (DelegateClass, Delegator#respond_to?):
-	  respond_to? must take optional second argument.  This was a
-	  latent bug exposed by a recent internal change of marshal.c to
-	  call respond_to? with a second argument; submitted by Jeremy
-	  Kemper <jeremy at bitsweat.net> in [ruby-core:17045].
-
-Sat May 31 23:53:35 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	  respond_to? should now take optional second argument; submitted
+	  by Jeremy Kemper <jeremy at bitsweat.net> in [ruby-core:17045].
 
-	* .: Release as Ruby 1.8.7.
+Fri Jun 20 18:24:18 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sat May 31 23:33:34 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* string.c (rb_str_buf_append): should infect.
 
-	* README, README.ja: Add a note about default C flags.
+Fri Jun 20 15:52:30 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sat May 31 22:11:15 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+	* array.c (rb_ary_store, rb_ary_splice): not depend on unspecified
+	  behavior at integer overflow.
 
-	* version.c (ruby_description, ruby_copyright): backported from
-	  1.9. bug#19002, [ruby-dev:34883]
+	* string.c (str_buf_cat): ditto.
 
-	* error.c (report_bug): uses ruby_description.
+Wed Jun 18 22:25:10 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sat May 31 20:56:04 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* array.c (ary_new, rb_ary_initialize, rb_ary_store,
+	  rb_ary_aplice, rb_ary_times): integer overflows should be
+	  checked. based on patches from Drew Yao <ayao at apple.com>
+	  fixed CVE-2008-2726
 
-	* array.c (rb_ary_delete_if): should return enumerator if no block
-	  is given.  [ruby-dev:34901]
+	* string.c (rb_str_buf_append): fixed unsafe use of alloca,
+	  which led memory corruption. based on a patch from Drew Yao
+	  <ayao at apple.com> fixed CVE-2008-2726
 
-Sat May 31 18:28:17 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* sprintf.c (rb_str_format): backported from trunk.
 
-	* suppress warnings with -Wwrite-string.
+	* intern.h: ditto.
 
-Sat May 31 15:58:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 20 01:40:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* Makefile.in, configure.in (warnflags): defaulted to -Wall
-	  -Wno-parentheses with gcc.  [ruby-dev:34810]
+	* array.c (rb_ary_equal, rb_ary_eql, rb_ary_hash, rb_ary_cmp):
+	  Make Array#eql?, #hash, #== and #<=> use rb_protect_inspect() and
+	  handle recursive data properly.  [ruby-dev:35181]
 
-Fri May 30 05:28:18 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jun 18 15:20:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* enum.c (count_i, count_iter_i, count_all_i): add prototypes for VC.
+	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump, r_object0, marshal_load): search
+	  public methods only.  [ruby-core:17283]
 
-Fri May 30 04:32:07 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* object.c (convert_type): ditto.
 
-	* enum.c (count_i, count_iter_i): Sync with trunk.
-	  enum.c (enum_count, count_all_i, Init_Enumerable),
-	  array.c (rb_ary_count): Sync with trunk.  If no argument or
-	  block is given, count the number of all elements.
+	* lib/singleton.rb (Singleton#_dump): conversion method should be
+	  public.
 
-Fri May 30 03:12:18 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Wed Jun 18 13:19:55 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_rand, ossl_bn_s_pseudo_rand):
-	  Int should be enough here.
+	* file.c: fixes to compile on mswin32.  Patch from U. Nakamura
+	  <usa at garbagecollect.jp>. [ruby-dev:35127]
 
-Fri May 30 02:35:00 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Jun 17 22:16:44 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c (ossl_bn_s_rand, ossl_bn_s_pseudo_rand),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c (ossl_dh_s_generate)
-	  (ossl_dh_initialize),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c (ossl_dsa_s_generate),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c (ossl_rand_bytes)
-	  (ossl_rand_pseudo_bytes, ossl_rand_egd_bytes),
-	  ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c (ossl_x509stctx_set_error): Do not
-	  use FIX2INT() without checking the value type.  Use NUM2INT()
-	  instead; found by akr in [ruby-dev:34890].
+	* configure.in (LIBPATHFLAG, RPATHFLAG): no needs to be quoted,
+	  it is done by libpathflag in mkmf.rb.
 
-Thu May 29 20:07:45 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Mon Jun 16 15:43:07 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub, mkconfig.rb, instruby.rb,
-	  ruby.c, lib/mkmf.rb, README.EXT, README.EXT.ja: Backport the
-	  vendor_ruby directory support.
+	* proc.c (proc_dup): should copy safe_level from src proc
+	  properly.  a patch from Keita Yamaguchi
+	  <keita.yamaguchi at gmail.com>
 
-Thu May 29 17:52:31 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:31:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/zlib/extconf.rb: search zlib1, and regard mswin32 later than VC6
 	  as WIN32.  [ruby-core:16984]
 
-Wed May 28 17:54:29 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_start_with): Remove an unused variable.
-	  (rb_str_upto_m): Fix a prototype.
-
-Wed May 28 17:48:28 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_step): Fix brokenness when a non-integer numeric
-	  value is specified as step. [rubyspec]
-	  (range_step): Make use of String#step internally if a string (or
-	  string-alike) range is given.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_upto_m, Init_String): Add an optional second
-	  argument to specify if the last value should be included.
-
-Wed May 28 16:53:39 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_slice_bang): Call rb_ary_modify_check() at the
-	  beginning. [rubyspec]
-
-Wed May 28 16:12:44 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgihandler.rb (WEBrick::HTTPServlet::CGIHandler#do_GET):
-	  Set the HTTP status code to 302 if a Location header field is
-	  present and the status code is not valid as a client
-	  redirection.  cf. RFC 3875 6.2.3, 6.2.4.
-
-Wed May 28 15:18:16 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/singleton.rb (SingletonClassMethods): _load should be public.
-
-Wed May 28 12:52:41 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:28:15 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (w_object, marshal_dump, r_object0, marshal_load): search
 	  private methods too.  [ruby-dev:34671]
 
 	* object.c (convert_type): ditto.
 
-Tue May 27 23:26:49 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (rb_bug): description from rb_bug() should include
-	  patchlevel.  [ruby-dev:34826]
-
-Tue May 27 20:19:22 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_slice_bang): Return an empty array instead of
-	  nil when pos is valid and len is adjusted from a valid value to
-	  zero; caught by RubySpec.
-
-Tue May 27 19:45:20 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:26:50 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (flo_divmod): Revert the behavior change; do not
 	  suppress an exception when div is NaN or Inf. [ruby-dev:34857]
 
-Tue May 27 19:24:40 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_to_a): Pass arguments through to #each().
-	  (enum_sort): Follow the enum_to_a signature change.
-	  (enum_reverse_each): Add #reverse_each().
-
-Tue May 27 18:54:02 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each_char, Init_stringio): Add
-	  StringIO#{each_char,chars}.
-
-Tue May 27 17:59:34 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_each): Return an enumerator if no
-	  block is given.
-	  (strio_each_byte): Return an enumerator if no block is given,
-	  and return self if one is given as the rdoc says.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_byte): Fix rdoc.  IO#each_byte returns self,
-	  not nil.
-
-Tue May 27 16:02:58 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_mod_module_exec, Init_eval): Add
-	  Module#{module_exec,class_exec}.
-
-Tue May 27 15:36:37 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_char, argf_each_char, Init_IO):
-	  Add {IO#,ARGF.}{each_char,chars}.
-
-Tue May 27 13:46:52 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (Init_stringio): Define
-	  StringIO#{getbyte,readbyte}.
-
-Tue May 27 13:38:51 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* io.c (Init_IO): Define {IO#,ARGF.}{getbyte,readbyte}.
-
-Tue May 27 13:26:15 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (Init_stringio): Define #bytes and
-	  #lines.
-
-Tue May 27 13:20:35 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* io.c: (rb_io_lines, rb_io_bytes, Init_IO): Define
-	  IO#{lines,bytes} and ARGF.{lines,bytes}.
-
-Tue May 27 12:13:17 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:24:32 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* file.c (BUFCHECK): wrong condition. [ruby-core:16921]
 
 	* file.c (file_expand_buf): shouldn't use buflen for length of string.
 
-Mon May 26 18:24:48 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (BUFCHECK): no resize if enough room.
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): use BUFCHECK.
-
-Mon May 26 16:46:19 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (ntfs_tail): filename which starts with '.' is valid.
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): cygwin symlink support.
-
-Mon May 26 12:16:43 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* .: Release as Ruby 1.8.7-preview4.
-
-Mon May 26 12:12:26 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (dump_ensure, load_ensure): should return values.
-
-	* eval.c (yield_under, yield_under_i, yield_args_under_i)
-	  (specific_eval, rb_obj_instance_exec, Init_eval): Implement
-	  Object#instance_exec(), a 1.9 feature.
-
-Mon May 26 11:53:21 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_yield_0, proc_invoke, proc_arity): allow passing a
-	  block to a Proc.  [ruby-dev:23533]; by nobu; backported from
-	  1.9.  This implementation in current shape is known to be
-	  buggy/broken, especially with nested block invocation.  Take
-	  this as an experimental feature.
-
-	* parse.y (block_par, block_var): ditto.
-
-Mon May 26 08:00:52 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:21:22 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (r_object0, Init_marshal): Fix the garbled s_call
 	  definition; fixes [ruby-dev:34843].
 
-Mon May 26 03:16:20 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_default): Fix rdoc.
-	  (rb_hash_each, env_each_value, env_each_pair): Return an
-	  enumerator if no block is given.
-	  (rb_hash_update): Update rdoc.
-	  (envix): Conditionalize the definition itself.
-	  (rb_f_getenv, env_fetch, env_keys, env_values, env_values_at)
-	  (env_select, env_inspect, env_to_a, env_empty_p, env_has_key)
-	  (env_has_value, env_index, env_indexes, env_to_hash, env_shift)
-	  (env_update): Require secure level 4.
-	  (env_each_value, env_each_i): Delay variable initialization.
-	  (env_each_key, env_each_value, env_reject_bang)
-	  (env_clear, env_replace): Omit duplicated secure level check.
-	  (env_has_value): Do to_str conversion.
-
-Sun May 25 19:48:12 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* hash.c (env_delete_if): Return an enumerator if no block is
-	  given.
-	  (env_each_key): Delay a variable initialization after
-	  RETURN_ENUMERATOR().
-
-Sun May 25 05:07:19 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_slice_bang): Be consistent with Array#slice()
-	  and String#slice!().  Just return nil when a negative length or
-	  out of boundary index is given instead of raising an exception
-	  via internal functions.
-	  (rb_ary_slice_bang): should not use rb_ary_subseq() which shares
-	  internal pointer.  splice modifies the receiver right after
-	  subseq.  [ruby-dev:34005]
-	  (rb_ary_slice_bang): should adjust length before making
-	  sub-array.
-
-	* enumerator.c (Init_Enumerator): Override
-	  Enumerable::Enumerator#each_with_index with #with_index.
-
-Sun May 25 03:13:09 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (Init_Thread): Initialize recursive_key.
-
-Sun May 25 02:45:49 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_eqq): Use en.
-
-Sat May 24 22:32:49 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:19:53 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* object.c (rb_cstr_to_dbl): should clear errno before calling
 	  strtod(3).  [ruby-dev:34834]
 
-Sat May 24 22:27:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:18:15 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (marshal_load): should initialize arg.data used for
 	  reentrant check.  [ruby-dev:34837]
 
-Sat May 24 00:34:59 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/rational.rb (Rational#to_i): fix rdoc.  Rational(-7,4).to_i
-	  should be -1.
-
-Fri May 23 20:22:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (reentrant_check): check reentrance via callcc.
-	  [ruby-dev:34802]
-
-Fri May 23 16:46:28 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (proc_call): Remove an unused static function.
-
-Fri May 23 13:46:09 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (cflags): commit miss.
-
-Fri May 23 09:52:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (MINIRUBY), common.mk (RUBYOPT): add purelib.rb.
-	  [ruby-core:16642]
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: load purelib.rb only when not cross compiling.
-
-Fri May 23 08:47:02 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* error.c (syserr_eqq): === should be able to handle delegated
-	  objects as well.
-
-Fri May 23 04:22:19 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c, ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: fix memory leak.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: avoid trouble when finalize TclTkIp.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/*: help to fix troubles when
-	  use Ttk widgets on old Tk scripts.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/*: update and add demo scripts. some of them are
-	  introduction about new features of Tcl/Tk8.5.
-
-Fri May 23 03:48:10 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* class.c (clone_method): Just use ruby_cref as cref.
-
-Fri May 23 01:03:23 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* class.c (rb_singleton_class_clone): Pass Qnil, not 0.
-
-Fri May 23 00:51:48 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* class.c (clone_method): Totally revamp the previous fix which
-	  was incorrect.
-	  (rb_mod_init_copy): Ditto.
-	  (singleton_class_clone_int): Ditto.
-
-Fri May 23 00:48:10 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_copy_node_scope), node.h: Rename from copy_node_scope
-	  and export.
-
-Thu May 22 21:24:15 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:13:23 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (top_local_setup): fixed memory leak bug based on a
 	  patch from Roger Pack <rogerpack2005 at gmail.com> in
 	  [ruby-core:16610].
+Sun Jun 15 23:16:26 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Thu May 22 14:20:54 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (flatten): check if reentered.  [ruby-dev:34798]
-
-Thu May 22 08:28:49 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (flatten): free memo hash table before raising exception.
-	  [ruby-dev:34789]
-
-Thu May 22 06:30:10 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* array.c (flatten): fix memory leak.
-
-Thu May 22 05:45:30 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* proc.c (proc_dup): should copy safe_level from src proc
-	  properly.  a patch from Keita Yamaguchi
-	  <keita.yamaguchi at gmail.com>
-
-Wed May 21 23:31:44 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_get_method_body, rb_alias, rb_eval): should not cache
-	  uninitialized value, since search_method doesn't set origin if the
-	  method wasn't found.
-
-	* eval.c (search_method, remove_method, error_print, rb_alias)
-	  (rb_eval, rb_rescue2, search_required, Init_eval, rb_thread_create),
-	  gc.c (rb_source_filename, Init_stack), io.c (rb_io_getline),
-	  parse.y (rb_id2name, rb_parser_free): suppress warnings.
-
-Wed May 21 12:34:51 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete): rdoc fix based on a patch from Gaston Ramos
-	  <ramos.gaston AT gmail.com>.  [ruby-core:16825]
-
-Tue May 20 13:15:46 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* file.c (lchmod_internal): Remove a compiler warning.
-
-Mon May 19 18:22:35 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* marshal.c (reentrant_check): check reentrance via callcc.
+	  [ruby-dev:34802]
 
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c (ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac): Fix the type
-	  of md; pointed out by Takahiro Kambe <taca at back-street.net>
-	  in [ruby-dev:34748].
 
-Mon May 19 14:20:13 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:09:00 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): fixed SEGV on win32 with "% 0e" % 1.0/0.0.
 
-Mon May 19 13:29:58 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:07:46 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* process.c (rb_f_system): set last_status when status == -1 because
 	  there is no path to set it on win32. this patch is derived from
 	  [ruby-core:16787], submitted by Luis Lavena <luislavena at gmail.com>
 
-Mon May 19 13:01:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk ({MSPEC,RUBYSPEC}_GIT_URL): moved from Makefine.in.
-
-	* {win32,bcc32}/Makefile.sub (update-rubyspec): added.
-
-Mon May 19 11:53:45 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c (HMAC_CTX_copy): adopted
-	  prototype change in openssl bundled with newer OpenBSD.
-	  a patch from Takahiro Kambe <taca at back-street.net> in
-	  [ruby-dev:34691].
-
-Mon May 19 06:36:37 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* .: Release as Ruby 1.8.7-preview3.
-
-Sun May 18 22:26:51 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:02:12 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
 	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: should normalize path
 	  name in path_info to prevent script disclosure vulnerability on
@@ -1531,54 +603,7 @@ Sun May 18 22:26:51 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgi_runner.rb: accept interpreter
 	  command line arguments.
 
-Sat May 17 23:53:57 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (file_expand_path): fix for short file name on Cygwin.
-
-Sat May 17 11:29:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): first dot is not an extension name.
-
-Sat May 17 10:18:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_search): need to free allocated buffer in re_register.
-
-Fri May 16 17:01:44 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (test-rubyspec): added.
-
-Fri May 16 16:22:40 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: sometimes freeze when receive Interrupt signal.
-
-Fri May 16 14:54:56 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (update-rubyspec): move rubyspec to srcdir. 
-	  (test-rubyspec): ditto.
-
-Fri May 16 14:25:22 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (test-rubyspec): use RUNRUBY.  suggested by nobu.
-
-Fri May 16 13:01:43 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (update-rubyspec): new target to download rubyspec.
-	  (test-rubyspec): new target to run rubyspec.  this doesn't work
-	  before install.
-
-Fri May 16 08:15:52 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: fix memory (object) leak bug.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb:
-	  bug fix.
-
-Thu May 15 17:00:22 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* string.c (Init_String): Define #bytesize as an alias for #size
-	  for compatibility with 1.9.
-
-Thu May 15 15:33:59 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 23:02:12 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* file.c (file_expand_path): support for alternative data stream
 	  and ignored trailing garbages of NTFS.
@@ -1587,93 +612,22 @@ Thu May 15 15:33:59 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): ditto.
 
-Wed May 14 19:24:59 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_count): Override Enumerable#count for better
-	  performance.
-	  (rb_ary_nitems): Undo the backport.  Use #count {} instead.
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_iter_i): Remove an unused function.
-	  (enumerator_with_index, enumerator_each): Remove unused
-	  variables.
-
-Wed May 14 17:15:11 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/tkutil/extronf.rb: check stdndup() because it's not standard
-	  function of C.
-
-	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c (cbsubst_table_setup): use malloc() and
-	  strncpy() instead of strndup() if not available.
-
-Wed May 14 09:52:02 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: improve handling callback-subst-keys. 
-	  Now, support longnam-keys (e.g. '%CTT' on tkdnd-2.0; however, still
-	  not support tkdnd-2.0 on tkextlib), and symbols of parameters (e.g. 
-	  :widget=>'%W', :keycode=>'%k', '%x'=>:x, '%X'=>:root_x, and so on; 
-	  those are attributes of event object). It means that Ruby/Tk accepts
-	  not only "widget.bind(ev, '%W', '%k', ...){|w, k, ...| ... }", but 
-	  also "widget.bind(ev, :widget, :keycode, ...){|w, k, ...| ... }". 
-	  It is potentially incompatible, when user passes symbols to the
-	  arguments of the callback block (the block receives the symbols as
-	  strings). I think that is very rare case (probably, used by Ruby/Tk
-	  experts only). When causes such trouble, please give strings instead
-	  of such symbol parameters (e.g. call Symbol#to_s method).
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb: ditto.
-
-	* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: strings are available on subst_tables on 
-	  TkUtil::CallbackSubst class (it is useful on Ruby 1.9). 
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb: disable code piece became 
-	  unnecessary by reason of the changes of ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c.
-
-Tue May 13 15:10:50 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c: Update rdoc.
-	  (enumerator_initialize): Discourage the use.
-	  (enum_each_slice, enum_each_cons, enumerator_each)
-	  (enumerator_with_index): Add a note about a call without a block.
-
-	* NEWS: Intentionally omit enum_slice and enum_cons, which are
-	  removed in 1.9.
-
-Tue May 13 07:56:36 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:53:20 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* string.c (rb_str_cat): fixed buffer overrun reported by
 	  Christopher Thompson <cthompson at nexopia.com> in [ruby-core:16746]
 
-Mon May 12 13:57:19 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:51:24 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (is_defined): add NODE_OP_ASGN_{OR,AND}.  "defined?(a||=1)"
 	  should not operate assignment.  [ruby-dev:34645]
 
-Mon May 12 12:59:23 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb: Wm#overrideredirect overwrites arguemnt to
-	  an invalid value.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: support "if __FILE__ == $0" idiom.
-
-Mon May 12 12:36:55 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:49:45 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_select): backport from trunk.
 	  [ruby-talk:300743]
 
-Mon May 12 12:33:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (RUBYLIB, RUBYOPT): clear.
-
-Mon May 12 10:41:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:48:26 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/delegate.rb (SimpleDelegator::dup): removed needless argument.
 	  [ruby-list:44910]
@@ -1681,111 +635,24 @@ Mon May 12 10:41:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* lib/delegate.rb (clone, dup): keep relationship with the target
 	  object.
 
-Sun May 11 23:19:39 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (all_iter_i, any_iter_i): reduced duplicated code.
-
-Sun May 11 17:57:36 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (MINIRUBY): should not include extension library path.
-
-Sun May 11 10:36:10 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* eval.c (method_name, method_owner): New methods; backported
-	  from 1.9. (UnboundMethod#name, UnboundMethod#owner)
-
-Sun May 11 02:48:13 2008    <nagai@orca16.orcabay.ddo.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb: fail to do pack/grid 
-	  without options.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#grid_anchor, grid_column, grid_row.
-
-Sat May 10 18:19:16 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_each_line): RDoc updated.  [ruby-dev:34586]
-
-Sat May 10 13:17:56 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb: increase supported
-	  parameter patterns of configure method.
-
-Sat May 10 09:16:13 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:46:34 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* util.c (ruby_strtod): backported from 1.9.  a patch from Satoshi
 	  Nakagawa <psychs at limechat.net> in [ruby-dev:34625]. 
 	  fixed: [ruby-dev:34623]
 
-Fri May  9 23:33:25 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb: methods of Tk::Wm_for_General module cannot
-	  pass the given block to methods of Tk::Wm module.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb: lack of module-method definitions.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb: lack of autoload definitions.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb: cannot use kanji (not UTF-8) 
-	  characters for headings.
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: maybe a little more stable about @encoding value 
-	  of TclTkIp object.
-
-Wed May  7 08:46:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:44:25 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* struct.c (rb_struct_s_def): to_str should be called only once.
 	  [ruby-core:16647]
 
-Wed May  7 00:54:25 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:42:54 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/zlib/zlib.c (gzreader_gets): may cause infinite loop.
 	  a patch from Kouya <kouyataifu4 at gmail.com> in
 	  [ruby-reference-manual:762].
 
-Sun May  4 09:35:51 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* sample/erb/erb4html.rb (ERB4Html) : add example of ERB#set_eoutvar.
-	  ERB4Html is an auto-quote ERB.
-
-Sat May  3 22:52:48 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: improve treating and control themes. 
-	  add Tk::Tile.themes and Tk::Tile.set_theme(theme).
-
-Fri May  2 14:52:33 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el: move fontifying code from hook.  a patch from
-	  Phil Hagelberg <phil at hagelb.org> in [ruby-core:16636].
-
-Fri May  2 13:47:51 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_select): restore previous behavior of MatchData#select.
-	  RDoc updated as well, mentioning the plan to remove this method
-	  in the future.  [ruby-dev:34556]
-
-Fri May  2 13:04:04 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dbm/dbm.c (Init_dbm): defines DBM::VERSION even when
-	  DB_VERSION_STRING is not available.  [ruby-dev:34569]
-
-Thu May  1 23:57:06 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	Merged 16257 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/net/telnet.rb:  This patch from Brian Candler adds a FailEOF mode which
-	  can be activated to have net/telnet raise EOFError exceptions when the 
-	  remote connection is closed.  The default behavior remains unchanged though.
-
-Thu May  1 23:43:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_step): check if step can be converted to an integer.
-	  [ruby-dev:34558]
-
-	* range.c (range_step): allow float step bigger than zero but less
-	  than one.  [ruby-dev:34557]
-
-Wed Apr 30 20:22:40 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:34:09 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	Merged 16241 from trunk.
 
@@ -1793,214 +660,27 @@ Wed Apr 30 20:22:40 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 	  escaped when the two character ending was broken up into separate TCP
 	  packets.  Issue reported and patched by Brian Candler.
 
-Wed Apr 30 17:47:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:31:47 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* re.c (rb_reg_search): use local variable.  a patch from wanabe
 	  <s.wanabe AT gmail.com> in [ruby-dev:34537].  [ruby-dev:34492]
 
-Sat Apr 26 19:40:34 2008  Guy Decoux  <decoux@moulon.inra.fr>
-
-	* class.c (struct clone_method_data): Add cref.
-	  (clone_method): Properly handle NODE_BMETHOD and NODE_DMETHOD.
-	  (rb_singleton_class_clone, singleton_class_clone_int): Set a
-	  proper value to klass and propagate cref. [ruby-core:16238]
-
-	* eval.c (rb_block_dup, rb_method_dup), intern.h: Add duplicator
-	  methods for use from class.c#clone_method().
-
-Fri Apr 25 15:46:37 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb:
-	  improve unknonw-option check when create a widget. 
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb,
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb: bug fix on 'cget'.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb: option check will fail when 
-	  TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ is true.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb: bug fix.
-
-Fri Apr 25 12:37:54 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (flatten): returns an instance of same class.
-	  [ruby-core:16554]
-
-Thu Apr 24 23:47:50 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/net/pop.rb: backported from 1.9. bug#19003
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb: set_params; backported from 1.9.
-	  bug#19552, [ruby-dev:34402]
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: ditto.
-
-	* test/openssl/test_ssl.rb: ditto.
-
-Thu Apr 24 17:06:34 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (THREAD_SAVE_CONTEXT): remove unnecessary
-	  FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS before calling setjmp().  [ruby-core:16285]
-
-Thu Apr 24 14:15:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (dln_find_1): prior files with extensions to files sans
-	  extensions.  [ruby-core:16517]
-
-Wed Apr 23 15:39:31 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (bind_eval): Add Binding#eval, a shorthand method for
-	  eval(str, binding, ..); backported from 1.9.
-
-Wed Apr 23 15:28:52 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/gdbm/test_gdbm.rb (TestGDBM#test_s_open_no_create): failed
-	  notice moved from comment to assertion message. [ruby-dev:29127]
-
-Wed Apr 23 14:00:05 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): Add a missing dependency on the
-	  target directory for each .rb file.  This will hopefully fix
-	  parallel make (-jN).  Tested on FreeBSD.
-
-Wed Apr 23 11:49:54 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/set.rb (Set#each, SortedSet#each, TC_Set#test_each): Return
-	  an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-Wed Apr 23 00:42:49 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* eval.c (error_print): show full stack grace except SystemStackError.
-	  backport from 1.9.  [ruby-dev:31014]
-
-Wed Apr 23 00:18:45 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (TestSymbol#test_to_proc): Improve
-	  tests of Symbol#to_proc.
-
-Tue Apr 22 22:43:05 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_proc_new, YIELD_FUNC_LAMBDA): Add a new nd_state
-	  YIELD_FUNC_LAMBDA which avoids automatic `avalue' conversion for
-	  arguments.  This fixes a bug where [1,[2,3]].map(&:object_id)
-	  fails.
-
-	* intern.h, object.c: Hide rb_proc_new() from intern.h.  It should
-	  not be considered an official API function yet.
-
-Tue Apr 22 21:24:32 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_proc_new): Turn the BLOCK_LAMBDA flag on.
-
-	* object.c (sym_to_proc), test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: Add back
-	  Symbol#to_proc, now that it passes the tests.
-
-Tue Apr 22 19:35:03 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_initialize): Remove an undocumented
-	  feature (passing a block to the constructor) that's broken.
-	  This is not what I intended.
-
-Tue Apr 22 17:49:46 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:20:45 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): should protect temporary string from
 	  GC.   [ruby-dev:34480]
 
-Tue Apr 22 17:12:05 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:18:30 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* regex.c (re_search): string might be NULL.  [ruby-core:16478]
 
-Tue Apr 22 16:44:00 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_tap): Correct documentation; pointed out by
-	  okkez in [ruby-dev:34472].
-
-Tue Apr 22 10:05:51 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (eaccess): workaround for recent msvcrt's behavior.
-	  [ruby-core:16460]
-
-Mon Apr 21 16:06:47 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_init): preserve the method name in ID.
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_each): need not to call rb_to_id().
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_with_index): ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 21 17:19:52 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_f_method_name): New gloval function: __method__;
-	  backported from matzruby / 1.9.
-
-	* eval.c (rb_frame_this_func), intern.h: New internal function.
-
-	* intern.h (RETURN_ENUMERATOR): Use rb_frame_this_func() instead
-	  of rb_frame_last_func(), to accommodate the behavior to that of
-	  1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 21 15:54:48 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile::_close): check @data before modifying
-	  it; backported from 1.9.  [ruby-dev:34094]
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile::close): clear @data and @tmpname.
-
-Mon Apr 21 10:17:17 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* time.c: should include <errno.h> to refer errno.
-
-Mon Apr 21 10:02:43 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (recursive_hash): prototype.
-
-Mon Apr 21 10:00:51 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:16:21 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* time.c (rb_strftime): check errno to detect strftime(3)'s error.
 	  this is workaround for recent version of MSVCRT.
 	  [ruby-dev:34456]
 
-Sun Apr 20 21:10:04 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* .: Release as Ruby 1.8.7-preview2.
-
-Sun Apr 20 21:02:06 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c: Resolve the method every time an enumeration
-	  method is run, not once when the enumerator is initialized as it
-	  was before, so that method_missing() and method (re)definition
-	  afterwards are both in effect; pointed out in: [ruby-core:16441]
-
-Sun Apr 20 17:59:25 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* object.c, NEWS, test/ruby/test_symbol.rb: Revert Symbol#to_proc
-	  since it does not pass the tests.
-
-Sun Apr 20 14:29:35 2008  Technorama Ltd.  <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: initialize session class.
-
-Sat Apr 19 20:54:42 2008  akira yamada  <akira@arika.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb, lib/uri/generic.rb, test/uri/test_common.rb,
-	  test/uri/test_ftp.rb, test/uri/test_generic.rb: backported from 1.9.
-	  [ruby-dev:31318]
-
-Sat Apr 19 20:35:02 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/yaml/baseemitter.rb, lib/yaml/encoding.rb: performance
-	  tuning around String#gsub.
-
-	* lib/yaml/tag.rb: Replace nodoc with stopdoc so Module methods get
-	  documented.
-
-	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::load): modified to support empty
-	  database.
-
-	* lib/yaml/store.rb (YAML::Store::marshal_dump_supports_canonical_option?):
-	  add a method to support faster PStore.
-
-Sat Apr 19 20:16:52 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:12:07 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/yaml/types.rb: Likewise, pass self to YAML::quick_emit;
 	  merged from 1.9.
@@ -2010,577 +690,41 @@ Sat Apr 19 20:16:52 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 	  objects during output of YAML. [ruby-Bugs-8548] [ruby-Bugs-3698];
 	  merged from 1.9.
 
-Sat Apr 19 20:05:39 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_equal, rb_ary_eql, rb_ary_hash, rb_ary_cmp):
-	  Make Array#eql?, #hash, #== and #<=> use rb_exec_recursive() and
-	  handle recursive data properly.
-
-	* hash.c (hash_equal, rb_hash_hash): Make Hash#eql?, #hash and #==
-	  use rb_exec_recursive() and handle recursive data properly.
-
-Sat Apr 19 19:26:09 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* intern.h, eval.c (rb_exec_recursive): New internal function to
-	  help perform recursive operation; backported from 1.9.
-
-Sat Apr 19 18:42:04 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* intern.h, hash.c (rb_hash_lookup): New internal function to
-	  check if a key exists in a hash, ignoring #default; backported
-	  from 1.9.
-
-Fri Apr 18 18:56:57 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_genericresolver_node_import): should
-	  not set instance variable "@kind" before initializing it.
-	  [ruby-dev:32677]
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (syck_resolver_initialize,
-	  syck_resolver_detect_implicit, syck_emitter_emit): remove unused
-	  variables.
-
-Fri Apr 18 18:54:57 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:09:02 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/syck/rubyext.c: Node#value defined twice.
 
 	* lib/yaml/: several method redefinitions causing warnings.
 
-Fri Apr 18 16:36:16 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/node.rb (REXML::Node::indent): should initialize rv
-	  variable.  a patch from Tadayoshi Funaba <tadf AT dotrb.org> in 
-	  [ruby-dev:32783].
-
-Fri Apr 18 16:01:37 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml: Merge fixes since 1.8.6 made solely on the ruby_1_8_6
-	  branch.
-
-Wed Apr 16 06:11:49 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb (TestSetTraceFunc#test_event):
-	  Fix tests to reflect the following changes: r15833, r15759.
-
-Wed Apr 16 05:03:48 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* .: Release as Ruby 1.8.7-preview1.
-
-Wed Apr 16 02:09:14 2008  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb: fix cookie handling. [ruby-dev:34403]
-
-	* test/xmlrpc/test_cookie.rb: add a test for the above fix.
-
-Tue Apr 15 23:48:28 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* version.h: Branch off ruby_1_8_7 from ruby_1_8 in preparation
-	  for the forthcoming 1.8.7 release.
-
-Tue Apr 15 23:40:39 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ext/syck/rubyext.c (rb_syck_mktime): Avoid buffer overflow.
-
-Tue Apr 15 20:32:03 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_inspect): backported from 1.9.
-
-Tue Apr 15 19:03:28 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* eval.c (method_receiver, method_name, method_owner): New
-	  methods; backported from 1.9. bug#19007
-
-Tue Apr 15 18:39:14 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/uri.rb, lib/uri/ldaps.rb: added LDAPS
-	  scheme; backported from 1.9. bug#19015, [ruby-dev:31896]
-
-Tue Apr 15 17:45:43 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/net/smtp.rb: backported from 1.9. bug#19003
-
-Tue Apr 15 17:06:12 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_symbol.rb (TestSymbol#test_to_proc): add tests.
-
-Tue Apr 15 16:58:55 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb: option check will fail when 
-	  TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ is true.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb: bug fix.
-
-Tue Apr 15 16:47:48 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* signal.c, gc.c: New methods: GC.stress, GC.stress=;
-	  backported from 1.9. a patch from Tadashi Saito
-	  in [ruby-dev:34394] and bug#19000
-
-Tue Apr 15 12:35:44 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* rubyio.h (rb_io_t): renamed from OpenFile.
-
-	* ruby.h (struct RHash), file.c, gc.c, io.c, ext/dl/dl.c,
-	  ext/io/wait/wait.c, ext/pty/pty.c, ext/readline/readline.c,
-	  ext/socket/socket.c: ditto.
-
-	* win32/win32.h: removed workaround for OpenFile.
-
-Tue Apr 15 00:15:29 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb: typo. call a wrong method.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb: ditto.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: bug fix.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb: add binding for 'Ctrl-u' at console mode.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb, ext/tk/lib/font.rb: 
-	  support __IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ about font options.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb: bug fix. 
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb: improve TPaned#add.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb: add TkTimer#at_end(proc) to register the 
-	  procedure which called at end of the timer.
-
-Mon Apr 14 19:54:21 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_flatten, rb_ary_flatten_bang): Take an optional
-	  argument that determines the level of recursion to flatten;
-	  backported from 1.9.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_shuffle_bang, rb_ary_shuffle, rb_ary_choice,
-	  rb_ary_cycle, rb_ary_permutation, rb_ary_combination,
-	  rb_ary_product, rb_ary_take, rb_ary_take_while, rb_ary_drop,
-	  rb_ary_drop_while): New methods: Array#shuffle, #shuffle!,
-	  #choice, #cycle, #permutation, #combination, #product, #take,
-	  #take_while, #drop, #drop_while; backported from 1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 14 19:52:35 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ruby.h: New macro: RB_GC_GUARD().
-
-Mon Apr 14 19:49:35 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* random.c (rb_genrand_int32, rb_genrand_real), intern.h: Export.
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_tmp_new), intern.h: New function.
-
-Mon Apr 14 19:18:55 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (inject_i, inject_op_i): prototype.
-
-Mon Apr 14 19:10:47 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c New methods: Enumerable#take, #take_while, #drop and
-	  #drop_while; backported from 1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 14 18:50:15 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c: New methods: Enumerable#one?, #none?, #minmax, #min_by,
-	  #max_by, #minmax_by and #cycle; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* enum.c (enum_find_index): Add support for find_index(obj);
-	  [ruby-dev:34313]; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* enum.c (enum_inject): Add support for Enumerable#inject(:binop);
-	  backported from 1.9.
-
-	* enum.c: Alias Enumerable#reject to #inject; backported from 1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 14 18:14:19 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_find, enum_reject): Return an enumerator if no
-	  block is given; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* io.c (rb_io_each_line, rb_io_each_byte, rb_io_s_foreach,
-	  argf_each_line, argf_each_byte): Ditto.
-
-	* string.c (str_gsub): Ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 14 18:10:05 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (find_index_i, find_index_iter_i): add prototype for VC.
-
-Mon Apr 14 17:55:30 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_collect_bang, rb_ary_select): Return an
-	  enumerator if no block is given; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* dir.c (dir_each, dir_foreach): Ditto.
-
-	* enum.c (enum_partition, enum_sort_by): Ditto.
-
-	* gc.c (os_each_obj): Ditto.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete_if, rb_hash_reject_bang, rb_hash_select,
-	  rb_hash_each_value, rb_hash_each_key, rb_hash_each_pair,
-	  env_each_key, env_each_value, env_each, env_each_pair,
-	  env_reject_bang, env_delete_if, env_select): Ditto.
-
-	* numeric.c (num_step, int_upto, int_downto, int_dotimes): Ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 14 16:42:53 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* ruby.h (rb_block_call_func): Fix prototype.
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_iter_i, enumerator_each_i): Ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 14 15:49:05 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_count, enum_find_index): New methods:
-	  Enumerable#count and #find_index; backported from 1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 14 14:16:08 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_mark, enumerator_iter_i, enumerator_each_i,
-	  enumerator_allocate): add prototype.
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_each_i): declare unused two arguments.
-
-Mon Apr 14 13:58:32 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_each_char): New methods: String#chars and
-	  #each_char; backported from 1.9.
-
-Mon Apr 14 13:42:20 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_each_line, rb_str_each_byte): Reflect
-	  enumerator integration.  #lines and #bytes are now aliases to
-	  #each_line and #each_byte, respectively.
-
-Mon Apr 14 13:19:36 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_each, range_step): Return an enumerator if no
-	  block is given; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_each, rb_struct_each_pair): Ditto.
-
-Mon Apr 14 13:07:59 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_partition, rb_str_rpartition,
-	  rb_str_start_with, rb_str_end_with): New methods:
-	  String#partition, #rpartition, #start_with? and #end_with?;
-	  backported from 1.9.  These methods are $KCODE aware unlike
-	  #index, #rindex and #include?.
-
-Sun Apr 13 15:55:52 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* object.c (sym_to_proc): new method Symbol#to_proc; backported
-	  from 1.9. bug#19012
-
-Fri Apr 11 19:14:30 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* object.c (rb_obj_tap): new method Object#tap; backported from
-	  1.9. bug#19008
-
-Fri Apr 11 18:58:09 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* process.c: new method Process.exec; backported from 1.9. bug#19006
-
-Fri Apr 11 12:43:56 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb: previous patch is not complete.
-
-Fri Apr 11 10:22:54 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb:
-	  __define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__! do nothing when the 
-	  Tcl command exists.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb:
-	  __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__! do nothing when the Tcl
-	  command exists.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb: don't create 'step' theme if 
-	  it already exists.
-
-Fri Apr 11 08:05:12 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 22:04:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (w_object): add volatile to avoid potential GC bug.  a
 	  patch from Tomoyuki Chikanaga <chikanag at nippon-control-system.co.jp>
 	  in [ruby-dev:34311].
 
-Thu Apr 10 20:29:13 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* misc/rdebug.el, misc/README: Remove rdebug.el as per request
-	  from the maintainer and mention the ruby-debug project at
-	  RubyForge in README; bug#19043.
-
-Thu Apr 10 20:08:37 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enum.c (enum_first, enum_group_by): New methods:
-	  Enumerable#first and #group_by; backported from 1.9.
-
-Thu Apr 10 19:49:10 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c (rb_eStopIteration), eval.c (rb_f_loop), ruby.h:
-	  Add a new exception class StopIteration, which breaks Kernel#loop
-	  iteration when raised; backported from 1.9.
-
-	* enumerator.c (enumerator_next, enumerator_rewind): Implement
-	  #next and #rewind using the "generator" library.
-
-	* lib/generator.rb: Implement Enumerable::Enumerator#next and
-	  #rewind.
-
-Thu Apr 10 19:29:48 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_first, rb_ary_last): Return a shared array when
-	  possible.
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_pop, rb_ary_pop_m, rb_ary_shift, rb_ary_shift_m):
-	  Array#pop and Array#shift can take an optional argument
-	  specifying the number of elements to remove and return;
-	  backported from 1.9.
-
-Thu Apr 10 14:00:44 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS#each_address): backport from 1.9 for
-	  CNAME.  [ruby-dev:34200]
-
-Thu Apr 10 01:42:25 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (iterate_method): add prototype to avoid warning on VC++.
-
-Wed Apr  9 23:12:41 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: SEGV when tcltk-stubs is enabled.
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: avoid error on a shared object.
-
-	* ext/tk/extconf.rb: support --with-tcltkversion
-
-	* ext/tk/README.tcltklib: add document about --with-tcltkversion
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget, 
-	  ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb: 
-	  bug fix.
-
-Wed Apr  9 21:54:45 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_pop): Do not reallocate too often; backported
-	  from 1.9.
-
-Wed Apr  9 21:13:05 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_each, rb_ary_each_index, rb_ary_reverse_each,
-	  rb_ary_reject, rb_ary_reject_bang): Array#each, #each_index,
-	  #reverse_each, #reject, #reject! and #delete_if return an
-	  enumerator if no block is given; backported from 1.9.
-
-Wed Apr  9 20:47:16 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_index, rb_ary_index): Array#index and #rindex
-	  can take a block instead of an argument; backported from 1.9.
-
-Wed Apr  9 19:58:31 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* enumerator.c, inits.c (rb_call_inits), ruby.h, intern.h,
-	  ext/enumerator, common.mk (OBJS, enumerator.$(OBJEXT)): Make the
-	  enumerator module built-in.
-
-	* enumerator.c: New method: Enumerable::Enumerator#with_index.
-
-	* enum.c (enum_each_with_index): Enumerable#each_with_index now
-	  returns an enumerator instead of raising an exception if no
-	  block is given.  Enumerable#enum_with_index, formerly defined in
-	  the enumerator module, is kept as an alias to each_with_index
-	  for backward compatibility.
-
-Wed Apr  9 19:43:51 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_obj_method, rb_proc_call), intern.h: Export.
-
-Tue Apr  8 11:11:28 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (EXEC_TAG): remove unnecessary FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS for
-	  better performance on SPARC.  [ruby-core:16159]
-
-Tue Apr  8 10:49:54 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 21:59:22 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* re.c (rb_reg_quote): should always copy the quoting string.
 	  [ruby-core:16235]
 
-Mon Apr  7 21:35:08 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_nitems): Backport Array#nitems with a block;
-	  suggested by Bertram Scharpf <lists@bertram-scharpf.de> in
-	  [ruby-talk:134083].
-
-Sun Apr  6 09:45:00 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_tell): check if closed.  [ruby-core:16223]
-
-Sat Apr  5 10:05:00 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (rb_check_to_integer): backported for range_step.
-
-Fri Apr  4 05:57:11 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 21:27:46 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/pop.rb (Net::POP3::do_finish): clear @n_mails and
 	  @n_bytes as well.  [ruby-core:16144]
 
-Fri Apr  4 02:17:06 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_step): should not round step into integer if
-	  begin and end are numeric.  [ruby-core:15990]
-
-Tue Apr  1 14:43:38 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: get rid of empty expansion.
-
-	* {bcc,win}32/Makefile (config.h): need to define RUBY_SETJMP, etc.
-
-Tue Apr  1 11:36:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: _setjmp is available but _longjmp is not on mingw.
-
-Tue Apr  1 03:20:40 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_SETJMP, RUBY_LONGJMP, RUBY_JMP_BUF): prefers
-	  _setjmp over setjmp and sigsetjmp.  [ruby-core:16023]
-	  __builtin_setjmp cannot handle a variable.
-
-	* configure.in (--with-setjmp-type): new option to override the
-	  default rule in the above.
-
-	* eval_intern.h (ruby_setjmp, ruby_longjmp), gc.c (rb_setjmp),
-	  vm_core.h (rb_jmpbuf_t): use RUBY_SETJMP, RUBY_LONGJMP and
-	  RUBY_JMP_BUF.
-
-Tue Apr  1 01:55:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 21:08:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Config.default_config_hash): requires
 	  win32/resolv to use Win32::Resolv.  [ruby-dev:34138]
 
-Mon Mar 31 14:51:11 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_div): Bignum#div should return integer for
-	  floating number operand.
-
-Sun Mar 30 07:00:32 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: rb_hash_lookup has not been backported yet.
-
-Sat Mar 29 14:18:41 2008  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/*: full update Ruby/Tk to support Ruby(1.9|1.8) and Tc/Tk8.5.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb: [incompatible] remove TileWidgets' 
-	  instate/state/identify method to avoid the conflict with standard
-	  widget options. Those methods are renamed to ttk_instate/ttk_state/
-	  ttk_identify (tile_instate/tile_state/tile_identify are available 
-	  too). Although I don't recommend, if you realy need old methods, 
-	  please define "Tk::USE_OBSOLETE_TILE_STATE_METHOD = true" before 
-	  "require 'tkextlib/tile'".
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb: "Tk::Tile::__Import_Tile_Widgets__!"
-	  is obsolete. It outputs warning. To control default widget set, 
-	  use "Tk.default_widget_set = :Ttk".
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: __IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ method and 
-	  __set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__!(mode) method are defind 
-	  as module methods of TkConfigMethod. It may help users to wrap old 
-	  Ruby/Tk scripts (use standard widgets) to force to use Ttk widgets.
-	  Ttk widgets don't have some options of standard widgets which are 
-	  control the view of widgets. When set ignore-mode true, configure 
-	  method tries to ignoure such unknown options with no exception. 
-	  Of course, it may raise other troubles on the GUI design. 
-	  So, those are a little danger methods. 
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb: __IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ 
-	  method and __set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__!(mode) method 
-	  are defind as module methods of TkItemConfigMethod as the same 
-	  purpose as TkConfigMethod's ones.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: A new example. This is a tool for 
-	  wrapping old Ruby/Tk scripts (which use standard widgets) to use 
-	  Ttk (Tile) widgets as default.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb: use ttk_instate/ttk_state 
-	  method instead of instate/state method.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/root, ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb,
-	  ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/*: some 'instance_eval's  
-	  are replaced to "instance_exec(self)".
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb: bug fix on KEY_TBL and PROC_TBL (?x is not 
-	  a character code on Ruby1.9).
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/variable.rb: support new style of operation argument 
-	  on Tcl/Tk's 'trace' command for variables. 
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget: bug fix
-
-	* ext/tk/sammple/demos-jp/textpeer.rb, 
-	  ext/tk/sammple/demos-en/textpeer.rb: new widget demo.
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: decrase SEGV troubles (probably)
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: remove Thread.critical access if Ruby1.9
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/multi-tk.rb: support Ruby1.9 (probably)
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb: add method to define Tcl/Tk command 
-	  to make Tcl/Tk theme sources (based on different version of Tile 
-	  extension) available. 
-	  (Tk::Tile::__define_LoadImages_proc_for_comaptibility__)
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb: support dockable frames
-	  (Tcl/Tk8.5 feature). 'wm' command can treat many kinds of widgets 
-	  as toplevel widgets.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb: ditto.
-	  (Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__)
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb: add actual_hash and metrics_hash to get 
-	  properties as a hash. metrics_hash method returns a boolean value 
-	  for 'fixed' option. But metrics method returns numeric value 
-	  (0 or 1) for 'fixed' option, because of backward compatibility. 
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb: somtimes fail to set callback procedure.
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add Tk.sleep and Tk.wakeup method. Tk.sleep 
-	  doesn't block the eventloop. It will be better to use the method 
-	  in event callbacks.
-
-	* ext/tk/sample/tksleep_sample.rb: sample script about Tk.sleep.
-
-Sat Mar 29 04:08:59 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* class.c (clone_method): should copy cref as well.
-	  [ruby-core:15833]
-
-Mon Mar 24 20:07:42 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_eval): Call trace hook for if expression after the
-	  condition has been evaluated, not before; submitted by Rocky
-	  Bernstein in #18722.
-
-Mon Mar 24 19:44:53 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Jun 15 20:54:07 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yycompile): Always prepare a new array for each file's
 	  SCRIPT_LINES__ storage, instead of appending source lines every
 	  time a file is re-loaded; submitted by Rocky Bernstein in
 	  #18517.
 
-Mon Mar 24 10:25:54 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: sitearch should use target_cpu.  [ruby-core:15986]
-
-Mon Mar 24 01:24:24 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (result): use proc instead of Thread. [ruby-dev:33692]
-
-Fri Mar 21 21:26:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 20:30:01 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::Hosts): should not use win32/resolv on cygwin.
 	  [ruby-dev:29945], [ruby-dev:34095]
@@ -2590,314 +734,81 @@ Fri Mar 21 21:26:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/win32/resolv.rb (Win32::Resolv.get_hosts_path): use expand_path.
 
-Fri Mar 21 21:10:00 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Say that I am the current maintainer.
-
-	* lib/set.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Ditto.
-
-	* ext/syslog/syslog.txt: Ditto.
-
-Fri Mar 21 09:24:28 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* instruby.rb (open_for_install): write block result and rewrite only
-	  if changed from existing file.
-
-Wed Mar 19 21:01:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (dir_inspect, dir_path, dir_tell): check for frozen and closed
-	  is not needed.  [ruby-dev:32640]
-
-Wed Mar 19 20:25:40 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dir.c (Init_Dir): define inspect method.  [ruby-core:15960]
-
-Wed Mar 19 14:59:12 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-style.el (ruby-style-{case,label}-indent): fix for labels
-	  inside blocks in switch and function top level.
-
-Wed Mar 19 14:36:40 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_to_inum): treat successive underscores as
-	  nondigit.  [ruby-dev:34089]
-
-Wed Mar 19 00:01:23 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb (ERB::Compiler): Make some minor code optimization.
-
-Mon Mar 17 17:11:13 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 20:27:59 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-mode): should use `run-mode-hooks' instead
 	  of calling `run-hooks' directly to run the mode hook.  patch from
 	  Chiyuan Zhang <pluskid AT gmail.com> in [ruby-core:15915]
 
-Mon Mar 17 16:41:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: unset GREP_OPTIONS.  [ruby-core:15918]
-
-Fri Mar 14 16:59:23 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_LIB_PREFIX): fix for prefix.
-
-Fri Mar 14 16:35:11 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/cgi.rb (CGI::Cookie::initialize): performance patch from
-	  Makoto Kuwata <kwa@kuwata-lab.com> in [ruby-dev:34048].
-
-Fri Mar 14 15:49:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_LIB_PREFIX): use libdir.
-
-Fri Mar 14 10:12:29 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE): should not indent preprocessor
-	  directives.
-
-Thu Mar 13 00:37:20 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_call0): yields the last executed node line number at
-	  return event.  [ruby-core:15855]
-
-Wed Mar 12 02:12:20 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb: check $@ to avoid NoMethodError.
-
-Tue Mar 11 19:48:09 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 20:20:59 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (fix_coerce): try conversion before type check.
 	  [ruby-core:15838]
 
-Tue Mar 11 17:03:23 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/delegate.rb (Delegator#initialize, DelegateClass): skip correct
-	  backtrace.  [ruby-dev:34019]
-
-Tue Mar 11 16:43:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_cmdvector): terminate shrunken command line.
-
-Tue Mar 11 12:39:03 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (clean-local): removes MINOBJS.
-
-Sat Mar  8 18:50:57 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (isdirsep): backslash is valid path separator on cygwin too.
-
-Fri Mar  7 19:56:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: rdoc added.  [ruby-Patches-9762]
-
-Thu Mar  6 15:10:21 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* {bcc32,win32}/Makefile.sub (RUNRUBY): use $(PROGRAM) instead of
-	  ruby$(EXEEXT).
-	  suggested by KIMURA Koichi <kimura.koichi at canon.co.jp>.
-	  [ruby-dev:34000]
-
-Thu Mar  6 12:15:06 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (opt_block_param): command can start just after block param
-	  definition.  [ruby-list:44479]
-
-Thu Mar  6 00:34:11 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/erb.rb: update RDoc. Thanks Makoto Kuwata [ruby-dev:33702]
-
-Mon Mar  3 23:28:34 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: should normalize path
-	  separators in path_info to prevent directory traversal attacks
-	  on DOSISH platforms.
-	  reported by Digital Security Research Group [DSECRG-08-026].
-
-	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: pathnames which have
-	  not to be published should be checked case-insensitively.
-
-Mon Mar  3 16:14:24 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_any_hash): shrinks all results in Fixnum range.
-	  [ruby-core:15713]
-
-Sat Mar  1 02:35:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (big2str_find_n1): check integer overflow.
-
-Tue Feb 26 16:06:00 2008  Technorama Ltd.  <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_{ec,dh,dsa,rsa}.c: Remove useless warnings.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c: Simplify code.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c Fix compiler warnings.
-	  Undefine #id if SSL_SESSION_get_id is not supported.
-
-Tue Feb 26 15:43:42 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* parse.y (tokadd_escape): refactored.  [ruby-core:15657]
-
-Mon Feb 25 17:30:29 2008  Technorama Ltd.  <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/digest.c ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb:
-	  Commit patch #9280 from Akinori MUSHA.
-	  Simplify the OpenSSL::Digest class and make use of the
-	  existing Digest framework.
-	  Enhance performance.
-
-Mon Feb 25 13:40:03 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* process.c (Init_process): share bignum objects for RLIM_INFINITY,
-	  RLIM_SAVED_MAX and RLIM_SAVED_CUR if they are equal.
-
-Sun Feb 24 23:29:48 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk, {bcc,win}32/Makefile.sub (clean-local): remove
-	  intermediate files.
-
-Sun Feb 24 03:52:58 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* util.c (valid_filename): use O_EXCL to get rid of clobbering
-	  existing files in race conditions.
-
-Fri Feb 22 19:50:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:56:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (BIGZEROP): fix for longer Bignum zeros.  [ruby-Bugs-17454]
 
-Fri Feb 22 16:09:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_lshift, rb_big_rshift, rb_big_aref): removed excess
-	  arguments.
-
-Thu Feb 21 00:01:34 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (RPATHFLAG): -R option of HP-UX ld is not for runtime
-	  load path.  [ruby-list:44600]
-
-Wed Feb 20 23:55:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_map_errno): exported.
-
-Wed Feb 20 13:08:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* instruby.rb (parse_args): added --dir-mode, --script-mode and
-	  --cmd-type options.  [ruby-dev:33816]
-
-	* instruby.rb (parse_args): added bin-arch and bin-comm to install
-	  type, for compiled files and script files.
-
-	* instruby.rb (parse_args): deal with make style command line macros,
-	  and count as long syle options if prefixed with INSTALL_.
+Sun Jun 15 19:54:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* instruby.rb (makedirs): use $dir_mode.  [ruby-dev:33805]
-
-	* instruby.rb (open_for_install): set file mode, which is now
-	  permission mode instead of access mode.
-
-	* instruby.rb (bin-comm): installs scripts with replacing shebang
-	  lines.
+	* bignum.c (big2str_find_n1): check integer overflow.
 
-Tue Feb 19 18:34:32 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:52:20 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* gc.c (STACK_LENGTH) [SPARC] : 0x80 offset removed.  [ruby-dev:33857]
 
-Tue Feb 19 14:27:32 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:50:20 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): prevent polling.  based on
 	  a patch from error errorsson in [ruby-Bugs-17675].
 
-Tue Feb 19 12:08:29 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:44:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yycompile): clear ruby_eval_tree_begin if parse failed.
 
-Mon Feb 18 16:23:45 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:44:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yycompile): clear ruby_eval_tree_begin too before parse.
 
-Mon Feb 18 10:17:42 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:22:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/pty/lib/expect.rb (IO#expect): check if peer is closed.
 	  [ruby-Bugs-17940]
 
-Fri Feb 15 20:37:06 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/rational.rb (floor, ceil, truncate, round): do not use
-	  definitions of Numeric.
-
-	* lib/rational.rb (to_i): should returns truncated self.
-
-	* lib/complex.rb (numerator): requires
-	  Integer#{numerator,denominator}.
-
-	* lib/complex.rb (quo): do not use definition of Numeric.
-
-	* lib/complex.rb (div, divmod, floor, ceil, truncate, round):
-	  undef'ed.
-
-Fri Feb 15 15:23:12 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:20:13 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_convert): check upper bound.  a patch from
 	  Daniel Luz at [ruby-Bugs-17910].
 
-Fri Feb 15 02:42:25 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:13:46 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (ftruncate): check if available.
 
 	* file.c (rb_file_truncate): check if ftruncate instead of truncate.
 
-Fri Feb 15 02:40:54 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 15 19:02:46 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (sigsetmask): check when signal semantics is not POSIX.
 
 	* signal.c (USE_TRAP_MASK): set true if sigprocmask or sigsetmask is
 	  available.
 
-Thu Feb 14 17:44:32 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/dl/ptr.c (dlmem_each_i): typo fixed.  a patch from IKOMA
-	  Yoshiki <ikoma AT mb.i-chubu.ne.jp> in [ruby-dev:33776].
-
-Thu Feb 14 16:02:51 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_utime): inhibits with secure level 2 or higher.
-
-Thu Feb 14 01:43:16 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Jun 14 16:49:41 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/timeout.rb (Timeout::timeout): made sensitive to location on the
 	  stack.  [ruby-core:15458]
 
-Thu Feb 14 00:49:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (INSTRUBY_ARGS): pass mode to install.  [ruby-dev:33766]
-
-	* instruby.rb (parse_args): added --data-mode and --prog-mode options.
-
-Tue Feb 12 11:33:26 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* test/erb/test_erb.rb(TestERBCore): import from erb-2.0.4.
+Fri Jun 13 13:14:31 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* test/erb/hello.erb: ditto
-
-Mon Feb 11 17:25:21 2008  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb (RSS::VERSION), test/rss/test_version.rb, NEWS:
-	  0.2.3 -> 0.2.4.
-
-	* lib/rss/maker.rb, lib/rss/maker/, test/rss/test_maker_2.0.rb:
-	  fixed a bug that RSS::Maker.make("0.9")'s item doesn't make some
-	  elements if description is missed.
-	  Reported by Michael Auzenne. Thanks!!!
-
-	* lib/rss/maker/0.9.rb, test/rss/test_maker_0.9.rb:
-	  RSS::Maker.make("0.9") generates RSS 0.92 not RSS 0.91.
+	* ext/dl/ptr.c (dlmem_each_i): typo fixed.  a patch from IKOMA
+Sun Jun 15 21:06:12 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Mon Feb 11 16:57:00 2008  Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA  <zn@mbf.nifty.com>
+	* class.c (clone_method): should copy cref as well.
+	  [ruby-core:15833]
 
-	* ChangeLog: format-time-string under C locale. [ruby-dev:33261]
+	  Yoshiki <ikoma@mb.i-chubu.ne.jp> in [ruby-dev:33776].
 
-Mon Feb 11 16:31:47 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
+Fri Jun 13 13:13:23 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
 
 	* gc.c (rb_newobj): prohibit call of rb_newobj() during gc.
 	  Submitted by Sylvain Joyeux [ruby-core:12099].
@@ -2907,15 +818,11 @@ Mon Feb 11 16:31:47 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
 	  [ruby-core:12099] [ ruby-bugs-11859 ] [ ruby-bugs-11882 ]
 	  [ ruby-patches-13151 ].
 
-Mon Feb 11 00:22:55 2008  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 13 12:10:13 2008  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/benchmark.rb (Job::Benchmark#item): fix typo.
 
-Sat Feb  9 23:22:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb: simplified the condition.
-
-Sat Feb  9 17:51:24 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 13 12:06:17 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c (BigDecimal_to_f): use strtod() for more
 	  precision.  [ruby-talk:290296]
@@ -2924,81 +831,18 @@ Sat Feb  9 17:51:24 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb: ditto.  [ruby-dev:33658]
 
-Sat Feb  9 00:44:52 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 13 12:01:57 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/irb.rb (IRB::Irb::eval_input): rescues Interrupt and other than
 	  SystemExit and SignalException.  [ruby-core:15359]
 
-Fri Feb  8 15:09:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (xsystem): expand macros like as make.
-
-Tue Feb  5 11:14:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (INSTALL_DIRS, install_dirs): added BINDIR.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (install_files): rejects files matching to
-	  $NONINSTALLFILES.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): defaults $NONINSTALLFILES to backup and
-	  temporary filse.
-
-Mon Feb  4 16:44:24 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (darwin): NSIG is not defined if _XOPEN_SOURCE > 500L.
-	  [ruby-dev:33584]
-
-Sat Feb  2 20:06:42 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 13 11:57:46 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/benchmark.rb (Benchmark::realtime): make Benchmark#realtime
-	  a bit faster.  a patch from Alexander Dymo <dymo AT ukrpost.ua> in
+	  a bit faster.  a patch from Alexander Dymo <dymo@ukrpost.ua> in
 	  [ruby-core:15337].
 
-Sat Feb  2 09:53:39 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (darwin): disabled fat-binary support which confuses
-	  configure much, since ``universal'' implies hidden cross-compiling.
-	  TODO: ruby and libruby.bundle might be possible to bound with `lipo'
-	  after builds for each archs.  Anyway, config.h and rbconfig.rb must
-	  be separated definitely at least.
-
-Fri Feb  1 21:42:37 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (darwin): _XOPEN_SOURCE is necessary to make ucontext_t
-	  consistent with the library implementation of MacOS X 10.5.
-	  [ruby-dev:33461]
-
-	* configure.in (darwin): ucontext on PowerPC MacOS X 10.5 is broken.
-
-Thu Jan 31 08:31:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (ext/extmk.rb, instruby.rb): inlined $(MAKE) so that can
-	  be executed even with -n.
-
-Thu Jan 31 07:00:19 2008  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb (bin_for_find): should find a symbol by
-	  Symbol class.
-
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (test_symbol_tuple): ditto.
-
-Wed Jan 30 22:07:58 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb: refined deprecated methods.
-
-Wed Jan 30 22:06:54 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_to_inum): '0_2' is a valid representation.
-
-Tue Jan 29 22:40:12 2008  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* range.c (step_i): rb_funcall receives VALUE as an argument.
-
-Tue Jan 29 11:53:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: rm largefile.h.
-
-Mon Jan 28 01:21:15 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Jun 13 11:50:59 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (rb_open_file): should check NUL in path.
 	  <http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20080125.html#c01>.
@@ -3015,245 +859,54 @@ Mon Jan 28 01:21:15 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (rb_io_s_read): ditto.
 
-Fri Jan 25 22:33:38 2008  Yusuke Endoh  <mame@tsg.ne.jp>
-
-	* math.c: fix comment.  [ruby-dev:33276]
-
-Fri Jan 25 10:31:58 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* */*.bat: set svn:mime-type to text/batch.
-
-Thu Jan 24 19:36:22 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jun 11 15:23:13 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/uri/generic.rb (URI::Generic::inspect): use Kernel#to_s instead
-	  object_id with printf.  [ruby-dev:33347]
-
-Tue Jan 22 11:22:47 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak ($(ARCH)): if a macro is appended by $(APPEND),
-	  a space will be inserted on the top of the line.
-
-	* win32/Makefile.sub (MKFILES): stop make process if Makefile is
-	  updated.
-
-Mon Jan 21 17:34:41 2008  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	 object_id with printf.  [ruby-dev:33347]
 
-	* io.c (rb_io_mode_flags, rb_io_mode_modenum): Ignore encoding
-	  options for forward compatibility.
-
-Mon Jan 21 12:50:02 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c, gc.c (setjmp): sigsetjmp is a macro on cygwin.
-
-Sat Jan 19 11:21:53 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (sigsetjmp): check if available.
-
-	* eval.c, gc.c (setjmp): do not use _setjmp if sigsetjmp is available.
-
-Sat Jan 19 11:10:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jun 11 15:00:55 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in: Remove wrong assumptions about Cygwin.  a patch from
 	  Corinna Vinschen in [ruby-Bugs-17018].
 
-Thu Jan 17 21:06:01 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb (Date::Infinity#<=>): didn't work.  A patch from
-	  Dirkjan Bussink <d.bussink AT gmail.com> [ruby-core:15098].
-	  This is a bug obviously.  However it didn't affect the library's
-	  functions.
-
-	* lib/date.rb, lib/date/format.rb: some trivial changes.
-
-Tue Jan 15 15:09:28 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/setup.mak: strip out empty lines from CPP output.
-
-Tue Jan 15 03:41:42 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Jun  9 18:09:20 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (eval): check if backtrace is empty.  [ruby-core:15040]
 
-Tue Jan 15 01:28:47 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk: simplified dummy objects dependencies.
-
-Mon Jan 14 16:12:58 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: scape should be an alias to shellescape.  a
-	  patch from Masahiro Kawato <m-kawato AT mwb.biglobe.ne.jp> in
-	  [ruby-dev:33060].
-
-Mon Jan 14 09:32:40 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/time.rb: do not reference Time directly from the inside of
-	  definitions. [ruby-dev:33059]
-
-Sat Jan 12 18:27:41 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 06:08:26 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_define_alloc_func, rb_undef_alloc_func): should
 	  define/undef on a signleton class.  [ruby-core:09959]
 
-Sat Jan 12 12:04:14 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb, lib/date/format.rb: tuning for performance.
-
-Fri Jan 11 12:35:56 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in: moved broken syscall checks from process.c etc.
-
-	* defines.h (WORDS_BIGENDIAN): honor __BIG_ENDIAN__ than the result of
-	  configure.
-
-	* dln.c: use dlopen on Mac OS X 10.3 or later.  backport from trunk.
-
-	* lib/rdoc/options.rb (check_diagram): more precise check, darwin
-	  is not Windows but minwg is on it.
-
-Thu Jan 10 10:53:50 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_open_osfhandle): reverted to old definition.
-	  [ ruby-Bugs-16948 ]
-
-Tue Jan  8 20:02:08 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win{32,ce}/Makefile.sub: merged.
-
-Sun Jan  6 09:39:02 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb, lib/date/format.rb: introduced some constants
-	  (for internal use).
-
-	* sample/cal.rb: trivial adjustments.
-
-Fri Jan  4 23:08:48 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 06:04:41 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* time.c (time_arg): use converted object.  [ruby-core:14759]
 
-Fri Jan  4 01:20:21 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32.h: only VC6 needs extern "C++" for math.h.  [ruby-talk:285660]
-
-Thu Jan  3 11:28:58 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 06:02:11 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (fptr_finalize): clear errno first.  [ruby-talk:284492]
 
-Wed Jan  2 10:18:56 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* sample/time.rb: use Process.times instead of Time.times.
-
-Wed Jan  2 09:18:11 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* sample/goodfriday.rb: examples for date are enough.  retired.
-
-Wed Jan  2 09:06:55 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* sample/cal.rb: just updated with the newest version.
-
-Mon Dec 31 06:50:38 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* trunk/common.mk: not use -I$(srcdir)/lib with $(MINIRUBY) for cross
-	  compiling.
-
-	* configure.in, {win,bcc}32/Makefile.sub (MINIRUBY): -I$(srcdir)/lib
-	  moved.
-
-Sun Dec 30 22:48:37 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date.rb (_valid_time?): I'm not sure to recommend such an
-	  expression.  but anyway it is acceptable now.  [ruby-core:14580]
-
-Fri Dec 28 16:36:33 2007  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@airemix.com>
-
-       * lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS#each_address): now returns IPv6 address.
-
-Fri Dec 28 13:21:32 2007  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb, test/rss/test_version.rb, NEWS: 0.2.2 -> 0.2.3.
-
-	* lib/rss/parser.rb, test/rss/test_parser.rb: supported "-" in tag name.
-	  Reported by Ray Chen. Thanks.
-
-Thu Dec 27 23:56:01 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* mkconfig.rb: should not use the libraries under the source directory
-	  at cross compiling.
-
-Thu Dec 27 11:02:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* intern.h, string.c (rb_str_set_len): added for upgrading path from
-	  1.8 to 1.9. [ruby-dev:32807]
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_lines, rb_str_bytes): ditto.
-
-Thu Dec 27 10:47:32 2007  Technorama Ltd.  <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c: Only show a warning if the default
-	  DH callback is actually used.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c: New method: random_add().
-
-Wed Dec 26 22:27:45 2007  NARUSE, Yui <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::Name.==): fix for other is array of
-	  Resolv::DNS::Label::Str.
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::DNS::MessageEncoder#put_label): String#string
-	  is not defined, so replace to_s.
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb (Resolv::IPv6#to_name): ip6.int is obsoleted by
-	  int.arpa.
-
-Mon Dec 24 16:18:57 2007  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/ri_options.rb:  Fix ri --help listing of gem ri paths.
-	  Merge of r14567 and r14569 from trunk.
-
-	* lib/rdoc/ri/ri_paths.rb:  Fix duplication of ri data for multiple
-	  gems.  Merge of r14567 from trunk
-
-Mon Dec 24 12:35:03 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win{32,ce}/Makefile.sub (MFLAGS): defaulted to -l.
-
-Mon Dec 24 11:56:31 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* {bcc32,win{32,ce}}/Makefile.sub (SET_MAKE): set MFLAGS which is not
-	  set by default, to get rid of chaotic situation of MFLAGS/MAKEFLAGS.
-
-Sat Dec 22 14:49:46 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:59:36 2008  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
 
 	* lib/date.rb: don't freeze nil even if 1.8 will not be aware of
 	  the issue. [ruby-dev:32677]
 
-Wed Dec 19 13:57:43 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:54:44 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (TIMEZONE_VOID): check whether timezone requires zero
 	  arguments.  [ruby-dev:32631]
 
-Wed Dec 19 12:01:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:37:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (f_rest_arg): check if duplicated.  [ruby-core:14140]
 
-Wed Dec 19 10:52:29 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_to_inum): an underscore succeeding after octal
-	  prefix is allowed.  [ruby-core:14139]
-
-Mon Dec 17 13:43:15 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:32:45 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* gc.c (stack_end_address): use local variable address instead of
-	  __builtin_frame_address(0) to avoid SEGV on SunOS 5.11 on x86 with
+	  __builtin_frame_address(0) to avoid SEGV on SunOS 5.11 on x86 with 
 	  gcc (GCC) 3.4.3 (csl-sol210-3_4-20050802).
-	  stack_end_address returned a frame address of garbage_collect
-	  since stack_end_address doesn't create its own frame.
-	  So a VALUE stored in a callee saved register, %edi, pushed into
-	  the stack at the beginning of garbage_collect was not marked.
-
-Mon Dec 17 12:21:25 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* Makefile.in (RUNRUBY): added RUNRUBYOPT.
-
-Fri Dec 14 12:36:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:24:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE): check if a variable is defined
 	  and its type.
@@ -3267,264 +920,98 @@ Fri Dec 14 12:36:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* ext/readline/extconf.rb: should use have_func for functions instead
 	  of have_var.
 
-Tue Dec 11 00:04:05 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_slice_bang): If an invalid negative index (<
-	  -size) is given, do not raise an exception but return nil just
-	  like slice() does.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_array.rb (TestArray::test_slice,
-	  TestArray::test_slice!): Pull in test cases from trunk.
-
-Mon Dec 10 21:47:53 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* transcode.c (str_transcode): allow non-registered encodings.
-	  [ruby-dev:32520]
-
-Mon Dec 10 21:00:30 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_slice_bang): should return nil if position out
-	  of range.  a patch from Akinori MUSHA <knu AT iDaemons.org>.
-	  [ruby-dev:32518]
-
-Mon Dec 10 18:28:06 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/common.rb (URI::REGEXP::PATTERN): typo in REG_NAME
-	  regular expression.  a patch from Ueda Satoshi
-	  <s-ueda AT livedoor.jp>.  [ruby-dev:32514]
-
-Sun Dec  9 12:39:01 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:08:35 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/cgi.rb (read_multipart): exclude blanks from header values.
 	  [ruby-list:44327]
 
-Wed Dec  5 23:38:50 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (range_each): followed step_i change.
-
-Wed Dec  5 18:08:45 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_odd_p): new method Integer#odd?.
-	  (int_even_p): new method Integer#even?.
-	  (int_pred): new method Integer#pred.
-	  (fix_odd_p): new method Fixnum#odd?.
-	  (fix_even_p): new method Fixnum#even?.
-
-Wed Dec  5 15:15:21 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* range.c (step_i, range_step): support non-fixnum steps.
-	  [ruby-talk:282100]
-
-Tue Dec  4 11:23:50 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 05:02:25 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_to_inum): trailing spaces may exist at sqeezing
 	  preceeding 0s.  [ruby-core:13873]
 
-Sun Dec  2 22:43:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 04:58:05 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (error_print): put newline unless multiple line message ends
 	  with a newline.  [ruby-dev:32429]
 
-Sun Dec  2 15:49:20 2007  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb, test/rss/test_version.rb, NEWS: 0.2.1 -> 0.2.2.
-
-	* lib/rss/maker/itunes.rb: fixed new_itunes_category.
-	* lib/rss/maker/taxonomy.rb: new_taxo_topic -> new_topic because
-	  of consistency.
-
-	* test/rss/test_maker_itunes.rb, test/rss/test_itunes.rb: removed
-	  needless UTF-8 characters.
-
-Sun Dec  2 01:12:15 2007  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 04:55:26 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	Merged 14070 from trunk.
-
+	
 	* lib/xmlrpc/server.rb (XMLRPC::Server#server): Improve signal handling so
 	  pressing control-c in the controlling terminal or sending SIGTERM stops
 	  the XML-RPC server.
 
-Sat Dec  1 15:13:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/resolv.rb: documentation update.  backported from 1.9.
-	  [ruby-core:13273]
-
-Sat Dec  1 03:30:47 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 04:49:43 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (newline_node): set line from outermost node before removing
 	  NODE_BEGIN.  [ruby-dev:32406]
 
-Fri Nov 30 21:53:28 2007  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rss/rss.rb, test/rss/test_version.rb: 0.2.0 -> 0.2.1.
-
-	* lib/rss/content.rb, lib/rss/content/1.0.rb,
-	  lib/rss/content/2.0.rb, lib/rss/maker/content.rb,
-	  test/rss/rss-testcase.rb, test/rss/test_content.rb,
-	  test/rss/test_maker_content.rb: supported content:encoded with RSS
-	  2.0.
-	  Suggested by Sam Lown. Thanks.
-
-	* NEWS: added the above changes.
-
-Thu Nov 29 16:59:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 04:37:34 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (stmt): remove unnecessary NODE_BEGIN.  [ruby-core:13814]
 
-Wed Nov 28 14:43:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb (extract_makefile): use dldflags instead of DLDFLAGS to
-	  get rid of mixing $LDFLAGS and $ARCH_FLAG.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): ditto.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): support for extensions which has no
-	  shared object.
-
-Wed Nov 28 09:51:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big2str0): do not clobber space for sign.
-
-	* sprintf.c (remove_sign_bits): extends sign bit first.
-
-Wed Nov 21 01:04:12 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* object.c (nil_plus): remove unused function.  [ruby-core:13737]
-
-Sun Nov 18 14:03:44 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 04:16:35 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_alias): do not call hook functions until initialization
 	  finishes.  [ruby-talk:279538]
 
-Sun Nov 18 09:09:48 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (String#tr_cpp): make preprocessor identifiers.
-
-Sat Nov 17 13:58:11 2007  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Sun Jun  8 04:14:16 2008  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
 	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_invoke): bug fix. [ruby-talk:279100]
 
-Fri Nov 16 17:41:34 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (Document-class): moved the simplest example to
-	  the top.
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_s_iconv): Document-method: needs class
-	  prefix for class method.  [ruby-core:13542]
-
-	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_iconv): also instance method needs to be
-	  qualified.
-
-Fri Nov 16 11:16:41 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/yaml/rubytypes.rb (String#is_binary_data?): use Integer#fdiv.
-
-Thu Nov 15 19:50:46 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:59:31 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/curses/extconf.rb: check macro if cannot find func.
 	  [ruby-list:44224]
 
-Thu Nov 15 12:19:14 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:52:53 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/cgi/session.rb (CGI::Session::FileStore::restore): use
 	  lockfile for exclusive locks.  a patch from <tommy AT tmtm.org>.
 	  [ruby-dev:32296]
 
-Wed Nov 14 01:52:59 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:49:15 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* missing/isinf.c (isinf): don't define if the macro is defined.
 
-Wed Nov 14 01:34:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:42:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (round): fallback definition.
 
 	* numeric.c (flo_divmod, flo_round): use round() always.
 	  [ruby-dev:32269]
 
-Tue Nov 13 22:02:23 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb: remove Thread.exclusive.
-
-	* lib/drb/extservm.rb: ditto.
-
-Tue Nov 13 16:33:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:42:10 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (flodivmod): work around for infinity.
 
 	* numeric.c (flo_divmod): work around for platforms have no round().
 	  [ruby-dev:32247]
 
-Tue Nov 13 13:58:51 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (numeric.c): Integer#ord implemented.  [ruby-dev:32206]
-
-Tue Nov 13 02:57:04 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
+Sun Jun  8 03:42:10 2008  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
 
 	* numeric.c (flo_divmod): round to the nearest integer.
 	  [ ruby-Bugs-14540 ]
 
-Mon Nov 12 16:52:29 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): rdoc about srcprefix.  a patch from
-	  Daniel Berger <djberg96 AT gmail.com> in [ruby-core:13378].
-
-Mon Nov 12 13:53:06 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-parse-partial): handle stringified
-	  symbols properly using ruby-forward-string.
-
-Mon Nov 12 12:38:31 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* Makefile.in (lex.c): don't remove lex.c at first.
-
-Fri Nov  9 07:26:04 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* random.c: update MT URL.[ruby-core:13305].
-
-Wed Nov  7 03:32:38 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:28:53 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/rexml/encodings/SHIFT-JIS.rb (REXML::Encoding): place -x for
 	  nkf conversion.  a patch from <moonwolf AT moonwolf.com>.
 	  [ruby-dev:32183]
 
-Mon Nov  5 05:17:04 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 03:07:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::Switch::summarize): fix for long form
 	  option with very long argument.  a patch from Kobayashi Noritada
 	  <nori1 AT dolphin.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp> in [ruby-list:44179].
 
-Mon Nov  5 01:20:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (call_args): remove "parenthesize argument(s) for future
-	  version" warning.  when I added this warning, I had a plan to
-	  reimplement the parser that is simpler than the current one.
-	  since we abandoned the plan, warning no longer required.
-
-Fri Nov  2 00:13:51 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_assoc): check and convert inner arrays (assocs)
-	  using #to_ary.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_s_create): check and convert argument hash
-	  using #to_hash.
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_s_create): Hash#[] now takes assocs as source of
-	  hash conversion.
-
-Thu Nov  1 23:47:43 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/drb/drb.rb (DRbTCPSocket): Improving with multiple network
-	  interface.
-
-	* test/drb/drbtest.rb: ditto.
-
-Fri Oct 26 17:14:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (fix_pow): returns 1.0 for 0**0.0.
+Sun Jun  8 03:04:38 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (fix_pow): returns infinity for 0**-1.  [ruby-dev:32084]
 
-Wed Oct 25 07:18:09 2007  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 02:58:19 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	Merged 13781 from trunk.
 
@@ -3538,11 +1025,11 @@ Wed Oct 25 06:46:21 2007  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 	* lib/net/telnet.rb (Net::Telnet#login): Making the password prompt
 	  pattern case insensitive. [ruby-Bugs-10746]
 
-Thu Oct 25 14:19:33 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 02:55:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (rb_io_tell, rb_io_seek): check errno too.  [ruby-dev:32093]
 
-Wed Oct 25 08:03:53 2007  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:53:50 2008  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	Merged 13767, 13768, 13769, and 13770 from trunk.
 
@@ -3559,125 +1046,37 @@ Wed Oct 25 08:03:53 2007  James Edward Gray II  <jeg2@ruby-lang.org>
 	* lib/xmlrpc/utils.rb (XMLRPC::ParseContentType#parse_content_type):
 	  Making Content-Type checks case insensitive. [ruby-Bugs-3367]
 
-Sun Oct 21 21:16:43 2007  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
-
-	* lib/rss.rb, lib/rss/, test/rss/, sample/rss/: merged from trunk.
-	- 0.1.6 -> 2.0.0.
-	- fixed image module URI. Thanks to Dmitry Borodaenko.
-	- supported Atom.
-	- supported ITunes module.
-	- supported Slash module.
-
-	* NEWS: added an entry for RSS Parser.
-
-Thu Oct 18 10:57:06 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ruby.h (RCLASS_IV_TBL): defined.
-	  (RCLASS_M_TBL): ditto.
-	  (RCLASS_SUPER): ditto.
-	  (RMODULE_IV_TBL): ditto.
-	  (RMODULE_M_TBL): ditto.
-	  (RMODULE_SUPER): ditto.
-
-Mon Oct 15 22:08:55 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Merge some of the sub-sections, as the differences were
-	  unclear.
-
-Mon Oct 15 21:57:07 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Mention ipaddr enhancements.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (in_addr, in6_addr, addr_mask): Make some minor
-	  code optimization.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (<=>): Implement IPAddr#<=> and make IPAddr
-	  comparable.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (succ): Implement IPAddr#succ.  You can now create
-	  a range between two IPAddr's, which (Range) object is
-	  enumerable.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (to_range): A new method to create a Range object
-	  for the (network) address.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (coerce_other): Support type coercion and make &,
-	  |, == and include? accept a string or an integer instead of an
-	  IPAddr object as the argument.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb (initialize): Give better error messages.
-
-	* lib/ipaddr.rb: Improve documentation.
-
-Mon Oct 15 21:24:25 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Mention shellwords and tempfile enhancements.
-
-	* NEWS: Move the entry about Tk::X_Scrollable to a better section.
-
-Mon Oct 15 17:28:20 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/buffering.rb (read, readpartial): revert
-	  r12496. handling EOF is a little differnt in ruby 1.8 and ruby 1.9.
-	  [ruby-dev:31979]
-
-Mon Oct 15 11:45:12 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:50:07 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (r_bytes0): refined length check.  [ruby-dev:32059]
 
-Mon Oct 15 09:58:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:50:07 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* marshal.c (r_bytes0): check if source has enough data.
 	  [ruby-dev:32054]
 
-Mon Oct 15 01:15:09 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:41:19 2008  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
 
 	* ext/socket/socket.c (s_accept_nonblock): make accepted fd
 	  nonblocking.  [ruby-talk:274079]
 
-Sun Oct 14 04:08:34 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:36:26 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (AC_SYS_LARGEFILE): keep results also in command
 	  options, to vail out of mismatch.  [ruby-list:44114]
 
 	* mkconfig.rb, lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): add DEFS.
 
-Sun Oct 14 03:55:52 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:31:17 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/mkexports.rb: deal with __fastcall name decorations.
 	  [ruby-list:44111]
 
-Sat Oct 13 09:02:16 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:27:06 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* {bcc,win}32/mkexports.rb: explicit data.  [ruby-list:44108]
 
-Sat Oct 13 00:35:03 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rexml/source.rb (REXML::SourceFactory::SourceFactory): typo
-	  fixed.  [ruby-list:44099]
-
-Fri Oct 12 11:22:15 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* re.c (match_values_at): make #select to be alias to #values_at
-	  to adapt RDoc description.  [ruby-core:12588]
-
-Thu Oct 11 14:32:46 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* {bcc32,win32}/Makefile.sub (COMMON_MACROS): workaround for old SDK's
-	  bug. [ruby-core:12584]
-
-Wed Oct 10 23:34:45 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/securerandom.rb: new file.  [ruby-dev:31928]
-
-	* lib/cgi/session.rb (create_new_id): use securerandom if available.
-
-Tue Oct  9 01:01:55 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* re.c (rb_reg_s_union_m): Regexp.union accepts single
-	  argument which is an array of patterns.  [ruby-list:44084]
-
-Mon Oct  8 20:06:23 2007  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
+Sun Jun  8 01:15:50 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
 	* lib/net/http.rb, lib/open-uri.rb: remove
 	  Net::HTTP#enable_post_connection_check.  [ruby-dev:31960]
@@ -3687,40 +1086,12 @@ Mon Oct  8 20:06:23 2007  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/lib/net/telnets.rb, ext/openssl/lib/net/ftptls.rb: ditto.
 
-Sat Oct  6 23:14:54 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_to_i): update RDoc since base can be any value
-	  between 2 and 36.  [ruby-talk:272879]
-
-Fri Oct  5 15:44:50 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Add shellescape() and shelljoin().
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Rename shellwords() to shellsplit() and make
-	  the former an alias to the latter.
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Add escape(), split(), join() as class
-	  methods, which are aliases to their respective long names
-	  prefixed with `shell'.
-
-	* lib/shellwords.rb: Add String#shellescape(), String#shellsplit()
-	  and Array#shelljoin() for convenience.
-
-Fri Oct  5 15:40:04 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile::make_tmpname): Allow to specify a
-	  suffix for a temporary file name.
-
-	* lib/tempfile.rb (Tempfile::make_tmpname): Make temporary file
-	  names less predictable by including a random string.
-	  [inspired by: akr]
-
-Tue Oct  2 21:20:14 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jun  5 16:21:16 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (make_cmdvector): adjust escaped successive
 	  double-quote handling. (merge from trunk)
 
-Tue Oct  2 20:35:24 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jun  5 12:26:45 2008  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (init_env): initialize HOME and USER environment
 	  variables unless set. [ruby-core:12328] (merge from trunk)
@@ -3730,254 +1101,219 @@ Tue Oct  2 20:35:24 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 	* configure.in, win32/Makefile.sub (LIBS): need to link shell32
 	  library for SH* functions on mswin32 and mingw32.
 
-Mon Oct  1 12:50:59 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jun  5 12:22:28 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* gc.c (id2ref): valid id should not refer T_VALUE nor T_ICLASS.
 	  [ruby-dev:31911]
 
-Wed Sep 26 23:54:37 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake), lib/mkmf.rb (configuration): top_srcdir
-	  should not prefixed with DESTDIR.
-
-Wed Sep 26 08:36:31 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Jun  4 16:41:19 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* Makefile.in (ext/extinit.o): use $(OUTFLAG) as well as other
 	  objects.  [ruby-Bugs-14228]
 
-Wed Sep 26 05:12:17 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jun  3 16:15:27 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yyerror): limit error message length.  [ruby-dev:31848]
 
 	* regex.c (re_mbc_startpos): separated from re_adjust_startpos.
 
-Tue Sep 25 13:47:38 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jun  3 15:45:00 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (os_obj_of, os_each_obj): hide objects to be finalized.
+	  [ruby-dev:31810]
+
+Wed Jun  4 19:16:40 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (remove_method): should not remove undef place holder.
 	  [ruby-dev:31817]
 
-Mon Sep 24 16:52:11 2007  Urabe Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue Jun  3 15:22:47 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/net/http.rb: fix typo.
+	* process.c (struct rb_exec_arg): proc should be a VALUE.
 
-Sun Sep 23 21:57:25 2007  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
+	* process.c (rb_f_exec): suppress a warning.
 
-	* lib/net/http.rb: an SSL verification (the server hostname should
-	  be matched with its certificate's commonName) is added.
-	  this verification can be skipped by
-	  "Net::HTTP#enable_post_connection_check=(false)".
-	  suggested by Chris Clark <cclark at isecpartners.com>
+       * process.c (rb_detach_process): cast for the platforms where size of
+         pointer differs from size of int.
 
-	* lib/net/open-uri.rb: use Net::HTTP#enable_post_connection_check to
-	  perform SSL post connection check.
+       * process.c (rb_f_exec, rb_f_system): should not exceptions after
+         fork.  [ruby-core:08262]
 
-	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.c
-	  (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#post_connection_check): refine error message.
+Wed May 21 01:32:56 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
-Sun Sep 23 09:05:05 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: should normalize path
+	  name in path_info to prevent script disclosure vulnerability on
+	  DOSISH filesystems. (fix: CVE-2008-1891)
+	  Note: NTFS/FAT filesystem should not be published by the platforms
+	  other than Windows. Pathname interpretation (including short
+	  filename) is less than perfect.
 
-	* gc.c (os_obj_of, os_each_obj): hide objects to be finalized.
-	  [ruby-dev:31810]
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/abstract.rb
+	  (WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstracServlet#redirect_to_directory_uri):
+	  should escape the value of Location: header.
 
-Sun Sep 23 08:58:01 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/cgi_runner.rb: accept interpreter
+	  command line arguments.
 
-	* eval_method.ci (rb_attr): should not use alloca for unknowen size
-	  input.  [ruby-dev:31816]
+Sun May 18 01:57:44 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* parse.y (rb_intern_str): prevent str from optimization.
+	* file.c (isdirsep): backslash is valid path separator on cygwin too.
+	  backported from 1.8 HEAD.
 
-Sun Sep 23 05:42:35 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat May 17 23:53:57 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/rdoc/options.rb (Options::check_diagram): dot -V output
-	  changed. [ ruby-Bugs-11978 ], Thanks Florian Frank.
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): fix for short file name on Cygwin.
 
-Sat Sep 22 06:02:11 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat May 17 23:50:29 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/optparse.rb (OptionParser::List::summarize): use each_line if
-	  defined rather than each.  [ruby-Patches-14096]
+	* file.c (OpenFile): prevent conflict on Windows.
 
-Sat Sep 22 05:19:49 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* file.c (USE_NTFS): fixed merge miss.
 
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_init): separate from strio_initialize
-	  to share with strio_reopen properly.  [ruby-Bugs-13919]
+Sat May 17 12:36:46 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Fri Sep 21 15:46:20 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): rb_str_set_len is not backported.
 
-	* process.c (struct rb_exec_arg): proc should be a VALUE.
+Sat May 17 12:15:48 2008  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* process.c (rb_f_exec): suppress a warning.
+	* file.c (file_expand_path): support for alternative data stream
+	  and ignored trailing garbages of NTFS.
 
-Fri Sep 21 03:05:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_basename): ditto.
 
-	* eval.c, intern.h, ext/thread/thread.c: should not free queue while
-	  any live threads are waiting.  [ruby-dev:30653]
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_extname): ditto.
 
-Thu Sep 20 17:24:59 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat May 17 10:18:44 2008  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* process.c (rb_detach_process): cast for the platforms where size of
-	  pointer differs from size of int.
+	* re.c (rb_reg_search): need to free allocated buffer in re_register.
 
-	* process.c (rb_f_exec, rb_f_system): should not exceptions after
-	  fork.  [ruby-core:08262]
+Mon Mar  3 23:34:13 2008  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
-Fri Sep 14 00:34:25 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: should normalize path
+	  separators in path_info to prevent directory traversal attacks
+	  on DOSISH platforms.
+	  reported by Digital Security Research Group [DSECRG-08-026].
 
-	* lib/drb/extservm.rb (invoke_service): use Thread.exclusive instead of
-	  Thread.critical
+	* lib/webrick/httpservlet/filehandler.rb: pathnames which have
+	  not to be published should be checked case-insensitively.
 
-Wed Sep 12 23:12:22 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Dec  3 08:13:52 2007  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 
-	* ruby.c (proc_options): -W should be allowed in RUBYOPT
-	  environment variable.  [ruby-core:12118]
+	* test/rss/test_taxonomy.rb, test/rss/test_parser_1.0.rb,
+	  test/rss/test_image.rb, test/rss/rss-testcase.rb: ensured
+	  declaring XML namespaces.
 
-Mon Sep 10 01:05:25 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Sep 23 21:57:25 2007  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>  
 
-	* range.c (range_step): fixed integer overflow.  [ruby-dev:31763]
+	* lib/net/http.rb: an SSL verification (the server hostname should
+	  be matched with its certificate's commonName) is added.
+	  this verification can be skipped by
+	  "Net::HTTP#enable_post_connection_check=(false)".
+	  suggested by Chris Clark <cclark at isecpartners.com>
 
-Sun Sep  9 09:14:45 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+	* lib/net/open-uri.rb: use Net::HTTP#enable_post_connection_check to
+	  perform SSL post connection check.
 
-	* lib/date/format.rb (_strptime): now also attaches an element
-	  which denotes leftover substring if exists.
+	* ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.c
+	  (OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#post_connection_check): refine error message.
 
-Sat Sep  8 10:22:20 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Sep 23 07:49:49 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* struct.c (rb_struct_s_members): should raise TypeError instead
-	  of call rb_bug().  [ruby-dev:31709]
+	* eval.c, intern.h, ext/thread/thread.c: should not free queue while
+	  any live threads are waiting.  [ruby-dev:30653]
 
-	* marshal.c (r_object0): no nil check require any more.
+Sun Sep 23 06:05:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sat Sep  8 09:38:19 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_init): separate from strio_initialize
+	  to share with strio_reopen properly.  [ruby-Bugs-13919]
 
-	* lib/date/format.rb (str[fp]time): now check specifications more
-	  strictly.
+Sun Sep 23 05:42:35 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Fri Sep  7 05:36:19 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+	* lib/rdoc/options.rb (Options::check_diagram): dot -V output
+	  changed. [ ruby-Bugs-11978 ], Thanks Florian Frank.
 
-	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb (MockClock): correct synchronous problems
-	  of the MultiThreading. [ruby-dev:31692]
+Wed Sep 19 11:13:07 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Wed Sep  5 22:02:27 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+	* bignum.c (bigtrunc): RBIGNUM(x)->len may be zero.  out of bound
+	  access.  [ruby-dev:31404]
 
-	* array.c (rb_ary_subseq): need integer overflow check.
-	  [ruby-dev:31736]
+Mon Sep 17 05:24:13 2007  Sylvain Joyeux <sylvain.joyeux@m4x.org>
 
-	* array.c (rb_ary_splice): ditto.  [ruby-dev:31737]
+	* ext/thread/thread.c (lock_mutex): should take care of threads
+	  not waiting any longer; there cases of a thread raising
+	  exceptions. [ ruby-Bugs-11901 ]
 
-	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): ditto.  [ruby-dev:31738]
+	* test/thread/test_thread.rb (test_mutex_exception_handling):
+	  test for above.
 
-	* string.c (rb_str_splice): integer overflow for length.
-	  [ruby-dev:31739]
+Mon Sep 17 05:01:55 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sun Sep  2 00:48:15 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+	* runruby.rb: fix incomplete backport r12339.
 
-	* lib/date/format.rb (_parse): improved parsing of ordinal dates.
+Mon Sep 17 04:56:28 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/date/format.rb (_parse): use named character classes in some
-	  regular expressions.
+	* test/thread/test_thread.rb (test_local_barrier),
+	  test/thread/lbtest.rb: test for [ruby-dev:30653].
 
-Sat Sep  1 08:13:36 2007  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Mon Sep 17 04:52:21 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c: add WIN32OLE#ole_activex_initialize.
+	* ruby.c (proc_options): -W should be allowed in RUBYOPT
+	  environment variable.  [ruby-core:12118]
 
-Thu Aug 30 13:13:13 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Sep 17 04:37:10 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (try_const, have_const): check for a const is defined.
-	  [ruby-core:04422]
+	* range.c (range_step): fixed integer overflow.  [ruby-dev:31763]
 
-Thu Aug 30 13:10:57 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Sep  7 17:06:16 2007  Vincent Isambart <vincent.isambart@gmail.com>
 
-	* configure.in (group_member): check if presents.
+	* eval.c (rb_thread_start_0): should unset time_thread_alive_p.
+	  [ruby-talk:257219], [ruby-core:11542], [ruby-dev:31253]
 
-	* configure.in (XCFLAGS): add _GNU_SOURCE on linux.
+Fri Sep  7 16:39:23 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* file.c (group_member): use system routine if available.
+	* array.c (rb_ary_subseq): need integer overflow check.
+	  [ruby-dev:31736]
 
-Thu Aug 30 08:24:18 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
+	* array.c (rb_ary_splice): ditto.  [ruby-dev:31737]
 
-	* ruby.h (RHASH_TBL): defined for compatibility to 1.9.
-	* (RHASH_ITER_LEV): ditto.
-	* (RHASH_IFNONE): ditto.
-	* (RHASH_SIZE): ditto.
-	* (RHASH_EMPTY_P): ditto.
+	* array.c (rb_ary_fill): ditto.  [ruby-dev:31738]
 
-Wed Aug 29 13:05:59 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+	* string.c (rb_str_splice): integer overflow for length.
+	  [ruby-dev:31739]
+
+Fri Sep  7 16:33:23 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* include/ruby/defines.h (flush_register_windows): call "ta 0x03"
 	  even on Linux/Sparc.  [ruby-dev:31674]
 
-Tue Aug 28 23:26:12 2007  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
+Fri Sep  7 16:09:39 2007  Masaki Suketa  <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_type_progid, reg_enum_key,
-	  reg_get_val, ole_wc2mb): fix the bug. Thanks, arton.
+	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_type_progid, reg_enum_key, 
+	  reg_get_val, ole_wc2mb): fix the bug. Thanks, arton. 
 	  [ruby-dev:31576]
 
-Mon Aug 27 19:10:50 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/etc/etc.c (etc_getlogin): update documentation to note
-	  security issue.  [ruby-Bugs-11821]
-
-Tue Aug 21 21:09:48 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir.mktmpdir): make directory suffix specifiable.
-
-Tue Aug 21 13:57:04 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (st_foreach_func, rb_foreach_func): typedefed.
-
-Mon Aug 20 17:25:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Sep  7 15:50:50 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (mnew): should preserve noex as safe_level.
 
 	* eval.c (rb_call0): tighten security check condition..
 
-Sat Aug 18 21:32:20 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/tmpdir.rb (Dir.mktmpdir): new method.
-	  [ruby-dev:31462]
-
-Sat Aug 18 17:44:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Sep  7 15:43:43 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (Init_tcltklib): use rb_set_end_proc().
 
-Sat Aug 18 15:59:52 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Sep  7 15:42:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* process.c (detach_process_watcher): should not pass the pointer
 	  to an auto variable to the thread to be created.  pointed and
 	  fix by KUBO Takehiro <kubo at jiubao.org>  [ruby-dev:30618]
 
-Sat Aug 18 12:24:30 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Fri Sep  7 15:40:47 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sample/test.rb, test/ruby/test_system.rb(valid_syntax?): keep
 	  comment lines first.
 
-Thu Aug 16 20:40:50 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigtrunc): RBIGNUM(x)->len may be zero.  out of bound
-	  access.  [ruby-dev:31404]
-
-Thu Aug 16 16:46:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (aix): enable shared by default.
-
-	* configure.in (aix): for 64bit-mode AIX.  [ruby-dev:31401]
-	  + use CC for LDSHARED if non-gcc,
-	  + moved -G option from *LDFLAGS to LDSHARED,
-	  + set -brtl only in XLDFLAGS.
-
-Thu Aug 16 13:06:08 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (big_lshift): make shift offset long type.
-	  (big_rshift): ditto.
-	  (rb_big_lshift): ditto.
-	  (big_rshift): ditto.
-	  [ruby-dev:31434]
-
-Thu Aug 16 04:09:19 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb (Rinda::TupleSpace#start_keeper): improve
-	  keeper thread.
-
-Wed Aug 15 13:50:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 12:40:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* hash.c (rb_hash_delete_key): delete the entry without calling block.
 
@@ -3989,36 +1325,24 @@ Wed Aug 15 13:50:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 Sun Arg 12 03:56:30 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 
 	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb: fix Rinda::TupleSpace keeper thread bug.
-	  the thread is started too early. [ruby-talk:264062]
+	  the thread is started too early. [ruby-talk:264062] 
 
 	* test/rinda/test_rinda.rb: ditto.
 
-Sat Aug 11 07:34:10 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb: reverted some wrongly erased "o" options
-	  (pointed out by nobu).
-
-Tue Aug  7 14:58:39 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (establishShell): handshaking before close slave
-	  device.  [ruby-talk:263410]
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (MasterDevice, SlaveDevice, deviceNo): constified.
-
-	* ext/pty/pty.c (SlaveName): removed static buffer.
-
-	* ext/pty/expect_sample.rb: support for autologin.
-
-Tue Aug  7 12:45:13 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 12:31:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_isinf): set yes also on OpenSolaris.
 	  [ruby-Bugs-12859]
 
-Mon Aug  6 17:36:29 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 12:30:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/rexml/encodings/{ISO-8859-15,CP-1252}.rb: fixed invalid syntax.
 
-Fri Aug  3 11:05:54 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 12:29:36 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
+
+	* lib/README: fixed a typo.
+
+Wed Aug 22 12:13:54 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/extmk.rb (extmake): save all CONFIG values.
 
@@ -4028,37 +1352,20 @@ Fri Aug  3 11:05:54 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* ext/extmk.rb: remove rdoc at clean, and installed list file at
 	  distclean, respectively.
 
-Fri Aug  3 07:09:05 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb: more verbose message.  [ruby-Bugs-12766]
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (have_type): suppress a warning with -Wall.
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (find_type): new method.
-
-Thu Aug  2 13:46:39 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 11:49:00 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): should not check positional number as
 	  width.  [ruby-core:11838]
 
-Mon Jul 30 11:16:40 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 11:47:11 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_big_aref): check for Bignum index range.
-	  [ruby-dev:31271]
-
-Sat Jul 28 09:35:41 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/digest/lib/digest.rb (Digest::self.const_missing): avoid
-	  infinite recursive const_missing call.  [ruby-talk:262193]
+	 [ruby-dev:31271]
 
-Thu Jul 26 13:57:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* dln.c (load_1, dln_find_1): constified.
+Wed Aug 22 11:41:44 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* dln.c (conv_to_posix_path): removed.
 
-	* ruby.c (usage): constified.
-
 	* ruby.c (rubylib_mangled_path, rubylib_mangled_path2): return
 	  VALUE instead of a pointer to static buffer.
 
@@ -4067,77 +1374,26 @@ Thu Jul 26 13:57:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ruby.c (ruby_init_loadpath): not convert built-in paths.
 
-Sun Jul 22 16:07:12 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 11:39:31 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* intern.h (is_ruby_native_thread): removed since declared as an int
 	  function in ruby.h already.
 
-Sun Jul 22 14:33:40 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_rename): deleted code to get rid of a bug of
-	  old Cygwin.
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_truncate): added prototype of GetLastError()
-	  on cygwin.  [ruby-dev:31239]
-
-	* intern.h (is_ruby_native_thread): prototype.
-
-	* missing/strftime.c (strftime): fix printf format and actual
-	  arguments.
-
-	* ext/Win32API/Win32API.c (Win32API_initialize): ditto.
-
-	* ext/tk/tcltklib.c (ip_finalize): ditto.
-
-	* ext/dl/ptr.c (rb_dlptr_inspect): ditto.  [ruby-dev:31268]
-
-	* ext/dl/sym.c (rb_dlsym_inspect): ditto.
-
-	* ext/socket/getnameinfo.c: include stdio.h always.
-
-	* ext/win32ole/win32ole.c (ole_hresult2msg, folevariable_name,
-	  folevariable_ole_type, folevariable_ole_type_detail,
-	  folevariable_value, folemethod_visible): missing return value.
-
-Sat Jul 21 17:48:26 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (create_makefile): make OBJS depend on RUBY_EXTCONF_H
-	  only if extconf.h is created.
-
-	* bcc32/{Makefile.sub,configure.bat,setup.mak: configure_args
-	  support.
-
-	* bcc32/setup.mak: check runtime version.
-
-	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_open_osfhandle): prototype has changed
-	  in bcc 5.82.
-
-	* {win32,wince,bcc32}/setup.mak (-version-): no RUBY_EXTERN magic.
-
-	* win32/resource.rb: include patchlevel number.
-
-Sat Jul 21 12:06:48 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 11:00:20 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/mkmf.rb (init_mkmf): should remove mkmf.log too.
 
-Sat Jul 21 01:53:17 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (Date._parse): completes calendar week based year.
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (Date._parse): detects year of ordinal date in
-	  extended format.
-
-Fri Jul 20 15:22:51 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:57:50 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_config.c (ossl_config_set_section): do not
 	  initialize aggregations with dynamic values.  [ruby-talk:259306]
 
-Thu Jul 19 19:24:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:55:00 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (get_backtrace): check the result more.
 	  [ruby-dev:31261] [ruby-bugs-12398]
 
-Thu Jul 19 14:38:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:36:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_big_lshift, rb_big_rshift): separated functions
 	  to get rid of infinite recursion.  fixed calculation in edge
@@ -4145,48 +1401,35 @@ Thu Jul 19 14:38:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (rb_fix_lshift, rb_fix_rshift): ditto.
 
-Wed Jul 18 16:57:41 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:29:45 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): refine overflow check.  [ruby-dev:31242]
 
-Wed Jul 18 08:47:09 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:26:59 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* time.c (time_succ): Time#succ should return a time object in the
 	  same timezone mode to the original.  [ruby-talk:260256]
 
-Tue Jul 17 00:50:53 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:24:00 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* numeric.c (fix_pow): integer power calculation: 0**n => 0,
+	* numeric.c (fix_pow): integer power calculation: 0**n => 0, 
 	  1**n => 1, -1**n => 1 (n: even) / -1 (n: odd).
 
 	* test/ruby/test_fixnum.rb (TestFixnum::test_pow): update test
 	  suite.  pow(-3, 2^64) gives NaN when pow(3, 2^64) gives Inf.
 
-Mon Jul 16 23:07:51 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:23:01 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/base64.rb (Base64::b64encode): should not specify /o option
 	  for regular expression.  [ruby-dev:31221]
 
-Mon Jul 16 18:29:33 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* string.c (rb_str_rindex_m): accept string-like object convertible
-	  with #to_str method, as well as rb_str_index_m.  [ruby-core:11692]
-
-Mon Jul 16 05:45:53 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:20:32 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): more checks for format argument.
 	  [ruby-core:11569], [ruby-core:11570], [ruby-core:11571],
 	  [ruby-core:11573]
 
-Mon Jul 16 00:26:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): removed invariant variable.  [ruby-dev:31236]
-
-Sun Jul 15 23:59:57 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_neg): SIGNED_VALUE isn't in 1.8.
-
-Sun Jul 15 22:24:49 2007  pegacorn  <subscriber.jp AT gmail.com>
+Wed Aug 22 10:13:45 2007  pegacorn  <subscriber.jp AT gmail.com>
 
 	* ext/digest/digest.c (rb_digest_instance_update,
 	  rb_digest_instance_finish, rb_digest_instance_reset,
@@ -4212,198 +1455,101 @@ Sun Jul 15 22:24:49 2007  pegacorn  <subscriber.jp AT gmail.com>
 
 	* win32.h (rb_w32_getcwd): prototype added.  [ruby-dev:31232]
 
-Sun Jul 15 21:07:43 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (bigtrunc): do not empty Bignum.  [ruby-dev:31229]
-
-Sun Jul 15 19:05:28 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:11:59 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_cstr_to_inum): check leading non-digits.
 	  [ruby-core:11691]
 
-Sun Jul 15 04:42:20 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (get2comp): do nothing for empty Bignum.  [ruby-dev:31225]
-
-Sat Jul 14 14:04:06 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* enum.c (sort_by_cmp): check if reentered.  [ruby-dev:24291]
-
-Sat Jul 14 12:44:14 2007  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: reverted the previous patch.  it should
-	  be as it was to check interface compatibility.  sorry for bothering
-	  with this.
+Wed Aug 22 10:07:48 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Sat Jul 14 12:16:17 2007  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_neg): SIGNED_VALUE isn't in 1.8.
 
-	* test/openssl/test_pkcs7.rb: follow the library change.  applied a
-	  patch from <zn at mbf.nifty.com> [ruby-dev:31214].
-	  NOTE: r12496 imports the latest openssl libs from trunk to ruby_1_8
-	  though its's not ChangeLog-ed.  maintainer should aware that.
+	* bignum.c (bigtrunc): do not empty Bignum.  [ruby-dev:31229]
 
-Sat Jul 14 02:51:52 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:02:42 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (fix_pow): 0**2 should not raise floating point
 	  exception.  [ruby-dev:31216]
 
-Sat Jul 14 02:25:48 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): wrong overflow detection.  [ruby-dev:31213]
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): wrong overflow detection.  [ruby-dev:31215]
-
-Fri Jul 13 16:10:00 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/open-uri.rb (URI::Generic#find_proxy): use ENV.to_hash to access
-	  http_proxy environment variable to avoid case insensitive
-	  environment search.
-
-Fri Jul 13 15:02:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 10:01:08 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (CreateChild): enclose command line except for
 	  command.com which can not handle quotes.  [ruby-talk:258939]
 
-Fri Jul 13 10:10:46 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:58:30 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/mkmf.rb (link_command, cc_command, cpp_command): do not expand
 	  ::CONFIG which is an alias of MAKEFILE_CONFIG.
 
-Thu Jul 12 17:03:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:55:08 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* struct.c (rb_struct_init_copy): disallow changing the size.
 	  [ruby-dev:31168]
 
-Wed Jul 11 23:38:14 2007  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:54:28 2007  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* random.c: documentation fix.  srand(0) initializes PRNG with '0',
 	  not with random_seed.
 
-Tue Jul 10 14:50:01 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:53:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bcc32/{Makefile.sub,setup.mak}: remove surplus slash from srcdir.
 
-Fri Jul  6 15:22:58 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_interrupt): suppress a gcc's officious warning.
-
-Thu Jul  5 16:44:28 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): fix previous nubu's commit.
-
-	* test/ruby/test_fixnum.rb: new test.
-
-Thu Jul  5 15:56:06 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): even number multiplication never be negative.
-
-Mon Jul  2 14:34:43 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:46:25 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* sprintf.c (rb_f_sprintf): sign bit extension should not be done
 	  if FPLUS flag is specified.  [ruby-list:39224]
 
-Sat Jun 30 16:05:41 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:41:56 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* array.c (rb_ary_initialize): should call rb_ary_modify() first.
 	  [ruby-core:11562]
 
-Sat Jun 30 00:17:00 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:40:25 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (yylex): return non-valid token for an invalid
-	  instance/class variable name.  a patch from Yusuke ENDOH
+	  instance/class variable name.  a patch from from Yusuke ENDOH
 	  <mame AT tsg.ne.jp>.  [ruby-dev:31095]
 
-Fri Jun 29 11:23:09 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:39:26 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (dsym): return non-null NODE even if yyerror().  based on a
-	  patch from Yusuke ENDOH <mame AT tsg.ne.jp>.  [ruby-dev:31085]
-
-Tue Jun 26 16:35:21 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+	  patch from from Yusuke ENDOH <mame AT tsg.ne.jp>.  [ruby-dev:31085]
 
-	* process.c (ruby_setreuid, ruby_setregid): rename to get rid of name
-	  clash.
+Wed Aug 22 09:38:43 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* process.c (proc_exec_v, rb_proc_exec): preserve errno.
 
-Sat Jun 23 00:37:46 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* hash.c (rb_hash_select): remove unnecessary varargs for
-	  rb_hash_select.  a patch from Daniel Berger
-	  <Daniel.Berger at qwest.com>.   [ruby-core:11527]
-
-	* hash.c: ditto.
-
-Mon Jun 18 08:47:54 2007  Technorama Ltd.  <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
-
-	* ext/openssl/{extconf.rb,ossl_ssl_session.c}:
-	  Fix ruby-Bugs-11513.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
-	  New methods EC::Point.[eql,make_affine!,invert!,on_curve?,infinity?]
-	  By default output the same key form as the openssl command.
-
-	* ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
-	  New method Random.status?
-
-Mon Jun 18 13:54:36 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 09:00:23 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): return EXIT_FAILURE if any exceptions occured
 	  in at_exit blocks.  [ruby-core:11263]
 
-Mon Jun 18 01:14:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 08:52:02 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* variable.c (rb_path2class): get rid of dangling pointer caused by
 	  optimized out value.
 
-	* variable.c (rb_global_entry, rb_f_untrace_var, rb_alias_variable,
-	  rb_generic_ivar_table, generic_ivar_get, generic_ivar_set,
-	  generic_ivar_defined, generic_ivar_remove, rb_mark_generic_ivar,
-	  rb_free_generic_ivar, rb_copy_generic_ivar,
-	  rb_obj_instance_variables): suppress warnings.
-
-Fri Jun 15 22:33:29 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (realclean): separate local and ext.
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb: not remove unrelated directories.
-
-Fri Jun 15 17:01:20 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 08:51:20 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/lib/dl/win32.rb: seems that dl doesn't accept void argument.
 	  fixed [ruby-bugs:PR#5489].
 
-Thu Jun 14 17:09:48 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/rdoc/parsers/parse_c.rb (RDoc::C_Parser): handle more
-	  extensions.  [ruby-dev:30972]
-
-Wed Jun 13 06:05:12 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 08:49:47 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (darwin): prohibit loading extension libraries to
 	  miniruby.
 
-Wed Jun 13 05:47:58 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 08:34:20 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_kill_thread): renamed in order to get rid of conflict
 	  with a BeOS system function.  [ruby-core:10830]
 
-Tue Jun 12 14:53:51 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (Logging.quiet, Logging.message): added quiet flag and
-	  use it.  [ruby-core:10909]
+Wed Aug 22 08:32:32 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/mkmf.rb (find_header): use header names in the message.
-
-Sun Jun 10 13:47:36 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (test_should_propagate_signaled):
-	  get rid of invoking shell.  [ruby-dev:30942]
-
-Thu Jun  7 19:02:48 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* lib/pp.rb: call original "method" method instead of redefined one.
-
-Mon Jun  4 11:11:12 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+	* process.c (ruby_setreuid, ruby_setregid): rename to get rid of name
+	  clash.
+Wed Aug 22 08:27:53 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/imap.rb (ResponseParser#next_token): fixed
 	  error message. (backported from HEAD)
@@ -4412,20 +1558,28 @@ Mon Jun  4 11:11:12 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 	  the condition not to refer @token.symbol unexpectedly.
 	  Thanks, Dick Monahan. (backported from HEAD)
 
-Thu May 31 17:27:53 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Aug 22 08:26:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/benchmark.rb (Benchmark::Job::item): avoid modifying the
-	  argument unintentionally.  [ruby-talk:253676]
+	* marshal.c (w_extended): erroneous check condition when dump
+	  method is defined.  [ruby-core:10646]
 
-Thu May 31 02:12:32 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+Mon Jun 18 11:29:49 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb (Rinda::TupleBag): create index on tuple bag
-	  by first column.
+	* intern.h, ext/thread/thread.c: moved prototype of rb_thread_status()
+	  to get rid of error in C++.  [ruby-list:43615]
 
-Wed May 30 13:27:40 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Jun 10 13:47:36 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (test_should_propagate_signaled):
+	  get rid of invoking shell.  [ruby-dev:30942]
+
+Sat Jun  9 10:40:00 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* stable version 1.8.6-p36 released.
 
-	* lib/net/ftp.rb (Net::FTP#transfercmd): skip 2XX
-	  responses for some FTP servers. (backported from HEAD)
+Fri Jun  8 17:50:17 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_thread_cancel_timer): fix undefined function
 
 Wed May 30 05:17:55 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -4450,16 +1604,34 @@ Tue May 29 11:01:06 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_opendir, rb_w32_readdir): eliminate magic
 	  numbers.
 
-Mon May 28 02:54:05 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
+Thu Jun  7 20:10:51 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb (Rinda::TupleBag#delete): use rindex and
-	  delete_at instead of delete for little improvement.
+	* eval.c, intern.h, ext/thread/thread.c: should not free queue
+	  while any live threads are waiting.
+	  [ruby-dev:30653]
 
-Sat May 26 00:05:22 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Jun  7 14:53:46 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (test_should_propagate_signaled):
-	  skip tests for exitstatus and termsig on the platforms where
-	  signals not supported.
+	* eval.c (method_inspect): show proper class name.
+	  [ruby-talk:248647], Thanks Calamitas.
+
+Sun May 27 05:24:56 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* runruby.rb: eliminate uninitialized variable.
+	  [ruby-core:11255]
+
+Sun May 27 05:19:03 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (mnew): call of super via a method object should work again.
+	  [ruby-talk:248647], Thanks Calamitas.
+
+	* test/ruby/test_method.rb (TestMethod::test_method_super): test for
+	  above fix.
+
+Wed May 23 07:29:53 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* process.c (proc_exec_v): terminate timer thread in advance.
+	  [ruby-dev:30581], Thanks H. Holon.
 
 Wed May 23 06:51:46 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -4472,119 +1644,35 @@ Wed May 23 05:49:49 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	  load path to get rid of load pre-installed extensions/libraries.
 	  [ruby-core:11017]
 
-Sat May 19 10:29:18 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (Date._parse): detects some OFX dates
-	  (Of course not fully).
-
-Fri May 18 23:07:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_first): call rb_ary_subseq() instead of pushing
-	  values by itself.  [ruby-talk:252062]
-
-	* array.c (rb_ary_first): add negative length check.
-
-Fri May 18 17:10:31 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 06:14:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (move_to_next_entry): loc also must move forward.
 	  [ruby-talk:251987]
 
-Fri May 18 03:02:40 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* win32/mkexports.rb: preserve prefixed underscores for WINAPI
-	  symbols.
-
-	* wince/mkconfig_wce.rb, wince/mkexports.rb: obsolete.
-
-Thu May 17 17:03:11 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-style.el (ruby-style-label-indent): for yacc rules.
-
-Tue May 15 14:54:07 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 05:55:04 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (init_stdhandle): stderr should be without buffering,
 	  but mswin32 use buffering when stderr is not connected to tty.
 
-Mon May 14 13:28:03 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 05:35:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/thread/thread.c (wait_list): supress a warning.
+	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): truncate all zero BDIGITs. [ruby-dev:30733]
 
-Thu May 10 15:21:51 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 05:17:33 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/iconv/iconv.c (iconv_s_conv): rdoc fix.
 
-Thu May 10 10:14:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 05:10:02 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_thread_priority): rdoc fix; the initial value is
 	  inherited from the creating thread.  [ruby-core:10607]
 
-Wed May  9 12:28:57 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (Init_Bignum), numeric.c (Init_Numeric): added fdiv as
-	  aliases of quo.  [ruby-dev:30771]
-
-Wed May  9 11:55:15 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_quo): now calculate in integer.  [ruby-dev:30753]
-
-Wed May  9 11:51:06 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): reduce multiplying for even number.
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): truncate all zero BDIGITs. [ruby-dev:30733]
-
-	* bignum.c (rb_big_pow): improvement by calculating from MSB and using
-	  factorization.  <http://yowaken.dip.jp/tdiary/20070426.html#p01>
-
-	* numeric.c (int_pow): calculate power in Fixnum as possible.
-	  [ruby-dev:30726]
-
-Tue May  8 23:42:51 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (Date._parse): revised treatment of
-	  hyphened/separatorless dates.
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb: some trivial adjustments.
-
-Tue May  8 20:25:05 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb: reverted.
-
-Sat May  5 16:26:33 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (Format::Bag#method_missing): get rid of
-	  modifying orginal argument.  [ruby-core:11090]
-
-Mon Apr 30 01:17:51 2007  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
-
-	* lib/rinda/tuplespace.rb (TupleSpace#create_entry, TupleBag#push,
-	  delete): extract method, and rename parameter.
-
-Fri Apr 27 02:00:17 2007  Ryan Davis  <ryand-ruby@zenspider.com>
-
-	* signal.c: Fixed backwards compatibility for 'raise Interrupt'.
-
-	* lib/yaml/tag.rb: Running rdoc over the 1.8.6 tree skips
-	  Module. Patch from James Britt
-
-Thu Apr 26 13:54:51 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* misc/ruby-style.el: new file.  C/C++ style for ruby source code.
-
-Wed Apr 25 19:49:16 2007  Tanaka Akira  <akr@fsij.org>
-
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (unix_send_io, unix_recv_io): use CMSG_DATA to
-	  align file descriptor appropriately.
-
-Tue Apr 24 09:33:57 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 04:22:57 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* dir.c (do_stat, do_lstat, do_opendir): should not warn ENOTDIR.
 	  [ruby-talk:248288]
 
-Mon Apr 23 22:14:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/extmk.rb ($ruby): add extout directory to include path.
-	  [ruby-core:11003]
+Wed May 23 03:50:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/mkmf.rb (libpathflag): not to append RPATHFLAG to current
 	  directory.
@@ -4594,29 +1682,16 @@ Mon Apr 23 22:14:42 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/mkmf.rb (LINK_SO): LIBPATH to be placed before DLDFLAGS.
 
-Fri Apr 20 16:05:22 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* configure.in (LIBPATHFLAG, RPATHFLAG): no needs to be quoted,
-	  it is done by libpathflag in mkmf.rb.
-
-Fri Apr 20 12:27:04 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb: fix to override conv proc.
-
-Fri Apr 20 12:17:05 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): inversed the order of errinfos.
-
-Thu Apr 19 14:53:32 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 03:33:55 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/monitor.rb (ConditionVariable#wait, mon_enter, mon_exit_for_cond):
 	  ensures Thread.critical to be false.  [ruby-talk:248300]
 
-Wed Apr 18 10:41:21 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 03:25:13 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* util.c (ruby_strtod): exponent is radix 10.  [ruby-talk:248272]
 
-Wed Apr 18 02:30:24 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 03:12:17 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* configure.in (LDFLAGS): prepend -L. instead appending it to
 	  XLDFLAGS.  [ruby-core:10933]
@@ -4624,7 +1699,7 @@ Wed Apr 18 02:30:24 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* configure.in (Makefile): remove $U for automake from MISSING.
 	  [ruby-talk:248171]
 
-Tue Apr 17 16:46:46 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 02:09:32 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): should not clear state on TAG_NEXT when
 	  it's invoked from within lambda body.  [ruby-talk:248136]
@@ -4632,66 +1707,25 @@ Tue Apr 17 16:46:46 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	* eval.c (proc_invoke): handle TAG_NEXT which would be caused by
 	  next in the lambda body as well.
 
-Mon Apr 16 22:56:01 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/pty/expect_sample.rb: avoid symbolic link representation for
-	  expect.  a patch from Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA <zn at mbf.nifty.com>.
-	  [ruby-dev:30714]
-
-Mon Apr 16 22:51:11 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* sample: replace TRUE, FALSE with true, false respectively.
-	  a patch from Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA <zn at mbf.nifty.com>.
-	  [ruby-dev:30713]
-
-Mon Apr 16 17:08:02 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* lib/optparse.rb (make_switch): do not clobber converter if pattern
-	  has no convert method.  reported by sheepman in [ruby-dev:30709].
-
-Mon Apr 16 16:49:32 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* ext/stringio/stringio.c (strio_seek): consistent behavior with
-	  IO#seek.  patch by sheepman in [ruby-dev:30710].
-
-Mon Apr 16 16:34:08 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* parse.y (parser_yylex): should set command_start after block
-	  starting "do"s and braces.  [ruby-core:10916]
-
-Sun Apr 15 09:19:57 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb: added some zone names.
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb (_parse): now interprets doted numerical
-	  dates as a big endian (except dd.mm.yyyy).
-
-Tue Apr 10 17:37:36 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 01:55:49 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* win32/win32.c (rb_w32_fclose, rb_w32_close): need to save errno
 	  before calling original fclose()/close().
 
-Mon Apr  9 09:30:44 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 01:42:29 2007  Shugo Maeda  <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* lib/net/imap.rb (disconnect): call shutdown for
 	  SSLSocket. Thanks, Technorama Ltd.
 
-Thu Apr  5 00:42:48 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 01:28:14 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* error.c (rb_notimplement), io.c (pipe_open): removed definite
 	  articles and UNIX manual section from messages.  [ruby-dev:30690]
 
-Wed Apr  4 17:09:17 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* io.c (pipe_open): refined the message of NotImplementedError.
-	  [ruby-dev:30685]
-
-Wed Apr  4 10:18:04 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* io.c (pipe_open): raise NotImplementedError for command "-" on
 	  platforms where fork(2) is not available.  [ruby-dev:30681]
 
-Tue Apr  3 15:45:41 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed May 23 00:03:42 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* ext/socket/socket.c (s_recv, s_recvfrom): some systems (such as
 	  windows) doesn't set fromlen if the socket is connection-oriented.
@@ -4709,7 +1743,7 @@ Sat Mar 24 23:40:29 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* io.c (io_fread): ditto.
 
-Sat Mar 24 01:54:03 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue May 22 23:27:16 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (ruby_cleanup): exit by SystemExit and SignalException in END
 	  block.  [ruby-core:10609]
@@ -4720,55 +1754,26 @@ Sat Mar 24 01:54:03 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 	* test/ruby/test_beginendblock.rb (test_should_propagate_signaled):
 	  test for signal in END block.
 
-Thu Mar 22 23:13:17 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue May 22 23:14:19 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (rb_provided): check for extension library if SOEXT is
 	  explicitly given.  [ruby-dev:30657]
 
-Thu Mar 22 10:29:25 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* test/ruby/test_bignum.rb (test_to_s): add tests for Bignum#to_s.
-
-Wed Mar 21 17:04:30 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Tue May 22 21:29:08 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* bignum.c (rb_big2str0): round up for the most significant digit.
 	  [ruby-core:10686]
 
-Wed Mar 21 07:21:24 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue May 22 20:53:02 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/thread/thread.c (remove_one): Preserve List invariants;
 	  submitted by: MenTaLguY <mental AT rydia.net>
 	  in [ruby-core:10598] and [ruby-bugs:PR#9388].
 
-Tue Mar 20 22:54:50 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* marshal.c (w_extended): erroneous check condition when dump
-	  method is defined.  [ruby-core:10646]
-
 Tue Mar 20 15:37:24 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* distruby.rb: Add zip generation.
 
-Tue Mar 20 11:28:41 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/matrix.rb (Matrix::inverse_from): adding partial pivoting to
-	  the Gauss-Jordan algorithm, making it stable.  a patch from
-	  Peter Vanbroekhoven.  [ruby-core:10641]
-
-Mon Mar 19 11:39:29 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
-
-	* lib/net/protocol.rb (rbuf_read): extend buffer size for speed.
-
-Sun Mar 18 04:23:52 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Add a note about the new `date' library defining
-	  Time#to_date and Time#to_datetime private methods.
-
-	* NEWS: Inform that the old `thread' library is considered to be
-	  stable.
-
-	* NEWS: Sort library entries in alphabetical order.
-
 Fri Mar 16 21:48:11 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/dl.c (rb_ary2cary): Fix a bug in type validation;
@@ -4809,24 +1814,11 @@ Wed Mar 14 12:30:00 2007  Shigeo Kobayashi  <shigeo@tinyforest.jp>
 	* ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c: BigDecimal("-.31") is now
 	  treated as ("-0.31") not as ("0.31").
 
-Tue Mar 13 09:25:10 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* common.mk (clear-installed-list): separated from install-prereq.
-
-Tue Mar 13 06:38:43 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Mar 13 04:04:04 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* NEWS: Reword and improve entries.
+	* stable version 1.8.6 released.
 
-Tue Mar 13 06:03:46 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* stable version 1.8.6 released from the ruby_1_8_6 branch.
-
-Tue Mar 13 03:24:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* runruby.rb: added --pure (turned on by default) and --debugger
-	  options.
-
-Tue Mar 13 02:50:28 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Mar 13 02:54:17 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/cgi.rb (CGI::header): IIS >= 5.0 does not need the nph
 	  assumption any more; submitted by MIYASAKA Masaru <alkaid AT
@@ -4858,7 +1850,7 @@ Mon Mar 12 11:07:44 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c (Init_ossl_ssl): Ditto.
 
-Mon Mar 12 01:05:17 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Mon Mar 12 01:23:50 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/sym.c (rb_dlsym_inspect): Use "0x%x" rather for pointers.
 	  This might not be very right but it is commonly used in other
@@ -4867,16 +1859,14 @@ Mon Mar 12 01:05:17 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/ptr.c (rb_dlptr_inspect): Ditto.
 
-Mon Mar 12 00:59:19 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* ext/dl/lib/dl/import.rb (DL::Importable::Internal::import,
 	  DL::Importable::Internal::callback): Avoid race condition for an
 	  instance variable; submitted by sheepman <sheepman AT
 	  sheepman.sakura.ne.jp> in [ruby-dev:30530].
 
-Sun Mar 11 18:57:50 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Mar 11 19:04:29 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* misc/README: Add a note about ruby-electric.el.
+	* misc/README: Add a note about ruby-electric.el. 
 
 	* misc/ruby-mode.el (ruby-non-block-do-re): Fix
 	  ruby-non-block-do-re. [ruby-core:03719]
@@ -4887,14 +1877,14 @@ Sun Mar 11 18:57:50 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 	  interface based on rubydb3x.el; submitted by Martin Nordholts
 	  <enselic AT gmail.com> in [ruby-bugs:PR#9023].
 
-Sun Mar 11 17:45:51 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Mar 11 17:51:46 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/dl/mkcallback.rb (mkfunc): Make sure that a callback
 	  function is found in the function table before trying to call
 	  it; submitted by sheepman <sheepman AT sheepman.sakura.ne.jp>
 	  in [ruby-dev:30524].
 
-Sun Mar 11 12:09:37 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Mar 11 17:30:53 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* eval.c (error_handle): no message when exiting by signal.
 
@@ -4917,83 +1907,63 @@ Sun Mar 11 12:09:37 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* signal.c (rb_signal_exec, trap): handle SIGTERM.  [ruby-dev:30505]
 
-Tue Mar  6 19:08:46 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Mar  6 19:03:42 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/digest/lib/md5.rb (MD5::new, MD5::md5): Do not modify
 	  Digest::MD5.
 
 	* ext/digest/lib/sha1.rb (SHA1::new, SHA1::sha1): Ditto.
 
-Tue Mar  6 18:58:37 2007  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* lib/shell/process-controller.rb: fix thread synchronization
 	  problem for [ruby-dev:30477].
 
-Tue Mar  6 18:44:26 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* ext/digest/lib/md5.rb (MD5::new, MD5::md5): Catch up with
 	  Digest's API changes; noted by: Kazuhiro Yoshida <moriq AT
 	  moriq.com> in [ruby-dev:30500].
 
 	* ext/digest/lib/sha1.rb (SHA1::new, SHA1::sha1): Ditto.
 
-Tue Mar  6 18:24:19 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* time.c (time_to_s): Back out the format changes; discussed
 	  in [ruby-dev:30495].
 
-Tue Mar  6 11:53:25 2007  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
 	* ext/tk/sample/irbtkw.rbw: fails to exit process.
 
-Mon Mar  5 20:14:49 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Mon Mar  5 20:26:10 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* time.c (time_to_s): Correct the wrong format which did not
 	  really conform to RFC 2822; pointed out by: OHARA Shigeki <os at
 	  iij.ad.jp> in [ruby-dev:30487].
 
-Sun Mar  4 23:38:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Mar  4 23:53:27 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
+
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (mv): could not move a directory between
+	  different filesystems. [ruby-dev:30411]
+
+Sun Mar  4 23:46:40 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* file.c (rb_stat_s_utime): fixed a commit miss for the platforms
-	  where utimes() does not exist.
+	* file.c (rb_file_s_utime): allow nil to set the current time.
 
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (touch): ditto.
+	* lib/fileutils.rb (touch): ditto, and added :mtime and :nocreate
+	  options.  fixed: [ruby-talk:219037]
 
-Sun Mar  4 14:46:56 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+Sun Mar  4 23:19:00 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* util.c (push_element): should return a int value.
 
-Sun Mar  4 01:05:57 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Mar  4 01:06:55 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/set.rb (Set#^, Set#&): Correct documentation.  Those methods
 	  return sets, not arrays; noted by Oliver Frank Wittich <nietz AT
 	  mangabrain.de>.
 
-Sat Mar  3 23:01:07 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (mv): could not move a directory between
-	  different filesystems. [ruby-dev:30411]
-
-Sat Mar  3 22:57:11 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (touch): last commit causes error if :mtime
-	  option was not given.
-
-Sat Mar  3 22:37:02 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* file.c (rb_file_s_utime): allow nil to set the current time.
-
-	* lib/fileutils.rb (touch): ditto, and added :mtime and :nocreate
-	  options.  fixed: [ruby-talk:219037]
-
-Sat Mar  3 21:17:35 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sat Mar  3 21:41:31 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* eval.c (stack_check): Unset inline to fix build with GCC 3.4.6;
 	  submitted by: NISHIMATSU Takeshi <t_nissie AT yahoo.co.jp> in
 	  [ruby-list:43218].
 	  cf. http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24556
 
-Sat Mar  3 19:05:31 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sat Mar  3 19:07:05 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/thread/thread.c (push_list): Use ALLOC().
 
@@ -5001,11 +1971,21 @@ Sat Mar  3 19:05:31 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/thread/thread.c (rb_condvar_alloc): Ditto.
 
-Sat Mar  3 18:53:11 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sat Mar  3 18:56:40 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* NEWS: Add a note for String#intern.
 
-Sat Mar  3 16:23:13 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sat Mar  3 18:36:35 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_provided): return true only for features loaded from
+	  .rb files, and not search actual library type.  [ruby-dev:30414]
+
+	* eval.c (rb_feature_p): check loading_tbl if the given ext is
+	  empty.  [ruby-dev:30452]
+
+	* eval.c (rb_feature_p): fix possible buffer overrun.
+
+Sat Mar  3 16:30:39 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* env.h (SCOPE_CLONE): Introduce a new scope flag to prevent a
 	  local_tbl region from getting freed many times; submitted by
@@ -5018,108 +1998,78 @@ Sat Mar  3 16:23:13 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* parse.y (top_local_setup_gen): Ditto.
 
-Sat Mar  3 16:07:02 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sat Mar  3 16:09:27 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* object.c (rb_obj_ivar_set): RDoc updated according to a
 	  suggestion from Brian Candler <B.Candler AT pobox.com>.
 	  [ruby-core:10469]
 
-Thu Mar  1 21:38:07 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Mar  3 15:41:33 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* parse.y (stmt, arg): should not omit lhs of OP_ASGN1 even if
-	  empty.  [ruby-dev:30455]
-
-Thu Mar  1 08:55:38 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* eval.c (rb_feature_p): check loading_tbl if the given ext is
 	  empty.  [ruby-dev:30452]
 
-	* eval.c (rb_feature_p): fix possible buffer overrun.
+Thu Mar  1 04:08:30 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
 
-Thu Mar  1 03:30:21 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* mkconfig.rb (patchlevel): read from version.h.
+
+Thu Mar  1 03:42:09 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/digest/digest.c (get_digest_base_metadata): Allow inheriting
 	  Digest::Base subclasses, which was unintentionally made
 	  impossible while restructuring Digest classes.
 
-Thu Mar  1 02:05:17 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* mkconfig.rb (patchlevel): read from version.h.
-
-Thu Mar  1 00:09:39 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Feb 28 22:10:55 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* eval.c (rb_provided): return true only for features loaded from
-	  .rb files, and not search actual library type.  [ruby-dev:30414]
+	* doc/NEWS-1.8.0: Rename NEWS to NEWS-1.8.0.  This is way too old
+	  NEWS.
 
-Wed Feb 28 21:15:00 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+	* NEWS: Add NEWS, a document file to keep user visible feature
+	  changes between releases.
 
 	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_fcntl): fcntl support for MinGW.
 
 	* missing/flock.c: workaround for MinGW.
 
-Wed Feb 28 20:51:32 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* pack.c (pack_unpack): properly ignore non-base64 octets such as
-	  UTF-8 encoded BOMs; submitted by SOUMA Yutaka <holon@radastery.jp>
-	  to fix [ruby-core:10437]
-
-Wed Feb 28 18:59:57 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* NEWS: Add NEWS, a document file to keep user visible feature
-	  changes between releases.
-
-Wed Feb 28 18:35:50 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* ext/openssl/extconf.rb: no need to check unistd.h and sys/time.h.
 	  they are already checked at configure.
 	  reported by KOBAYASHI Yasuhiro [ruby-list:43225]
 
-Wed Feb 28 18:34:48 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* lib/mkmf.rb ($DEFLIBPATH): default library paths ($(topdir), etc)
 	  should be the first elements of library paths list.
 	  reported by KOBAYASHI Yasuhiro [ruby-list:43225]
 
-Wed Feb 28 18:31:32 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* doc/NEWS-1.8.0: Rename NEWS to NEWS-1.8.0.  This is way too old
-	  NEWS.
-
-Wed Feb 28 01:22:58 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* test/{dbm,gdbm}/test_{dbm,gdbm}.rb: shouldn't use host_os. use
 	  target_os instead. reported by KOBAYASHI Yasuhiro [ruby-list:43225]
 
-Wed Feb 28 00:08:11 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ice.uec.ac.jp>
-
 	* mkconfig.rb (RbConfig): add CONFIG['PATCHLEVEL']
 
 	* common.mk: new target dist
 
 	* distruby.rb: new file
 
-Tue Feb 27 22:18:45 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* configure.in (--enable-auto-image-base): avoid the neccessity to
 	  rebase the shared libs as much as possible;
 	  submitted by Corinna Vinschen <spam at vinschen.de> in
 	  [ruby-talk:240964].
 
-Tue Feb 27 21:36:47 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
+Wed Feb 28 20:51:32 2007  URABE Shyouhei  <shyouhei@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* pack.c (pack_unpack): properly ignore non-base64 octets such as
+	  UTF-8 encoded BOMs; submitted by SOUMA Yutaka <holon@radastery.jp>
+	  to fix [ruby-core:10437]
+
+Tue Feb 27 21:50:10 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* util.c (__crt0_glob_function): use ruby_glob() instead of rb_globi().
 
-Tue Feb 27 21:33:04 2007  WATANABE Hirofumi  <eban@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* configure.in (ac_cv_func_setrlimit): workaround for djgpp.
 
-Tue Feb 27 19:38:52 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Tue Feb 27 20:49:19 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* lib/base64.rb (Base64::b64encode): Fix documentation; submitted
 	  by David Symonds <dsymonds@gmail.com> in [ruby-core:10432].
 
-Tue Feb 27 19:36:57 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* regex.c (calculate_must_string, slow_search, re_search): Silence
 	  warnings regarding char * vs. unsigned char * mismatch;
 	  submitted by Lyle Johnson <lyle.johnson@gmail.com>
@@ -5137,8 +2087,6 @@ Tue Feb 27 19:36:57 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 	* ext/nkf/nkf.c (rb_str_resize, rb_nkf_kconv, rb_nkf_guess1,
 	  rb_nkf_guess2): Ditto.
 
-Tue Feb 27 03:40:09 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* ext/thread/thread.c (wait_list_cleanup, rb_mutex_try_lock):
 	  Eliminate rb_thread_critical switching where unnecessary;
 	  implied by shugo in [ruby-dev:30412].
@@ -5149,35 +2097,28 @@ Tue Feb 27 03:40:09 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 	* ext/thread/thread.c: Consistently use 0 and 1 for
 	  rb_thread_critical values.
 
-Mon Feb 26 15:18:23 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* ext/thread/thread.c: Use xmalloc()/xfree() instead of
 	  malloc()/free(); pointed out by shugo in [ruby-dev:30412].
 
-Sun Feb 25 23:02:55 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
 	* lib/test/unit/autorunner.rb (Test::Unit::AutoRunner::initialize):
 	  Initialize @workdir properly to silence a warning under -w.
 	  Submitted by <tommy at tmtm.org> in [ruby-dev:30400].
 
-Sun Feb 25 02:47:43 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Sun Feb 25 02:50:51 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* defines.h: Pull the RUBY_MBCHAR_MAXSIZE definition from trunk,
 	  which is necessary for dir.c to compile on djgpp and emx.
 
-Sat Feb 24 10:42:01 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
-
-	* ext/racc/cparse/cparse.c (cparse_params_mark): remove useless
-	  rb_gc_mark.  Thanks Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [ruby-dev:30405]
+Sat Feb 24 17:04:01 2007   Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
 
-Fri Feb 23 15:10:46 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+	* lib/date/format.rb: updated based on date2 4.0.3.
 
-	* win32/win32.c (set_pioinfo_extra): new function for VC++8 SP1
-	  workaround. [ruby-core:10259]
+Sat Feb 24 17:01:02 2007  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
 
-	* win32/win32.c (NtInitialize): call above function.
+	* ext/racc/cparse/cparse.c (cparse_params_mark): remove useless
+	  rb_gc_mark.  Thanks Tomoyuki Chikanaga. [ruby-dev:30405]
 
-Fri Feb 23 14:19:40 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
+Sat Feb 24 16:53:09 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 
 	* signal.c (sighandler): need to tell to be interrupted to main
 	  context when handler is installed.
@@ -5185,14 +2126,19 @@ Fri Feb 23 14:19:40 2007  NAKAMURA Usaku  <usa@ruby-lang.org>
 	* win32/win32.[ch] (rb_win32_interrupted): new function to listen
 	  interrupt.
 
-Fri Feb 23 13:02:17 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+	* win32/win32.c (set_pioinfo_extra): new function for VC++8 SP1
+	  workaround. [ruby-core:10259]
+
+	* win32/win32.c (NtInitialize): call above function.
+
+Fri Feb 23 13:04:43 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* numeric.c (fix_cmp, fix_equal): Remove FIX2LONG() to optimize.
 	  suggested in
 	  http://t-a-w.blogspot.com/2007/02/making-ruby-faster.html.
 	  [ruby-talk:240223]
 
-Fri Feb 23 12:43:17 2007  James Edward Gray II  <james@grayproductions.net>
+Fri Feb 23 12:47:13 2007  James Edward Gray II  <james@grayproductions.net>
 
 	* lib/xmlrpc/client.rb (XMLRPC::Client::do_rpc): Make the
 	  Content-Length parameter optional for responses in
@@ -5202,22 +2148,22 @@ Fri Feb 23 12:43:17 2007  James Edward Gray II  <james@grayproductions.net>
 	* lib/xmlrpc/create.rb (XMLRPC::Create::conv2value): Add DateTime
 	  support to xmlrpc; approved by the maintainer.
 
-Mon Feb 19 18:22:52 2007  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
+Mon Feb 19 18:33:30 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+
+	* ext/socket/socket.c (unix_peeraddr): wrong syscall name in error
+	  message for #peeraddr. a patch from Sam Roberts
+	  <sroberts at uniserve.com>.  [ruby-core:10366]
+
+Mon Feb 19 18:27:42 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* configure.in, defines.h, eval.c (rb_feature_p, rb_provided,
 	  load_wait, search_required, rb_require_safe), ext/extmk.rb: Fix
 	  a bug where a statically linked extension cannot be autoloaded.
 	  [ruby-dev:30023] / [ruby-dev:30239]
 
-Mon Feb 19 17:14:28 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+Thu Feb 15 20:31:07 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* ext/socket/socket.c (unix_peeraddr): wrong syscall name in error
-	  message for #peeraddr. a patch from Sam Roberts
-	  <sroberts at uniserve.com>.  [ruby-core:10366]
-
-Sun Feb 18 19:35:21 2007  Tadayoshi Funaba  <tadf@dotrb.org>
-
-	* lib/date/format.rb: updated based on date2 4.0.3.
+	* lib/uri/ftp.rb: Revert the previous change pending discussion.
 
 Fri Feb 16 11:18:21 2007  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
 
@@ -5226,19 +2172,14 @@ Fri Feb 16 11:18:21 2007  Eric Hodel  <drbrain@segment7.net>
 
 	* lib/prettyprint.rb: Suppress RDoc for PrettyPrint test suite.
 
-Thu Feb 15 20:26:30 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-	* lib/uri/ftp.rb: Revert the previous change pending discussion.
-
-Thu Feb 15 18:08:17 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Thu Feb 15 18:10:09 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* dir.c (glob_helper): Fix the function declaration.
 
-Thu Feb 15 17:13:32 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
+Thu Feb 15 16:55:33 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
-	* version.h: Welcome to the post-1.8.6 world.  Radical changes are
-	  inhibited in the ruby_1_8 branch until the 1.8.6 final release
-	  goes out of the door.
+	* version.h: Branch off ruby_1_8_6 from ruby_1_8 in preparation
+	  for the forthcoming 1.8.6 release.
 
 Thu Feb 15 16:44:14 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
@@ -5369,15 +2310,15 @@ Fri Feb  9 15:46:09 2007  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 Tue Feb 06 22:06:45 2007  NARUSE, Yui  <naruse@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/{nkf.c,utf8tbl.c}:
-	  imported nkf 2007-01-28.
-	  * Fixed: can't decode MIME encode JIS string.
-	  * Fixed: Fullwitdh-halfwidth conversion.
-	  * Support DoCoMo's and Softbank's EMOJI
-	  * Support CP932, CP5022x, eucJP-ms UDC
-	  * Support UTF-32 encoding
-	  * Support beyond BMP
-	  [ruby-dev:29700] [ruby-dev:29922] [ruby-dev:30144]
+        * ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/{nkf.c,utf8tbl.c}:
+          imported nkf 2007-01-28.
+          * Fixed: can't decode MIME encode JIS string.
+          * Fixed: Fullwitdh-halfwidth conversion.
+          * Support DoCoMo's and Softbank's EMOJI
+          * Support CP932, CP5022x, eucJP-ms UDC
+          * Support UTF-32 encoding
+          * Support beyond BMP
+          [ruby-dev:29700] [ruby-dev:29922] [ruby-dev:30144]
 
 Wed Jan 31 14:52:09 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -5426,7 +2367,7 @@ Wed Jan 24 18:05:39 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
 Tue Jan 23 11:02:33 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
-	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest::read_line):
+ 	* lib/webrick/httprequest.rb (WEBrick::HTTPRequest::read_line):
 
 Tue Jan 23 18:26:12 2007  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 
@@ -6848,7 +3789,7 @@ Thu Jul 20 15:07:14 2006  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 Thu Jul 20 00:06:29 2006  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
 
 	* lib/irb/completion.rb: support for completion of numeric
-	  number. [ruby-dev: 29038]
+    	  number. [ruby-dev: 29038]
 
 Wed Jul 19 23:53:05 2006  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 
@@ -10794,7 +7735,6 @@ Mon Aug  1 01:17:40 2005  Masatoshi SEKI  <m_seki@mva.biglobe.ne.jp>
 	* test/drb/ut_drb.rb: ditto.
 
 Mon Aug  1 00:07:32 2005  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* lib/irb/context.rb: fix `irb --readline` option. [ruby-list:40955]
 
 Fri Jul 29 09:59:38 2005  Nobuyoshi Nakada  <nobu@ruby-lang.org>
@@ -11279,7 +8219,6 @@ Fri Jul  1 00:18:40 2005  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	  destination object.  [ruby-talk:146894]
 
 Thu Jun 30 19:00:21 2005  Keiju Ishitsuka  <keiju@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* lib/irb/ruby-lex.rb (RubyLex::identify_number): alternative implements
 	  for [ruby-dev:26410]. And support a numeric form of 0d99999.
 
@@ -12251,6 +9190,7 @@ Sat Apr  9 11:59:57 2005  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 	  - gave a name to 'x'.
 	  - undef_method -> remove_method for avoiding a warning in ruby 1.6.
 
+
 	* lib/rss/parser.rb: @@setter -> @@setters.
 
 	* lib/rss/parser.rb
@@ -12278,28 +9218,34 @@ Sat Apr  9 11:59:57 2005  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 	  elements. (ex. have childlen elements, have some attributes and
 	  a child element and so on.)
 
+
 	* lib/rss/dublincore.rb: supported multiple Dublin Core items.
 	* lib/rss/maker/dublincore.rb: ditto.
 
 	* lib/rss/maker/image.rb: supproted new Dublin Core API.
 
+
 	* lib/rss/maker/base.rb: added default current_element implementation.
 
+
 	* lib/rss/trackback.rb (RSS::TrackBackUtils.new_with_value_if_need):
 	  moved to RSS::Utils.
 
 	* lib/rss/utils.rb (RSS::Utils.new_with_value_if_need):
 	  moved from RSS::TrackBackUtils.
 
+
 	* lib/rss/maker/image.rb: fixed invalid argument of
 	  add_need_initialize_variable bug.
 	* lib/rss/maker/trackback.rb: ditto.
 
+
 	* lib/rss/rss.rb (Hash#merge): added for ruby 1.6.
 
 	* lib/rss/rss.rb (RSS::BaseModel.date_writer): changed to accept nil
 	  for date value.
 
+
 	* test/test_dublincore.rb: added tests for plural accessor and
 	  multiple Dublin Core items.
 
@@ -12315,6 +9261,7 @@ Sat Apr  9 11:59:57 2005  Kouhei Sutou  <kou@cozmixng.org>
 	* test/rss/test_maker_dc.rb (test_date): added a test for #date=
 	  and #dc_date=.
 
+
 	* sample/rss/tdiary_plugin/rss-recent.rb:
 	  new option: @options['rss-recent.use-image-link']:
 	  use image as link instread of text if available.
@@ -15972,6 +12919,7 @@ Sun Sep 12 02:41:58 2004  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* ext/tcltklib/tcltklib.c: add TclTkIp#allow_ruby_exit? and
 	  allow_ruby_exit=
 
+
 	* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: ditto.
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb: ditto.
@@ -16557,6 +13505,7 @@ Thu Jul 15 10:15:04 2004  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/: add samples of Iwidget and TkTable
 
+
 Wed Jul 14 18:08:37 2004  GOTOU Yuuzou  <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
 
 	* ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c (ossl_asn1cons_to_der): fix type of
@@ -19033,6 +15982,7 @@ Tue Dec 30 12:30:30 2003  Dave Thomas  <dave@pragprog.com>
 	  class and a method have the same name, finding Xxx.abc was trying
 	  to find 'abc' in method 'Xxx', not class 'Xxx'.
 
+
 Tue Dec 30 08:32:32 2003  Dave Thomas  <dave@pragprog.com>
 
 	* lib/rdoc/parsers/parse_rb.rb (RDoc::RubyParser::parse_method):
@@ -19040,6 +15990,7 @@ Tue Dec 30 08:32:32 2003  Dave Thomas  <dave@pragprog.com>
 
 	  def each_entry(&b) Dir.foreach(@path) {|f| yield P.new(f) } end
 
+
 Tue Dec 30 08:32:32 2003  Dave Thomas  <dave@pragprog.com>
 
 	* lib/rdoc/parsers/parse_rb.rb (RDoc::RubyParser::parse_method):
@@ -20945,7 +17896,6 @@ Sat Nov  8 13:49:50 2003  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 	* configure.in: improvement of pthread check
 
 Sat Nov  8 13:28:46 2003  Takaaki Tateishi  <ttate@ttsky.net>
-
 	* ext/dl/sym.c: Add DL.win32_last_error and DL.last_error.
 	  Thanks, Kaoru Shirai.
 
@@ -23783,7 +20733,6 @@ Tue Aug 12 02:48:56 2003  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
 	* eval.c (THREAD_ALLOC): initialize IA64 members.
 
 Mon Aug 11 22:31:50 2003  NAKAMURA, Hiroshi  <nahi@ruby-lang.org>
-
 	* lib/debug.rb(debug_command): inspection command should inspect
 	  resulting value even if it's nil.  [ruby-dev:21180] by OMAE, jun
 	  <jun66j5@ybb.ne.jp>.
@@ -23984,10 +20933,9 @@ For the changes before 1.8.0, see doc/ChangeLog-1.8.0
 Local variables:
 add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
   (let* ((time (current-time))
-	 (system-time-locale "C")
 	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
 	 (lo (% diff 65536))
-	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
+	 (hi  (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
   (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
 indent-tabs-mode: t
 tab-width: 8
diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index 9eaab0be4d..314e1ed256 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@ RIDATADIR = $(DESTDIR)$(datadir)/ri/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)/system
 empty =
 OUTFLAG = @OUTFLAG@$(empty)
 CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@ @XCFLAGS@ @ARCH_FLAG@
-cflags = @cflags@
-optflags = @optflags@
-debugflags = @debugflags@
 CPPFLAGS = -I. -I$(srcdir) @CPPFLAGS@
 LDFLAGS = @STATIC@ $(CFLAGS) @LDFLAGS@
 EXTLDFLAGS = 
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
 PROGRAM=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
 RUBY = $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)
 MINIRUBY = @MINIRUBY@ $(MINIRUBYOPT)
-RUNRUBY = @RUNRUBY@ $(RUNRUBYOPT) --
+RUNRUBY = @RUNRUBY@
 
 #### End of system configuration section. ####
 
@@ -158,12 +155,9 @@ $(srcdir)/configure: $(srcdir)/configure.in
 		cd $(srcdir) && $(AUTOCONF)
 
 lex.c: keywords
-	( gperf -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k1,3,$$ $? > $@.tmp && mv $@.tmp $@ ) || \
-	if test -f $@; then \
-	  touch $@ && echo $@ touched.; \
-	else \
-	  cp $(srcdir)/lex.c $@ && echo $@ copied.; \
-	fi
+	@-$(RM) $@
+	gperf -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k1,3,$$ $? > $@ || \
+	cp "$(srcdir)/$@" .
 
 .y.c:
 	$(YACC) $<
@@ -184,19 +178,3 @@ distclean-local::
 
 ext/extinit.$(OBJEXT): ext/extinit.c $(SETUP)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(OUTFLAG)$@ -c ext/extinit.c
-
-update-rubyspec: 
-	if [ -d $(srcdir)/rubyspec ]; then \
-	  cd $(srcdir)/rubyspec/mspec; \
-	  git pull; \
-	  cd ../spec; \
-	  git pull; \
-	else \
-	  mkdir $(srcdir)/rubyspec; \
-	  git clone $(MSPEC_GIT_URL) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/mspec; \
-	  git clone $(RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/spec; \
-	fi
-
-test-rubyspec:
-	@if [ ! -d $(srcdir)/rubyspec ]; then echo No rubyspec here.  make update-rubyspec first.; exit 1; fi
-	RUBY_EXE="$(RUNRUBY)" $(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/mspec/bin/mspec-run --background --prefix $(srcdir)/rubyspec/spec -B $(srcdir)/rubyspec/spec/ruby.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR).mspec
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 965ce6de5a..de1dafb533 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -1,541 +1,55 @@
 = NEWS
 
 This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
-releases except for bug fixes.
+releases excluding bug fixes.
 
 Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or
 reference information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes
 with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
 
-* REXML
+== Changes with Ruby 1.8.5
 
-  * REXML::Document.entity_expansion_limit=
-
-    New method to set the entity expansion limit. By default the limit is
-    set to 10000.  See the following URL for details.
-
-    http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2008/08/23/dos-vulnerability-in-rexml/
-
-== Changes since the 1.8.6 release
-
-=== Configuration changes
-
-* vendor_ruby directory
-
-  A new library directory named `vendor_ruby' is introduced in
-  addition to `site_ruby'.  The idea is to separate libraries
-  installed by the package system (`vendor') from manually (`site')
-  installed libraries preventing the former from getting overwritten
-  by the latter, while preserving the user option to override vendor
-  libraries with site libraries. (`site_ruby' takes precedence over
-  `vendor_ruby')
-
-  If you are a package maintainer, make each library package configure
-  the library passing the `--vendor' option to `extconf.rb' so that
-  the library files will get installed under `vendor_ruby'.
-
-  You can change the directory locations using configure options such
-  as `--with-sitedir=DIR' and `--with-vendordir=DIR'.
+=== New platforms/build tools support
 
-=== Global constants
+* IA64 HP-UX
 
-* new constants
+* Visual C++ 8 SP1
 
-  * RUBY_COPYRIGHT
-  * RUBY_DESCRIPTION
+* autoconf 2.6x
 
 === Library updates (outstanding ones only)
 
-* new library
-
-  * securerandom
-
-* builtin classes
-
-  * Array#flatten
-  * Array#flatten!
-
-    Takes an optional argument that determines the level of recursion
-    to flatten.
-
-  * Array#eql?
-  * Array#hash
-  * Array#==
-  * Array#<=>
-
-    Handle recursive data properly.
-
-  * Array#index
-  * Array#rindex
-
-    Take a block instead of an argument.
-
-  * Array#collect!
-  * Array#map!
-  * Array#each
-  * Array#each_index
-  * Array#reverse_each
-  * Array#reject
-  * Array#reject!
-  * Array#delete_if
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-    Note that #map and #collect still return an array unlike Ruby 1.9
-    to keep compatibility.
-
-  * Array#pop
-  * Array#shift
-
-    Take an optional argument specifying the number of elements to
-    remove.
-
-  * Array#choice
-  * Array#combination
-  * Array#cycle
-  * Array#drop
-  * Array#drop_while
-  * Array#permutation
-  * Array#product
-  * Array#shuffle
-  * Array#shuffle!
-  * Array#take,
-  * Array#take_while
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Binding#eval
-
-    New method.
-
-  * Dir#each
-  * Dir#foreach
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * Enumerable::Enumerator
-
-    New class for various enumeration defined by the enumerator library.
-
-  * Enumerable#each_slice
-  * Enumerable#each_cons
-  * Object#to_enum
-  * Object#enum_for
-
-    New methods for various enumeration defined by the enumerator library.
-
-  * Enumerable#count
-  * Enumerable#cycle
-  * Enumerable#drop
-  * Enumerable#drop_while
-  * Enumerable#find_index
-  * Enumerable#first
-  * Enumerable#group_by
-  * Enumerable#max_by
-  * Enumerable#min_by
-  * Enumerable#minmax
-  * Enumerable#minmax_by
-  * Enumerable#none?
-  * Enumerable#one?
-  * Enumerable#take
-  * Enumerable#take_while
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Enumerable#find
-  * Enumerable#find_all
-  * Enumerable#partition
-  * Enumerable#reject
-  * Enumerable#select
-  * Enumerable#sort_by
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-    Note that #map and #collect still return an array unlike Ruby 1.9
-    to keep compatibility.
-
-  * Enumerable#inject
-
-    Accepts a binary operator instead of a block.
-
-  * Enumerable#reduce
-
-    New alias to #inject.
-
-  * Hash#eql?
-  * Hash#hash
-  * Hash#==
-
-    Handle recursive data properly.
-
-  * Hash#delete_if
-  * Hash#each
-  * Hash#each_key
-  * Hash#each_pair
-  * Hash#each_value
-  * Hash#reject!
-  * Hash#select
-  * ENV.delete_if
-  * ENV.each
-  * ENV.each_key
-  * ENV.each_pair
-  * ENV.each_value
-  * ENV.reject!
-  * ENV.select
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * GC.stress
-  * GC.stress=
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Integer#ord
-  * Integer#odd?
-  * Integer#even?
-  * Integer#pred
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Integer#downto
-  * Integer#times
-  * Integer#upto
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * IO#each
-  * IO#each_line
-  * IO#each_byte
-  * IO.foreach
-  * ARGF.each
-  * ARGF.each_line
-  * ARGF.each_byte
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * IO#bytes
-  * IO#chars
-  * IO#each_char
-  * IO#getbyte
-  * IO#lines
-  * IO#readbyte
-  * ARGF.bytes
-  * ARGF.chars
-  * ARGF.each_char
-  * ARGF.getbyte
-  * ARGF.lines
-  * ARGF.readbyte
-
-    New methods. 
-
-  * Method#name
-  * Method#owner
-  * Method#receiver
-  * UnboundMethod#name
-  * UnboundMethod#owner
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Module#class_exec
-  * Module#module_exec
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * Numeric#step
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * Object#instance_exec
-  * Object#tap
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * ObjectSpace.each_object
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * Process.exec implemented.
-
-  * Range#each
-  * Range#step
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * Regexp.union accepts an array of patterns.
-
-  * String#bytesize
-
-    New method, returning the size in bytes. (alias length and size)
-
-  * String#chars
-  * String#each_char
-  * String#partition
-  * String#rpartition
-  * String#start_with?
-  * String#end_with?
-
-    New methods.  These are $KCODE aware unlike #index, #rindex and
-    #include?.
-
-  * String#each_byte
-  * String#each
-  * String#each_line
-  * String#gsub(pattern)
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * String#upto
-
-    An optional second argument is added to specify if the last value
-    should be included.
-
-  * StopIteration
-
-    New exception class that causes Kernel#loop to stop iteration when
-    raised.
-
-  * Struct#each
-  * Struct#each_pair
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-  * Symbol#to_proc
-
-    New method.
-
-  * __method__
-
-    New global function that returns the name of the current method as
-    a Symbol.
-
-* enumerator
-
-  * Enumerator is now a built-in module.  The #next and #rewind
-    methods are implemented using the "generator" library.  Use with
-    care and be aware of the performance loss.
-
-* ipaddr
-
-  * New methods
-    * IPAddr#<=>
-    * IPAddr#succ
-
-      IPAddr objects are now comparable and enumerable having these
-      methods.  This also means that it is possible to have a Range
-      object between two IPAddr objects.
-
-    * IPAddr#to_range
-
-      A new method to create a Range object for the (network) address.
-
-  * Type coercion support
-    * IPAddr#&
-    * IPAddr#|
-    * IPAddr#==
-    * IPAddr#include?
-
-      These methods now accept a string or an integer instead of an
-      IPAddr object as the argument.
-
-* net/smtp
-
-  * Support SSL/TLS.
-
-* openssl
-
-  * New classes
-    * OpenSSL::PKey::EC
-    * OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group
-    * OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point
-    * OpenSSL::PKey::PKCS5
-    * OpenSSL::SSL::Session
-
-  * Documentation!
-
-  * Various new methods (see documentation).
-
-  * Remove redundant module namespace in Cipher, Digest, PKCS7, PKCS12.
-    Compatibility classes are provided which will be removed in Ruby 1.9.
-
-* shellwords
-
-  * Add methods for escaping shell-unsafe characters:
-    * Shellwords.join
-    * Shellwords.escape
-    * Array#shelljoin
-    * String#shellescape
-
-  * Add shorthand methods:
-    * Shellwords.split (alias shellwords)
-    * String#shellsplit
-
-* stringio
-
-  * StringIO#getbyte
-  * StringIO#readbyte
-
-    New methods. (aliases for compatibility with 1.9)
-
-  * StringIO#each_char
-  * StringIO#chars
-
-    New methods.
-
-  * StringIO#each
-  * StringIO#each_line
-  * StringIO#each_byte
-
-    Return an enumerator if no block is given.
-
-* tempfile
-
-  * Tempfile.open and Tempfile.new now accept a suffix for the
-    temporary file to be created.  To specify a suffix, pass an array
-    of [basename, suffix] as the first argument.
-
-      Tempfile.open(['image', 'jpg']) { |tempfile| ... }
-
-* tmpdir
-
-  * New method:
-
-    * Dir.mktmpdir
-
-* uri
-
-  * added LDAPS scheme.
-  * Change for RFC3986:
-    * FTP
-      * URI('ftp://example.com/foo').path #=> 'foo'
-      * URI('ftp://example.com/%2Ffoo').path #=> '/foo'
-      * URI::FTP.build([nil, 'example.com', nil, '/foo', 'i').to_s #=> 'ftp://example.com/%2Ffoo;type=i'
-    * URI merge
-      * URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?q').merge('?y') == URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
-      * URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?q').merge('/./g') == URI('http://a/g')
-      * URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?q').merge('/../g') == URI('http://a/g')
-      * URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?q').merge('../../../g') == URI('http://a/g')
-      * URI('http://a/b/c/d;p?q').merge('../../../../g') == URI('http://a/g')
-
-* rss
-
-  * 0.1.6 -> 0.2.4
-
-  * Fix image module URI
-
-  * Atom support
-
-  * ITunes module support
-
-  * Slash module support
-
-  * content:encoded with RSS 2.0 support
-
-=== Interpreter Implementation
-
-* passing a block to a Proc [experimental]
-
-  This implementation in current shape is known to be buggy/broken,
-  especially with nested block invocation.  Take this as an
-  experimental feature.
-
-* stack trace
-
-  On non-SystemStackError exception, full stack trace is shown.
-
-=== Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes)
-
-* String#slice! had some unintentional bugs and they have been fixed
-  because either they disagreed with documentation or their respective
-  behavior of #slice.  Unfortunately, this causes some
-  incompatibilities in the following (somewhat rare) cases.
-
-  * #slice! no longer expands the array when an out-of-boundary value
-    is given.
-
-      # Ruby 1.8.6
-      a = [1,2]
-      a.slice!(4,0)   #=> nil
-      a               #=> [1,2,nil,nil]
-
-      # Ruby 1.8.7
-      a = [1,2]
-      a.slice!(4,0)   #=> nil
-      a               #=> [1,2]
-
-  * #slice! no longer raises an exception but returns nil when a
-    negative length or out-of-boundary negative position is given.
-
-      # Ruby 1.8.6
-      a = [1,2]
-      a.slice!(1,-1)  #=> (raises IndexError)
-      a.slice!(-5,1)  #=> (raises IndexError)
-
-      # Ruby 1.8.7
-      a = [1,2]
-      a.slice!(1,-1)  #=> nil
-      a.slice!(-5,1)  #=> nil
-
-* String#to_i, String#hex and String#oct no longer accept a sequence
-  of underscores (`__') as part of a number.
-
-    # Ruby 1.8.6
-    '1__0'.to_i     #=> 10
-    '1__0'.to_i(2)  #=> 2  # 0b10
-    '1__0'.oct      #=> 8  # 010
-    '1__0'.hex      #=> 16 # 0x10
-
-    # Ruby 1.8.7
-    '1__0'.to_i     #=> 1
-    '1__0'.to_i(2)  #=> 1
-    '1__0'.oct      #=> 1
-    '1__0'.hex      #=> 1
-
-  The old behavior was inconsistent with Ruby syntax and considered as
-  a bug.
-
 * date
 
-  * Date.parse
-
-    '##.##.##' (where each '#' is a digit) is now taken as 'YY.MM.DD'
-    instead of 'MM.DD.YY'.  While the change may confuse you, you can
-    always use Date.strptime() when you know what you are dealing
-    with.
-
-* stringio
-
-  * StringIO#each_byte
-
-    The return value changed from nil to self.  This is what the
-    document says and the same as each_line() does.
-
-* tempfile
+  * Updated based on date2 4.0.3.
 
-  * The file name format has changed.  No dots are included by default
-    in temporary file names any more.  See above for how to specify a
-    suffix.
+* digest
 
-* uri
+  * New internal APIs for C and Ruby.
 
-  * See above for details.
+  * Support for autoloading.
 
-== Changes since the 1.8.5 release
+  * See below for new features and compatibility issues.
 
-=== New platforms/build tools support
+* nkf
 
-* IA64 HP-UX
+  * Updated based on nkf as of 2007-01-28.
 
-* Visual C++ 8 SP1
+* tk
 
-* autoconf 2.6x
+  * Tk::X_Scrollable (Y_Scrollable) is renamed to Tk::XScrollable
+    (YScrollable). Tk::X_Scrollable (Y_Scrollable) is still available,
+    but it is an alias name.
 
-=== Global constants
+  * Updated Tile extension support based on Tile 0.7.8.
 
-* RUBY_PATCHLEVEL
+  * Support --without-X11 configure option for non-X11 versions of
+    Tcl/Tk (e.g. Tcl/Tk Aqua).
 
-  New constant since 1.8.5-p1.
+  * New sample script: irbtkw.rbw -- IRB on Ruby/Tk. It has no trouble
+    about STDIN blocking on Windows.
 
-=== Library updates (outstanding ones only)
+=== New methods and features
 
 * builtin classes
 
@@ -545,25 +59,13 @@ with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
 
   * New feature: Dir::glob() can now take an array of glob patterns.
 
-* date
-
-  * Updated based on date2 4.0.3.
-
 * digest
 
-  * New internal APIs for C and Ruby.
-
-  * Support for autoloading.
-
-      require 'digest'
-
-      # autoloads digest/md5
-      md = Digest::MD5.digest("string")
-
   * New digest class methods: file
 
-  * New digest instance methods: clone, reset, new, inspect,
-    digest_length (alias size or length), block_length()
+  * New digest instance methods: clone, reset, new,
+    inspect, digest_length (alias size or length),
+    block_length()
 
   * New library: digest/bubblebabble
 
@@ -573,25 +75,11 @@ with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
 
   * New option for FileUtils.cp_r(): :remove_destination
 
-* nkf
-
-  * Updated based on nkf as of 2007-01-28.
-
 * thread
 
-  * Replaced with much faster mutex implementation in C.  The former
-    implementation, which is slow but considered to be stable, is
-    available with a configure option `--disable-fastthread'.
-
-* tk
-
-  * Updated Tile extension support based on Tile 0.7.8.
-
-  * Support --without-X11 configure option for non-X11 versions of
-    Tcl/Tk (e.g. Tcl/Tk Aqua).
-
-  * New sample script: irbtkw.rbw -- IRB on Ruby/Tk. It has no trouble
-    about STDIN blocking on Windows.
+  * Replaced with much faster mutex implementation in C.
+    The former implementation is available with a
+    configure option `--disable-fastthread'.
 
 * webrick
 
@@ -604,17 +92,17 @@ with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
   * String#intern now raises SecurityError when $SAFE level is greater
     than zero.
 
-* date
+* fileutils
 
-  * Time#to_date and Time#to_datetime are added as private methods.
-    They cause name conflict error in ActiveSupport 1.4.1 and prior,
-    which comes with Rails 1.2.2 and prior.  Updating ActiveSupport
-    and/or Rails to the latest versions fixes the problem.
+  * A minor implementation change breaks Rake <=0.7.1.
+    Updating Rake to 0.7.2 fixes the problem.
 
 * digest
 
-  * The constructor does no longer take an initial string to feed.
-    The following examples show how to migrate:
+  * The constructor does no longer take an initial
+    string to feed; digest() and hexdigest() now do,
+    instead.  The following examples show how to
+    migrate:
 
       # Before
       md = Digest::MD5.new("string")
@@ -625,14 +113,3 @@ with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
       hd = Digest::MD5.new("string").hexdigest
       # After (works with any version)
       hd = Digest::MD5.hexdigest("string")
-
-* fileutils
-
-  * A minor implementation change breaks Rake <=0.7.1.
-    Updating Rake to 0.7.2 or higher fixes the problem.
-
-* tk
-
-  * Tk::X_Scrollable (Y_Scrollable) is renamed to Tk::XScrollable
-    (YScrollable). Tk::X_Scrollable (Y_Scrollable) is still available,
-    but it is an alias name.
diff --git a/README b/README
index 1b79781367..cf836415ad 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The Ruby distribution files can be found in the following FTP site:
 The latest source code of this version series can be checked out
 through SVN with the following command:
 
-  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_1_8/
+  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_1_8_6/
 
 The trunk of the Ruby source tree can be checked out with the
 following command:
@@ -70,10 +70,6 @@ This is what you need to do to compile and install Ruby:
 
   2. Run ./configure, which will generate config.h and Makefile.
 
-     Some C compiler flags may be added by default depending on your
-     environment.  Specify optflags=.. and warnflags=.. as necessary
-     to override them.
-
   3. Edit defines.h if you need.  Usually this step will not be needed.
 
   4. Remove comment mark(#) before the module names from ext/Setup (or
diff --git a/README.EXT b/README.EXT
index 637b19d25b..2fc2fd606a 100644
--- a/README.EXT
+++ b/README.EXT
@@ -662,11 +662,6 @@ Try generating the Makefile by:
 
   ruby extconf.rb
 
-If the library should be installed under vendor_ruby directory
-instead of site_ruby directory, use --vendor option as follows.
-
-  ruby extconf.rb --vendor
-
 You don't need this step if you put the extension library under the ext
 directory of the ruby source tree.  In that case, compilation of the
 interpreter will do this step for you.
diff --git a/README.EXT.ja b/README.EXT.ja
index 73425c2cdb..30c4d520ba 100644
--- a/README.EXT.ja
+++ b/README.EXT.ja
@@ -765,12 +765,6 @@ Makefile¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤ËÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï
 
 ¤È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
 
-site_ruby ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢
-vendor_ruby ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï
-°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë --vendor ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
-
-  ruby extconf.rb --vendor
-
 ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òext°Ê²¼¤ËÍÑ°Õ¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏRubyÁ´ÂΤÎmake¤Î»þ¤Ë
 ¼«Æ°Åª¤ËMakefile¤¬À¸À®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¡¤¤³¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥×¤ÏÉÔÍפǤ¹¡¥
 
diff --git a/README.ja b/README.ja
index 71ce4ee12c..df8cfc03f4 100644
--- a/README.ja
+++ b/README.ja
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Ruby¤Ï¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È½èÍý´Ø·¸¤ÎǽÎϤʤɤËÍ¥¤ì¡¤Perl¤ÈƱ¤¸¤¯¤é¤¤¶¯ÎÏ
 
 ËÜ¥Ö¥é¥ó¥Á¤ÎRuby¤ÎºÇ¿·¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
 
-  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_1_8/
+  $ svn co http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/branches/ruby_1_8_6/
 
 ³«È¯Àèü¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É¤Ï¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¼èÆÀ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
 
@@ -92,10 +92,6 @@ Ruby³ÈÄ¥¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÏ䷹礦ruby-ext¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È¤È
 
   2. configure¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤ÆMakefile¤Ê¤É¤òÀ¸À®¤¹¤ë
 
-     ´Ä¶­¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎC¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥éÍÑ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÉÕ¤­
-     ¤Þ¤¹¡¥configure¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç optflags=.. warnflags=.. Åù
-     ¤Ç¾å½ñ¤­¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-
   3. (ɬÍפʤé¤Ð)defines.h¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë
 
      ¿ʬ¡¤É¬Í×̵¤¤¤È»×¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index 89f74d01ff..503a7adba3 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -196,27 +196,6 @@ rb_ary_new4(n, elts)
     return ary;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-ary_make_shared(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    if (!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
-	NEWOBJ(shared, struct RArray);
-	OBJSETUP(shared, rb_cArray, T_ARRAY);
-
-	shared->len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-	shared->ptr = RARRAY(ary)->ptr;
-	shared->aux.capa = RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa;
-	RARRAY(ary)->aux.shared = (VALUE)shared;
-	FL_SET(ary, ELTS_SHARED);
-	OBJ_FREEZE(shared);
-	return (VALUE)shared;
-    }
-    else {
-	return RARRAY(ary)->aux.shared;
-    }
-}
-
 VALUE
 rb_assoc_new(car, cdr)
     VALUE car, cdr;
@@ -409,50 +388,6 @@ rb_ary_store(ary, idx, val)
     RARRAY(ary)->ptr[idx] = val;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-ary_shared_array(klass, ary)
-    VALUE klass;
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    VALUE val = ary_alloc(klass);
-
-    ary_make_shared(ary);
-    RARRAY(val)->ptr = RARRAY(ary)->ptr;
-    RARRAY(val)->len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-    RARRAY(val)->aux.shared = RARRAY(ary)->aux.shared;
-    FL_SET(val, ELTS_SHARED);
-    return val;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ary_shared_first(argc, argv, ary, last)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE ary;
-    int last;
-{
-    VALUE nv, result;
-    long n;
-    long offset = 0;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &nv);
-    n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-    if (n > RARRAY(ary)->len) {
-	n = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-    }
-    else if (n < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative array size");
-    }
-    if (last) {
-	offset = RARRAY(ary)->len - n;
-    }
-    result = ary_shared_array(rb_cArray, ary);
-    RARRAY(result)->ptr += offset;
-    RARRAY(result)->len = n;
-
-    return result;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     array << obj            -> array
@@ -500,6 +435,18 @@ rb_ary_push_m(argc, argv, ary)
     return ary;
 }
 
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     array.pop  -> obj or nil
+ *  
+ *  Removes the last element from <i>self</i> and returns it, or
+ *  <code>nil</code> if the array is empty.
+ *     
+ *     a = [ "a", "m", "z" ]
+ *     a.pop   #=> "z"
+ *     a       #=> ["a", "m"]
+ */
+
 VALUE
 rb_ary_pop(ary)
     VALUE ary;
@@ -507,7 +454,7 @@ rb_ary_pop(ary)
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (RARRAY(ary)->len == 0) return Qnil;
     if (!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED) &&
-	    RARRAY(ary)->len * 3 < RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa &&
+	    RARRAY(ary)->len * 2 < RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa &&
 	    RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa > ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
 	RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa = RARRAY(ary)->len * 2;
 	REALLOC_N(RARRAY(ary)->ptr, VALUE, RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa);
@@ -515,112 +462,62 @@ rb_ary_pop(ary)
     return RARRAY(ary)->ptr[--RARRAY(ary)->len];
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.pop    -> obj or nil
- *     array.pop(n) -> array
- *  
- *  Removes the last element from <i>self</i> and returns it, or
- *  <code>nil</code> if the array is empty.
- *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the last n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(-n, n)</code> does.
- *     
- *     a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d" ]
- *     a.pop     #=> "d"
- *     a.pop(2)  #=> ["b", "c"]
- *     a         #=> ["a"]
- */
-
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_pop_m(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+ary_make_shared(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    VALUE result;
+    if (!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
+	NEWOBJ(shared, struct RArray);
+	OBJSETUP(shared, rb_cArray, T_ARRAY);
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	return rb_ary_pop(ary);
+	shared->len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
+	shared->ptr = RARRAY(ary)->ptr;
+	shared->aux.capa = RARRAY(ary)->aux.capa;
+	RARRAY(ary)->aux.shared = (VALUE)shared;
+	FL_SET(ary, ELTS_SHARED);
+	OBJ_FREEZE(shared);
+	return (VALUE)shared;
     }
-
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    result = ary_shared_first(argc, argv, ary, Qtrue);
-    RARRAY(ary)->len -= RARRAY(result)->len;
-    return result;
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_ary_shift(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    VALUE top;
-
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    if (RARRAY(ary)->len == 0) return Qnil;
-    top = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0];
-    if (!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
-        if (RARRAY(ary)->len < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE) {
-            MEMMOVE(RARRAY(ary)->ptr, RARRAY(ary)->ptr+1, VALUE, RARRAY(ary)->len-1);
-	    RARRAY(ary)->len--;
-            return top;
-        }
-        RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0] = Qnil;
-	ary_make_shared(ary);
+    else {
+	return RARRAY(ary)->aux.shared;
     }
-    RARRAY(ary)->ptr++;		/* shift ptr */
-    RARRAY(ary)->len--;
-
-    return top;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     array.shift    -> obj or nil
- *     array.shift(n) -> array
+ *     array.shift   ->   obj or nil
  *  
  *  Returns the first element of <i>self</i> and removes it (shifting all
  *  other elements down by one). Returns <code>nil</code> if the array
  *  is empty.
- *
- *  If a number _n_ is given, returns an array of the first n elements
- *  (or less) just like <code>array.slice!(0, n)</code> does.
  *     
  *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift     #=> "-m"
- *     args           #=> ["-q", "filename"]
- *
- *     args = [ "-m", "-q", "filename" ]
- *     args.shift(2)  #=> ["-m", "-q"]
- *     args           #=> ["filename"]
+ *     args.shift   #=> "-m"
+ *     args         #=> ["-q", "filename"]
  */
 
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shift_m(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+VALUE
+rb_ary_shift(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    VALUE result;
-    long n;
-
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	return rb_ary_shift(ary);
-    }
+    VALUE top;
 
     rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
-    result = ary_shared_first(argc, argv, ary, Qfalse);
-    n = RARRAY(result)->len;
-    if (FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr += n;
-	RARRAY(ary)->len -= n;
-	}
+    if (RARRAY(ary)->len == 0) return Qnil;
+    top = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0];
+    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) < ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE && !FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
+	MEMMOVE(RARRAY_PTR(ary), RARRAY_PTR(ary)+1, VALUE, RARRAY_LEN(ary)-1);
+    }
     else {
-	MEMMOVE(RARRAY(ary)->ptr, RARRAY(ary)->ptr+n, VALUE, RARRAY(ary)->len-n);
-	RARRAY(ary)->len -= n;
+	if (!FL_TEST(ary, ELTS_SHARED)) {
+	    RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0] = Qnil;
+	}
+	ary_make_shared(ary);
+	RARRAY(ary)->ptr++;		/* shift ptr */
     }
+    RARRAY(ary)->len--;
 
-    return result;
+    return top;
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -855,7 +752,17 @@ rb_ary_first(argc, argv, ary)
 	return RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0];
     }
     else {
-	return ary_shared_first(argc, argv, ary, Qfalse);
+	VALUE nv, result;
+	long n, i;
+
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
+	n = NUM2LONG(nv);
+	if (n > RARRAY(ary)->len) n = RARRAY(ary)->len;
+	result = rb_ary_new2(n);
+	for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
+	    rb_ary_push(result, RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
+	}
+	return result;
     }
 }
 
@@ -881,7 +788,17 @@ rb_ary_last(argc, argv, ary)
 	return RARRAY(ary)->ptr[RARRAY(ary)->len-1];
     }
     else {
-	return ary_shared_first(argc, argv, ary, Qtrue);
+	VALUE nv, result;
+	long n, i;
+
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
+	n = NUM2LONG(nv);
+	if (n > RARRAY(ary)->len) n = RARRAY(ary)->len;
+	result = rb_ary_new2(n);
+	for (i=RARRAY(ary)->len-n; n--; i++) {
+	    rb_ary_push(result, RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
+	}
+	return result;
     }
 }
 
@@ -937,41 +854,24 @@ rb_ary_fetch(argc, argv, ary)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     array.index(obj)           ->  int or nil
- *     array.index {|item| block} ->  int or nil
+ *     array.index(obj)   ->  int or nil
  *  
- *  Returns the index of the first object in <i>self</i> such that is
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns first object for which <em>block</em> is true.
- *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
+ *  Returns the index of the first object in <i>self</i> such that is 
+ *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. Returns <code>nil</code> if
+ *  no match is found.
  *     
  *     a = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.index("b")        #=> 1
- *     a.index("z")        #=> nil
- *     a.index{|x|x=="b"}  #=> 1
- *
- *  This is an alias of <code>#find_index</code>.
+ *     a.index("b")   #=> 1
+ *     a.index("z")   #=> nil
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_index(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+rb_ary_index(ary, val)
     VALUE ary;
-{
     VALUE val;
+{
     long i;
 
-    if (argc  == 0) {
-	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-	for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]))) {
-		return LONG2NUM(i);
-	    }
-	}
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	if (rb_equal(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], val))
 	    return LONG2NUM(i);
@@ -983,44 +883,29 @@ rb_ary_index(argc, argv, ary)
  *  call-seq:
  *     array.rindex(obj)    ->  int or nil
  *  
- *  Returns the index of the last object in <i>array</i>
- *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. If a block is given instead of an
- *  argument, returns first object for which <em>block</em> is
- *  true. Returns <code>nil</code> if no match is found.
+ *  Returns the index of the last object in <i>array</i> 
+ *  <code>==</code> to <i>obj</i>. Returns <code>nil</code> if
+ *  no match is found.
  *     
  *     a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ]
- *     a.rindex("b")        #=> 3
- *     a.rindex("z")        #=> nil
- *     a.rindex{|x|x=="b"}  #=> 3
+ *     a.rindex("b")   #=> 3
+ *     a.rindex("z")   #=> nil
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_rindex(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+rb_ary_rindex(ary, val)
     VALUE ary;
-{
     VALUE val;
+{
     long i = RARRAY(ary)->len;
 
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-	while (i--) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i])))
-		return LONG2NUM(i);
-	    if (i > RARRAY(ary)->len) {
-		i = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-	    }
-	}
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &val);
     while (i--) {
-	if (rb_equal(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], val))
-	    return LONG2NUM(i);
 	if (i > RARRAY(ary)->len) {
 	    i = RARRAY(ary)->len;
+	    continue;
 	}
+	if (rb_equal(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], val))
+	    return LONG2NUM(i);
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -1256,7 +1141,6 @@ rb_ary_each(ary)
 {
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
     }
@@ -1284,7 +1168,6 @@ rb_ary_each_index(ary)
 {
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	rb_yield(LONG2NUM(i));
     }
@@ -1310,10 +1193,8 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ary_reverse_each(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    long len;
+    long len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
     while (len--) {
 	rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[len]);
 	if (RARRAY(ary)->len < len) {
@@ -1405,7 +1286,7 @@ rb_ary_join(ary, sep)
 	  case T_STRING:
 	    break;
 	  case T_ARRAY:
-	    if (tmp == ary || rb_inspecting_p(tmp)) {
+	    if (rb_inspecting_p(tmp)) {
 		tmp = rb_str_new2("[...]");
 	    }
 	    else {
@@ -1860,7 +1741,6 @@ rb_ary_collect_bang(ary)
 {
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	rb_ary_store(ary, i, rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]));
@@ -1945,7 +1825,6 @@ rb_ary_select(ary)
     VALUE result;
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     result = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY(ary)->len);
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	if (RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]))) {
@@ -2085,42 +1964,22 @@ rb_ary_slice_bang(argc, argv, ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
     VALUE arg1, arg2;
-    long pos, len, orig_len;
+    long pos, len;
 
-    rb_ary_modify_check(ary);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg1, &arg2) == 2) {
 	pos = NUM2LONG(arg1);
 	len = NUM2LONG(arg2);
       delete_pos_len:
-	if (len < 0) return Qnil;
-	orig_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
 	if (pos < 0) {
-	    pos += orig_len;
-	    if (pos < 0) return Qnil;
-	}
-	else if (orig_len < pos) return Qnil;
-	if (orig_len < pos + len) {
-	    len = orig_len - pos;
+	    pos = RARRAY(ary)->len + pos;
 	}
-	if (len == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	arg2 = rb_ary_new4(len, RARRAY_PTR(ary)+pos);
-	RBASIC(arg2)->klass = rb_obj_class(ary);
-	rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, Qnil);	/* Qundef in 1.9 */
+	arg2 = rb_ary_subseq(ary, pos, len);
+	rb_ary_splice(ary, pos, len, Qnil);	/* Qnil/rb_ary_new2(0) */
 	return arg2;
     }
 
-    if (!FIXNUM_P(arg1)) {
-	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &pos, &len, RARRAY_LEN(ary), 0)) {
-	  case Qtrue:
-	    /* valid range */
-	    goto delete_pos_len;
-	  case Qnil:
-	    /* invalid range */
-	    return Qnil;
-	  default:
-	    /* not a range */
-	    break;
-	}
+    if (!FIXNUM_P(arg1) && rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &pos, &len, RARRAY(ary)->len, 1)) {
+	goto delete_pos_len;
     }
 
     return rb_ary_delete_at(ary, NUM2LONG(arg1));
@@ -2142,7 +2001,6 @@ rb_ary_reject_bang(ary)
 {
     long i1, i2;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     rb_ary_modify(ary);
     for (i1 = i2 = 0; i1 < RARRAY(ary)->len; i1++) {
 	VALUE v = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i1];
@@ -2171,7 +2029,6 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ary_reject(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
     rb_ary_reject_bang(ary);
     return ary;
@@ -2192,7 +2049,6 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ary_delete_if(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
     rb_ary_reject_bang(ary);
     return ary;
 }
@@ -2576,8 +2432,9 @@ rb_ary_assoc(ary, key)
     VALUE v;
 
     for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; ++i) {
-	v = rb_check_array_type(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
-	if (!NIL_P(v) && RARRAY(v)->len > 0 &&
+	v = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i];
+	if (TYPE(v) == T_ARRAY &&
+	    RARRAY(v)->len > 0 &&
 	    rb_equal(RARRAY(v)->ptr[0], key))
 	    return v;
     }
@@ -2615,15 +2472,12 @@ rb_ary_rassoc(ary, value)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE recursive_equal _((VALUE, VALUE, int));
 static VALUE
-recursive_equal(ary1, ary2, recur)
+recursive_equal(ary1, ary2)
     VALUE ary1, ary2;
-    int recur;
 {
     long i;
 
-    if (recur) return Qfalse;
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary1)->len; i++) {
 	if (!rb_equal(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), rb_ary_elt(ary2, i)))
 	    return Qfalse;
@@ -2657,18 +2511,16 @@ rb_ary_equal(ary1, ary2)
 	return rb_equal(ary2, ary1);
     }
     if (RARRAY(ary1)->len != RARRAY(ary2)->len) return Qfalse;
-    return rb_exec_recursive(recursive_equal, ary1, ary2);
+    if (rb_inspecting_p(ary1)) return Qfalse;
+    return rb_protect_inspect(recursive_equal, ary1, ary2);
 }
 
-static VALUE recursive_eql _((VALUE, VALUE, int));
 static VALUE
-recursive_eql(ary1, ary2, recur)
+recursive_eql(ary1, ary2)
     VALUE ary1, ary2;
-    int recur;
 {
     long i;
 
-    if (recur) return Qfalse;
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary1)->len; i++) {
 	if (!rb_eql(rb_ary_elt(ary1, i), rb_ary_elt(ary2, i)))
 	    return Qfalse;
@@ -2691,23 +2543,19 @@ rb_ary_eql(ary1, ary2)
     if (ary1 == ary2) return Qtrue;
     if (TYPE(ary2) != T_ARRAY) return Qfalse;
     if (RARRAY(ary1)->len != RARRAY(ary2)->len) return Qfalse;
-    return rb_exec_recursive(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2);
+    if (rb_inspecting_p(ary1)) return Qfalse;
+    return rb_protect_inspect(recursive_eql, ary1, ary2);
 }
 
-static VALUE recursive_hash _((VALUE, VALUE, int));
+static VALUE recursive_hash _((VALUE ary));
+
 static VALUE
-recursive_hash(ary, dummy, recur)
+recursive_hash(ary)
     VALUE ary;
-    VALUE dummy;
-    int recur;
 {
     long i, h;
     VALUE n;
 
-    if (recur) {
-	return LONG2FIX(0);
-    }
-
     h = RARRAY(ary)->len;
     for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
 	h = (h << 1) | (h<0 ? 1 : 0);
@@ -2729,7 +2577,10 @@ static VALUE
 rb_ary_hash(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    return rb_exec_recursive(recursive_hash, ary, 0);
+    if (rb_inspecting_p(ary)) {
+	return LONG2FIX(0);
+    }
+    return rb_protect_inspect(recursive_hash, ary, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2760,17 +2611,12 @@ rb_ary_includes(ary, item)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-
-static VALUE recursive_cmp _((VALUE, VALUE, int));
-static VALUE
-recursive_cmp(ary1, ary2, recur)
-    VALUE ary1;
-    VALUE ary2;
-    int recur;
+VALUE
+recursive_cmp(ary1, ary2)
+    VALUE ary1, ary2;
 {
     long i, len;
 
-    if (recur) return Qnil;
     len = RARRAY(ary1)->len;
     if (len > RARRAY(ary2)->len) {
 	len = RARRAY(ary2)->len;
@@ -2813,7 +2659,8 @@ rb_ary_cmp(ary1, ary2)
 
     ary2 = to_ary(ary2);
     if (ary1 == ary2) return INT2FIX(0);
-    v = rb_exec_recursive(recursive_cmp, ary1, ary2);
+    if (rb_inspecting_p(ary1)) return INT2FIX(0);
+    v = rb_protect_inspect(recursive_cmp, ary1, ary2);
     if (v != Qundef) return v;
     len = RARRAY(ary1)->len - RARRAY(ary2)->len;
     if (len == 0) return INT2FIX(0);
@@ -3054,7 +2901,6 @@ rb_ary_compact(ary)
  *     array.nitems -> int
  *  
  *  Returns the number of non-<code>nil</code> elements in _self_.
- *
  *  May be zero.
  *     
  *     [ 1, nil, 3, nil, 5 ].nitems   #=> 3
@@ -3067,691 +2913,110 @@ rb_ary_nitems(ary)
     long n = 0;
     VALUE *p, *pend;
 
-    for (p = RARRAY(ary)->ptr, pend = p + RARRAY(ary)->len; p < pend; p++) {
+    p = RARRAY(ary)->ptr;
+    pend = p + RARRAY(ary)->len;
+
+    while (p < pend) {
 	if (!NIL_P(*p)) n++;
+	p++;
     }
     return LONG2NUM(n);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.count      -> int
- *     array.count(obj) -> int
- *     array.count { |item| block }  -> int
- *  
- *  Returns the number of elements.  If an argument is given, counts
- *  the number of elements which equals to <i>obj</i>.  If a block is
- *  given, counts the number of elements yielding a true value.
- *
- *     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
- *     ary.count             # => 4
- *     ary.count(2)          # => 2
- *     ary.count{|x|x%2==0}  # => 3
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_count(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+static long
+flatten(ary, idx, ary2, memo)
     VALUE ary;
+    long idx;
+    VALUE ary2, memo;
 {
-    long n = 0;
-
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	VALUE *p, *pend;
-
-	if (!rb_block_given_p())
-	    return LONG2NUM(RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-
-	for (p = RARRAY_PTR(ary), pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary); p < pend; p++) {
-	    if (RTEST(rb_yield(*p))) n++;
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE obj, *p, *pend;
+    VALUE id;
+    long i = idx;
+    long n, lim = idx + RARRAY(ary2)->len;
 
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &obj);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warn("given block not used");
-	}
-	for (p = RARRAY_PTR(ary), pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(ary); p < pend; p++) {
-	    if (rb_equal(*p, obj)) n++;
-	}
+    id = rb_obj_id(ary2);
+    if (rb_ary_includes(memo, id)) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
     }
+    rb_ary_push(memo, id);
+    rb_ary_splice(ary, idx, 1, ary2);
+    while (i < lim) {
+	VALUE tmp;
 
-    return LONG2NUM(n);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-flatten(ary, level, modified)
-    VALUE ary;
-    int level;
-    int *modified;
-{
-    long i = 0;
-    VALUE stack, result, tmp, elt;
-    st_table *memo;
-    st_data_t id;
-
-    stack = ary_new(0, ARY_DEFAULT_SIZE);
-    result = ary_new(0, RARRAY_LEN(ary));
-    memo = st_init_numtable();
-    st_insert(memo, (st_data_t)ary, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-    *modified = 0;
-
-    while (1) {
-	while (i < RARRAY(ary)->len) {
-	    elt = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i++];
-	    tmp = rb_check_array_type(elt);
-	    if (RBASIC(result)->klass) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "flatten reentered");
-	    }
-	    if (NIL_P(tmp) || (level >= 0 && RARRAY(stack)->len / 2 >= level)) {
-		rb_ary_push(result, elt);
-	    }
-	    else {
-		*modified = 1;
-		id = (st_data_t)tmp;
-		if (st_lookup(memo, id, 0)) {
-		    st_free_table(memo);
-		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "tried to flatten recursive array");
-		}
-		st_insert(memo, id, (st_data_t)Qtrue);
-		rb_ary_push(stack, ary);
-		rb_ary_push(stack, LONG2NUM(i));
-		ary = tmp;
-		i = 0;
-	    }
+	tmp = rb_check_array_type(rb_ary_elt(ary, i));
+	if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+	    n = flatten(ary, i, tmp, memo);
+	    i += n; lim += n;
 	}
-	if (RARRAY(stack)->len == 0) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	id = (st_data_t)ary;
-	st_delete(memo, &id, 0);
-	tmp = rb_ary_pop(stack);
-	i = NUM2LONG(tmp);
-	ary = rb_ary_pop(stack);
+	i++;
     }
+    rb_ary_pop(memo);
 
-    st_free_table(memo);
-
-    RBASIC(result)->klass = rb_class_of(ary);
-    return result;
+    return lim - idx - 1;	/* returns number of increased items */
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     array.flatten! -> array or nil
- *     array.flatten!(level) -> array or nil
  *  
  *  Flattens _self_ in place.
  *  Returns <code>nil</code> if no modifications were made (i.e.,
- *  <i>array</i> contains no subarrays.)  If the optional <i>level</i>
- *  argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
+ *  <i>array</i> contains no subarrays.)
  *     
  *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
  *     a.flatten!   #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  *     a.flatten!   #=> nil
  *     a            #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten!(1) #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_flatten_bang(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+rb_ary_flatten_bang(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
+    long i = 0;
+    int mod = 0;
+    VALUE memo = Qnil;
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return ary;
+    while (i<RARRAY(ary)->len) {
+	VALUE ary2 = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i];
+	VALUE tmp;
 
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
+	tmp = rb_check_array_type(ary2);
+	if (!NIL_P(tmp)) {
+	    if (NIL_P(memo)) {
+		memo = rb_ary_new();
+	    }
+	    i += flatten(ary, i, tmp, memo);
+	    mod = 1;
+	}
+	i++;
+    }
     if (mod == 0) return Qnil;
-    rb_ary_replace(ary, result);
-
     return ary;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     array.flatten -> an_array
- *     array.flatten(level) -> an_array
  *  
  *  Returns a new array that is a one-dimensional flattening of this
  *  array (recursively). That is, for every element that is an array,
- *  extract its elements into the new array.  If the optional
- *  <i>level</i> argument determines the level of recursion to flatten.
+ *  extract its elements into the new array.
  *     
  *     s = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
  *     t = [ 4, 5, 6, [7, 8] ]   #=> [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]]
  *     a = [ s, t, 9, 10 ]       #=> [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, [7, 8]], 9, 10]
- *     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
- *     a = [ 1, 2, [3, [4, 5] ] ]
- *     a.flatten(1)              #=> [1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
+ *     a.flatten                 #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_ary_flatten(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+rb_ary_flatten(ary)
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    int mod = 0, level = -1;
-    VALUE result, lv;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &lv);
-    if (!NIL_P(lv)) level = NUM2INT(lv);
-    if (level == 0) return ary;
-
-    result = flatten(ary, level, &mod);
-    if (OBJ_TAINTED(ary)) OBJ_TAINT(result);
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.shuffle!        -> array or nil
- *  
- *  Shuffles elements in _self_ in place.
- */
-
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle_bang(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    long i = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-
-    rb_ary_modify(ary);
-    while (i) {
-	long j = rb_genrand_real()*i;
-	VALUE tmp = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[--i];
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i] = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[j];
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[j] = tmp;
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.shuffle -> an_array
- *  
- *  Returns a new array with elements of this array shuffled.
- *     
- *     a = [ 1, 2, 3 ]           #=> [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.shuffle                 #=> [2, 3, 1]
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_shuffle(VALUE ary)
-{
     ary = rb_ary_dup(ary);
-    rb_ary_shuffle_bang(ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     array.choice        -> obj
- *  
- *  Choose a random element from an array.
- */
-
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_choice(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    long i, j;
-
-    i = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-    if (i == 0) return Qnil;
-    j = rb_genrand_real()*i;
-    return RARRAY(ary)->ptr[j];
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.cycle {|obj| block }
- *     ary.cycle(n) {|obj| block }
- *  
- *  Calls <i>block</i> for each element repeatedly _n_ times or
- *  forever if none or nil is given.  If a non-positive number is
- *  given or the array is empty, does nothing.  Returns nil if the
- *  loop has finished without getting interrupted.
- *     
- *     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.cycle {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
- *     a.cycle(2) {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_cycle(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    long n, i;
-    VALUE nv = Qnil;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);
-    if (NIL_P(nv)) {
-        n = -1;
-    }
-    else {
-        n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-        if (n <= 0) return Qnil;
-    }
-
-    while (RARRAY(ary)->len > 0 && (n < 0 || 0 < n--)) {
-        for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
-            rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-#define tmpbuf(n, size) rb_str_tmp_new((n)*(size))
-
-/*
- * Recursively compute permutations of r elements of the set [0..n-1].
- * When we have a complete permutation of array indexes, copy the values
- * at those indexes into a new array and yield that array. 
- *
- * n: the size of the set 
- * r: the number of elements in each permutation
- * p: the array (of size r) that we're filling in
- * index: what index we're filling in now
- * used: an array of booleans: whether a given index is already used
- * values: the Ruby array that holds the actual values to permute
- */
-static void
-permute0(n, r, p, index, used, values)
-    long n, r, *p, index;
-    int *used;
-    VALUE values;
-{
-    long i,j;
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	if (used[i] == 0) {
-	    p[index] = i;
-	    if (index < r-1) {             /* if not done yet */
-		used[i] = 1;               /* mark index used */
-		permute0(n, r, p, index+1, /* recurse */
-			 used, values);  
-		used[i] = 0;               /* index unused */
-	    }
-	    else {
-		/* We have a complete permutation of array indexes */
-		/* Build a ruby array of the corresponding values */
-		/* And yield it to the associated block */
-		VALUE result = rb_ary_new2(r);
-		VALUE *result_array = RARRAY(result)->ptr;
-		const VALUE *values_array = RARRAY(values)->ptr;
-
-		for (j = 0; j < r; j++) result_array[j] = values_array[p[j]];
-		RARRAY(result)->len = r;
-		rb_yield(result);
-	    }
-	}
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.permutation { |p| block }          -> array
- *     ary.permutation                        -> enumerator
- *     ary.permutation(n) { |p| block }       -> array
- *     ary.permutation(n)                     -> enumerator
- *  
- * When invoked with a block, yield all permutations of length <i>n</i>
- * of the elements of <i>ary</i>, then return the array itself.
- * If <i>n</i> is not specified, yield all permutations of all elements.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which 
- * the permutations are yielded.
- *
- * When invoked without a block, return an enumerator object instead.
- * 
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3]
- *     a.permutation.to_a     #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3]]
- *     a.permutation(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[2,1],[2,3],[3,1],[3,2]]
- *     a.permutation(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
- *     a.permutation(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one permutation of length 0
- *     a.permutation(4).to_a  #=> []   # no permutations of length 4
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_permutation(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    VALUE num;
-    long r, n, i;
-
-    n = RARRAY(ary)->len;                  /* Array length */
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, argc, argv);   /* Return enumerator if no block */
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &num);
-    r = NIL_P(num) ? n : NUM2LONG(num);   /* Permutation size from argument */
-
-    if (r < 0 || n < r) { 
-	/* no permutations: yield nothing */
-    }
-    else if (r == 0) { /* exactly one permutation: the zero-length array */
-	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
-    }
-    else if (r == 1) { /* this is a special, easy case */
-	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]));
-	}
-    }
-    else {             /* this is the general case */
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(long));
-	long *p = (long*)RSTRING(t0)->ptr;
-	volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n,sizeof(int));
-	int *used = (int*)RSTRING(t1)->ptr;
-	VALUE ary0 = ary_make_shared(ary); /* private defensive copy of ary */
-
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) used[i] = 0; /* initialize array */
-
-	permute0(n, r, p, 0, used, ary0); /* compute and yield permutations */
-	RB_GC_GUARD(t0);
-	RB_GC_GUARD(t1);
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-
-static long
-combi_len(n, k)
-    long n, k;
-{
-    long i, val = 1;
-
-    if (k*2 > n) k = n-k;
-    if (k == 0) return 1;
-    if (k < 0) return 0;
-    val = 1;
-    for (i=1; i <= k; i++,n--) {
-	long m = val;
-	val *= n;
-	if (val < m) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "too big for combination");
-	}
-	val /= i;
-    }
-    return val;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.combination(n) { |c| block }    -> ary
- *     ary.combination(n)                  -> enumerator
- *  
- * When invoked with a block, yields all combinations of length <i>n</i> 
- * of elements from <i>ary</i> and then returns <i>ary</i> itself.
- * The implementation makes no guarantees about the order in which 
- * the combinations are yielded.
- *
- * When invoked without a block, returns an enumerator object instead.
- *     
- * Examples:
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- *     a.combination(1).to_a  #=> [[1],[2],[3],[4]]
- *     a.combination(2).to_a  #=> [[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[3,4]]
- *     a.combination(3).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3],[1,2,4],[1,3,4],[2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(4).to_a  #=> [[1,2,3,4]]
- *     a.combination(0).to_a  #=> [[]] # one combination of length 0
- *     a.combination(5).to_a  #=> []   # no combinations of length 5
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_combination(ary, num)
-    VALUE ary;
-    VALUE num;
-{
-    long n, i, len;
-
-    n = NUM2LONG(num);
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 1, &num);
-    len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-    if (n < 0 || len < n) {
-	/* yield nothing */
-    }
-    else if (n == 0) {
-	rb_yield(rb_ary_new2(0));
-    }
-    else if (n == 1) {
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new3(1, RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]));
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n+1, sizeof(long));
-	long *stack = (long*)RSTRING(t0)->ptr;
-	long nlen = combi_len(len, n);
-	volatile VALUE cc = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	VALUE *chosen = RARRAY(cc)->ptr;
-	long lev = 0;
-
-	RBASIC(cc)->klass = 0;
-	MEMZERO(stack, long, n);
-	stack[0] = -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nlen; i++) {
-	    chosen[lev] = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[stack[lev+1]];
-	    for (lev++; lev < n; lev++) {
-		chosen[lev] = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[stack[lev+1] = stack[lev]+1];
-	    }
-	    rb_yield(rb_ary_new4(n, chosen));
-	    do {
-		stack[lev--]++;
-	    } while (lev && (stack[lev+1]+n == len+lev+1));
-	}
-    }
+    rb_ary_flatten_bang(ary);
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.product(other_ary, ...)
- *  
- *  Returns an array of all combinations of elements from all arrays.
- *  The length of the returned array is the product of the length
- *  of ary and the argument arrays
- *     
- *     [1,2,3].product([4,5])     # => [[1,4],[1,5],[2,4],[2,5],[3,4],[3,5]]
- *     [1,2].product([1,2])       # => [[1,1],[1,2],[2,1],[2,2]]
- *     [1,2].product([3,4],[5,6]) # => [[1,3,5],[1,3,6],[1,4,5],[1,4,6],
- *                                #     [2,3,5],[2,3,6],[2,4,5],[2,4,6]]
- *     [1,2].product()            # => [[1],[2]]
- *     [1,2].product([])          # => []
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_product(argc, argv, ary)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    int n = argc+1;    /* How many arrays we're operating on */
-    volatile VALUE t0 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(VALUE));
-    volatile VALUE t1 = tmpbuf(n, sizeof(int));
-    VALUE *arrays = (VALUE*)RSTRING(t0)->ptr; /* The arrays we're computing the product of */
-    int *counters = (int*)RSTRING(t1)->ptr; /* The current position in each one */
-    VALUE result;      /* The array we'll be returning */
-    long i,j;
-    long resultlen = 1;
-
-    RBASIC(t0)->klass = 0;
-    RBASIC(t1)->klass = 0;
-
-    /* initialize the arrays of arrays */
-    arrays[0] = ary;
-    for (i = 1; i < n; i++) arrays[i] = to_ary(argv[i-1]);
-    
-    /* initialize the counters for the arrays */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) counters[i] = 0;
-
-    /* Compute the length of the result array; return [] if any is empty */
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-	long k = RARRAY(arrays[i])->len, l = resultlen;
-	if (k == 0) return rb_ary_new2(0);
-	resultlen *= k;
-	if (resultlen < k || resultlen < l || resultlen / k != l) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "too big to product");
-	}
-    }
-
-    /* Otherwise, allocate and fill in an array of results */
-    result = rb_ary_new2(resultlen);
-    for (i = 0; i < resultlen; i++) {
-	int m;
-	/* fill in one subarray */
-	VALUE subarray = rb_ary_new2(n);
-	for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-	    rb_ary_push(subarray, rb_ary_entry(arrays[j], counters[j]));
-	}
-
-	/* put it on the result array */
-	rb_ary_push(result, subarray);
-
-	/*
-	 * Increment the last counter.  If it overflows, reset to 0
-	 * and increment the one before it.
-	 */
-	m = n-1;
-	counters[m]++;
-	while (m > 0 && counters[m] == RARRAY(arrays[m])->len) {
-	    counters[m] = 0;
-	    m--;
-	    counters[m]++;
-	}
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take(n)               => array
- *  
- *  Returns first n elements from <i>ary</i>.
- *     
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take(3)             # => [1, 2, 3]
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_take(obj, n)
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE n;
-{
-    long len = NUM2LONG(n);
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to take negative size");
-    }
-
-    return rb_ary_subseq(obj, 0, len);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.take_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *  
- *  Passes elements to the block until the block returns nil or false,
- *  then stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
- *     
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [1, 2]
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_take_while(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    long i;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]))) break;
-    }
-    return rb_ary_take(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop(n)               => array
- *  
- *  Drops first n elements from <i>ary</i>, and returns rest elements
- *  in an array.
- *     
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop(3)             # => [4, 5, 0]
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_drop(ary, n)
-    VALUE ary;
-    VALUE n;
-{
-    VALUE result;
-    long pos = NUM2LONG(n);
-    if (pos < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to drop negative size");
-    }
-
-    result = rb_ary_subseq(ary, pos, RARRAY(ary)->len);
-    if (result == Qnil) result = rb_ary_new();
-    return result;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ary.drop_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *  
- *  Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for
- *  which the block returns nil or false and returns an array
- *  containing the remaining elements.
- *     
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_ary_drop_while(ary)
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    long i;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(ary, 0, 0);
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
-	if (!RTEST(rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]))) break;
-    }
-    return rb_ary_drop(ary, LONG2FIX(i));
-}
-
-
 
 /* Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object. 
  * Array indexing starts at 0, as in C or Java.  A negative index is 
@@ -3790,8 +3055,8 @@ Init_Array()
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "concat", rb_ary_concat, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "<<", rb_ary_push, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "push", rb_ary_push_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "pop", rb_ary_pop_m, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shift", rb_ary_shift_m, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "pop", rb_ary_pop, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shift", rb_ary_shift, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "unshift", rb_ary_unshift_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "insert", rb_ary_insert, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "each", rb_ary_each, 0);
@@ -3800,9 +3065,8 @@ Init_Array()
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "length", rb_ary_length, 0);
     rb_define_alias(rb_cArray,  "size", "length");
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "empty?", rb_ary_empty_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "find_index", rb_ary_index, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rindex", rb_ary_rindex, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "index", rb_ary_index, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "rindex", rb_ary_rindex, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "indexes", rb_ary_indexes, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "indices", rb_ary_indexes, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "join", rb_ary_join_m, -1);
@@ -3846,22 +3110,9 @@ Init_Array()
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "uniq!", rb_ary_uniq_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact", rb_ary_compact, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "compact!", rb_ary_compact_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten!", rb_ary_flatten_bang, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten", rb_ary_flatten, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "flatten!", rb_ary_flatten_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "nitems", rb_ary_nitems, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "count", rb_ary_count, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle!", rb_ary_shuffle_bang, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "shuffle", rb_ary_shuffle, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "choice", rb_ary_choice, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "cycle", rb_ary_cycle, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "permutation", rb_ary_permutation, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "combination", rb_ary_combination, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "product", rb_ary_product, -1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "take", rb_ary_take, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "take_while", rb_ary_take_while, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop", rb_ary_drop, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cArray, "drop_while", rb_ary_drop_while, 0);
 
     id_cmp = rb_intern("<=>");
     inspect_key = rb_intern("__inspect_key__");
diff --git a/bcc32/Makefile.sub b/bcc32/Makefile.sub
index 713b5c69df..b5546104d0 100644
--- a/bcc32/Makefile.sub
+++ b/bcc32/Makefile.sub
@@ -4,12 +4,8 @@ SHELL = $(COMSPEC)
 MKFILES = Makefile
 
 #### Start of system configuration section. ####
-!ifndef OS
 OS = bccwin32
-!endif
-!if !defined(RT)
-!error RT not defined.  Retry from configure pass.
-!endif
+RT = $(OS)
 
 ## variables may be overridden by $(compile_dir)/Makefile
 !ifndef srcdir
@@ -141,7 +137,7 @@ STACK = 0x2000000
 
 XCFLAGS = -DRUBY_EXPORT -I. -I$(srcdir) -I$(srcdir)/missing
 
-ARFLAGS = /a /p32
+ARFLAGS = /a
 LD = ilink32 -q -Gn
 LDSHARED  = $(LD)
 XLDFLAGS  = -Tpe c0x32.obj
@@ -157,8 +153,8 @@ EXEEXT = .exe
 PROGRAM=$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
 WPROGRAM=$(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME)$(EXEEXT)
 RUBYDEF = $(RUBY_SO_NAME).def
-MINIRUBY = .\miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib $(MINIRUBYOPT)
-RUNRUBY = .\$(PROGRAM) "$(srcdir)/runruby.rb" --extout="$(EXTOUT)" --
+MINIRUBY = .\miniruby$(EXEEXT) $(MINIRUBYOPT)
+RUNRUBY = .\ruby$(EXEEXT) "$(srcdir)/runruby.rb" --extout="$(EXTOUT)" --
 
 ORGLIBPATH = $(LIB)
 
@@ -201,13 +197,7 @@ rubyw: $(WPROGRAM)
 
 !include $(srcdir)/common.mk
 
-$(MKFILES): $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub $(srcdir)/bcc32/configure.bat $(srcdir)/bcc32/setup.mak
-	$(COMSPEC) /C $(srcdir:/=\)\bcc32\configure.bat $(configure_args)
-	@echo $(MKFILES) should be updated, re-run $(MAKE).
-	@$(MAKE) > nul -q -f &&|
-PHONY: nul
-	@exit
-|
+PHONY: Makefile
 
 CONFIG_H = ./.config.h.time
 
@@ -263,7 +253,6 @@ $(CONFIG_H): $(MKFILES) $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
 \#define HAVE_STRTOD 1
 \#define HAVE_STRTOL 1
 \#define HAVE_STRTOUL 1
-\#define HAVE_VSNPRINTF 1
 \#define HAVE_ISNAN 1
 \#define HAVE_FINITE 1
 \#define HAVE_HYPOT 1
@@ -283,9 +272,6 @@ $(CONFIG_H): $(MKFILES) $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
 \#define RSHIFT(x,y) ((x)>>(int)y)
 \#define FILE_COUNT level
 \#define FILE_READPTR curp
-\#define RUBY_SETJMP(env) _setjmp(env)
-\#define RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val) longjmp(env,val)
-\#define RUBY_JMP_BUF jmp_buf
 \#define inline __inline
 \#define NEED_IO_SEEK_BETWEEN_RW 1
 \#define STACK_GROW_DIRECTION -1
@@ -294,12 +280,9 @@ $(CONFIG_H): $(MKFILES) $(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
 \#define RUBY_LIB "/lib/ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)"
 \#define RUBY_SITE_LIB "/lib/ruby/site_ruby"
 \#define RUBY_SITE_LIB2 "/lib/ruby/site_ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)"
-\#define RUBY_VENDOR_LIB "/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby"
-\#define RUBY_VENDOR_LIB2 "/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)"
 \#define RUBY_PLATFORM "$(ARCH)-$(OS)"
 \#define RUBY_ARCHLIB "/lib/ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)/$(ARCH)-$(OS)"
 \#define RUBY_SITE_ARCHLIB "/lib/ruby/site_ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)/$(ARCH)-$(OS)"
-\#define RUBY_VENDOR_ARCHLIB "/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)/$(ARCH)-$(OS)"
 |
 	@exit > $@
 
@@ -353,7 +336,7 @@ s,@RANLIB@,,;t t
 s,@AR@,$(AR),;t t
 s,@ARFLAGS@,$(ARFLAGS) ,;t t
 s,@LN_S@,$(LN_S),;t t
-s,@SET_MAKE@,MFLAGS = -$$(MAKEFLAGS),;t t
+s,@SET_MAKE@,$(SET_MAKE),;t t
 s,@CP@,copy > nul,;t t
 s,@LIBOBJS@, acosh.obj crypt.obj erf.obj win32.obj,;t t
 s,@ALLOCA@,$(ALLOCA),;t t
@@ -412,7 +395,6 @@ s,@EXPORT_PREFIX@,_,;t t
 s,@arch@,$(ARCH)-$(OS),;t t
 s,@sitearch@,$(ARCH)-$(OS),;t t
 s,@sitedir@,$${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby,;t t
-s,@vendordir@,$${prefix}/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby,;t t
 s,@configure_args@,--enable-shared $(configure_args),;t t
 s,@configure_input@,$$configure_input,;t t
 s,@srcdir@,$(srcdir),;t t
@@ -467,46 +449,14 @@ post-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-local::
-		@$(RM) $(WINMAINOBJ) ext\extinit.c ext\extinit.$(OBJEXT) *.tds *.il? $(RUBY_SO_NAME).lib
+		@$(RM) ext\extinit.c ext\extinit.$(OBJEXT) *.tds *.il? $(RUBY_SO_NAME).lib
 		@$(RM) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).res $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).res $(RUBY_SO_NAME).res
-		@$(RM) *.map *.pdb *.ilk *.exp $(RUBYDEF)
 
 distclean-local::
 		@$(RM) ext\config.cache $(RBCONFIG:/=\)
+		@$(RM) *.map *.pdb *.ilk *.exp $(RUBYDEF)
 		@$(RM) $(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME).rc $(RUBY_SO_NAME).rc
 
-update-rubyspec:
-	@echo SPEC_EXISTS=0 > $@.mk
-	@if exist $(srcdir:/=\)\rubyspec\nul echo SPEC_EXISTS=1 >> $@.mk
-	@type >> $@.mk &&|
-$()update-rubyspec:
-$()	@del $@.mk
-$()!if $$(SPEC_EXISTS)
-$()	cd $(srcdir:/=\)\rubyspec\mspec
-$()	git pull
-$()	cd ..\spec\rubyspec
-$()	git pull
-$()!else
-$()	git clone $(MSPEC_GIT_URL) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/mspec
-$()	git clone $(RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/spec/rubyspec
-$()!endif
-|
-	@$(MAKE) -$(MAKEFLAGS)$(MFLAGS) -f $@.mk
-
-test-rubyspec:
-	@echo SPEC_EXISTS=0 > $@.mk
-	@if exist $(srcdir:/=\)\rubyspec\nul echo SPEC_EXISTS=1 >> $@.mk
-	@type >> $@.mk &&|
-$()test-rubyspec:
-$()!if $$(SPEC_EXISTS)
-$()	$(RUNRUBY) $(srcdir)/rubyspec/mspec/bin/mspec -r$(srcdir)/ext/purelib.rb $(srcdir)/rubyspec/spec/rubyspec/$(MAJOR).$(MINOR)
-$()!else
-$()	@echo No rubyspec here.  put rubyspec to srcdir first.
-$()	@cd $(srcdir:/=\)\rubyspec
-$()!endif
-|
-	@$(MAKE) -$(MAKEFLAGS) -f $@.mk
-
 ext/extinit.obj: ext/extinit.c $(SETUP)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(XCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o$@ -c ext/extinit.c
 
diff --git a/bcc32/configure.bat b/bcc32/configure.bat
index 95575cbc60..143ad947f0 100755
--- a/bcc32/configure.bat
+++ b/bcc32/configure.bat
@@ -6,110 +6,70 @@
 echo> ~tmp~.mak ####

 echo>> ~tmp~.mak conf = %0

 echo>> ~tmp~.mak $(conf:\=/): nul

-echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	@del ~setup~.mak

+echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	@del ~tmp~.mak

 echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	@-$(MAKE) -l$(MAKEFLAGS) -f $(@D)setup.mak \

-if exist pathlist.tmp del pathlist.tmp

-if exist confargs.mk del confargs.mk

 :loop

 if "%1" == "" goto :end

 if "%1" == "--prefix" goto :prefix

-if "%1" == "prefix" goto :prefix

 if "%1" == "--srcdir" goto :srcdir

 if "%1" == "srcdir" goto :srcdir

 if "%1" == "--target" goto :target

 if "%1" == "target" goto :target

 if "%1" == "--with-static-linked-ext" goto :extstatic

 if "%1" == "--program-suffix" goto :suffix

-if "%1" == "RUBY_SUFFIX" goto :suffix

-if "%1" == "--program-name" goto :installname

-if "%1" == "--install-name" goto :installname

-if "%1" == "RUBY_INSTALL_NAME" goto :installname

-if "%1" == "--so-name" goto :soname

-if "%1" == "RUBY_SO_NAME" goto :soname

+if "%1" == "--program-name" goto :progname

 if "%1" == "--enable-install-doc" goto :enable-rdoc

 if "%1" == "--disable-install-doc" goto :disable-rdoc

 if "%1" == "--extout" goto :extout

-if "%1" == "EXTOUT" goto :extout

-if "%1" == "--path" goto :path

 if "%1" == "-h" goto :help

 if "%1" == "--help" goto :help

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	"%1" \

   shift

 goto :loop

 :srcdir

-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dsrcdir=%2 \

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	--srcdir=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"srcdir=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :prefix

-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dprefix=%2 \

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"prefix=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :suffix

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_SUFFIX

-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_SUFFIX = %2

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"RUBY_SUFFIX=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :installname

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_INSTALL_NAME

-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = %2

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"RUBY_INSTALL_NAME=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :soname

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RUBY_SO_NAME

-  echo>>confargs.mk RUBY_SO_NAME = %2

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"RUBY_SO_NAME=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :target

-  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	%2 \

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	--target=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	"%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

 :extstatic

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef EXTSTATIC

-  echo>>confargs.mk EXTSTATIC = static

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"EXTSTATIC=static" \

   shift

 goto :loop

 :enable-rdoc

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RDOCTARGET

-  echo>>confargs.mk RDOCTARGET = install-doc

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"RDOCTARGET=install-doc" \

   shift

 goto :loop

 :disable-rdoc

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef RDOCTARGET

-  echo>>confargs.mk RDOCTARGET = install-nodoc

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"RDOCTARGET=install-nodoc" \

   shift

 goto :loop

 :extout

-  echo>>confargs.mk !ifndef EXTOUT

-  echo>>confargs.mk EXTOUT = %2

-  echo>>confargs.mk !endif

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

-  shift

-  shift

-goto :loop

-:path

-  echo>>pathlist.tmp %2;\

-  echo>>confargs.tmp 	%1=%2 \

+  echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-D"EXTOUT=%2" \

   shift

   shift

 goto :loop

@@ -123,30 +83,10 @@ goto :loop
   echo   --target=TARGET         configure for TARGET [i386-bccwin32]

   echo Optional Package:

   echo   --with-static-linked-ext link external modules statically

-  echo   --disable-install-doc   install rdoc indexes during install

-  del *.tmp

+  echo   --enable-install-doc    install rdoc indexes during install

   del ~tmp~.mak

 goto :exit

 :end

-echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dbcc32dir=$(@D)

-if not exist confargs.tmp goto :noconfargs

-    echo>>confargs.mk configure_args = \

-    type>>confargs.mk confargs.tmp

-    echo.>>confargs.mk

-    echo>>confargs.mk ####

-:noconfargs

-if not exist pathlist.tmp goto :nopathlist

-    echo>>confargs.mk pathlist = \

-    type>>confargs.mk pathlist.tmp

-    echo.>>confargs.mk

-    echo>>confargs.mk ####

-    echo>>confargs.mk PATH = $(pathlist:;=/bin;)$(PATH)

-    echo>>confargs.mk INCLUDE = $(pathlist:;=/include;)

-    echo>>confargs.mk LIB = $(pathlist:;=/lib;)

-:nopathlist

-if exist confargs.mk copy confargs.mk ~setup~.mak > nul

-type>>~setup~.mak ~tmp~.mak

-del *.tmp > nul

-del ~tmp~.mak > nul

-make -s -f ~setup~.mak

+echo>> ~tmp~.mak 	-Dbcc32dir="$(@D)"

+make -s -f ~tmp~.mak

 :exit

diff --git a/bcc32/setup.mak b/bcc32/setup.mak
index 483292ed51..b7a2539d0a 100644
--- a/bcc32/setup.mak
+++ b/bcc32/setup.mak
@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ i586-$(OS): -prologue- -i586- -epilogue-
 i686-$(OS): -prologue- -i686- -epilogue-
 alpha-$(OS): -prologue- -alpha- -epilogue-
 
--prologue-: -basic-vars- -version- -system-vars-
-
--basic-vars-: nul
+-prologue-: nul
 	@echo Creating $(MAKEFILE)
 	@type > $(MAKEFILE) &&|
 \#\#\# Makefile for ruby $(OS) \#\#\#
@@ -42,68 +40,36 @@ $(BANG)endif
 $(BANG)ifndef prefix
 prefix = $(prefix:\=/)
 $(BANG)endif
-|
-!if exist(confargs.mk)
-	@type confargs.mk >> $(MAKEFILE)
-	@del confargs.mk
+$(BANG)ifndef EXTSTATIC
+EXTSTATIC = $(EXTSTATIC)
+$(BANG)endif
+!if defined(RDOCTARGET)
+$(BANG)ifndef RDOCTARGET
+RDOCTARGET = $(RDOCTARGET)
+$(BANG)endif
 !endif
-
--system-vars-: -runtime- -bormm-
-
--bormm-: nul
-	@-ilink32 -q -Gn -x usebormm.lib > nul
-	@-if exist usebormm.tds $(APPEND) MEMLIB = usebormm.lib
-	@if exist usebormm.* del usebormm.*
-
--osname-: nul
-	@echo OS =  >>$(MAKEFILE)
-
--runtime-: nul
-	type > conftest.c &&|
-\#include <stdio.h>
-int main(){printf("");return 0;}
-|
-	bcc32 conftest.c cw32i.lib > nul
-	tdump conftest.exe < nul > conftest.i
-	grep "^Imports from CC" conftest.i > conftest.c
-	cpp32 -P- -DFile=\# -DImports=RTNAME -Dfrom== conftest.c > nul
-	$(MAKE) > nul -DBANG=$(BANG) -f &&|
--runtime-: nul
-$(BANG)include conftest.i
-RT = $$(RTNAME:.DLL=)
-OS = $$(RT:CC32=)
--runtime-:
-	del conftest.*
-$(BANG)if "$$(OS)" == "50"
-	echo OS = bccwin32 >> $(MAKEFILE)
-$(BANG)else
-	echo OS = bccwin32_$$(OS) >> $(MAKEFILE)
+!if defined(EXTOUT)
+$(BANG)ifndef EXTOUT
+EXTOUT = $(EXTOUT)
 $(BANG)endif
+!endif
 |
-	@echo RT = $$(OS) >> $(MAKEFILE)
+	@type > usebormm.bat &&|
+@echo off
+ilink32 -Gn -x usebormm.lib > nul
+if exist usebormm.tds echo MEMLIB = usebormm.lib
+|
+	@usebormm.bat >> $(MAKEFILE)
+	@del usebormm.*
 
--version-: nul
 	@cpp32 -I$(srcdir) -P- -o$(MAKEFILE) > nul &&|
 \#include "version.h"
 MAJOR = RUBY_VERSION_MAJOR
 MINOR = RUBY_VERSION_MINOR
 TEENY = RUBY_VERSION_TEENY
-
-BORLANDC = __BORLANDC__
 |
-	@$(MAKE) > nul -DBANG=$(BANG) -f &&,
--version-: nul
-$(BANG)include $(MAKEFILE)
-$(BANG)include $(MAKEFILE).i
--version-:
+	@type $(MAKEFILE).i >> $(MAKEFILE)
 	@del $(MAKEFILE).i
-	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
-MAJOR = $$(MAJOR)
-MINOR = $$(MINOR)
-TEENY = $$(TEENY)
-BORLANDC = $$(BORLANDC)
-|
-,
 
 -generic-: nul
 !if defined(PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE) ||  defined(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
@@ -118,6 +84,7 @@ $(BANG)ifndef PROCESSOR_LEVEL
 PROCESSOR_LEVEL = $(PROCESSOR_LEVEL)
 $(BANG)endif
 !endif
+
 |
 !endif
 
@@ -150,6 +117,8 @@ $(BANG)endif
 -epilogue-: nul
 	@type >> $(MAKEFILE) &&|
 
+\# OS = $(OS)
+\# RT = $(RT)
 \# RUBY_INSTALL_NAME = ruby
 \# RUBY_SO_NAME = $$(RT)-$$(RUBY_INSTALL_NAME)$$(MAJOR)$$(MINOR)
 \# CFLAGS = -q $$(DEBUGFLAGS) $$(OPTFLAGS) $$(PROCESSOR_FLAG) -w- -wsus -wcpt -wdup -wext -wrng -wrpt -wzdi
@@ -160,4 +129,5 @@ $(BANG)endif
 \# EXTLIBS = cw32.lib import32.lib user32.lib kernel32.lib
 $(BANG)include $$(srcdir)/bcc32/Makefile.sub
 |
+	@$(srcdir:/=\)\win32\rm.bat config.h config.status
 	@echo type "`$(MAKE)'" to make ruby for $(OS).
diff --git a/bignum.c b/bignum.c
index 7f14aee709..c23b76b1fe 100644
--- a/bignum.c
+++ b/bignum.c
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 #include "rubysig.h"
 
 #include <math.h>
-#include <float.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #ifdef HAVE_IEEEFP_H
 #include <ieeefp.h>
@@ -126,8 +125,7 @@ bigtrunc(x)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bigfixize(x)
-    VALUE x;
+bigfixize(VALUE x)
 {
     long len = RBIGNUM(x)->len;
     BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
@@ -150,8 +148,7 @@ bigfixize(x)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-bignorm(x)
-    VALUE x;
+bignorm(VALUE x)
 {
     if (!FIXNUM_P(x) && TYPE(x) == T_BIGNUM) {
 	x = bigfixize(bigtrunc(x));
@@ -463,14 +460,7 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(str, base, badcheck)
 	break;
     }
     if (*str == '0') {		/* squeeze preceeding 0s */
-	int us = 0;
-	while ((c = *++str) == '0' || c == '_') {
-	    if (c == '_') {
-		if (++us >= 2)
-		    break;
-	    } else
-		us = 0;
-	}
+	while (*++str == '0');
 	if (!(c = *str) || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
     }
     c = *str;
@@ -513,11 +503,10 @@ rb_cstr_to_inum(str, base, badcheck)
     for (i=len;i--;) zds[i]=0;
     while ((c = *str++) != 0) {
 	if (c == '_') {
-	    if (nondigit) {
-		if (badcheck) goto bad;
-		break;
+	    if (badcheck) {
+		if (nondigit) goto bad;
+		nondigit = c;
 	    }
-	    nondigit = c;
 	    continue;
 	}
 	else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0) {
@@ -579,7 +568,7 @@ rb_str_to_inum(str, base, badcheck)
 	    s = p;
 	}
     }
-    return rb_cstr_to_inum(s, base, badcheck);
+    return rb_cstr_to_inum(s, base, badcheck); 
 }
 
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG
@@ -641,7 +630,7 @@ rb_ll2inum(n)
 }
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
-
+ 
 VALUE
 rb_cstr2inum(str, base)
     const char *str;
@@ -765,10 +754,10 @@ rb_big2str(VALUE x, int base)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.to_s(base=10)   =>  string
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns a string containing the representation of <i>big</i> radix
  *  <i>base</i> (2 through 36).
- *
+ *     
  *     12345654321.to_s         #=> "12345654321"
  *     12345654321.to_s(2)      #=> "1011011111110110111011110000110001"
  *     12345654321.to_s(8)      #=> "133766736061"
@@ -812,15 +801,15 @@ big2ulong(x, type)
 }
 
 unsigned long
-rb_big2ulong_pack(x)
-    VALUE x;
-{
+rb_big2ulong_pack(x)   
+    VALUE x;  
+{   
     unsigned long num = big2ulong(x, "unsigned long");
     if (!RBIGNUM(x)->sign) {
 	return -num;
     }
     return num;
-}
+}  
 
 unsigned long
 rb_big2ulong(x)
@@ -938,8 +927,8 @@ rb_dbl2big(d)
     return bignorm(dbl2big(d));
 }
 
-static double
-big2dbl(x)
+double
+rb_big2dbl(x)
     VALUE x;
 {
     double d = 0.0;
@@ -949,30 +938,21 @@ big2dbl(x)
     while (i--) {
 	d = ds[i] + BIGRAD*d;
     }
-    if (!RBIGNUM(x)->sign) d = -d;
-    return d;
-}
-
-double
-rb_big2dbl(x)
-    VALUE x;
-{
-    double d = big2dbl(x);
-
     if (isinf(d)) {
 	rb_warn("Bignum out of Float range");
 	d = HUGE_VAL;
     }
+    if (!RBIGNUM(x)->sign) d = -d;
     return d;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.to_f -> float
- *
+ *  
  *  Converts <i>big</i> to a <code>Float</code>. If <i>big</i> doesn't
  *  fit in a <code>Float</code>, the result is infinity.
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -985,11 +965,11 @@ rb_big_to_f(x)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big <=> numeric   => -1, 0, +1
- *
+ *  
  *  Comparison---Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on whether <i>big</i> is
  *  less than, equal to, or greater than <i>numeric</i>. This is the
  *  basis for the tests in <code>Comparable</code>.
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1030,11 +1010,11 @@ rb_big_cmp(x, y)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big == obj  => true or false
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> has the same value
  *  as <i>big</i>. Contrast this with <code>Bignum#eql?</code>, which
  *  requires <i>obj</i> to be a <code>Bignum</code>.
- *
+ *     
  *     68719476736 == 68719476736.0   #=> true
  */
 
@@ -1069,11 +1049,11 @@ rb_big_eq(x, y)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.eql?(obj)   => true or false
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns <code>true</code> only if <i>obj</i> is a
  *  <code>Bignum</code> with the same value as <i>big</i>. Contrast this
  *  with <code>Bignum#==</code>, which performs type conversions.
- *
+ *     
  *     68719476736.eql?(68719476736.0)   #=> false
  */
 
@@ -1114,7 +1094,7 @@ rb_big_uminus(x)
  * length, the result acts as if it had an infinite number of one
  * bits to the left. In hex representations, this is displayed
  * as two periods to the left of the digits.
- *
+ *  
  *   sprintf("%X", ~0x1122334455)    #=> "..FEEDDCCBBAA"
  */
 
@@ -1145,7 +1125,7 @@ bigsub(x, y)
     BDIGIT *zds;
     BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED num;
     long i = RBIGNUM(x)->len;
-
+    
     /* if x is larger than y, swap */
     if (RBIGNUM(x)->len < RBIGNUM(y)->len) {
 	z = x; x = y; y = z;	/* swap x y */
@@ -1166,11 +1146,11 @@ bigsub(x, y)
     z = bignew(RBIGNUM(x)->len, z==0);
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
 
-    for (i = 0, num = 0; i < RBIGNUM(y)->len; i++) {
+    for (i = 0, num = 0; i < RBIGNUM(y)->len; i++) { 
 	num += (BDIGIT_DBL_SIGNED)BDIGITS(x)[i] - BDIGITS(y)[i];
 	zds[i] = BIGLO(num);
 	num = BIGDN(num);
-    }
+    } 
     while (num && i < RBIGNUM(x)->len) {
 	num += BDIGITS(x)[i];
 	zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
@@ -1180,7 +1160,7 @@ bigsub(x, y)
 	zds[i] = BDIGITS(x)[i];
 	i++;
     }
-
+    
     return z;
 }
 
@@ -1311,7 +1291,7 @@ rb_big_mul0(x, y)
     zds = BDIGITS(z);
     while (j--) zds[j] = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < RBIGNUM(x)->len; i++) {
-	BDIGIT_DBL dd = BDIGITS(x)[i];
+	BDIGIT_DBL dd = BDIGITS(x)[i]; 
 	if (dd == 0) continue;
 	n = 0;
 	for (j = 0; j < RBIGNUM(y)->len; j++) {
@@ -1388,7 +1368,7 @@ bigdivrem(x, y, divp, modp)
 
     dd = 0;
     q = yds[ny-1];
-    while ((q & (1U<<(BITSPERDIG-1))) == 0) {
+    while ((q & (1<<(BITSPERDIG-1))) == 0) {
 	q <<= 1;
 	dd++;
     }
@@ -1512,6 +1492,9 @@ rb_big_div(x, y)
       case T_BIGNUM:
 	break;
 
+      case T_FLOAT:
+	return rb_float_new(rb_big2dbl(x) / RFLOAT(y)->value);
+
       default:
 	return rb_num_coerce_bin(x, y);
     }
@@ -1554,9 +1537,9 @@ rb_big_modulo(x, y)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.remainder(numeric)    => number
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the remainder after dividing <i>big</i> by <i>numeric</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731)      #=> -6966
  *     -1234567890987654321.remainder(13731.24)   #=> -9906.22531493148
  */
@@ -1582,27 +1565,6 @@ rb_big_remainder(x, y)
     return bignorm(z);
 }
 
-static int
-bdigbitsize(BDIGIT x)
-{
-    int size = 1;
-    int nb = BITSPERDIG / 2;
-    BDIGIT bits = (~0 << nb);
-
-    if (!x) return 0;
-    while (x > 1) {
-	if (x & bits) {
-	    size += nb;
-	    x >>= nb;
-	}
-	x &= ~bits;
-	nb /= 2;
-	bits >>= nb;
-    }
-
-    return size;
-}
-
 static VALUE big_lshift _((VALUE, unsigned long));
 static VALUE big_rshift _((VALUE, unsigned long));
 
@@ -1620,9 +1582,9 @@ static VALUE big_shift(x, n)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.divmod(numeric)   => array
- *
+ *  
  *  See <code>Numeric#divmod</code>.
- *
+ *     
  */
 VALUE
 rb_big_divmod(x, y)
@@ -1649,51 +1611,22 @@ rb_big_divmod(x, y)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.quo(numeric) -> float
- *     big.fdiv(numeric) -> float
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the floating point result of dividing <i>big</i> by
  *  <i>numeric</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     -1234567890987654321.quo(13731)      #=> -89910996357705.5
  *     -1234567890987654321.quo(13731.24)   #=> -89909424858035.7
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_big_quo(x, y)
     VALUE x, y;
 {
-    double dx = big2dbl(x);
+    double dx = rb_big2dbl(x);
     double dy;
 
-    if (isinf(dx)) {
-#define DBL_BIGDIG ((DBL_MANT_DIG + BITSPERDIG) / BITSPERDIG)
-	VALUE z;
-	int ex, ey;
-
-	ex = (RBIGNUM(bigtrunc(x))->len - 1) * BITSPERDIG;
-	ex += bdigbitsize(BDIGITS(x)[RBIGNUM(x)->len - 1]);
-	ex -= 2 * DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
-	if (ex) x = big_shift(x, ex);
-
-	switch (TYPE(y)) {
-	  case T_FIXNUM:
-	    y = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(y));
-	  case T_BIGNUM: {
-	    ey = (RBIGNUM(bigtrunc(y))->len - 1) * BITSPERDIG;
-	    ey += bdigbitsize(BDIGITS(y)[RBIGNUM(y)->len - 1]);
-	    ey -= DBL_BIGDIG * BITSPERDIG;
-	    if (ey) y = big_shift(y, ey);
-	  bignum:
-	    bigdivrem(x, y, &z, 0);
-	    return rb_float_new(ldexp(big2dbl(z), ex - ey));
-	  }
-	  case T_FLOAT:
-	    y = dbl2big(ldexp(frexp(RFLOAT(y)->value, &ey), DBL_MANT_DIG));
-	    ey -= DBL_MANT_DIG;
-	    goto bignum;
-	}
-    }
     switch (TYPE(y)) {
       case T_FIXNUM:
 	dy = (double)FIX2LONG(y);
@@ -1713,52 +1646,6 @@ rb_big_quo(x, y)
     return rb_float_new(dx / dy);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-bigsqr(x)
-    VALUE x;
-{
-    long len = RBIGNUM(x)->len, k = len / 2, i;
-    VALUE a, b, a2, z;
-    BDIGIT_DBL num;
-
-    if (len < 4000 / BITSPERDIG) {
-	return rb_big_mul0(x, x);
-    }
-
-    a = bignew(len - k, 1);
-    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(a), BDIGITS(x) + k, BDIGIT, len - k);
-    b = bignew(k, 1);
-    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(b), BDIGITS(x), BDIGIT, k);
-
-    a2 = bigtrunc(bigsqr(a));
-    z = bigsqr(b);
-    REALLOC_N(RBIGNUM(z)->digits, BDIGIT, (len = 2 * k + RBIGNUM(a2)->len) + 1);
-    while (RBIGNUM(z)->len < 2 * k) BDIGITS(z)[RBIGNUM(z)->len++] = 0;
-    MEMCPY(BDIGITS(z) + 2 * k, BDIGITS(a2), BDIGIT, RBIGNUM(a2)->len);
-    RBIGNUM(z)->len = len;
-    a2 = bigtrunc(rb_big_mul0(a, b));
-    len = RBIGNUM(a2)->len;
-    TRAP_BEG;
-    for (i = 0, num = 0; i < len; i++) {
-	num += (BDIGIT_DBL)BDIGITS(z)[i + k] + ((BDIGIT_DBL)BDIGITS(a2)[i] << 1);
-	BDIGITS(z)[i + k] = BIGLO(num);
-	num = BIGDN(num);
-    }
-    TRAP_END;
-    if (num) {
-	len = RBIGNUM(z)->len;
-	for (i += k; i < len && num; ++i) {
-	    num += (BDIGIT_DBL)BDIGITS(z)[i];
-	    BDIGITS(z)[i] = BIGLO(num);
-	    num = BIGDN(num);
-	}
-	if (num) {
-	    BDIGITS(z)[RBIGNUM(z)->len++] = BIGLO(num);
-	}
-    }
-    return bigtrunc(z);
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big ** exponent   #=> numeric
@@ -1778,7 +1665,7 @@ rb_big_pow(x, y)
 {
     double d;
     long yy;
-
+    
     if (y == INT2FIX(0)) return INT2FIX(1);
     switch (TYPE(y)) {
       case T_FLOAT:
@@ -1793,8 +1680,7 @@ rb_big_pow(x, y)
       case T_FIXNUM:
 	yy = FIX2LONG(y);
 	if (yy > 0) {
-	    VALUE z = 0;
-	    long mask;
+	    VALUE z = x;
 	    const long BIGLEN_LIMIT = 1024*1024 / SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
 
 	    if ((RBIGNUM(x)->len > BIGLEN_LIMIT) ||
@@ -1803,11 +1689,16 @@ rb_big_pow(x, y)
 		d = (double)yy;
 		break;
 	    }
-	    for (mask = FIXNUM_MAX + 1; mask; mask >>= 1) {
-		if (z) z = bigtrunc(bigsqr(z));
-		if (yy & mask) {
-		    z = z ? bigtrunc(rb_big_mul0(z, x)) : x;
+	    for (;;) {
+		yy -= 1;
+		if (yy == 0) break;
+		while (yy % 2 == 0) {
+		    yy /= 2;
+		    x = rb_big_mul0(x, x);
+		    bigtrunc(x);
 		}
+		z = rb_big_mul0(z, x);
+		bigtrunc(z);
 	    }
 	    return bignorm(z);
 	}
@@ -2032,7 +1923,7 @@ rb_big_lshift(x, y)
 		if (!NIL_P(t)) return t;
 		neg = 1;
 	    }
-	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long");
+	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long", Qtrue);
 	    break;
 	}
 	y = rb_to_int(y);
@@ -2101,7 +1992,7 @@ rb_big_rshift(x, y)
 	    else {
 		neg = 1;
 	    }
-	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long");
+	    shift = big2ulong(y, "long", Qtrue);
 	    break;
 	}
 	y = rb_to_int(y);
@@ -2159,20 +2050,20 @@ big_rshift(x, shift)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big[n] -> 0, 1
- *
+ *  
  *  Bit Reference---Returns the <em>n</em>th bit in the (assumed) binary
  *  representation of <i>big</i>, where <i>big</i>[0] is the least
  *  significant bit.
- *
+ *     
  *     a = 9**15
  *     50.downto(0) do |n|
  *       print a[n]
  *     end
- *
+ *     
  *  <em>produces:</em>
- *
+ *     
  *     000101110110100000111000011110010100111100010111001
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -2191,7 +2082,7 @@ rb_big_aref(x, y)
 	  out_of_range:
 	    return RBIGNUM(x)->sign ? INT2FIX(0) : INT2FIX(1);
 	}
-	shift = big2ulong(y, "long");
+	shift = big2ulong(y, "long", Qfalse);
     }
     else {
 	i = NUM2LONG(y);
@@ -2263,9 +2154,9 @@ rb_big_coerce(x, y)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.abs -> aBignum
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the absolute value of <i>big</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     -1234567890987654321.abs   #=> 1234567890987654321
  */
 
@@ -2293,7 +2184,7 @@ rb_big_rand(max, rand_buf)
     }
     v = bignew(len,1);
     len--;
-    BDIGITS(v)[len] = BDIGITS(max)[len] * rand_buf[len];
+    BDIGITS(v)[len] = BDIGITS(max)[len] * rand_buf[len];    
     while (len--) {
 	BDIGITS(v)[len] = ((BDIGIT)~0) * rand_buf[len];
     }
@@ -2304,10 +2195,10 @@ rb_big_rand(max, rand_buf)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     big.size -> integer
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the number of bytes in the machine representation of
  *  <i>big</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     (256**10 - 1).size   #=> 12
  *     (256**20 - 1).size   #=> 20
  *     (256**40 - 1).size   #=> 40
@@ -2327,15 +2218,15 @@ rb_big_size(big)
  *  Fixnum. When a calculation involving
  *  Bignum objects returns a result that will fit in a
  *  Fixnum, the result is automatically converted.
- *
+ *     
  *  For the purposes of the bitwise operations and <code>[]</code>, a
  *  Bignum is treated as if it were an infinite-length
  *  bitstring with 2's complement representation.
- *
+ *     
  *  While Fixnum values are immediate, Bignum
  *  objects are not---assignment and parameter passing work with
  *  references to objects, not the objects themselves.
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 void
@@ -2356,7 +2247,6 @@ Init_Bignum()
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "modulo", rb_big_modulo, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "remainder", rb_big_remainder, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "quo", rb_big_quo, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "fdiv", rb_big_quo, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "**", rb_big_pow, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "&", rb_big_and, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBignum, "|", rb_big_or, 1);
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index bf49aade4a..6d5b35dee6 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -2,12 +2,7 @@ bin: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM)
 lib: $(LIBRUBY)
 dll: $(LIBRUBY_SO)
 
-RUBYLIB       = -
-RUBYOPT       = -
-
-SPEC_GIT_BASE = git://github.com/rubyspec
-MSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/mspec.git
-RUBYSPEC_GIT_URL = $(SPEC_GIT_BASE)/rubyspec.git
+RUBYOPT       =
 
 STATIC_RUBY   = static-ruby
 
@@ -28,7 +23,6 @@ OBJS	      = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dir.$(OBJEXT) \
 		dln.$(OBJEXT) \
 		enum.$(OBJEXT) \
-		enumerator.$(OBJEXT) \
 		error.$(OBJEXT) \
 		eval.$(OBJEXT) \
 		file.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -62,15 +56,11 @@ OBJS	      = array.$(OBJEXT) \
 
 SCRIPT_ARGS   =	--dest-dir="$(DESTDIR)" \
 		--extout="$(EXTOUT)" \
+		--make="$(MAKE)" \
 		--mflags="$(MFLAGS)" \
 		--make-flags="$(MAKEFLAGS)"
 EXTMK_ARGS    =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) --extension $(EXTS) --extstatic $(EXTSTATIC) --
-INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) \
-		--data-mode=$(INSTALL_DATA_MODE) \
-		--prog-mode=$(INSTALL_PROG_MODE) \
-		--installed-list $(INSTALLED_LIST)
-INSTALL_PROG_MODE = 0755
-INSTALL_DATA_MODE = 0644
+INSTRUBY_ARGS =	$(SCRIPT_ARGS) --installed-list $(INSTALLED_LIST)
 
 PRE_LIBRUBY_UPDATE = $(MINIRUBY) -e 'ARGV[1] or File.unlink(ARGV[0]) rescue nil' -- \
 			$(LIBRUBY_EXTS) $(LIBRUBY_SO_UPDATE)
@@ -79,7 +69,7 @@ TESTSDIR      = $(srcdir)/test
 TESTWORKDIR   = testwork
 
 all: $(MKFILES) $(PREP) $(RBCONFIG) $(LIBRUBY)
-	@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(EXTMK_ARGS)
+	@$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb $(EXTMK_ARGS)
 prog: $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM)
 
 miniruby$(EXEEXT): config.status $(LIBRUBY_A) $(MAINOBJ) $(MINIOBJS) $(OBJS) $(DMYEXT)
@@ -106,68 +96,65 @@ install-all: install-nodoc install-doc
 install-nodoc: pre-install-nodoc do-install-nodoc post-install-nodoc
 pre-install-nodoc:: pre-install-local pre-install-ext
 do-install-nodoc: 
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-install-nodoc:: post-install-local post-install-ext
 
 install-local: pre-install-local do-install-local post-install-local
 pre-install-local:: pre-install-bin pre-install-lib pre-install-man
 do-install-local:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=local --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
-loadpath: $(PREP)
-	$(MINIRUBY) -e 'p $$:'
-
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=local --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-install-local:: post-install-bin post-install-lib post-install-man
 
 install-ext: pre-install-ext do-install-ext post-install-ext
 pre-install-ext:: pre-install-ext-arch pre-install-ext-comm
 do-install-ext:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext
 post-install-ext:: post-install-ext-arch post-install-ext-comm
 
 install-arch: pre-install-arch do-install-arch post-install-arch
 pre-install-arch:: pre-install-bin pre-install-ext-arch
 do-install-arch:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin --install=ext-arch
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin --install=ext-arch
 post-install-arch:: post-install-bin post-install-ext-arch
 
 install-comm: pre-install-comm do-install-comm post-install-comm
 pre-install-comm:: pre-install-lib pre-install-ext-comm pre-install-man
 do-install-comm:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib --install=ext-comm --install=man
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib --install=ext-comm --install=man
 post-install-comm:: post-install-lib post-install-ext-comm post-install-man
 
 install-bin: pre-install-bin do-install-bin post-install-bin
 pre-install-bin:: install-prereq
 do-install-bin:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin
 post-install-bin::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-lib: pre-install-lib do-install-lib post-install-lib
 pre-install-lib:: install-prereq
 do-install-lib:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib
 post-install-lib::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-ext-comm: pre-install-ext-comm do-install-ext-comm post-install-ext-comm
 pre-install-ext-comm:: install-prereq
 do-install-ext-comm:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-comm
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-comm
 post-install-ext-comm::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-ext-arch: pre-install-ext-arch do-install-ext-arch post-install-ext-arch
 pre-install-ext-arch:: install-prereq
 do-install-ext-arch:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-arch
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-arch
 post-install-ext-arch::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-man: pre-install-man do-install-man post-install-man
 pre-install-man:: install-prereq
 do-install-man:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=man --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=man --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-install-man::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -180,42 +167,42 @@ what-where-nodoc: no-install-nodoc
 no-install-nodoc: pre-no-install-nodoc dont-install-nodoc post-no-install-nodoc
 pre-no-install-nodoc:: pre-no-install-local pre-no-install-ext
 dont-install-nodoc: 
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-no-install-nodoc:: post-no-install-local post-no-install-ext
 
 what-where-local: no-install-local
 no-install-local: pre-no-install-local dont-install-local post-no-install-local
 pre-no-install-local:: pre-no-install-bin pre-no-install-lib pre-no-install-man
 dont-install-local:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=local --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=local --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-no-install-local:: post-no-install-bin post-no-install-lib post-no-install-man
 
 what-where-ext: no-install-ext
 no-install-ext: pre-no-install-ext dont-install-ext post-no-install-ext
 pre-no-install-ext:: pre-no-install-ext-arch pre-no-install-ext-comm
 dont-install-ext:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext
 post-no-install-ext:: post-no-install-ext-arch post-no-install-ext-comm
 
 what-where-arch: no-install-arch
 no-install-arch: pre-no-install-arch dont-install-arch post-no-install-arch
 pre-no-install-arch:: pre-no-install-bin pre-no-install-ext-arch
 dont-install-arch:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin --install=ext-arch
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin --install=ext-arch
 post-no-install-arch:: post-no-install-lib post-no-install-man post-no-install-ext-arch
 
 what-where-comm: no-install-comm
 no-install-comm: pre-no-install-comm dont-install-comm post-no-install-comm
 pre-no-install-comm:: pre-no-install-lib pre-no-install-ext-comm pre-no-install-man
 dont-install-comm:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib --install=ext-comm --install=man
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib --install=ext-comm --install=man
 post-no-install-comm:: post-no-install-lib post-no-install-ext-comm post-no-install-man
 
 what-where-bin: no-install-bin
 no-install-bin: pre-no-install-bin dont-install-bin post-no-install-bin
 pre-no-install-bin:: install-prereq
 dont-install-bin:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=bin
 post-no-install-bin::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -223,7 +210,7 @@ what-where-lib: no-install-lib
 no-install-lib: pre-no-install-lib dont-install-lib post-no-install-lib
 pre-no-install-lib:: install-prereq
 dont-install-lib:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=lib
 post-no-install-lib::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -231,7 +218,7 @@ what-where-ext-comm: no-install-ext-comm
 no-install-ext-comm: pre-no-install-ext-comm dont-install-ext-comm post-no-install-ext-comm
 pre-no-install-ext-comm:: install-prereq
 dont-install-ext-comm:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-comm
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-comm
 post-no-install-ext-comm::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -239,7 +226,7 @@ what-where-ext-arch: no-install-ext-arch
 no-install-ext-arch: pre-no-install-ext-arch dont-install-ext-arch post-no-install-ext-arch
 pre-no-install-ext-arch:: install-prereq
 dont-install-ext-arch:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-arch
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=ext-arch
 post-no-install-ext-arch::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -247,14 +234,14 @@ what-where-man: no-install-man
 no-install-man: pre-no-install-man dont-install-man post-no-install-man
 pre-no-install-man:: install-prereq
 dont-install-man:
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=man --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=man --mantype="$(MANTYPE)"
 post-no-install-man::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
 install-doc: rdoc pre-install-doc do-install-doc post-install-doc
 pre-install-doc:: install-prereq
 do-install-doc: $(PROGRAM)
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
 post-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
@@ -266,38 +253,30 @@ what-where-doc: no-install-doc
 no-install-doc: pre-no-install-doc dont-install-doc post-no-install-doc
 pre-no-install-doc:: install-prereq
 dont-install-doc::
-	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n --make="$(MAKE)" $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/instruby.rb -n $(INSTRUBY_ARGS) --install=rdoc --rdoc-output="$(RDOCOUT)"
 post-no-install-doc::
 	@$(NULLCMD)
 
-CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST = clear-installed-list
-
-install-prereq: $(CLEAR_INSTALLED_LIST)
-
-clear-installed-list:
+install-prereq:
 	@exit > $(INSTALLED_LIST)
 
 clean: clean-ext clean-local
 clean-local::
-	@$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MINIOBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
+	@$(RM) $(OBJS) $(MAINOBJ) $(WINMAINOBJ) $(LIBRUBY_A) $(LIBRUBY_SO) $(LIBRUBY) $(LIBRUBY_ALIASES)
 	@$(RM) $(PROGRAM) $(WPROGRAM) miniruby$(EXEEXT) dmyext.$(OBJEXT) $(ARCHFILE) .*.time
-	@$(RM) y.tab.c y.output
 clean-ext:
-	@-$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(EXTMK_ARGS) clean
+	@-$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb $(EXTMK_ARGS) clean
 
 distclean: distclean-ext distclean-local
 distclean-local:: clean-local
 	@$(RM) $(MKFILES) config.h rbconfig.rb
 	@$(RM) config.cache config.log config.status
-	@$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out $(PREP)
+	@$(RM) *~ *.bak *.stackdump core *.core gmon.out y.tab.c y.output $(PREP)
 distclean-ext:
-	@-$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(EXTMK_ARGS) distclean
+	@-$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb $(EXTMK_ARGS) distclean
 
-realclean:: realclean-ext realclean-local
-realclean-local:: distclean-local
+realclean:: distclean
 	@$(RM) parse.c lex.c
-realclean-ext::
-	@-$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/ext/extmk.rb --make="$(MAKE)" $(EXTMK_ARGS) realclean
 
 check: test test-all
 
@@ -308,7 +287,7 @@ test-all:
 	$(RUNRUBY) "$(srcdir)/test/runner.rb" --basedir="$(TESTSDIR)" --runner=$(TESTUI) $(TESTS)
 
 extconf:
-	$(MINIRUBY) -run -e mkdir -- -p "$(EXTCONFDIR)"
+	$(MINIRUBY) -I$(srcdir)/lib -run -e mkdir -- -p "$(EXTCONFDIR)"
 	$(RUNRUBY) -C "$(EXTCONFDIR)" $(EXTCONF) $(EXTCONFARGS)
 
 $(RBCONFIG): $(srcdir)/mkconfig.rb config.status $(PREP)
@@ -375,13 +354,13 @@ dir.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dir.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h config.h \
 dln.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dln.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h config.h \
   {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h \
   {$(VPATH)}dln.h
-dmydln.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmydln.c dln.$(OBJEXT)
+dmydln.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmydln.c {$(VPATH)}dln.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h \
+  config.h {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h \
+  {$(VPATH)}dln.h
 dmyext.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}dmyext.c
 enum.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enum.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h config.h \
   {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h \
   {$(VPATH)}node.h {$(VPATH)}util.h
-enumerator.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}enumerator.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h config.h \
-  {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 error.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}error.c {$(VPATH)}ruby.h config.h \
   {$(VPATH)}defines.h {$(VPATH)}intern.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h \
   {$(VPATH)}env.h {$(VPATH)}st.h
diff --git a/configure.in b/configure.in
index d922bd20da..ae4b67c280 100644
--- a/configure.in
+++ b/configure.in
@@ -44,20 +44,10 @@ fi
 GNU_LD=$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld
 AC_SUBST(GNU_LD)])
 
-unset GREP_OPTIONS
 rb_version=`grep RUBY_VERSION $srcdir/version.h`
 MAJOR=`expr "$rb_version" : '#define RUBY_VERSION "\([0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*"'`
 MINOR=`expr "$rb_version" : '#define RUBY_VERSION "[0-9][0-9]*\.\([0-9][0-9]*\)\.[0-9][0-9]*"'`
 TEENY=`expr "$rb_version" : '#define RUBY_VERSION "[0-9][0-9]*\.[0-9][0-9]*\.\([0-9][0-9]*\)"'`
-if test "$MAJOR" = ""; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine MAJOR number from version.h)
-fi
-if test "$MINOR" = ""; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine MINOR number from version.h)
-fi
-if test "$TEENY" = ""; then
-  AC_MSG_ERROR(could not determine TEENY number from version.h)
-fi
 AC_SUBST(MAJOR)
 AC_SUBST(MINOR)
 AC_SUBST(TEENY)
@@ -85,7 +75,6 @@ AC_CANONICAL_TARGET
 target_os=`echo $target_os | sed 's/linux-gnu$/linux/;s/linux-gnu/linux-/'`
 ac_install_sh='' # unusable for extension libraries.
 
-ifelse(currently,disabled, [
 dnl checks for fat-binary
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(fat-binary,
        [  --enable-fat-binary=ARCHS
@@ -139,7 +128,6 @@ if test "$fat_binary" != no; then
     done
     AC_DEFINE(NEXT_FAT_BINARY)
 fi
-], [fat_binary=no])
 
 case $target_cpu in
   i?86) frame_address=yes;;
@@ -382,22 +370,7 @@ case "$target_os" in
 nextstep*)	;;
 openstep*)	;;
 rhapsody*)	;;
-darwin*)	LIBS="-lobjc $LIBS"
-		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE"
-		AC_TRY_CPP([#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
-		    #if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED <= 1040
-		    #error pre OS X 10.4
-		    [!<===== pre OS X 10.4 =====>]
-		    #endif
-		    ],
-		    [
-		    test "x$target_cpu" = xpowerpc && ac_cv_header_ucontext_h=no
-		    ],
-		    [
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		    AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
-		    ])
-		;;
+darwin*)	LIBS="-lobjc $LIBS";;
 hpux*)		LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
 		ac_cv_c_inline=no;;
 human*)		ac_cv_func_getpgrp_void=yes
@@ -449,8 +422,6 @@ msdosdjgpp*)	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
 		ac_cv_func_setrlimit=no
 		;;
 bsdi*)          LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREUID, 1)
-		AC_DEFINE(BROKEN_SETREGID, 1)
                 ac_cv_sizeof_rlim_t=8;;
 freebsd*)	LIBS="-lm $LIBS"
 		AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether -lxpg4 has to be linked],
@@ -591,59 +562,9 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS(fmod killpg wait4 waitpid syscall chroot fsync getcwd eaccess\
 	      lchown lchmod getpgrp setpgrp getpgid setpgid initgroups\
 	      getgroups setgroups getpriority getrlimit setrlimit sysconf\
 	      group_member dlopen sigprocmask\
-	      sigaction sigsetjmp _setjmp _longjmp setsid telldir seekdir fchmod\
+	      sigaction _setjmp setsid telldir seekdir fchmod\
 	      mktime timegm gettimeofday\
 	      cosh sinh tanh round setuid setgid setenv unsetenv)
-
-AC_CACHE_CHECK(for __builtin_setjmp, ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp,
-[AC_TRY_LINK([@%:@include <setjmp.h>
-    jmp_buf jb; void t(v) int v; {__builtin_longjmp(jb, v);}],
-    [__builtin_setjmp(jb);],
-    [ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=yes],
-    [ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp=no])
-])
-
-test x$ac_cv_func__longjmp = xno && ac_cv_func__setjmp=no
-
-AC_MSG_CHECKING(for setjmp type)
-AC_ARG_WITH(setjmp-type, 
-	[  --with-setjmp-type      select setjmp type], [
-	case $withval in
-	__builtin_setjmp) setjmp_prefix=__builtin_;;
-	_setjmp) setjmp_prefix=_;;
-	sigsetjmp) setjmp_prefix=sig;;
-	setjmp) setjmp_prefix=;;
-	'') unset setjmp_prefix;;
-	*)   AC_MSG_ERROR(invalid setjmp type: $withval);;
-	esac], [unset setjmp_prefix])
-if test ${setjmp_prefix+set}; then
-    if test "${setjmp_prefix}" && eval test '$ac_cv_func_'${setjmp_prefix}setjmp = no; then
-	AC_MSG_ERROR(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp is not available)
-    fi
-elif test "$ac_cv_func___builtin_setjmp" = yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=__builtin_
-elif test "$ac_cv_func__setjmp" = yes; then
-    setjmp_prefix=_
-elif test "$ac_cv_func_sigsetjmp" = yes; then
-    case $target_os in
-    solaris*|cygwin*)
-	setjmp_prefix=;;
-    *)
-	setjmp_prefix=sig;;
-    esac
-else
-    setjmp_prefix=
-fi
-if test x$setjmp_prefix = xsig; then
-    setjmp_sigmask=yes
-else
-    unset setjmp_sigmask
-fi
-AC_MSG_RESULT(${setjmp_prefix}setjmp)
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_SETJMP(env)], [${setjmp_prefix}setjmp(env${setjmp_sigmask+,0})])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val)], [${setjmp_prefix}longjmp(env,val)])
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_JMP_BUF, ${setjmp_sigmask+${setjmp_prefix}}jmp_buf)
-
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(setreuid,
        [  --enable-setreuid       use setreuid()/setregid() according to need even if obsolete.],
        [use_setreuid=$enableval])
@@ -672,23 +593,15 @@ fi
 AC_DEFUN([RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE], [dnl
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([for external $1], rb_cv_var_$1,
   [rb_cv_var_$1=no
-  AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
+  AC_TRY_COMPILE([#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
+    $2
+    const volatile void *volatile t;],
     [t = &(&$1)[0];],
     [for t in $3; do
-      AC_TRY_COMPILE([
-#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
-#endif
-$2
-;
-extern $t $1;
-const volatile void *volatile t;],
+      AC_TRY_COMPILE([#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 1
+        $2
+        extern $t $1;
+        const volatile void *volatile t;],
         [t = &(&$1)[0];],
         [rb_cv_var_$1=$t; break])
     done])])
@@ -696,13 +609,13 @@ if test "[$rb_cv_var_]$1" != no; then
   AC_DEFINE([HAVE_VAR_]m4_toupper($1))
   AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED([TYPEOF_VAR_]m4_toupper($1), $rb_cv_var_$1)
 fi])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(timezone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
-RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(altzone, [@%:@include <time.h>], [long int])
+RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(timezone, [#include <time.h>], [long int])
+RUBY_CHECK_VARTYPE(altzone, [#include <time.h>], [long int])
 if test "$rb_cv_var_timezone" = no; then
   AC_CHECK_FUNCS(timezone)
-  if test "$ac_cv_func_timezone" = yes; then
+  if test "$ ac_cv_func_timezone" = yes; then
     AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether timezone requires zero arguments], rb_cv_func_timezone_void,
-      [AC_TRY_COMPILE([@%:@include <time.h>],
+      [AC_TRY_COMPILE([#include <time.h>],
 	[(void)timezone(0, 0);],
 	[rb_cv_func_timezone_void=no],
 	[rb_cv_func_timezone_void=yes])]
@@ -1138,23 +1051,11 @@ if test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes; then
     esac
   fi
 
-
-  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
-       [  --disable-rpath         embed run path into extension libraries.],
-       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
-  if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
-    LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
-    RPATHFLAG=" ${linker_flag}-R%1\$-s"
-  fi
-
   case "$target_os" in
 	hpux*)		DLDFLAGS="$DLDFLAGS -E"
 			: ${LDSHARED='ld -b'}
 			XLDFLAGS="$XLDFLAGS -Wl,-E"
 			: ${LIBPATHENV=SHLIB_PATH}
-			if test "$rb_cv_prog_gnu_ld" = no; then
-			    RPATHFLAG=' +b %1$-s'
-			fi
 			rb_cv_dlopen=yes;;
 	solaris*) 	if test "$GCC" = yes; then
                           : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
@@ -1220,11 +1121,11 @@ if test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes; then
         aix*)           if test "$GCC" = yes; then
 			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC) -shared'}
 			else
-			    : ${LDSHARED='$(CC)'}
+			    : ${LDSHARED='/usr/ccs/bin/ld'}
 			fi
-			LDSHARED="$LDSHARED ${linker_flag}-G"
-			DLDFLAGS='-eInit_$(TARGET)'
-			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-bE:ruby.imp ${linker_flag}-brtl"
+			DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-G"' -eInit_$(TARGET)'
+			LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} ${linker_flag}-brtl"
+			XLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-bE:ruby.imp"
                         : ${ARCHFILE="ruby.imp"}
                         TRY_LINK='$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -oconftest $(INCFLAGS) -I$(hdrdir) $(CPPFLAGS)'
                         TRY_LINK="$TRY_LINK"' $(CFLAGS) $(src) $(LIBPATH) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LIBS)'
@@ -1264,6 +1165,14 @@ if test "$with_dln_a_out" != yes; then
 	*) 		: ${LDSHARED='ld'} ;;
   esac
   AC_MSG_RESULT($rb_cv_dlopen)
+
+  AC_ARG_ENABLE(rpath,
+       [  --disable-rpath         embed run path into extension libraries.],
+       [enable_rpath=$enableval], [enable_rpath="$rb_cv_binary_elf"])
+  if test "$enable_rpath" = yes; then
+    LIBPATHFLAG=" -L%1\$-s"
+    RPATHFLAG=" ${linker_flag}-R%1\$-s"
+  fi
 fi
 AC_SUBST(LINK_SO)
 AC_SUBST(LIBPATHFLAG)
@@ -1423,10 +1332,9 @@ if test x"$cross_compiling" = xyes; then
   PREP=fake.rb
   RUNRUBY='$(MINIRUBY) -I`cd $(srcdir)/lib; pwd`'
 else
-  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT) -I$(srcdir)/lib'
-  MINIRUBY="$MINIRUBY"' -I$(EXTOUT)/common -I./- -r$(srcdir)/ext/purelib.rb'
+  MINIRUBY='./miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
   PREP='miniruby$(EXEEXT)'
-  RUNRUBY='$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT)'
+  RUNRUBY='$(MINIRUBY) $(srcdir)/runruby.rb --extout=$(EXTOUT) --'
 fi
 AC_SUBST(MINIRUBY)
 AC_SUBST(PREP)
@@ -1513,7 +1421,7 @@ if test "$enable_shared" = 'yes'; then
 	LIBRUBY_ALIASES='lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl.$(MAJOR).$(MINOR) lib$(RUBY_SO_NAME).sl'
 	;;
     aix*)
-	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-bnoentry $XLDFLAGS"
+	LIBRUBY_DLDFLAGS="${linker_flag}-G ${linker_flag}-bnoentry $XLDFLAGS"
 	LIBRUBYARG_SHARED='-L${libdir} -l${RUBY_SO_NAME}'
 	SOLIBS='-lm -lc'
 	;;
@@ -1657,12 +1565,6 @@ case "$build_os" in
 esac
 
 CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "'$(DEFS)'
-test -z "$CFLAGS" || CFLAGS="$CFLAGS "; CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"'${cflags}'
-test -z "$CPPFLAGS" || CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS "; CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"'${cppflags}'
-AC_SUBST(cppflags, [])dnl
-AC_SUBST(cflags, ['${optflags} ${debugflags}'])dnl
-AC_SUBST(optflags)dnl
-AC_SUBST(debugflags)dnl
 AC_SUBST(XCFLAGS)dnl
 AC_SUBST(XLDFLAGS)dnl
 AC_SUBST(LIBRUBY_LDSHARED)
@@ -1707,53 +1609,37 @@ case "$target_os" in
     rubyw_install_name="$RUBYW_INSTALL_NAME"
     ;;
 esac
-RUBY_LIB_PREFIX=`eval echo \\"${libdir}/ruby\\"`
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
-	    [  --with-sitedir=DIR      site libraries in DIR [[LIBDIR/ruby/site_ruby]]],
-            [sitedir=$withval],
-            [sitedir='${libdir}/ruby/site_ruby'])
-SITE_DIR=`eval echo \\"${sitedir}\\"`
-
 case "$target_os" in
   cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*|os2-emx*)
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="`eval echo "$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="`eval echo "$SITE_DIR" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
+    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="/lib/ruby"
     ;;
   *)
-    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="`eval echo \\"$RUBY_LIB_PREFIX\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
-    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="`eval echo \\"$SITE_DIR\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
+    RUBY_LIB_PREFIX="${prefix}/lib/ruby"
     ;;
 esac
 RUBY_LIB_PATH="${RUBY_LIB_PREFIX}/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}"
-RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH2="${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}"
 
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_LIB, "${RUBY_LIB_PATH}")
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_LIB, "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}")
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_LIB2, "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH2}")
-
-AC_ARG_WITH(vendordir,
-	    [  --with-vendordir=DIR    vendor libraries in DIR [[LIBDIR/ruby/vendor_ruby]]],
-            [vendordir=$withval],
-            [vendordir='${libdir}/ruby/vendor_ruby'])
-VENDOR_DIR=`eval echo \\"${vendordir}\\"`
+AC_ARG_WITH(sitedir,
+	    [  --with-sitedir=DIR      site libraries in DIR [PREFIX/lib/ruby/site_ruby]],
+            [sitedir=$withval],
+            [sitedir='${prefix}/lib/ruby/site_ruby'])
+SITE_DIR=`eval echo \\"${sitedir}\\"`
 case "$target_os" in
   cygwin*|mingw*|*djgpp*|os2-emx*)
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH="`eval echo "$VENDOR_DIR" | sed 's|^NONE/|/|;s|^'"$prefix"'/|/|'`"
-    ;;
+    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="`expr "$SITE_DIR" : "$prefix\(/.*\)"`" ||
+    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="$SITE_DIR";;
   *)
-    RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH="`eval echo \\"$VENDOR_DIR\\" | sed 's|^NONE/|'"$prefix"'/|'`"
-    ;;
+    RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH="$SITE_DIR";;
 esac
-RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH2="${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH}/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}"
+RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH2="${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}"
 
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_VENDOR_LIB, "${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH}")
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_VENDOR_LIB2, "${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH2}")
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_LIB, "${RUBY_LIB_PATH}")
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_LIB, "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}")
+AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_LIB2, "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH2}")
 
 AC_SUBST(arch)dnl
 AC_SUBST(sitearch)dnl
 AC_SUBST(sitedir)dnl
-AC_SUBST(vendordir)dnl
 
 configure_args=$ac_configure_args
 AC_SUBST(configure_args)dnl
@@ -1766,8 +1652,6 @@ if test "$fat_binary" != no ; then
 
     AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_THIN_ARCHLIB,
                  "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH}/" __ARCHITECTURE__ "-${target_os}")
-    AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_VENDOR_THIN_ARCHLIB,
-                 "${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH}/" __ARCHITECTURE__ "-${target_os}")
     AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_PLATFORM, __ARCHITECTURE__ "-${target_os}")
 else
     arch="${target_cpu}-${target_os}"
@@ -1775,13 +1659,12 @@ else
 fi
 
 case "$target_os" in
-  mingw*) sitearch="$target_cpu-$rb_cv_msvcrt" ;;
+  mingw*) sitearch="i386-$rb_cv_msvcrt" ;;
   *) sitearch="${arch}" ;;
 esac
 
 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_ARCHLIB, "${RUBY_LIB_PATH}/${arch}")
 AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_SITE_ARCHLIB, "${RUBY_SITE_LIB_PATH2}/${sitearch}")
-AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(RUBY_VENDOR_ARCHLIB, "${RUBY_VENDOR_LIB_PATH2}/${sitearch}")
 
 AC_ARG_WITH(search-path,
 		[  --with-search-path=DIR specify the additional search path],
@@ -1819,7 +1702,6 @@ else
   tr -d '\015' < confdefs.h > config.h
 fi
 tr -d '\015' < largefile.h > confdefs.h
-rm largefile.h
 
 AC_CONFIG_FILES($FIRSTMAKEFILE)
 AC_CONFIG_FILES(Makefile, [{
diff --git a/defines.h b/defines.h
index f39097fea4..7b62c5cd02 100644
--- a/defines.h
+++ b/defines.h
@@ -102,16 +102,6 @@ void xfree _((void*));
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__NeXT__) || defined(__APPLE__)
-/* Do not trust WORDS_BIGENDIAN from configure since -arch compiler flag may
-   result in a different endian.  Instead trust __BIG_ENDIAN__ and
-   __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ which are set correctly by -arch. */
-#undef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
-#define WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-#endif
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __NeXT__
 /* NextStep, OpenStep, Rhapsody */
 #ifndef S_IRUSR
@@ -165,6 +155,13 @@ void xfree _((void*));
 #ifndef S_ISREG
 #define S_ISREG(mode)  (((mode) & (0170000)) == (0100000))
 #endif
+/* Do not trust WORDS_BIGENDIAN from configure since -arch compiler flag may
+   result in a different endian.  Instead trust __BIG_ENDIAN__ and
+   __LITTLE_ENDIAN__ which are set correctly by -arch. */
+#undef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN__
+#define WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+#endif
 #ifndef __APPLE__
 /* NextStep, OpenStep (but not Rhapsody) */
 #ifndef GETPGRP_VOID
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 710299e7b6..0dd12ffd7d 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ fnmatch_helper(pcur, scur, flags)
 	    const char *t;
 	    if (ISEND(s))
 		RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
-	    if ((t = bracket(p + 1, s, flags)) != 0) {
+	    if (t = bracket(p + 1, s, flags)) {
 		p = t;
 		Inc(s);
 		continue;
@@ -473,9 +473,9 @@ dir_inspect(dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, dirp);
+    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     if (dirp->path) {
-	const char *c = rb_obj_classname(dir);
+	char *c = rb_obj_classname(dir);
 	int len = strlen(c) + strlen(dirp->path) + 4;
 	VALUE s = rb_str_new(0, len);
 	snprintf(RSTRING_PTR(s), len+1, "#<%s:%s>", c, dirp->path);
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ dir_path(dir)
 {
     struct dir_data *dirp;
 
-    Data_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, dirp);
+    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     if (!dirp->path) return Qnil;
     return rb_str_new2(dirp->path);
 }
@@ -562,7 +562,6 @@ dir_each(dir)
     struct dir_data *dirp;
     struct dirent *dp;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
     GetDIR(dir, dirp);
     rewinddir(dirp->dir);
     for (dp = readdir(dirp->dir); dp != NULL; dp = readdir(dirp->dir)) {
@@ -1009,7 +1008,7 @@ has_magic(s, flags)
     register const char *p = s;
     register char c;
 
-    while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
+    while (c = *p++) {
 	switch (c) {
 	  case '*':
 	  case '?':
@@ -1042,7 +1041,7 @@ find_dirsep(const char *s, int flags)
     register char c;
     int open = 0;
 
-    while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
+    while (c = *p++) {
 	switch (c) {
 	  case '[':
 	    open = 1;
@@ -1660,7 +1659,7 @@ dir_globs(argc, argv, flags)
     for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
 	int status;
 	VALUE str = argv[i];
-	SafeStringValue(str);
+	StringValue(str);
 	status = push_glob(ary, RSTRING(str)->ptr, flags);
 	if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
     }
@@ -1815,7 +1814,6 @@ dir_foreach(io, dirname)
 {
     VALUE dir;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, 1, &dirname);
     dir = dir_open_dir(dirname);
     rb_ensure(dir_each, dir, dir_close, dir);
     return Qnil;
@@ -1972,7 +1970,6 @@ Init_Dir()
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"initialize", dir_initialize, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"inspect", dir_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"read", dir_read, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c
index 5ba25b6415..ae12758d19 100644
--- a/dln.c
+++ b/dln.c
@@ -81,28 +81,19 @@ char *getenv();
 # include "macruby_private.h"
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)   /* Mac OS X */
-# if defined(HAVE_DLOPEN)
-   /* Mac OS X with dlopen (10.3 or later) */
-#  define MACOSX_DLOPEN
-# else
-#  define MACOSX_DYLD
-# endif
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __BEOS__
 # include <image.h>
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_DLN_LOAD
 
-#if defined(HAVE_DLOPEN) && !defined(USE_DLN_A_OUT) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(MACOSX_DYLD) && !defined(_UNICOSMP)
+#if defined(HAVE_DLOPEN) && !defined(USE_DLN_A_OUT) && !defined(_AIX) && !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_UNICOSMP)
 /* dynamic load with dlopen() */
 # define USE_DLN_DLOPEN
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FUNCNAME_PATTERN
-# if defined(__hp9000s300) ||  (defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
+# if defined(__hp9000s300) ||  (defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__APPLE__)
 #  define FUNCNAME_PATTERN "_Init_%s"
 # else
 #  define FUNCNAME_PATTERN "Init_%s"
@@ -645,7 +636,7 @@ load_1(fd, disp, need_init)
     long disp;
     const char *need_init;
 {
-    static const char *libc = LIBC_NAME;
+    static char *libc = LIBC_NAME;
     struct exec hdr;
     struct relocation_info *reloc = NULL;
     long block = 0;
@@ -1150,7 +1141,7 @@ dln_sym(name)
 #endif
 #endif
 #else
-#ifdef MACOSX_DYLD
+#ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -1412,7 +1403,7 @@ dln_load(file)
     }
 #endif /* _AIX */
 
-#if defined(NeXT) || defined(MACOSX_DYLD)
+#if defined(NeXT) || defined(__APPLE__)
 #define DLN_DEFINED
 /*----------------------------------------------------
    By SHIROYAMA Takayuki Psi@fortune.nest.or.jp
@@ -1536,7 +1527,7 @@ dln_load(file)
     }
 #endif /* __BEOS__*/
 
-#ifdef __MACOS__   /* Mac OS 9 or before */
+#ifdef __MACOS__
 # define DLN_DEFINED
     {
       OSErr err;
@@ -1689,31 +1680,31 @@ static char fbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
 
 static char *
 dln_find_1(fname, path, exe_flag)
-    const char *fname;
-    const char *path;
+    char *fname;
+    char *path;
     int exe_flag;		/* non 0 if looking for executable. */
 {
-    register const char *dp;
-    register const char *ep;
+    register char *dp;
+    register char *ep;
     register char *bp;
     struct stat st;
 #ifdef __MACOS__
     const char* mac_fullpath;
 #endif
 
-    if (!fname) return (char *)fname;
-    if (fname[0] == '/') return (char *)fname;
+    if (!fname) return fname;
+    if (fname[0] == '/') return fname;
     if (strncmp("./", fname, 2) == 0 || strncmp("../", fname, 3) == 0)
-      return (char *)fname;
-    if (exe_flag && strchr(fname, '/')) return (char *)fname;
+      return fname;
+    if (exe_flag && strchr(fname, '/')) return fname;
 #ifdef DOSISH
-    if (fname[0] == '\\') return (char *)fname;
+    if (fname[0] == '\\') return fname;
 # ifdef DOSISH_DRIVE_LETTER
-    if (strlen(fname) > 2 && fname[1] == ':') return (char *)fname;
+    if (strlen(fname) > 2 && fname[1] == ':') return fname;
 # endif
     if (strncmp(".\\", fname, 2) == 0 || strncmp("..\\", fname, 3) == 0)
-      return (char *)fname;
-    if (exe_flag && strchr(fname, '\\')) return (char *)fname;
+      return fname;
+    if (exe_flag && strchr(fname, '\\')) return fname;
 #endif
 
     for (dp = path;; dp = ++ep) {
diff --git a/enum.c b/enum.c
index df35c2fe03..2a29272ae9 100644
--- a/enum.c
+++ b/enum.c
@@ -15,43 +15,7 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 VALUE rb_mEnumerable;
-static ID id_each, id_eqq, id_cmp, id_size;
-
-struct iter_method_arg {
-    VALUE obj;
-    ID mid;
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-};
-
-static VALUE iterate_method _((VALUE obj));
-static VALUE
-iterate_method(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct iter_method_arg *arg;
-
-    arg = (struct iter_method_arg *)obj;
-    return rb_funcall2(arg->obj, arg->mid, arg->argc, arg->argv);
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_block_call(obj, mid, argc, argv, bl_proc, data2)
-    VALUE obj;
-    ID mid;
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE (*bl_proc) (ANYARGS);
-    VALUE data2;
-{
-    struct iter_method_arg arg;
-
-    arg.obj = obj;
-    arg.mid = mid;
-    arg.argc = argc;
-    arg.argv = argv;
-    return rb_iterate(iterate_method, (VALUE)&arg, bl_proc, data2);
-}
+static ID id_each, id_eqq, id_cmp;
 
 VALUE
 rb_each(obj)
@@ -84,18 +48,18 @@ grep_iter_i(i, arg)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.grep(pattern)                   => array
  *     enum.grep(pattern) {| obj | block }  => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns an array of every element in <i>enum</i> for which
  *  <code>Pattern === element</code>. If the optional <em>block</em> is
  *  supplied, each matching element is passed to it, and the block's
  *  result is stored in the output array.
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..100).grep 38..44   #=> [38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44]
  *     c = IO.constants
  *     c.grep(/SEEK/)         #=> ["SEEK_END", "SEEK_SET", "SEEK_CUR"]
  *     res = c.grep(/SEEK/) {|v| IO.const_get(v) }
  *     res                    #=> [2, 0, 1]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -109,99 +73,10 @@ enum_grep(obj, pat)
     arg[1] = ary;
 
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, rb_block_given_p() ? grep_iter_i : grep_i, (VALUE)arg);
-
+    
     return ary;
 }
 
-static VALUE count_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-count_i(i, memop)
-    VALUE i, memop;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE*)memop;
-
-    if (rb_equal(i, memo[1])) {
-	memo[0]++;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE count_iter_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-count_iter_i(i, memop)
-    VALUE i, memop;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE*)memop;
-
-    if (RTEST(rb_yield(i))) {
-	memo[0]++;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE count_all_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-count_all_i(i, memop)
-    VALUE i, memop;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE*)memop;
-
-    memo[0]++;
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.count                   => int
- *     enum.count(item)             => int
- *     enum.count {| obj | block }  => int
- *
- *  Returns the number of items in <i>enum</i>, where #size is called
- *  if it responds to it, otherwise the items are counted through
- *  enumeration.  If an argument is given, counts the number of items
- *  in <i>enum</i>, for which equals to <i>item</i>.  If a block is
- *  given, counts the number of elements yielding a true value.
- *
- *     ary = [1, 2, 4, 2]
- *     ary.count             # => 4
- *     ary.count(2)          # => 2
- *     ary.count{|x|x%2==0}  # => 3
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_count(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE memo[2];	/* [count, condition value] */
-    rb_block_call_func *func;
-
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    func = count_iter_i;
-	}
-	else {
-	    if (rb_respond_to(obj, id_size)) {
-		return rb_funcall(obj, id_size, 0, 0);
-	    }
-	    func = count_all_i;
-	}
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &memo[1]);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warn("given block not used");
-	}
-        func = count_i;
-    }
-
-    memo[0] = 0;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, func, (VALUE)&memo);
-    return INT2NUM(memo[0]);
-}
-
 static VALUE
 find_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
@@ -218,15 +93,15 @@ find_i(i, memo)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.detect(ifnone = nil) {| obj | block }  => obj or nil
  *     enum.find(ifnone = nil)   {| obj | block }  => obj or nil
- *
+ *  
  *  Passes each entry in <i>enum</i> to <em>block</em>. Returns the
  *  first for which <em>block</em> is not <code>false</code>.  If no
  *  object matches, calls <i>ifnone</i> and returns its result when it
  *  is specified, or returns <code>nil</code>
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..10).detect  {|i| i % 5 == 0 and i % 7 == 0 }   #=> nil
  *     (1..100).detect {|i| i % 5 == 0 and i % 7 == 0 }   #=> 35
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -239,7 +114,6 @@ enum_find(argc, argv, obj)
     VALUE if_none;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &if_none);
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv);
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, find_i, (VALUE)&memo);
     if (memo != Qundef) {
 	return memo;
@@ -250,81 +124,6 @@ enum_find(argc, argv, obj)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE find_index_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-find_index_i(i, memop)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE memop;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE*)memop;
-
-    if (rb_equal(i, memo[2])) {
-	memo[0] = UINT2NUM(memo[1]);
-	rb_iter_break();
-    }
-    memo[1]++;
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE find_index_iter_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-find_index_iter_i(i, memop)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE memop;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE*)memop;
-
-    if (RTEST(rb_yield(i))) {
-	memo[0] = UINT2NUM(memo[1]);
-	rb_iter_break();
-    }
-    memo[1]++;
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.find_index(value)            => int or nil
- *     enum.find_index {| obj | block }  => int or nil
- *
- *  Compares each entry in <i>enum</i> with <em>value</em> or passes
- *  to <em>block</em>.  Returns the index for the first for which the
- *  evaluated value is non-false.  If no object matches, returns
- *  <code>nil</code>
- *
- *     (1..10).find_index  {|i| i % 5 == 0 and i % 7 == 0 }   #=> nil
- *     (1..100).find_index {|i| i % 5 == 0 and i % 7 == 0 }   #=> 34
- *     (1..100).find_index(50)                                #=> 49
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_find_index(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE memo[3];	/* [return value, current index, condition value] */
-    rb_block_call_func *func;
-
-    if (argc == 0) {
-        RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-        func = find_index_iter_i;
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1", &memo[2]);
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warn("given block not used");
-	}
-        func = find_index_i;
-    }
-
-    memo[0] = Qnil;
-    memo[1] = 0;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, func, (VALUE)memo);
-    return memo[0];
-}
-
 static VALUE
 find_all_i(i, ary)
     VALUE i, ary;
@@ -339,13 +138,13 @@ find_all_i(i, ary)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.find_all {| obj | block }  => array
  *     enum.select   {| obj | block }  => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns an array containing all elements of <i>enum</i> for which
  *  <em>block</em> is not <code>false</code> (see also
  *  <code>Enumerable#reject</code>).
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..10).find_all {|i|  i % 3 == 0 }   #=> [3, 6, 9]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -353,8 +152,7 @@ enum_find_all(obj)
     VALUE obj;
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
+    
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, find_all_i, ary);
 
     return ary;
@@ -373,12 +171,12 @@ reject_i(i, ary)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.reject {| obj | block }  => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns an array for all elements of <i>enum</i> for which
  *  <em>block</em> is false (see also <code>Enumerable#find_all</code>).
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..10).reject {|i|  i % 3 == 0 }   #=> [1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -386,8 +184,7 @@ enum_reject(obj)
     VALUE obj;
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
+    
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, reject_i, ary);
 
     return ary;
@@ -415,13 +212,13 @@ collect_all(i, ary)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.collect {| obj | block }  => array
  *     enum.map     {| obj | block }  => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns a new array with the results of running <em>block</em> once
  *  for every element in <i>enum</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..4).collect {|i| i*i }   #=> [1, 4, 9, 16]
  *     (1..4).collect { "cat"  }   #=> ["cat", "cat", "cat", "cat"]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -439,135 +236,80 @@ enum_collect(obj)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.to_a      =>    array
  *     enum.entries   =>    array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns an array containing the items in <i>enum</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..7).to_a                       #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
  *     { 'a'=>1, 'b'=>2, 'c'=>3 }.to_a   #=> [["a", 1], ["b", 2], ["c", 3]]
  */
 static VALUE
-enum_to_a(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
+enum_to_a(obj)
     VALUE obj;
 {
     VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
 
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, argc, argv, collect_all, ary);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, collect_all, ary);
 
     return ary;
 }
 
-static VALUE inject_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-inject_i(i, p)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE p;
-{
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE *)p;
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = i;
-    }
-    else {
-	memo[0] = rb_yield_values(2, memo[0], i);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE inject_op_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
 static VALUE
-inject_op_i(i, p)
+inject_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
-    VALUE p;
+    VALUE *memo;
 {
-    VALUE *memo = (VALUE *)p;
-
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = i;
+    if (*memo == Qundef) {
+        *memo = i;
     }
     else {
-	memo[0] = rb_funcall(memo[0], (ID)memo[1], 1, i);
+        *memo = rb_yield_values(2, *memo, i);
     }
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     enum.inject(initial, sym) => obj
- *     enum.inject(sym)          => obj
  *     enum.inject(initial) {| memo, obj | block }  => obj
  *     enum.inject          {| memo, obj | block }  => obj
- *
- *     enum.reduce(initial, sym) => obj
- *     enum.reduce(sym)          => obj
- *     enum.reduce(initial) {| memo, obj | block }  => obj
- *     enum.reduce          {| memo, obj | block }  => obj
- *
- *  Combines all elements of <i>enum</i> by applying a binary
- *  operation, specified by a block or a symbol that names a
- *  method or operator.
- *
- *  If you specify a block, then for each element in <i>enum<i>
- *  the block is passed an accumulator value (<i>memo</i>) and the element.
- *  If you specify a symbol instead, then each element in the collection
- *  will be passed to the named method of <i>memo</i>.
- *  In either case, the result becomes the new value for <i>memo</i>.
- *  At the end of the iteration, the final value of <i>memo</i> is the
- *  return value fo the method.
- *
- *  If you do not explicitly specify an <i>initial</i> value for <i>memo</i>,
- *  then uses the first element of collection is used as the initial value
- *  of <i>memo</i>.
- *
- *  Examples:
- *
+ *  
+ *  Combines the elements of <i>enum</i> by applying the block to an
+ *  accumulator value (<i>memo</i>) and each element in turn. At each
+ *  step, <i>memo</i> is set to the value returned by the block. The
+ *  first form lets you supply an initial value for <i>memo</i>. The
+ *  second form uses the first element of the collection as a the
+ *  initial value (and skips that element while iterating).
+ *     
  *     # Sum some numbers
- *     (5..10).reduce(:+)                            #=> 45
- *     # Same using a block and inject
- *     (5..10).inject {|sum, n| sum + n }            #=> 45
+ *     (5..10).inject {|sum, n| sum + n }              #=> 45
  *     # Multiply some numbers
- *     (5..10).reduce(1, :*)                         #=> 151200
- *     # Same using a block
- *     (5..10).inject(1) {|product, n| product * n } #=> 151200
+ *     (5..10).inject(1) {|product, n| product * n }   #=> 151200
+ *     
  *     # find the longest word
  *     longest = %w{ cat sheep bear }.inject do |memo,word|
  *        memo.length > word.length ? memo : word
  *     end
- *     longest                                       #=> "sheep"
- *
+ *     longest                                         #=> "sheep"
+ *     
+ *     # find the length of the longest word
+ *     longest = %w{ cat sheep bear }.inject(0) do |memo,word|
+ *        memo >= word.length ? memo : word.length
+ *     end
+ *     longest                                         #=> 5
+ *     
  */
+
 static VALUE
 enum_inject(argc, argv, obj)
     int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
+    VALUE *argv, obj;
 {
-    VALUE memo[2];
-    rb_block_call_func *iter = inject_i;
-
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &memo[0], &memo[1])) {
-      case 0:
-	memo[0] = Qundef;
-	break;
-      case 1:
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    break;
-	}
-	memo[1] = (VALUE)rb_to_id(memo[0]);
-	memo[0] = Qundef;
-	iter = inject_op_i;
-	break;
-      case 2:
-	if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	    rb_warning("given block not used");
-	}
-	memo[1] = (VALUE)rb_to_id(memo[1]);
-	iter = inject_op_i;
-	break;
-    }
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, iter, (VALUE)memo);
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) return Qnil;
-    return memo[0];
+    VALUE memo = Qundef;
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &memo) == 0)
+	memo = Qundef;
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, inject_i, (VALUE)&memo);
+    if (memo == Qundef) return Qnil;
+    return memo;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -586,13 +328,13 @@ partition_i(i, ary)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.partition {| obj | block }  => [ true_array, false_array ]
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns two arrays, the first containing the elements of
  *  <i>enum</i> for which the block evaluates to true, the second
  *  containing the rest.
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..6).partition {|i| (i&1).zero?}   #=> [[2, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5]]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -601,8 +343,6 @@ enum_partition(obj)
 {
     VALUE ary[2];
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
     ary[0] = rb_ary_new();
     ary[1] = rb_ary_new();
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, partition_i, (VALUE)ary);
@@ -610,111 +350,11 @@ enum_partition(obj)
     return rb_assoc_new(ary[0], ary[1]);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-group_by_i(i, hash)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE hash;
-{
-    VALUE group = rb_yield(i);
-    VALUE values;
-
-    values = rb_hash_aref(hash, group);
-    if (NIL_P(values)) {
-	values = rb_ary_new3(1, i);
-	rb_hash_aset(hash, group, values);
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_ary_push(values, i);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.group_by {| obj | block }  => a_hash
- *
- *  Returns a hash, which keys are evaluated result from the
- *  block, and values are arrays of elements in <i>enum</i>
- *  corresponding to the key.
- *
- *     (1..6).group_by {|i| i%3}   #=> {0=>[3, 6], 1=>[1, 4], 2=>[2, 5]}
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_group_by(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE hash;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
-    hash = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, group_by_i, hash);
-
-    return hash;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-first_i(i, ary)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *ary;
-{
-    if (NIL_P(ary[0])) {
-	ary[1] = i;
-	rb_iter_break();
-    }
-    else {
-	long n = NUM2LONG(ary[0]);
-
-	if (n <= 0) {
-	    rb_iter_break();
-	}
-	rb_ary_push(ary[1], i);
-	n--;
-	ary[0] = INT2NUM(n);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.first      -> obj or nil
- *     enum.first(n)   -> an_array
- *
- *  Returns the first element, or the first +n+ elements, of the enumerable.
- *  If the enumerable is empty, the first form returns <code>nil</code>, and the
- *  second form returns an empty array.
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_first(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE n, ary[2];
-
-    if (argc == 0) {
-	ary[0] = ary[1] = Qnil;
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &n);
-	ary[0] = n;
-	ary[1] = rb_ary_new2(NUM2LONG(n));
-    }
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, first_i, (VALUE)ary);
-
-    return ary[1];
-}
-
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.sort                     => array
  *     enum.sort {| a, b | block }   => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns an array containing the items in <i>enum</i> sorted,
  *  either according to their own <code><=></code> method, or by using
  *  the results of the supplied block. The block should return -1, 0, or
@@ -722,7 +362,7 @@ enum_first(argc, argv, obj)
  *  Ruby 1.8, the method <code>Enumerable#sort_by</code> implements a
  *  built-in Schwartzian Transform, useful when key computation or
  *  comparison is expensive..
- *
+ *     
  *     %w(rhea kea flea).sort         #=> ["flea", "kea", "rhea"]
  *     (1..10).sort {|a,b| b <=> a}   #=> [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
  */
@@ -731,7 +371,7 @@ static VALUE
 enum_sort(obj)
     VALUE obj;
 {
-    return rb_ary_sort(enum_to_a(0, 0, obj));
+    return rb_ary_sort(enum_to_a(obj));
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -751,70 +391,65 @@ sort_by_i(i, ary)
 }
 
 static int
-sort_by_cmp(aa, bb, data)
+sort_by_cmp(aa, bb)
     NODE **aa, **bb;
-    void *data;
 {
     VALUE a = aa[0]->u1.value;
     VALUE b = bb[0]->u1.value;
-    VALUE ary = (VALUE)data;
 
-    if (RBASIC(ary)->klass) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "sort_by reentered");
-    }
     return rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(a, id_cmp, 1, b), a, b);
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.sort_by {| obj | block }    => array
- *
+ *  
  *  Sorts <i>enum</i> using a set of keys generated by mapping the
  *  values in <i>enum</i> through the given block.
- *
+ *     
  *     %w{ apple pear fig }.sort_by {|word| word.length}
                     #=> ["fig", "pear", "apple"]
- *
+ *     
  *  The current implementation of <code>sort_by</code> generates an
  *  array of tuples containing the original collection element and the
  *  mapped value. This makes <code>sort_by</code> fairly expensive when
  *  the keysets are simple
- *
+ *     
  *     require 'benchmark'
  *     include Benchmark
- *
+ *     
  *     a = (1..100000).map {rand(100000)}
- *
+ *     
  *     bm(10) do |b|
  *       b.report("Sort")    { a.sort }
  *       b.report("Sort by") { a.sort_by {|a| a} }
  *     end
- *
+ *     
  *  <em>produces:</em>
- *
+ *     
  *     user     system      total        real
  *     Sort        0.180000   0.000000   0.180000 (  0.175469)
  *     Sort by     1.980000   0.040000   2.020000 (  2.013586)
- *
+ *     
  *  However, consider the case where comparing the keys is a non-trivial
  *  operation. The following code sorts some files on modification time
  *  using the basic <code>sort</code> method.
- *
+ *     
  *     files = Dir["*"]
  *     sorted = files.sort {|a,b| File.new(a).mtime <=> File.new(b).mtime}
  *     sorted   #=> ["mon", "tues", "wed", "thurs"]
- *
+ *     
  *  This sort is inefficient: it generates two new <code>File</code>
  *  objects during every comparison. A slightly better technique is to
  *  use the <code>Kernel#test</code> method to generate the modification
  *  times directly.
- *
+ *     
  *     files = Dir["*"]
  *     sorted = files.sort { |a,b|
  *       test(?M, a) <=> test(?M, b)
  *     }
  *     sorted   #=> ["mon", "tues", "wed", "thurs"]
- *
+ *     
  *  This still generates many unnecessary <code>Time</code> objects. A
  *  more efficient technique is to cache the sort keys (modification
  *  times in this case) before the sort. Perl users often call this
@@ -822,14 +457,14 @@ sort_by_cmp(aa, bb, data)
  *  construct a temporary array, where each element is an array
  *  containing our sort key along with the filename. We sort this array,
  *  and then extract the filename from the result.
- *
+ *     
  *     sorted = Dir["*"].collect { |f|
  *        [test(?M, f), f]
  *     }.sort.collect { |f| f[1] }
  *     sorted   #=> ["mon", "tues", "wed", "thurs"]
- *
+ *     
  *  This is exactly what <code>sort_by</code> does internally.
- *
+ *     
  *     sorted = Dir["*"].sort_by {|f| test(?M, f)}
  *     sorted   #=> ["mon", "tues", "wed", "thurs"]
  */
@@ -841,8 +476,6 @@ enum_sort_by(obj)
     VALUE ary;
     long i;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
     if (TYPE(obj) == T_ARRAY) {
 	ary  = rb_ary_new2(RARRAY(obj)->len);
     }
@@ -852,8 +485,7 @@ enum_sort_by(obj)
     RBASIC(ary)->klass = 0;
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, sort_by_i, ary);
     if (RARRAY(ary)->len > 1) {
-	qsort(RARRAY(ary)->ptr, RARRAY(ary)->len, sizeof(VALUE),
-	      sort_by_cmp, (void *)ary);
+	qsort(RARRAY(ary)->ptr, RARRAY(ary)->len, sizeof(VALUE), sort_by_cmp, 0);
     }
     if (RBASIC(ary)->klass) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "sort_by reentered");
@@ -866,11 +498,11 @@ enum_sort_by(obj)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-all_i(i, memo)
+all_iter_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
     VALUE *memo;
 {
-    if (!RTEST(i)) {
+    if (!RTEST(rb_yield(i))) {
 	*memo = Qfalse;
 	rb_iter_break();
     }
@@ -878,28 +510,32 @@ all_i(i, memo)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-all_iter_i(i, memo)
+all_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
     VALUE *memo;
 {
-    return all_i(rb_yield(i), memo);
+    if (!RTEST(i)) {
+	*memo = Qfalse;
+	rb_iter_break();
+    }
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.all? [{|obj| block } ]   => true or false
- *
+ *  
  *  Passes each element of the collection to the given block. The method
  *  returns <code>true</code> if the block never returns
  *  <code>false</code> or <code>nil</code>. If the block is not given,
  *  Ruby adds an implicit block of <code>{|obj| obj}</code> (that is
  *  <code>all?</code> will return <code>true</code> only if none of the
  *  collection members are <code>false</code> or <code>nil</code>.)
- *
+ *     
  *     %w{ ant bear cat}.all? {|word| word.length >= 3}   #=> true
  *     %w{ ant bear cat}.all? {|word| word.length >= 4}   #=> false
  *     [ nil, true, 99 ].all?                             #=> false
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -913,11 +549,11 @@ enum_all(obj)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-any_i(i, memo)
+any_iter_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
     VALUE *memo;
 {
-    if (RTEST(i)) {
+    if (RTEST(rb_yield(i))) {
 	*memo = Qtrue;
 	rb_iter_break();
     }
@@ -925,17 +561,21 @@ any_i(i, memo)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-any_iter_i(i, memo)
+any_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
     VALUE *memo;
 {
-    return any_i(rb_yield(i), memo);
+    if (RTEST(i)) {
+	*memo = Qtrue;
+	rb_iter_break();
+    }
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.any? [{|obj| block } ]   => true or false
- *
+ *  
  *  Passes each element of the collection to the given block. The method
  *  returns <code>true</code> if the block ever returns a value other
  *  than <code>false</code> or <code>nil</code>. If the block is not
@@ -943,11 +583,11 @@ any_iter_i(i, memo)
  *  is <code>any?</code> will return <code>true</code> if at least one
  *  of the collection members is not <code>false</code> or
  *  <code>nil</code>.
- *
+ *     
  *     %w{ ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 3}   #=> true
  *     %w{ ant bear cat}.any? {|word| word.length >= 4}   #=> true
  *     [ nil, true, 99 ].any?                             #=> true
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -961,105 +601,6 @@ enum_any(obj)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-one_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    if (RTEST(i)) {
-	if (*memo == Qundef) {
-	    *memo = Qtrue;
-	}
-	else if (*memo == Qtrue) {
-	    *memo = Qfalse;
-	    rb_iter_break();
-	}
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-one_iter_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    return one_i(rb_yield(i), memo);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.one? [{|obj| block }]   => true or false
- *
- *  Passes each element of the collection to the given block. The method
- *  returns <code>true</code> if the block returns <code>true</code>
- *  exactly once. If the block is not given, <code>one?</code> will return
- *  <code>true</code> only if exactly one of the collection members is
- *  true.
- *
- *     %w{ant bear cat}.one? {|word| word.length == 4}   #=> true
- *     %w{ant bear cat}.one? {|word| word.length > 4}    #=> false
- *     %w{ant bear cat}.one? {|word| word.length < 4}    #=> false
- *     [ nil, true, 99 ].one?                            #=> false
- *     [ nil, true, false ].one?                         #=> true
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_one(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE result = Qundef;
-
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, rb_block_given_p() ? one_iter_i : one_i, (VALUE)&result);
-    if (result == Qundef) return Qfalse;
-    return result;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-none_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    if (RTEST(i)) {
-	*memo = Qfalse;
-	rb_iter_break();
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-none_iter_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    return none_i(rb_yield(i), memo);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.none? [{|obj| block }]   => true or false
- *
- *  Passes each element of the collection to the given block. The method
- *  returns <code>true</code> if the block never returns <code>true</code>
- *  for all elements. If the block is not given, <code>none?</code> will return
- *  <code>true</code> only if none of the collection members is true.
- *
- *     %w{ant bear cat}.none? {|word| word.length == 5}  #=> true
- *     %w{ant bear cat}.none? {|word| word.length >= 4}  #=> false
- *     [].none?                                          #=> true
- *     [nil].none?                                       #=> true
- *     [nil,false].none?                                 #=> true
- */
-static VALUE
-enum_none(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE result = Qtrue;
-
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, rb_block_given_p() ? none_iter_i : none_i, (VALUE)&result);
-    return result;
-}
-
-static VALUE
 min_i(i, memo)
     VALUE i;
     VALUE *memo;
@@ -1102,11 +643,11 @@ min_ii(i, memo)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.min                    => obj
  *     enum.min {| a,b | block }   => obj
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the object in <i>enum</i> with the minimum value. The
  *  first form assumes all objects implement <code>Comparable</code>;
  *  the second uses the block to return <em>a <=> b</em>.
- *
+ *     
  *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
  *     a.min                                  #=> "albatross"
  *     a.min {|a,b| a.length <=> b.length }   #=> "dog"
@@ -1127,11 +668,11 @@ enum_min(obj)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.max                    => obj
  *     enum.max {| a,b | block }   => obj
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the object in <i>enum</i> with the maximum value. The
  *  first form assumes all objects implement <code>Comparable</code>;
  *  the second uses the block to return <em>a <=> b</em>.
- *
+ *     
  *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
  *     a.max                                  #=> "horse"
  *     a.max {|a,b| a.length <=> b.length }   #=> "albatross"
@@ -1179,15 +720,15 @@ max_ii(i, memo)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.max                   => obj
  *     enum.max {|a,b| block }    => obj
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns the object in _enum_ with the maximum value. The
  *  first form assumes all objects implement <code>Comparable</code>;
  *  the second uses the block to return <em>a <=> b</em>.
- *
+ *     
  *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
  *     a.max                                  #=> "horse"
  *     a.max {|a,b| a.length <=> b.length }   #=> "albatross"
- */
+ */  
 
 static VALUE
 enum_max(obj)
@@ -1201,240 +742,6 @@ enum_max(obj)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-minmax_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    int n;
-
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = i;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    else {
-	n = rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(i, id_cmp, 1, memo[0]), i, memo[0]);
-	if (n < 0) {
-	    memo[0] = i;
-	}
-	n = rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(i, id_cmp, 1, memo[1]), i, memo[1]);
-	if (n > 0) {
-	    memo[1] = i;
-	}
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-minmax_ii(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    int n;
-
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = i;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE ary = memo[2];
-
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0] = i;
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[1] = memo[0];
-	n = rb_cmpint(rb_yield(ary), i, memo[0]);
-	if (n < 0) {
-	    memo[0] = i;
-	}
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0] = i;
-	RARRAY(ary)->ptr[1] = memo[1];
-	n = rb_cmpint(rb_yield(ary), i, memo[1]);
-	if (n > 0) {
-	    memo[1] = i;
-	}
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.minmax                   => [min,max]
- *     enum.minmax {|a,b| block }    => [min,max]
- *
- *  Returns two elements array which contains the minimum and the
- *  maximum value in the enumerable.  The first form assumes all
- *  objects implement <code>Comparable</code>; the second uses the
- *  block to return <em>a <=> b</em>.
- *
- *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
- *     a.minmax                                  #=> ["albatross", "horse"]
- *     a.minmax {|a,b| a.length <=> b.length }   #=> ["dog", "albatross"]
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_minmax(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE result[3];
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new3(2, Qnil, Qnil);
-
-    result[0] = Qundef;
-    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
-	result[2] = ary;
-	rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, minmax_ii, (VALUE)result);
-    }
-    else {
-	rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, minmax_i, (VALUE)result);
-    }
-    if (result[0] != Qundef) {
-        RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0] = result[0];
-        RARRAY(ary)->ptr[1] = result[1];
-    }
-    return ary;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-min_by_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    VALUE v;
-
-    v = rb_yield(i);
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = v;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    else if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(v, id_cmp, 1, memo[0]), v, memo[0]) < 0) {
-	memo[0] = v;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.min_by {| obj| block }   => obj
- *
- *  Returns the object in <i>enum</i> that gives the minimum
- *  value from the given block.
- *
- *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
- *     a.min_by {|x| x.length }   #=> "dog"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_min_by(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE memo[2];
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
-    memo[0] = Qundef;
-    memo[1] = Qnil;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, min_by_i, (VALUE)memo);
-    return memo[1];
-}
-
-static VALUE
-max_by_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    VALUE v;
-
-    v = rb_yield(i);
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = v;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    else if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(v, id_cmp, 1, memo[0]), v, memo[0]) > 0) {
-	memo[0] = v;
-	memo[1] = i;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.max_by {| obj| block }   => obj
- *
- *  Returns the object in <i>enum</i> that gives the maximum
- *  value from the given block.
- *
- *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
- *     a.max_by {|x| x.length }   #=> "albatross"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_max_by(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE memo[2];
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
-    memo[0] = Qundef;
-    memo[1] = Qnil;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, max_by_i, (VALUE)memo);
-    return memo[1];
-}
-
-static VALUE
-minmax_by_i(i, memo)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    VALUE v;
-
-    v = rb_yield(i);
-    if (memo[0] == Qundef) {
-	memo[0] = v;
-	memo[1] = v;
-	memo[2] = i;
-	memo[3] = i;
-    }
-    else {
-	if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(v, id_cmp, 1, memo[0]), v, memo[0]) < 0) {
-	    memo[0] = v;
-	    memo[2] = i;
-	}
-	if (rb_cmpint(rb_funcall(v, id_cmp, 1, memo[1]), v, memo[1]) > 0) {
-	    memo[1] = v;
-	    memo[3] = i;
-	}
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.minmax_by {| obj| block }   => [min, max]
- *
- *  Returns two elements array array containing the objects in
- *  <i>enum</i> that gives the minimum and maximum values respectively
- *  from the given block.
- *
- *     a = %w(albatross dog horse)
- *     a.minmax_by {|x| x.length }   #=> ["dog", "albatross"]
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_minmax_by(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE memo[4];
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
-    memo[0] = Qundef;
-    memo[1] = Qundef;
-    memo[2] = Qnil;
-    memo[3] = Qnil;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, minmax_by_i, (VALUE)memo);
-    return rb_assoc_new(memo[2], memo[3]);
-}
-
-static VALUE
 member_i(item, memo)
     VALUE item;
     VALUE *memo;
@@ -1450,13 +757,13 @@ member_i(item, memo)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.include?(obj)     => true or false
  *     enum.member?(obj)      => true or false
- *
+ *  
  *  Returns <code>true</code> if any member of <i>enum</i> equals
  *  <i>obj</i>. Equality is tested using <code>==</code>.
- *
+ *     
  *     IO.constants.include? "SEEK_SET"          #=> true
  *     IO.constants.include? "SEEK_NO_FURTHER"   #=> false
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1484,56 +791,29 @@ each_with_index_i(val, memo)
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.each_with_index {|obj, i| block }  -> enum
- *
+ *  
  *  Calls <em>block</em> with two arguments, the item and its index, for
  *  each item in <i>enum</i>.
- *
+ *     
  *     hash = Hash.new
  *     %w(cat dog wombat).each_with_index {|item, index|
  *       hash[item] = index
  *     }
  *     hash   #=> {"cat"=>0, "wombat"=>2, "dog"=>1}
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
 enum_each_with_index(obj)
     VALUE obj;
 {
-    VALUE memo;
+    VALUE memo = 0;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-
-    memo = 0;
+    rb_need_block();
     rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, each_with_index_i, (VALUE)&memo);
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.reverse_each {|item| block } 
- *  
- *  Traverses <i>enum</i> in reverse order.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_reverse_each(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    long i;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv);
-
-    ary = enum_to_a(argc, argv, obj);
-
-    for (i = RARRAY_LEN(ary); --i >= 0; ) {
-	rb_yield(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
-    }
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-
 static VALUE
 zip_i(val, memo)
     VALUE val;
@@ -1563,7 +843,7 @@ zip_i(val, memo)
  *  call-seq:
  *     enum.zip(arg, ...)                   => array
  *     enum.zip(arg, ...) {|arr| block }    => nil
- *
+ *  
  *  Converts any arguments to arrays, then merges elements of
  *  <i>enum</i> with corresponding elements from each argument. This
  *  generates a sequence of <code>enum#size</code> <em>n</em>-element
@@ -1572,14 +852,14 @@ zip_i(val, memo)
  *  <code>nil</code> values are supplied. If a block given, it is
  *  invoked for each output array, otherwise an array of arrays is
  *  returned.
- *
+ *     
  *     a = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
  *     b = [ 7, 8, 9 ]
- *
+ *     
  *     (1..3).zip(a, b)      #=> [[1, 4, 7], [2, 5, 8], [3, 6, 9]]
  *     "cat\ndog".zip([1])   #=> [["cat\n", 1], ["dog", nil]]
  *     (1..3).zip            #=> [[1], [2], [3]]
- *
+ *     
  */
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1604,227 +884,6 @@ enum_zip(argc, argv, obj)
     return result;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-take_i(i, arg)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *arg;
-{
-    if (arg[1]-- == 0) rb_iter_break();
-    rb_ary_push(arg[0], i);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.take(n)               => array
- *
- *  Returns first n elements from <i>enum</i>.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take(3)             # => [1, 2, 3]
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_take(obj, n)
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE n;
-{
-    VALUE args[2];
-    long len = NUM2LONG(n);
-
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to take negative size");
-    }
-
-    args[1] = len;
-    args[0] = rb_ary_new();
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, take_i, (VALUE)args);
-    return args[0];
-}
-
-
-static VALUE
-take_while_i(i, ary)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *ary;
-{
-    if (!RTEST(rb_yield(i))) rb_iter_break();
-    rb_ary_push(*ary, i);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.take_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *
- *  Passes elements to the block until the block returns nil or false,
- *  then stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.take_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [1, 2]
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_take_while(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, take_while_i, (VALUE)&ary);
-    return ary;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-drop_i(i, arg)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *arg;
-{
-    if (arg[1] == 0) {
-	rb_ary_push(arg[0], i);
-    }
-    else {
-	arg[1]--;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.drop(n)               => array
- *
- *  Drops first n elements from <i>enum</i>, and returns rest elements
- *  in an array.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop(3)             # => [4, 5, 0]
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_drop(obj, n)
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE n;
-{
-    VALUE args[2];
-    long len = NUM2LONG(n);
-
-    if (len < 0) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "attempt to drop negative size");
-    }
-
-    args[1] = len;
-    args[0] = rb_ary_new();
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, drop_i, (VALUE)args);
-    return args[0];
-}
-
-
-static VALUE
-drop_while_i(i, args)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE *args;
-{
-    if (!args[1] && !RTEST(rb_yield(i))) {
-	args[1] = Qtrue;
-    }
-    if (args[1]) {
-	rb_ary_push(args[0], i);
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.drop_while {|arr| block }   => array
- *
- *  Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for
- *  which the block returns nil or false and returns an array
- *  containing the remaining elements.
- *
- *     a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
- *     a.drop_while {|i| i < 3 }   # => [3, 4, 5, 0]
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_drop_while(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE args[2];
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-    args[0] = rb_ary_new();
-    args[1] = Qfalse;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, drop_while_i, (VALUE)args);
-    return args[0];
-}
-
-static VALUE
-cycle_i(i, ary)
-    VALUE i;
-    VALUE ary;
-{
-    rb_ary_push(ary, i);
-    rb_yield(i);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     enum.cycle {|obj| block }
- *     enum.cycle(n) {|obj| block }
- *
- *  Calls <i>block</i> for each element of <i>enum</i> repeatedly _n_
- *  times or forever if none or nil is given.  If a non-positive
- *  number is given or the collection is empty, does nothing.  Returns
- *  nil if the loop has finished without getting interrupted.
- *
- *  Enumerable#cycle saves elements in an internal array so changes
- *  to <i>enum</i> after the first pass have no effect.
- *
- *     a = ["a", "b", "c"]
- *     a.cycle {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c,.. forever.
- *     a.cycle(2) {|x| puts x }  # print, a, b, c, a, b, c.
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enum_cycle(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE ary;
-    VALUE nv = Qnil;
-    long n, i, len;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &nv);
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, argc, argv);
-    if (NIL_P(nv)) {
-        n = -1;
-    }
-    else {
-        n = NUM2LONG(nv);
-        if (n <= 0) return Qnil;
-    }
-    ary = rb_ary_new();
-    RBASIC(ary)->klass = 0;
-    rb_block_call(obj, id_each, 0, 0, cycle_i, ary);
-    len = RARRAY(ary)->len;
-    if (len == 0) return Qnil;
-    while (n < 0 || 0 < --n) {
-        for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
-            rb_yield(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
-        }
-    }
-    return Qnil;		/* not reached */
-}
-
 /*
  *  The <code>Enumerable</code> mixin provides collection classes with
  *  several traversal and searching methods, and with the ability to
@@ -1841,51 +900,32 @@ Init_Enumerable()
 {
     rb_mEnumerable = rb_define_module("Enumerable");
 
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "to_a", enum_to_a, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "entries", enum_to_a, -1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "sort", enum_sort, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "sort_by", enum_sort_by, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "grep", enum_grep, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "count", enum_count, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "find", enum_find, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "detect", enum_find, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "find_index", enum_find_index, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "find_all", enum_find_all, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "select", enum_find_all, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "reject", enum_reject, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "collect", enum_collect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "map", enum_collect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "inject", enum_inject, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "reduce", enum_inject, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "partition", enum_partition, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "group_by", enum_group_by, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "first", enum_first, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "all?", enum_all, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "any?", enum_any, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "one?", enum_one, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "none?", enum_none, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "min", enum_min, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "max", enum_max, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "minmax", enum_minmax, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "min_by", enum_min_by, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "max_by", enum_max_by, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "minmax_by", enum_minmax_by, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "member?", enum_member, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "include?", enum_member, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "each_with_index", enum_each_with_index, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_with_index", enum_each_with_index, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "reverse_each", enum_reverse_each, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"to_a", enum_to_a, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"entries", enum_to_a, 0);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"sort", enum_sort, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"sort_by", enum_sort_by, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"grep", enum_grep, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"find", enum_find, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"detect", enum_find, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"find_all", enum_find_all, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"select", enum_find_all, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"reject", enum_reject, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"collect", enum_collect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"map", enum_collect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"inject", enum_inject, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"partition", enum_partition, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"all?", enum_all, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"any?", enum_any, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"min", enum_min, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"max", enum_max, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"member?", enum_member, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"include?", enum_member, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable,"each_with_index", enum_each_with_index, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "zip", enum_zip, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "take", enum_take, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "take_while", enum_take_while, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "drop", enum_drop, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "drop_while", enum_drop_while, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "cycle", enum_cycle, -1);
 
     id_eqq  = rb_intern("===");
     id_each = rb_intern("each");
     id_cmp  = rb_intern("<=>");
-    id_size = rb_intern("size");
 }
 
diff --git a/enumerator.c b/enumerator.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f95d931b62..0000000000
--- a/enumerator.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,450 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************
-
-  enumerator.c - provides Enumerator class
-
-  $Author$
-
-  Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Akinori MUSHA
-
-  $Idaemons: /home/cvs/rb/enumerator/enumerator.c,v 1.1.1.1 2001/07/15 10:12:48 knu Exp $
-  $RoughId: enumerator.c,v 1.6 2003/07/27 11:03:24 nobu Exp $
-  $Id$
-
-************************************************/
-
-#include "ruby.h"
-
-/*
- * Document-class: Enumerable::Enumerator
- *
- * A class which provides a method `each' to be used as an Enumerable
- * object.
- */
-VALUE rb_cEnumerator;
-static VALUE sym_each;
-
-VALUE rb_eStopIteration;
-
-struct enumerator {
-    VALUE obj;
-    ID    meth;
-    VALUE proc;
-    VALUE args;
-    rb_block_call_func *iter;
-};
-
-static void enumerator_mark _((void *));
-static void
-enumerator_mark(p)
-    void *p;
-{
-    struct enumerator *ptr = p;
-    rb_gc_mark(ptr->obj);
-    rb_gc_mark(ptr->args);
-}
-
-static struct enumerator *
-enumerator_ptr(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct enumerator *ptr;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct enumerator, ptr);
-    if (RDATA(obj)->dmark != enumerator_mark) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
-		 "wrong argument type %s (expected Enumerable::Enumerator)",
-		 rb_obj_classname(obj));
-    }
-    if (!ptr || ptr->obj == Qundef) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "uninitialized enumerator");
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    obj.to_enum(method = :each, *args)
- *    obj.enum_for(method = :each, *args)
- *
- *  Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, method, *args).
- *
- *  e.g.:
- *
- *     str = "xyz"
- *
- *     enum = str.enum_for(:each_byte)
- *     a = enum.map {|b| '%02x' % b } #=> ["78", "79", "7a"]
- *
- *     # protects an array from being modified
- *     a = [1, 2, 3]
- *     some_method(a.to_enum)
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-obj_to_enum(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE meth = sym_each;
-
-    if (argc > 0) {
-	--argc;
-	meth = *argv++;
-    }
-    return rb_enumeratorize(obj, meth, argc, argv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-each_slice_i(val, memo)
-    VALUE val;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    VALUE ary = memo[0];
-    VALUE v = Qnil;
-    long size = (long)memo[1];
-
-    rb_ary_push(ary, val);
-
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == size) {
-	v = rb_yield(ary);
-	memo[0] = rb_ary_new2(size);
-    }
-
-    return v;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    e.each_slice(n) {...}
- *    e.each_slice(n)
- *
- *  Iterates the given block for each slice of <n> elements.  If no
- *  block is given, returns an enumerator.
- *
- *  e.g.:
- *      (1..10).each_slice(3) {|a| p a}
- *      # outputs below
- *      [1, 2, 3]
- *      [4, 5, 6]
- *      [7, 8, 9]
- *      [10]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-enum_each_slice(obj, n)
-    VALUE obj, n;
-{
-    long size = NUM2LONG(n);
-    VALUE args[2], ary;
-
-    if (size <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid slice size");
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 1, &n);
-    args[0] = rb_ary_new2(size);
-    args[1] = (VALUE)size;
-
-    rb_block_call(obj, SYM2ID(sym_each), 0, 0, each_slice_i, (VALUE)args);
-
-    ary = args[0];
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) > 0) rb_yield(ary);
-
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-each_cons_i(val, memo)
-    VALUE val;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    VALUE ary = memo[0];
-    VALUE v = Qnil;
-    long size = (long)memo[1];
-
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == size) {
-	rb_ary_shift(ary);
-    }
-    rb_ary_push(ary, val);
-    if (RARRAY_LEN(ary) == size) {
-	v = rb_yield(rb_ary_dup(ary));
-    }
-    return v;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    each_cons(n) {...}
- *    each_cons(n)
- *
- *  Iterates the given block for each array of consecutive <n>
- *  elements.  If no block is given, returns an enumerator.a
- *
- *  e.g.:
- *      (1..10).each_cons(3) {|a| p a}
- *      # outputs below
- *      [1, 2, 3]
- *      [2, 3, 4]
- *      [3, 4, 5]
- *      [4, 5, 6]
- *      [5, 6, 7]
- *      [6, 7, 8]
- *      [7, 8, 9]
- *      [8, 9, 10]
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-enum_each_cons(obj, n)
-    VALUE obj, n;
-{
-    long size = NUM2LONG(n);
-    VALUE args[2];
-
-    if (size <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid size");
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 1, &n);
-    args[0] = rb_ary_new2(size);
-    args[1] = (VALUE)size;
-
-    rb_block_call(obj, SYM2ID(sym_each), 0, 0, each_cons_i, (VALUE)args);
-
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-static VALUE enumerator_allocate _((VALUE));
-static VALUE
-enumerator_allocate(klass)
-    VALUE klass;
-{
-    struct enumerator *ptr;
-    VALUE enum_obj;
-
-    enum_obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct enumerator,
-				enumerator_mark, -1, ptr);
-    ptr->obj = Qundef;
-
-    return enum_obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE enumerator_each_i _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE
-enumerator_each_i(v, enum_obj)
-    VALUE v;
-    VALUE enum_obj;
-{
-    return rb_yield(v);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-enumerator_init(enum_obj, obj, meth, argc, argv)
-    VALUE enum_obj;
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE meth;
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-{
-    struct enumerator *ptr;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(enum_obj, struct enumerator, ptr);
-
-    if (!ptr) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated enumerator");
-    }
-
-    ptr->obj  = obj;
-    ptr->meth = rb_to_id(meth);
-    ptr->iter = enumerator_each_i;
-    if (argc) ptr->args = rb_ary_new4(argc, argv);
-
-    return enum_obj;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    Enumerable::Enumerator.new(obj, method = :each, *args)
- *
- *  Creates a new Enumerable::Enumerator object, which is to be
- *  used as an Enumerable object using the given object's given
- *  method with the given arguments.
- *
- *  Use of this method is discouraged.  Use Kernel#enum_for() instead.
- */
-static VALUE
-enumerator_initialize(argc, argv, obj)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE recv, meth = sym_each;
-
-    if (argc == 0)
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of argument (0 for 1)");
-    recv = *argv++;
-    if (--argc) {
-	meth = *argv++;
-	--argc;
-    }
-    return enumerator_init(obj, recv, meth, argc, argv);
-}
-
-/* :nodoc: */
-static VALUE
-enumerator_init_copy(obj, orig)
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE orig;
-{
-    struct enumerator *ptr0, *ptr1;
-
-    ptr0 = enumerator_ptr(orig);
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct enumerator, ptr1);
-
-    if (!ptr1) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unallocated enumerator");
-    }
-
-    ptr1->obj  = ptr0->obj;
-    ptr1->meth = ptr0->meth;
-    ptr1->iter = ptr0->iter;
-    ptr1->args = ptr0->args;
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_enumeratorize(obj, meth, argc, argv)
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE meth;
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-{
-    return enumerator_init(enumerator_allocate(rb_cEnumerator), obj, meth, argc, argv);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    enum.each {...}
- *
- *  Iterates the given block using the object and the method specified
- *  in the first place.  If no block is given, returns self.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-enumerator_each(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct enumerator *e;
-    int argc = 0;
-    VALUE *argv = 0;
-
-    if (!rb_block_given_p()) return obj;
-    e = enumerator_ptr(obj);
-    if (e->args) {
-	argc = RARRAY_LEN(e->args);
-	argv = RARRAY_PTR(e->args);
-    }
-    return rb_block_call(e->obj, e->meth, argc, argv, e->iter, (VALUE)e);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-enumerator_with_index_i(val, memo)
-    VALUE val;
-    VALUE *memo;
-{
-    val = rb_yield_values(2, val, INT2FIX(*memo));
-    ++*memo;
-    return val;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    e.with_index {|(*args), idx| ... }
- *    e.with_index
- *
- *  Iterates the given block for each elements with an index, which
- *  start from 0.  If no block is given, returns an enumerator.
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-enumerator_with_index(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct enumerator *e = enumerator_ptr(obj);
-    VALUE memo = 0;
-    int argc = 0;
-    VALUE *argv = 0;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(obj, 0, 0);
-    if (e->args) {
-	argc = RARRAY_LEN(e->args);
-	argv = RARRAY_PTR(e->args);
-    }
-    return rb_block_call(e->obj, e->meth, argc, argv,
-			 enumerator_with_index_i, (VALUE)&memo);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   e.next   => object
- *
- * Returns the next object in the enumerator, and move the internal
- * position forward.  When the position reached at the end, internal
- * position is rewinded then StopIteration is raised.
- *
- * Note that enumeration sequence by next method does not affect other
- * non-external enumeration methods, unless underlying iteration
- * methods itself has side-effect, e.g. IO#each_line.
- *
- * Caution: Calling this method causes the "generator" library to be
- * loaded.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enumerator_next(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    rb_require("generator");
-    return rb_funcall(obj, rb_intern("next"), 0, 0);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   e.rewind   => e
- *
- * Rewinds the enumeration sequence by the next method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-enumerator_rewind(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    rb_require("generator");
-    return rb_funcall(obj, rb_intern("rewind"), 0, 0);
-}
-
-void
-Init_Enumerator()
-{
-    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "to_enum", obj_to_enum, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "enum_for", obj_to_enum, -1);
-
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "each_slice", enum_each_slice, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_slice", enum_each_slice, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "each_cons", enum_each_cons, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_cons", enum_each_cons, 1);
-
-    rb_cEnumerator = rb_define_class_under(rb_mEnumerable, "Enumerator", rb_cObject);
-    rb_include_module(rb_cEnumerator, rb_mEnumerable);
-
-    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cEnumerator, enumerator_allocate);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "initialize", enumerator_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "initialize_copy", enumerator_init_copy, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "each", enumerator_each, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "each_with_index", enumerator_with_index, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "with_index", enumerator_with_index, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "next", enumerator_next, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "rewind", enumerator_rewind, 0);
-
-    rb_eStopIteration   = rb_define_class("StopIteration", rb_eIndexError);
-
-    sym_each	 	= ID2SYM(rb_intern("each"));
-
-    rb_provide("enumerator.so");	/* for backward compatibility */
-}
diff --git a/error.c b/error.c
index a991f55e57..73d7934815 100644
--- a/error.c
+++ b/error.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
 #endif
 
-extern const char *ruby_description;
+extern const char ruby_version[], ruby_release_date[], ruby_platform[];
 
 int ruby_nerrs;
 
@@ -208,7 +208,8 @@ rb_bug(fmt, va_alist)
 	va_init_list(args, fmt);
 	vfprintf(out, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	fprintf(out, "\n%s\n\n", ruby_description);
+	fprintf(out, "\nruby %s (%s) [%s]\n\n",
+		ruby_version, ruby_release_date, ruby_platform);
     }
     abort();
 }
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ rb_check_type(x, t)
     if (TYPE(x) != t) {
 	while (type->type >= 0) {
 	    if (type->type == t) {
-		const char *etype;
+		char *etype;
 
 		if (NIL_P(x)) {
 		    etype = "nil";
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@ rb_check_backtrace(bt)
     VALUE bt;
 {
     long i;
-    static const char err[] = "backtrace must be Array of String";
+    static char *err = "backtrace must be Array of String";
 
     if (!NIL_P(bt)) {
 	int t = TYPE(bt);
@@ -727,7 +728,7 @@ name_err_mesg_to_str(obj)
     mesg = ptr[0];
     if (NIL_P(mesg)) return Qnil;
     else {
-	const char *desc = 0;
+	char *desc = 0;
 	VALUE d = 0, args[3];
 
 	obj = ptr[1];
@@ -881,7 +882,7 @@ syserr_initialize(argc, argv, self)
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__VMS)
     char *strerror();
 #endif
-    const char *err;
+    char *err;
     VALUE mesg, error;
     VALUE klass = rb_obj_class(self);
 
@@ -951,16 +952,18 @@ syserr_eqq(self, exc)
     VALUE self, exc;
 {
     VALUE num, e;
-    ID en = rb_intern("errno");
 
-    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(exc, rb_eSystemCallError)) {
-	if (!rb_respond_to(exc, en)) return Qfalse;
-    }
-    else if (self == rb_eSystemCallError) return Qtrue;
+    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(exc, rb_eSystemCallError)) return Qfalse;
+    if (self == rb_eSystemCallError) return Qtrue;
 
-    num = rb_attr_get(exc, en);
+    num = rb_attr_get(exc, rb_intern("errno"));
     if (NIL_P(num)) {
-	num = rb_funcall(exc, en, 0, 0);
+	VALUE klass = CLASS_OF(exc);
+
+	while (TYPE(klass) == T_ICLASS || FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
+	    klass = (VALUE)RCLASS(klass)->super;
+	}
+	num = rb_const_get(klass, rb_intern("Errno"));
     }
     e = rb_const_get(self, rb_intern("Errno"));
     if (FIXNUM_P(num) ? num == e : rb_equal(num, e))
diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c
index 7308409df1..ee85f1e40f 100644
--- a/eval.c
+++ b/eval.c
@@ -74,16 +74,7 @@ char *strrchr _((const char*,const char));
 
 #include <time.h>
 
-#if defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H) || defined(_WIN32)
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_FCNTL_H)
-#include <sys/fcntl.h>
-#endif
-#ifdef __CYGWIN__
-#include <io.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__BEOS__) && !defined(BONE)
+#ifdef __BEOS__
 #include <net/socket.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -204,11 +195,14 @@ static int volatile freebsd_clear_carry_flag = 0;
      POST_GETCONTEXT, \
      (j)->status)
 #else
-#  define ruby_setjmp(just_before_setjmp, env) \
-     ((just_before_setjmp), RUBY_SETJMP(env))
-#  define ruby_longjmp(env,val) RUBY_LONGJMP(env,val)
-#  ifdef __CYGWIN__
-int _setjmp(), _longjmp();
+#  if !defined(setjmp) && defined(HAVE__SETJMP)
+#    define ruby_setjmp(just_before_setjmp, env) \
+       ((just_before_setjmp), _setjmp(env))
+#    define ruby_longjmp(env,val) _longjmp(env,val)
+#  else
+#    define ruby_setjmp(just_before_setjmp, env) \
+       ((just_before_setjmp), setjmp(env))
+#    define ruby_longjmp(env,val) longjmp(env,val)
 #  endif
 #endif
 
@@ -498,7 +492,7 @@ rb_get_method_body(klassp, idp, noexp)
 {
     ID id = *idp;
     VALUE klass = *klassp;
-    VALUE origin = 0;
+    VALUE origin;
     NODE * volatile body;
     struct cache_entry *ent;
 
@@ -1038,7 +1032,7 @@ static struct tag *prot_tag;
 #define PROT_LAMBDA INT2FIX(2)	/* 5 */
 #define PROT_YIELD  INT2FIX(3)	/* 7 */
 
-#define EXEC_TAG()    ruby_setjmp(((void)0), prot_tag->buf)
+#define EXEC_TAG()    (FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS, ruby_setjmp(((void)0), prot_tag->buf))
 
 #define JUMP_TAG(st) do {		\
     ruby_frame = prot_tag->frame;	\
@@ -1114,8 +1108,8 @@ static void scope_dup _((struct SCOPE *));
 } while (0)
 
 static VALUE rb_eval _((VALUE,NODE*));
-static VALUE eval _((VALUE,VALUE,VALUE,const char*,int));
-static NODE *compile _((VALUE, const char*, int));
+static VALUE eval _((VALUE,VALUE,VALUE,char*,int));
+static NODE *compile _((VALUE, char*, int));
 
 static VALUE rb_yield_0 _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, int, int));
 
@@ -1124,7 +1118,6 @@ static VALUE rb_yield_0 _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE, int, int));
 #define YIELD_PUBLIC_DEF  4
 #define YIELD_FUNC_AVALUE 1
 #define YIELD_FUNC_SVALUE 2
-#define YIELD_FUNC_LAMBDA 3
 
 static VALUE rb_call _((VALUE,VALUE,ID,int,const VALUE*,int,VALUE));
 static VALUE module_setup _((VALUE,NODE*));
@@ -1238,7 +1231,7 @@ error_print()
 {
     VALUE errat = Qnil;		/* OK */
     volatile VALUE eclass, e;
-    const char *einfo;
+    char *einfo;
     long elen;
 
     if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) return;
@@ -1320,7 +1313,6 @@ error_print()
     if (!NIL_P(errat)) {
 	long i;
 	struct RArray *ep = RARRAY(errat);
-        int truncate = eclass == rb_eSysStackError;
 
 #define TRACE_MAX (TRACE_HEAD+TRACE_TAIL+5)
 #define TRACE_HEAD 8
@@ -1331,7 +1323,7 @@ error_print()
 	    if (TYPE(ep->ptr[i]) == T_STRING) {
 		warn_printf("\tfrom %s\n", RSTRING(ep->ptr[i])->ptr);
 	    }
-	    if (truncate && i == TRACE_HEAD && ep->len > TRACE_MAX) {
+	    if (i == TRACE_HEAD && ep->len > TRACE_MAX) {
 		warn_printf("\t ... %ld levels...\n",
 			ep->len - TRACE_HEAD - TRACE_TAIL);
 		i = ep->len - TRACE_TAIL;
@@ -2042,7 +2034,7 @@ void
 rb_frozen_class_p(klass)
     VALUE klass;
 {
-    const char *desc = "something(?!)";
+    char *desc = "something(?!)";
 
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(klass)) {
 	if (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON))
@@ -2080,7 +2072,7 @@ rb_undef(klass, id)
     }
     body = search_method(klass, id, &origin);
     if (!body || !body->nd_body) {
-	const char *s0 = " class";
+	char *s0 = " class";
 	VALUE c = klass;
 
 	if (FL_TEST(c, FL_SINGLETON)) {
@@ -2171,7 +2163,7 @@ rb_alias(klass, name, def)
     VALUE klass;
     ID name, def;
 {
-    VALUE origin = 0;
+    VALUE origin;
     NODE *orig, *body, *node;
     VALUE singleton = 0;
     st_data_t data;
@@ -2332,9 +2324,9 @@ rb_copy_node_scope(node, rval)
 
 #define MATCH_DATA *rb_svar(node->nd_cnt)
 
-static const char* is_defined _((VALUE, NODE*, char*));
+static char* is_defined _((VALUE, NODE*, char*));
 
-static const char*
+static char*
 arg_defined(self, node, buf, type)
     VALUE self;
     NODE *node;
@@ -2361,7 +2353,7 @@ arg_defined(self, node, buf, type)
     return type;
 }
 
-static const char*
+static char*
 is_defined(self, node, buf)
     VALUE self;
     NODE *node;			/* OK */
@@ -2681,27 +2673,27 @@ set_trace_func(obj, trace)
     return trace;
 }
 
-static const char *
+static char *
 get_event_name(rb_event_t event)
 {
     switch (event) {
-      case RUBY_EVENT_LINE:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_LINE:
 	return "line";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_CLASS:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_CLASS:
 	return "class";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_END:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_END:
 	return "end";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_CALL:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_CALL:
 	return "call";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_RETURN:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_RETURN:
 	return "return";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_C_CALL:
 	return "c-call";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_C_RETURN:
 	return "c-return";
-      case RUBY_EVENT_RAISE:
+    case RUBY_EVENT_RAISE:
 	return "raise";
-      default:
+    default:
 	return "unknown";
     }
 }
@@ -2718,7 +2710,7 @@ call_trace_func(event, node, self, id, klass)
     struct FRAME *prev;
     NODE *node_save;
     VALUE srcfile;
-    const char *event_name;
+    char *event_name;
     rb_thread_t th = curr_thread;
 
     if (!trace_func) return;
@@ -3055,16 +3047,13 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
 	RETURN(Qfalse);
 
       case NODE_IF:
+	EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_LINE, node, self,
+			ruby_frame->last_func,
+			ruby_frame->last_class);
 	if (RTEST(rb_eval(self, node->nd_cond))) {
-	    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_LINE, node, self,
-			    ruby_frame->last_func,
-			    ruby_frame->last_class);
 	    node = node->nd_body;
 	}
 	else {
-	    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_LINE, node, self,
-			    ruby_frame->last_func,
-			    ruby_frame->last_class);
 	    node = node->nd_else;
 	}
 	goto again;
@@ -3898,13 +3887,11 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
 	      case NODE_DREGX:
 		result = rb_reg_new(RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len,
 				    node->nd_cflag);
-		RB_GC_GUARD(str); /* ensure str is not GC'd in rb_reg_new */
 		break;
 	      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:	/* regexp expand once */
 		result = rb_reg_new(RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len,
 				    node->nd_cflag);
 		nd_set_type(node, NODE_LIT);
-		RB_GC_GUARD(str); /* ensure str is not GC'd in rb_reg_new */
 		node->nd_lit = result;
 		break;
 	      case NODE_LIT:
@@ -3934,7 +3921,7 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
       case NODE_DEFN:
 	if (node->nd_defn) {
 	    NODE *body,  *defn;
-	    VALUE origin = 0;
+	    VALUE origin;
 	    int noex;
 
 	    if (NIL_P(ruby_class)) {
@@ -4149,7 +4136,7 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
       case NODE_DEFINED:
 	{
 	    char buf[20];
-	    const char *desc = is_defined(self, node->nd_head, buf);
+	    char *desc = is_defined(self, node->nd_head, buf);
 
 	    if (desc) result = rb_str_new2(desc);
 	    else result = Qnil;
@@ -4673,8 +4660,7 @@ rb_exc_fatal(mesg)
 void
 rb_interrupt()
 {
-    static const char fmt[1] = {'\0'};
-    rb_raise(rb_eInterrupt, fmt);
+    rb_raise(rb_eInterrupt, "");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4830,7 +4816,7 @@ proc_jump_error(state, result)
     VALUE result;
 {
     char mesg[32];
-    const char *statement;
+    char *statement;
 
     switch (state) {
       case TAG_BREAK:
@@ -4944,7 +4930,7 @@ rb_yield_0(val, self, klass, flags, avalue)
     VALUE val, self, klass;	/* OK */
     int flags, avalue;
 {
-    NODE *node, *var;
+    NODE *node;
     volatile VALUE result = Qnil;
     volatile VALUE old_cref;
     volatile VALUE old_wrapper;
@@ -4986,35 +4972,27 @@ rb_yield_0(val, self, klass, flags, avalue)
 	self = block->self;
     }
     node = block->body;
-    var = block->var;
 
-    if (var) {
+    if (block->var) {
 	PUSH_TAG(PROT_NONE);
 	if ((state = EXEC_TAG()) == 0) {
-	    NODE *bvar = NULL;
-	  block_var:
-	    if (var == (NODE*)1) { /* no parameter || */
+	    if (block->var == (NODE*)1) { /* no parameter || */
 		if (lambda && RARRAY(val)->len != 0) {
 		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%ld for 0)",
 			     RARRAY(val)->len);
 		}
 	    }
-	    else if (var == (NODE*)2) {
+	    else if (block->var == (NODE*)2) {
 		if (TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY && RARRAY(val)->len != 0) {
 		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%ld for 0)",
 			     RARRAY(val)->len);
 		}
 	    }
-	    else if (!bvar && nd_type(var) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
-		bvar = var->nd_body;
-		var = var->nd_args;
-		goto block_var;
-	    }
-	    else if (nd_type(var) == NODE_MASGN) {
+	    else if (nd_type(block->var) == NODE_MASGN) {
 		if (!avalue) {
-		    val = svalue_to_mrhs(val, var->nd_head);
+		    val = svalue_to_mrhs(val, block->var->nd_head);
 		}
-		massign(self, var, val, lambda);
+		massign(self, block->var, val, lambda);
 	    }
 	    else {
 		int len = 0;
@@ -5035,21 +5013,13 @@ rb_yield_0(val, self, klass, flags, avalue)
 		    val = Qnil;
 		  multi_values:
 		    {
-			ruby_current_node = var;
+			ruby_current_node = block->var;
 			rb_warn("multiple values for a block parameter (%d for 1)\n\tfrom %s:%d",
 				len, cnode->nd_file, nd_line(cnode));
 			ruby_current_node = cnode;
 		    }
 		}
-		assign(self, var, val, lambda);
-	    }
-	    if (bvar) {
-		VALUE blk;
-		if (flags & YIELD_PROC_CALL)
-		    blk = block->block_obj;
-		else
-		    blk = rb_block_proc();
-		assign(self, bvar, blk, 0);
+		assign(self, block->var, val, lambda);
 	    }
 	}
 	POP_TAG();
@@ -5066,18 +5036,12 @@ rb_yield_0(val, self, klass, flags, avalue)
     if ((state = EXEC_TAG()) == 0) {
       redo:
 	if (nd_type(node) == NODE_CFUNC || nd_type(node) == NODE_IFUNC) {
-	    switch (node->nd_state) {
-	      case YIELD_FUNC_LAMBDA:
-		if (!avalue) {
-		    val = (val == Qundef) ? rb_ary_new2(0) : rb_ary_new3(1, val);
-		}
-		break;
-	      case YIELD_FUNC_AVALUE:
+	    if (node->nd_state == YIELD_FUNC_AVALUE) {
 		if (!avalue) {
 		    val = svalue_to_avalue(val);
 		}
-		break;
-	      default:
+	    }
+	    else {
 		if (avalue) {
 		    val = avalue_to_svalue(val);
 		}
@@ -5215,16 +5179,6 @@ rb_yield_splat(values)
     return rb_yield_0(values, 0, 0, 0, avalue);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-loop_i()
-{
-    for (;;) {
-	rb_yield_0(Qundef, 0, 0, 0, Qfalse);
-	CHECK_INTS;
-    }
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     loop {|| block } 
@@ -5237,14 +5191,15 @@ loop_i()
  *       break if !line or line =~ /^qQ/
  *       # ...
  *     end
- *
- *  StopIteration raised in the block breaks the loop.
  */
 
 static VALUE
 rb_f_loop()
 {
-    rb_rescue2(loop_i, (VALUE)0, 0, 0, rb_eStopIteration, (VALUE)0);
+    for (;;) {
+	rb_yield_0(Qundef, 0, 0, 0, Qfalse);
+	CHECK_INTS;
+    }
     return Qnil;		/* dummy */
 }
 
@@ -5657,7 +5612,7 @@ rb_method_missing(argc, argv, obj)
 {
     ID id;
     VALUE exc = rb_eNoMethodError;
-    const char *format = 0;
+    char *format = 0;
     NODE *cnode = ruby_current_node;
 
     if (argc == 0 || !SYMBOL_P(argv[0])) {
@@ -5950,7 +5905,7 @@ rb_call0(klass, recv, id, oid, argc, argv, body, flags)
 	}
 	result = proc_invoke(body->nd_cval, rb_ary_new4(argc, argv), recv, klass);
 	if (event_hooks) {
-	    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN, ruby_current_node, recv, id, klass);
+	    EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN, body, recv, id, klass);
 	}
 	break;
 
@@ -6073,7 +6028,7 @@ rb_call0(klass, recv, id, oid, argc, argv, body, flags)
 	    }
 	    POP_TAG();
 	    if (event_hooks) {
-		EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN, ruby_current_node, recv, id, klass);
+		EXEC_EVENT_HOOK(RUBY_EVENT_RETURN, body, recv, id, klass);
 	    }
 	    POP_VARS();
 	    POP_CLASS();
@@ -6457,16 +6412,10 @@ rb_frame_last_func()
     return ruby_frame->last_func;
 }
 
-ID
-rb_frame_this_func()
-{
-    return ruby_frame->orig_func;
-}
-
 static NODE*
 compile(src, file, line)
     VALUE src;
-    const char *file;
+    char *file;
     int line;
 {
     NODE *node;
@@ -6486,7 +6435,7 @@ compile(src, file, line)
 static VALUE
 eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
     VALUE self, src, scope;
-    const char *file;
+    char *file;
     int line;
 {
     struct BLOCK *data = NULL;
@@ -6605,12 +6554,12 @@ eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
 		errat = get_backtrace(ruby_errinfo);
 		mesg = rb_attr_get(ruby_errinfo, rb_intern("mesg"));
 		if (!NIL_P(errat) && TYPE(errat) == T_ARRAY &&
-		    (bt2 = backtrace(-2), RARRAY_LEN(bt2) > 0)) {
+		    (bt2 = backtrace(-2), RARRAY(bt2)->len > 0)) {
 		    if (!NIL_P(mesg) && TYPE(mesg) == T_STRING) {
 			rb_str_update(mesg, 0, 0, rb_str_new2(": "));
-			rb_str_update(mesg, 0, 0, RARRAY_PTR(errat)[0]);
+			rb_str_update(mesg, 0, 0, RARRAY(errat)->ptr[0]);
 		    }
-		    RARRAY_PTR(errat)[0] = RARRAY_PTR(bt2)[0];
+		    RARRAY(errat)->ptr[0] = RARRAY(bt2)->ptr[0];
 		}
 	    }
 	    rb_exc_raise(ruby_errinfo);
@@ -6647,7 +6596,7 @@ rb_f_eval(argc, argv, self)
     VALUE self;
 {
     VALUE src, scope, vfile, vline;
-    const char *file = "(eval)";
+    char *file = "(eval)";
     int line = 1;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &src, &scope, &vfile, &vline);
@@ -6764,28 +6713,12 @@ yield_under_i(self)
     return rb_yield_0(self, self, ruby_class, YIELD_PUBLIC_DEF, Qfalse);
 }
 
-static VALUE
-yield_args_under_i(vinfo)
-    VALUE vinfo;
-{
-    VALUE *info = (VALUE *)vinfo;
-
-    return rb_yield_0(info[0], info[1], ruby_class, YIELD_PUBLIC_DEF, Qtrue);
-}
-
 /* block eval under the class/module context */
 static VALUE
-yield_under(under, self, args)
-    VALUE under, self, args;
+yield_under(under, self)
+    VALUE under, self;
 {
-    if (args == Qundef) {
-	return exec_under(yield_under_i, under, 0, self);
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE info[2] = { args, self };
-
-	return exec_under(yield_args_under_i, under, 0, (VALUE)info);
-    }
+    return exec_under(yield_under_i, under, 0, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -6798,10 +6731,10 @@ specific_eval(argc, argv, klass, self)
 	if (argc > 0) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 0)", argc);
 	}
-	return yield_under(klass, self, Qundef);
+	return yield_under(klass, self);
     }
     else {
-	const char *file = "(eval)";
+	char *file = "(eval)";
 	int   line = 1;
 
 	if (argc == 0) {
@@ -6870,41 +6803,6 @@ rb_obj_instance_eval(argc, argv, self)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     obj.instance_exec(arg...) {|var...| block }                       => obj
- *
- *  Executes the given block within the context of the receiver
- *  (_obj_). In order to set the context, the variable +self+ is set
- *  to _obj_ while the code is executing, giving the code access to
- *  _obj_'s instance variables.  Arguments are passed as block parameters.
- *
- *     class KlassWithSecret
- *       def initialize
- *         @secret = 99
- *       end
- *     end
- *     k = KlassWithSecret.new
- *     k.instance_exec(5) {|x| @secret+x }   #=> 104
- */
-
-VALUE
-rb_obj_instance_exec(argc, argv, self)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE self;
-{
-    VALUE klass;
-
-    if (SPECIAL_CONST_P(self)) {
-	klass = Qnil;
-    }
-    else {
-	klass = rb_singleton_class(self);
-    }
-    return yield_under(klass, self, rb_ary_new4(argc, argv));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
  *     mod.class_eval(string [, filename [, lineno]])  => obj
  *     mod.module_eval {|| block }                     => obj
  *  
@@ -6936,35 +6834,6 @@ rb_mod_module_eval(argc, argv, mod)
     return specific_eval(argc, argv, mod, mod);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     mod.module_exec(arg...) {|var...| block }       => obj
- *     mod.class_exec(arg...) {|var...| block }        => obj
- *
- *  Evaluates the given block in the context of the class/module.
- *  The method defined in the block will belong to the receiver.
- *
- *     class Thing
- *     end
- *     Thing.class_exec{
- *       def hello() "Hello there!" end
- *     }
- *     puts Thing.new.hello()
- *
- *  <em>produces:</em>
- *
- *     Hello there!
- */
-
-VALUE
-rb_mod_module_exec(argc, argv, mod)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE mod;
-{
-    return yield_under(mod, mod, rb_ary_new4(argc, argv));
-}
-
 VALUE rb_load_path;
 
 NORETURN(static void load_failed _((VALUE)));
@@ -7134,16 +7003,16 @@ static const char *const loadable_ext[] = {
     0
 };
 
-static int rb_feature_p _((const char **, const char *, int));
+static int rb_feature_p _((const char *, const char *, int));
 static int search_required _((VALUE, VALUE *, VALUE *));
 
 static int
-rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, rb)
-    const char **ftptr, *ext;
+rb_feature_p(feature, ext, rb)
+    const char *feature, *ext;
     int rb;
 {
     VALUE v;
-    const char *f, *e, *feature = *ftptr;
+    const char *f, *e;
     long i, len, elen;
 
     if (ext) {
@@ -7161,21 +7030,18 @@ rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, rb)
 	    continue;
 	if (!*(e = f + len)) {
 	    if (ext) continue;
-	    *ftptr = 0;
 	    return 'u';
 	}
 	if (*e != '.') continue;
 	if ((!rb || !ext) && (IS_SOEXT(e) || IS_DLEXT(e))) {
-	    *ftptr = 0;
 	    return 's';
 	}
 	if ((rb || !ext) && (strcmp(e, ".rb") == 0)) {
-	    *ftptr = 0;
 	    return 'r';
 	}
     }
     if (loading_tbl) {
-	if (st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)feature, (st_data_t *)ftptr)) {
+	if (st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)feature, 0)) {
 	    if (!ext) return 'u';
 	    return strcmp(ext, ".rb") ? 's' : 'r';
 	}
@@ -7187,7 +7053,7 @@ rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, rb)
 	    MEMCPY(buf, feature, char, len);
 	    for (i = 0; (e = loadable_ext[i]) != 0; i++) {
 		strncpy(buf + len, e, DLEXT_MAXLEN + 1);
-		if (st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)buf, (st_data_t *)ftptr)) {
+		if (st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)buf, 0)) {
 		    return i ? 's' : 'r';
 		}
 	    }
@@ -7195,7 +7061,6 @@ rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, rb)
     }
     return 0;
 }
-#define rb_feature_p(feature, ext, rb) rb_feature_p(&feature, ext, rb)
 
 int
 rb_provided(feature)
@@ -7252,9 +7117,8 @@ load_lock(ftptr)
 	return (char *)ftptr;
     }
     do {
-	rb_thread_t owner = (rb_thread_t)th;
-	if (owner == curr_thread) return 0;
-	rb_thread_join(owner->thread, -1.0);
+	if ((rb_thread_t)th == curr_thread) return 0;
+	CHECK_INTS;
     } while (st_lookup(loading_tbl, (st_data_t)ftptr, &th));
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7305,7 +7169,7 @@ search_required(fname, featurep, path)
     VALUE fname, *featurep, *path;
 {
     VALUE tmp;
-    const char *ext, *ftptr;
+    char *ext, *ftptr;
     int type;
 
     *featurep = fname;
@@ -7313,18 +7177,12 @@ search_required(fname, featurep, path)
     ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(fname), '.');
     if (ext && !strchr(ext, '/')) {
 	if (strcmp(".rb", ext) == 0) {
-	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qtrue)) {
-		if (ftptr) *path = rb_str_new2(ftptr);
-		return 'r';
-	    }
+	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qtrue)) return 'r';
 	    if ((*path = rb_find_file(fname)) != 0) return 'r';
 	    return 0;
 	}
 	else if (IS_SOEXT(ext)) {
-	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qfalse)) {
-		if (ftptr) *path = rb_str_new2(ftptr);
-		return 's';
-	    }
+	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qfalse)) return 's';
 	    tmp = rb_str_new(RSTRING_PTR(fname), ext-RSTRING_PTR(fname));
 	    *featurep = tmp;
 #ifdef DLEXT2
@@ -7343,10 +7201,7 @@ search_required(fname, featurep, path)
 #endif
 	}
 	else if (IS_DLEXT(ext)) {
-	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qfalse)) {
-		if (ftptr) *path = rb_str_new2(ftptr);
-		return 's';
-	    }
+	    if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, Qfalse)) return 's';
 	    if ((*path = rb_find_file(fname)) != 0) return 's';
 	}
     }
@@ -7355,16 +7210,13 @@ search_required(fname, featurep, path)
     *featurep = tmp;
     switch (type) {
       case 0:
-	type = rb_feature_p(ftptr, 0, Qfalse);
-	if (type && ftptr) *path = rb_str_new2(ftptr);
-	return type;
+	ftptr = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
+	return rb_feature_p(ftptr, 0, Qfalse);
 
       default:
 	ext = strrchr(ftptr = RSTRING(tmp)->ptr, '.');
-	if (!rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, !--type))
-	    *path = rb_find_file(tmp);
-	else if (ftptr)
-	    *path = rb_str_new2(ftptr);
+	if (rb_feature_p(ftptr, ext, !--type)) break;
+	*path = rb_find_file(tmp);
     }
     return type ? 's' : 'r';
 }
@@ -7725,7 +7577,7 @@ rb_mod_modfunc(argc, argv, module)
 		body = search_method(rb_cObject, id, &m);
 	    }
 	    if (body == 0 || body->nd_body == 0) {
-		print_undef(module, id);
+		rb_bug("undefined method `%s'; can't happen", rb_id2name(id));
 	    }
 	    if (nd_type(body->nd_body) != NODE_ZSUPER) {
 		break;		/* normal case: need not to follow 'super' link */
@@ -8143,37 +7995,6 @@ rb_exec_end_proc()
     ruby_safe_level = safe;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     __method__         => symbol
- *  
- *  Returns the name of the current method as a Symbol.
- *  If called from inside of an aliased method it will return the original
- *  nonaliased name.
- *  If called outside of a method, it returns <code>nil</code>.
- *  
- *    def foo
- *      __method__
- *    end
- *    alias bar foo
- *    
- *    foo                # => :foo
- *    bar                # => :foo
- *
- */
-
-static VALUE
-rb_f_method_name()
-{
-    struct FRAME* prev = ruby_frame->prev;
-    if (prev && prev->orig_func) {
-	return ID2SYM(prev->orig_func);
-    }
-    else {
-	return Qnil;
-    }
-}
-
 void
 Init_eval()
 {
@@ -8230,12 +8051,9 @@ Init_eval()
     rb_define_global_function("global_variables", rb_f_global_variables, 0); /* in variable.c */
     rb_define_global_function("local_variables", rb_f_local_variables, 0);
 
-    rb_define_global_function("__method__", rb_f_method_name, 0);
-
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "send", rb_f_send, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "__send__", rb_f_send, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_eval", rb_obj_instance_eval, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "instance_exec", rb_obj_instance_exec, -1);
 
     rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "append_features", rb_mod_append_features, 1);
     rb_define_private_method(rb_cModule, "extend_object", rb_mod_extend_object, 1);
@@ -8251,9 +8069,7 @@ Init_eval()
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "public_class_method", rb_mod_public_method, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "private_class_method", rb_mod_private_method, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "module_eval", rb_mod_module_eval, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "module_exec", rb_mod_module_exec, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_eval", rb_mod_module_eval, -1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "class_exec", rb_mod_module_exec, -1);
 
     rb_undef_method(rb_cClass, "module_function");
 
@@ -8565,19 +8381,6 @@ proc_dup(self)
     return bind;
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_block_dup(self, klass, cref)
-    VALUE self, klass, cref;
-{
-    struct BLOCK *block;
-    VALUE obj = proc_dup(self);
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct BLOCK, block);
-    block->klass = klass;
-    block->cref = NEW_NODE(nd_type(block->cref), cref, block->cref->u2.node,
-			   block->cref->u3.node);
-    return obj;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     binding -> a_binding
@@ -8635,35 +8438,6 @@ rb_f_binding(self)
     return bind;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     binding.eval(string [, filename [,lineno]])  => obj
- *
- *  Evaluates the Ruby expression(s) in <em>string</em>, in the
- *  <em>binding</em>'s context.  If the optional <em>filename</em> and
- *  <em>lineno</em> parameters are present, they will be used when
- *  reporting syntax errors.
- *
- *     def getBinding(param)
- *       return binding
- *     end
- *     b = getBinding("hello")
- *     b.eval("param")   #=> "hello"
- */
-
-static VALUE
-bind_eval(argc, argv, bindval)
-    int argc;
-    VALUE *argv;
-    VALUE bindval;
-{
-    VALUE args[4];
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &args[0], &args[2], &args[3]);
-    args[1] = bindval;
-    return rb_f_eval(argc+1, args, Qnil /* self will be searched in eval */);
-}
-
 #define SAFE_LEVEL_MAX PROC_TMASK
 
 static void
@@ -8825,12 +8599,13 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, self, klass)
     volatile VALUE old_wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
     volatile int pcall, avalue = Qtrue;
     volatile VALUE tmp = args;
-    VALUE bvar = Qnil;
 
     if (rb_block_given_p() && ruby_frame->last_func) {
 	if (klass != ruby_frame->last_class)
 	    klass = rb_obj_class(proc);
-	bvar = rb_block_proc();
+	rb_warning("block for %s#%s is useless",
+		   rb_class2name(klass),
+		   rb_id2name(ruby_frame->last_func));
     }
 
     Data_Get_Struct(proc, struct BLOCK, data);
@@ -8846,7 +8621,6 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, self, klass)
     /* PUSH BLOCK from data */
     old_block = ruby_block;
     _block = *data;
-    _block.block_obj = bvar;
     if (self != Qundef) _block.frame.self = self;
     if (klass) _block.frame.last_class = klass;
     _block.frame.argc = RARRAY(tmp)->len;
@@ -8867,8 +8641,7 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, self, klass)
     state = EXEC_TAG();
     if (state == 0) {
 	proc_set_safe_level(proc);
-	result = rb_yield_0(args, self, (self!=Qundef)?CLASS_OF(self):0,
-			    pcall | YIELD_PROC_CALL, avalue);
+	result = rb_yield_0(args, self, (self!=Qundef)?CLASS_OF(self):0, pcall, avalue);
     }
     else if (TAG_DST()) {
 	result = prot_tag->retval;
@@ -8937,8 +8710,8 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, self, klass)
  *     	from prog.rb:5
  */
 
-VALUE
-rb_proc_call(proc, args)
+static VALUE
+proc_call(proc, args)
     VALUE proc, args;		/* OK */
 {
     return proc_invoke(proc, args, Qundef, 0);
@@ -8972,36 +8745,30 @@ proc_arity(proc)
     VALUE proc;
 {
     struct BLOCK *data;
-    NODE *var, *list;
+    NODE *list;
     int n;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(proc, struct BLOCK, data);
-    var = data->var;
-    if (var == 0) {
+    if (data->var == 0) {
 	if (data->body && nd_type(data->body) == NODE_IFUNC &&
 	    data->body->nd_cfnc == bmcall) {
 	    return method_arity(data->body->nd_tval);
 	}
 	return INT2FIX(-1);
     }
-    if (var == (NODE*)1) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (var == (NODE*)2) return INT2FIX(0);
-    if (nd_type(var) == NODE_BLOCK_ARG) {
-	var = var->nd_args;
-	if (var == (NODE*)1) return INT2FIX(0);
-	if (var == (NODE*)2) return INT2FIX(0);
-    }
-    switch (nd_type(var)) {
+    if (data->var == (NODE*)1) return INT2FIX(0);
+    if (data->var == (NODE*)2) return INT2FIX(0);
+    switch (nd_type(data->var)) {
       default:
 	return INT2FIX(1);
       case NODE_MASGN:
-	list = var->nd_head;
+	list = data->var->nd_head;
 	n = 0;
 	while (list) {
 	    n++;
 	    list = list->nd_next;
 	}
-	if (var->nd_args) return INT2FIX(-n-1);
+	if (data->var->nd_args) return INT2FIX(-n-1);
 	return INT2FIX(n);
     }
 }
@@ -9049,7 +8816,7 @@ proc_to_s(self)
 {
     struct BLOCK *data;
     NODE *node;
-    const char *cname = rb_obj_classname(self);
+    char *cname = rb_obj_classname(self);
     const int w = (sizeof(VALUE) * CHAR_BIT) / 4;
     long len = strlen(cname)+6+w; /* 6:tags 16:addr */
     VALUE str;
@@ -9263,7 +9030,6 @@ mnew(klass, obj, id, mklass)
 	   (FL_TEST(rklass, FL_SINGLETON) || TYPE(rklass) == T_ICLASS)) {
 	rklass = RCLASS(rklass)->super;
     }
-    if (TYPE(klass) == T_ICLASS) klass = RBASIC(klass)->klass;
     method = Data_Make_Struct(mklass, struct METHOD, bm_mark, free, data);
     data->klass = klass;
     data->recv = obj;
@@ -9363,57 +9129,6 @@ method_unbind(obj)
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
- *     meth.receiver    => object
- *
- *  Returns the bound receiver of the method object.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-method_receiver(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct METHOD *data;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct METHOD, data);
-    return data->recv;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     meth.name    => string
- *
- *  Returns the name of the method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-method_name(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct METHOD *data;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct METHOD, data);
-    return rb_str_new2(rb_id2name(data->oid));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     meth.owner    => class_or_module
- *
- *  Returns the class or module that defines the method.
- */
-
-static VALUE
-method_owner(obj)
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    struct METHOD *data;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct METHOD, data);
-    return data->klass;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
  *     obj.method(sym)    => method
  *  
  *  Looks up the named method as a receiver in <i>obj</i>, returning a
@@ -9440,7 +9155,7 @@ method_owner(obj)
  *     m.call   #=> "Hello, @iv = Fred"
  */
 
-VALUE
+static VALUE
 rb_obj_method(obj, vid)
     VALUE obj;
     VALUE vid;
@@ -9507,29 +9222,6 @@ method_clone(self)
     return clone;
 }
 
-VALUE
-rb_method_dup(self, klass, cref)
-    VALUE self;
-    VALUE klass;
-    VALUE cref;
-{
-    VALUE clone;
-    struct METHOD *orig, *data;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct METHOD, orig);
-    clone = Data_Make_Struct(CLASS_OF(self),struct METHOD, bm_mark, free, data);
-    *data = *orig;
-    data->rklass = klass;
-    if (data->body->nd_rval) {
-	NODE *tmp = NEW_NODE(nd_type(data->body->u2.node), cref,
-			     data->body->u2.node->u2.node,
-			     data->body->u2.node->u3.node);
-	data->body = NEW_NODE(nd_type(data->body), data->body->u1.node, tmp,
-			      data->body->u3.node);
-    }
-    return clone;
-}
-
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     meth.call(args, ...)    => obj
@@ -9783,7 +9475,7 @@ method_inspect(method)
     struct METHOD *data;
     VALUE str;
     const char *s;
-    const char *sharp = "#";
+    char *sharp = "#";
 
     Data_Get_Struct(method, struct METHOD, data);
     str = rb_str_buf_new2("#<");
@@ -9812,8 +9504,12 @@ method_inspect(method)
     else {
 	rb_str_buf_cat2(str, rb_class2name(data->rklass));
 	if (data->rklass != data->klass) {
+	    VALUE klass = data -> klass;
+	    if (TYPE(klass) == T_ICLASS) {
+		klass = RBASIC(klass)->klass;
+	    }
 	    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, "(");
-	    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, rb_class2name(data->klass));
+	    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, rb_class2name(klass));
 	    rb_str_buf_cat2(str, ")");
 	}
     }
@@ -9862,8 +9558,7 @@ rb_proc_new(func, val)
     VALUE proc = rb_iterate((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))mproc, 0, func, val);
 
     Data_Get_Struct(proc, struct BLOCK, data);
-    data->body->nd_state = YIELD_FUNC_LAMBDA;
-    data->flags |= BLOCK_LAMBDA;
+    data->body->nd_state = YIELD_FUNC_AVALUE;
     return proc;
 }
 
@@ -10040,9 +9735,9 @@ Init_Proc()
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "clone", proc_clone, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "dup", proc_dup, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "call", rb_proc_call, -2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "call", proc_call, -2);
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "arity", proc_arity, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "[]", rb_proc_call, -2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "[]", proc_call, -2);
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "==", proc_eq, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "to_s", proc_to_s, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cProc, "to_proc", proc_to_self, 0);
@@ -10062,9 +9757,6 @@ Init_Proc()
     rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "inspect", method_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "to_s", method_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "to_proc", method_proc, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "receiver", method_receiver, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "name", method_name, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "owner", method_owner, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cMethod, "unbind", method_unbind, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "method", rb_obj_method, 1);
 
@@ -10076,8 +9768,6 @@ Init_Proc()
     rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "arity", method_arity, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "inspect", method_inspect, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "to_s", method_inspect, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "name", method_name, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "owner", method_owner, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cUnboundMethod, "bind", umethod_bind, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cModule, "instance_method", rb_mod_method, 1);
 }
@@ -10125,7 +9815,6 @@ Init_Binding()
     rb_undef_method(CLASS_OF(rb_cBinding), "new");
     rb_define_method(rb_cBinding, "clone", proc_clone, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cBinding, "dup", proc_dup, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBinding, "eval", bind_eval, -1);
     rb_define_global_function("binding", rb_f_binding, 0);
 }
 
@@ -10522,8 +10211,8 @@ rb_gc_abort_threads()
     } END_FOREACH_FROM(main_thread, th);
 }
 
-static inline void
-stack_free(th)
+static void
+thread_free(th)
     rb_thread_t th;
 {
     if (th->stk_ptr) free(th->stk_ptr);
@@ -10532,13 +10221,6 @@ stack_free(th)
     if (th->bstr_ptr) free(th->bstr_ptr);
     th->bstr_ptr = 0;
 #endif
-}
-
-static void
-thread_free(th)
-    rb_thread_t th;
-{
-    stack_free(th);
     if (th->locals) st_free_table(th->locals);
     if (th->status != THREAD_KILLED) {
 	if (th->prev) th->prev->next = th->next;
@@ -10640,8 +10322,9 @@ rb_thread_save_context(th)
     th->safe = ruby_safe_level;
 
     th->node = ruby_current_node;
-    if (ruby_sandbox_save != NULL) {
-	ruby_sandbox_save(th);
+    if (ruby_sandbox_save != NULL)
+    {
+      ruby_sandbox_save(th);
     }
 }
 
@@ -10686,22 +10369,23 @@ rb_thread_switch(n)
 }
 
 #define THREAD_SAVE_CONTEXT(th) \
-    (rb_thread_switch(ruby_setjmp(rb_thread_save_context(th), (th)->context)))
+    (rb_thread_switch((FLUSH_REGISTER_WINDOWS, ruby_setjmp(rb_thread_save_context(th), (th)->context))))
 
 NORETURN(static void rb_thread_restore_context _((rb_thread_t,int)));
-NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void rb_thread_restore_context_0(rb_thread_t,int)));
-NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void stack_extend(rb_thread_t, int)));
+NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void rb_thread_restore_context_0(rb_thread_t,int,void*)));
+NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void stack_extend(rb_thread_t, int, VALUE *)));
 
 static void
-rb_thread_restore_context_0(rb_thread_t th, int exit)
+rb_thread_restore_context_0(rb_thread_t th, int exit, void *vp)
 {
     static rb_thread_t tmp;
     static int ex;
     static VALUE tval;
 
     rb_trap_immediate = 0;	/* inhibit interrupts from here */
-    if (ruby_sandbox_restore != NULL) {
-	ruby_sandbox_restore(th);
+    if (ruby_sandbox_restore != NULL)
+    {
+      ruby_sandbox_restore(th);
     }
     ruby_frame = th->frame;
     ruby_scope = th->scope;
@@ -10749,9 +10433,9 @@ static volatile int C(f), C(g), C(h), C(i), C(j);
 static volatile int C(k), C(l), C(m), C(n), C(o);
 static volatile int C(p), C(q), C(r), C(s), C(t);
 int rb_dummy_false = 0;
-NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void register_stack_extend(rb_thread_t, int, VALUE *)));
+NORETURN(NOINLINE(static void register_stack_extend(rb_thread_t, int, void *, VALUE *)));
 static void
-register_stack_extend(rb_thread_t th, int exit, VALUE *curr_bsp)
+register_stack_extend(rb_thread_t th, int exit, void *vp, VALUE *curr_bsp)
 {
     if (rb_dummy_false) {
         /* use registers as much as possible */
@@ -10765,63 +10449,52 @@ register_stack_extend(rb_thread_t th, int exit, VALUE *curr_bsp)
         E(p) = E(q) = E(r) = E(s) = E(t) = 0;
     }
     if (curr_bsp < th->bstr_pos+th->bstr_len) {
-        register_stack_extend(th, exit, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
+        register_stack_extend(th, exit, &exit, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
     }
-    stack_extend(th, exit);
+    rb_thread_restore_context_0(th, exit, &exit);
 }
 #undef C
 #undef E
 #endif
 
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
+__declspec(noinline) static void stack_extend(rb_thread_t, int, VALUE*);
+# endif
 static void
-stack_extend(rb_thread_t th, int exit)
+stack_extend(rb_thread_t th, int exit, VALUE *addr_in_prev_frame)
 {
 #define STACK_PAD_SIZE 1024
-    volatile VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE], *sp = space;
+    VALUE space[STACK_PAD_SIZE];
 
-#if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
-    if (space < rb_gc_stack_start) {
+#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
+    if (addr_in_prev_frame > th->stk_pos) stack_extend(th, exit, &space[0]);
+#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
+    if (addr_in_prev_frame < th->stk_pos + th->stk_len) stack_extend(th, exit, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
+#else
+    if (addr_in_prev_frame < rb_gc_stack_start) {
         /* Stack grows downward */
-#endif
-#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION <= 0
-	if (space > th->stk_pos) {
-# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-	    sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, &space[0] - th->stk_pos);
-# else
-	    stack_extend(th, exit);
-# endif
-	}
-#endif
-#if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
+        if (addr_in_prev_frame > th->stk_pos) stack_extend(th, exit, &space[0]);
     }
     else {
         /* Stack grows upward */
-#endif
-#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION >= 0
-	if (&space[STACK_PAD_SIZE] < th->stk_pos + th->stk_len) {
-# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
-	    sp = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, th->stk_pos + th->stk_len - &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE]);
-# else
-	    stack_extend(th, exit);
-# endif
-	}
-#endif
-#if !STACK_GROW_DIRECTION
+        if (addr_in_prev_frame < th->stk_pos + th->stk_len) stack_extend(th, exit, &space[STACK_PAD_SIZE-1]);
     }
 #endif
-    rb_thread_restore_context_0(th, exit);
-}
 #ifdef __ia64
-#define stack_extend(th, exit) register_stack_extend(th, exit, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp())
+    register_stack_extend(th, exit, space, (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp());
+#else
+    rb_thread_restore_context_0(th, exit, space);
 #endif
+}
 
 static void
 rb_thread_restore_context(th, exit)
     rb_thread_t th;
     int exit;
 {
+    VALUE v;
     if (!th->stk_ptr) rb_bug("unsaved context");
-    stack_extend(th, exit);
+    stack_extend(th, exit, &v);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -10840,7 +10513,8 @@ rb_thread_die(th)
 {
     th->thgroup = 0;
     th->status = THREAD_KILLED;
-    stack_free(th);
+    if (th->stk_ptr) free(th->stk_ptr);
+    th->stk_ptr = 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -10983,7 +10657,6 @@ rb_thread_schedule()
     rb_thread_t next;		/* OK */
     rb_thread_t th;
     rb_thread_t curr;
-    rb_thread_t th_found = 0;
     int found = 0;
 
     fd_set readfds;
@@ -11095,60 +10768,20 @@ rb_thread_schedule()
 #ifdef ERESTART
 	    if (e == ERESTART) goto again;
 #endif
-            if (e == EBADF) {
-                int badfd = -1;
-                int fd;
-                int dummy;
-                for (fd = 0; fd <= max; fd++) {
-                    if ((FD_ISSET(fd, &readfds) ||
-                         FD_ISSET(fd, &writefds) ||
-                         FD_ISSET(fd, &exceptfds)) &&
-                        fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, &dummy) == -1 &&
-                        errno == EBADF) {
-                        badfd = fd;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (badfd != -1) {
-                    FOREACH_THREAD_FROM(curr, th) {
-                        if (th->wait_for & WAIT_FD) {
-                            if (th->fd == badfd) {
-                                found = 1;
-                                th->status = THREAD_RUNNABLE;
-                                th->fd = 0;
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if (th->wait_for & WAIT_SELECT) {
-                            if (FD_ISSET(badfd, &th->readfds) ||
-                                FD_ISSET(badfd, &th->writefds) ||
-                                FD_ISSET(badfd, &th->exceptfds)) {
-                                found = 1;
-                                th->status = THREAD_RUNNABLE;
-                                th->select_value = -EBADF;
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    END_FOREACH_FROM(curr, th);
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                FOREACH_THREAD_FROM(curr, th) {
-                    if (th->wait_for & WAIT_SELECT) {
-                        int v = 0;
-
-                        v |= find_bad_fds(&readfds, &th->readfds, th->fd);
-                        v |= find_bad_fds(&writefds, &th->writefds, th->fd);
-                        v |= find_bad_fds(&exceptfds, &th->exceptfds, th->fd);
-                        if (v) {
-                            th->select_value = n;
-                            n = max;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                END_FOREACH_FROM(curr, th);
-            }
+	    FOREACH_THREAD_FROM(curr, th) {
+		if (th->wait_for & WAIT_SELECT) {
+		    int v = 0;
+
+		    v |= find_bad_fds(&readfds, &th->readfds, th->fd);
+		    v |= find_bad_fds(&writefds, &th->writefds, th->fd);
+		    v |= find_bad_fds(&exceptfds, &th->exceptfds, th->fd);
+		    if (v) {
+			th->select_value = n;
+			n = max;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    END_FOREACH_FROM(curr, th);
 	}
  	if (select_timeout && n == 0) {
  	    if (now < 0.0) now = timeofday();
@@ -11169,22 +10802,28 @@ rb_thread_schedule()
 	if (n > 0) {
 	    now = -1.0;
 	    /* Some descriptors are ready.
-             * Choose a thread which may run next.
-             * Don't change the status of threads which don't run next.
-             */
+	       Make the corresponding threads runnable. */
 	    FOREACH_THREAD_FROM(curr, th) {
 		if ((th->wait_for&WAIT_FD) && FD_ISSET(th->fd, &readfds)) {
-                    th_found = th;
+		    /* Wake up only one thread per fd. */
+		    FD_CLR(th->fd, &readfds);
+		    th->status = THREAD_RUNNABLE;
+		    th->fd = 0;
+		    th->wait_for = 0;
 		    found = 1;
-                    break;
 		}
 		if ((th->wait_for&WAIT_SELECT) &&
 		    (match_fds(&readfds, &th->readfds, max) ||
 		     match_fds(&writefds, &th->writefds, max) ||
 		     match_fds(&exceptfds, &th->exceptfds, max))) {
-                    th_found = th;
-                    found = 1;
-                    break;
+		    /* Wake up only one thread per fd. */
+		    th->status = THREAD_RUNNABLE;
+		    th->wait_for = 0;
+		    n = intersect_fds(&readfds, &th->readfds, max) +
+			intersect_fds(&writefds, &th->writefds, max) +
+			intersect_fds(&exceptfds, &th->exceptfds, max);
+		    th->select_value = n;
+		    found = 1;
 		}
 	    }
 	    END_FOREACH_FROM(curr, th);
@@ -11200,23 +10839,9 @@ rb_thread_schedule()
 	    next = th;
 	    break;
 	}
-	if ((th->status == THREAD_RUNNABLE || th == th_found) && th->stk_ptr) {
-	    if (!next || next->priority < th->priority) {
-                if (th == th_found) {
-                    th_found->status = THREAD_RUNNABLE;
-                    th_found->wait_for = 0;
-                    if (th->wait_for&WAIT_FD) {
-                        th_found->fd = 0;
-                    }
-                    else { /* th->wait_for&WAIT_SELECT */
-                        n = intersect_fds(&readfds, &th_found->readfds, max) +
-                            intersect_fds(&writefds, &th_found->writefds, max) +
-                            intersect_fds(&exceptfds, &th_found->exceptfds, max);
-                        th_found->select_value = n;
-                    }
-                }
-	        next = th;
-            }
+	if (th->status == THREAD_RUNNABLE && th->stk_ptr) {
+	    if (!next || next->priority < th->priority)
+	       next = th;
 	}
     }
     END_FOREACH_FROM(curr, th);
@@ -11459,18 +11084,13 @@ rb_thread_select(max, read, write, except, timeout)
     if (read) *read = curr_thread->readfds;
     if (write) *write = curr_thread->writefds;
     if (except) *except = curr_thread->exceptfds;
-    if (curr_thread->select_value < 0) {
-        errno = -curr_thread->select_value;
-        return -1;
-    }
     return curr_thread->select_value;
 }
 
-static int rb_thread_join0 _((rb_thread_t, double));
-int rb_thread_join _((VALUE, double));
+static int rb_thread_join _((rb_thread_t, double));
 
 static int
-rb_thread_join0(th, limit)
+rb_thread_join(th, limit)
     rb_thread_t th;
     double limit;
 {
@@ -11512,15 +11132,6 @@ rb_thread_join0(th, limit)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-int
-rb_thread_join(thread, limit)
-    VALUE thread;
-    double limit;
-{
-    if (limit < 0) limit = DELAY_INFTY;
-    return rb_thread_join0(rb_thread_check(thread), limit);
-}
-
 
 /*
  *  call-seq:
@@ -11570,10 +11181,11 @@ rb_thread_join_m(argc, argv, thread)
 {
     VALUE limit;
     double delay = DELAY_INFTY;
+    rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(thread);
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &limit);
     if (!NIL_P(limit)) delay = rb_num2dbl(limit);
-    if (!rb_thread_join0(rb_thread_check(thread), delay))
+    if (!rb_thread_join(th, delay))
 	return Qnil;
     return thread;
 }
@@ -12112,6 +11724,15 @@ rb_thread_abort_exc_set(thread, val)
 }
 
 
+enum rb_thread_status
+rb_thread_status(thread)
+    VALUE thread;
+{
+    rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(thread);
+    return th->status;
+}
+
+
 /*
  *  call-seq:
  *     thr.group   => thgrp or nil
@@ -12182,9 +11803,9 @@ rb_thread_group(thread)
     th->locals = 0;\
     th->thread = 0;\
     if (curr_thread == 0) {\
-	th->sandbox = Qnil;\
+      th->sandbox = Qnil;\
     } else {\
-	th->sandbox = curr_thread->sandbox;\
+      th->sandbox = curr_thread->sandbox;\
     }\
 } while (0)
 
@@ -12218,12 +11839,19 @@ catch_timer(sig)
     /* cause EINTR */
 }
 
+static int time_thread_alive_p = 0;
 static pthread_t time_thread;
 
 static void*
 thread_timer(dummy)
     void *dummy;
 {
+#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
+#define test_cancel() pthread_testcancel()
+#else
+#define test_cancel() /* void */
+#endif
+
     sigset_t all_signals;
 
     sigfillset(&all_signals);
@@ -12233,11 +11861,14 @@ thread_timer(dummy)
 #ifdef HAVE_NANOSLEEP
 	struct timespec req, rem;
 
+	test_cancel();
 	req.tv_sec = 0;
 	req.tv_nsec = 10000000;
 	nanosleep(&req, &rem);
 #else
 	struct timeval tv;
+
+	test_cancel();
 	tv.tv_sec = 0;
 	tv.tv_usec = 10000;
 	select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
@@ -12249,6 +11880,7 @@ thread_timer(dummy)
 	    }
 	}
     }
+#undef test_cancel
 }
 
 void
@@ -12260,6 +11892,26 @@ void
 rb_thread_stop_timer()
 {
 }
+
+void
+rb_child_atfork()
+{
+    time_thread_alive_p = 0;
+}
+
+void
+rb_thread_cancel_timer()
+{
+#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
+    if( time_thread_alive_p )
+    {
+	pthread_cancel( time_thread );
+	pthread_join( time_thread, NULL );
+	time_thread_alive_p = 0;
+    }
+    thread_init = 0;
+#endif
+}
 #elif defined(HAVE_SETITIMER)
 static void
 catch_timer(sig)
@@ -12297,8 +11949,19 @@ rb_thread_stop_timer()
     tval.it_value = tval.it_interval;
     setitimer(ITIMER_VIRTUAL, &tval, NULL);
 }
+
+void
+rb_thread_cancel_timer()
+{
+}
+
 #else  /* !(_THREAD_SAFE || HAVE_SETITIMER) */
 int rb_thread_tick = THREAD_TICK;
+
+void
+rb_thread_cancel_timer()
+{
+}
 #endif
 
 static VALUE
@@ -12329,6 +11992,8 @@ rb_thread_start_0(fn, arg, th)
 
 #ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
 	pthread_create(&time_thread, 0, thread_timer, 0);
+        time_thread_alive_p = 1;
+        pthread_atfork(0, 0, rb_child_atfork);
 #else
 	rb_thread_start_timer();
 #endif
@@ -12563,7 +12228,7 @@ rb_thread_value(thread)
 {
     rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(thread);
 
-    while (!rb_thread_join0(th, DELAY_INFTY));
+    while (!rb_thread_join(th, DELAY_INFTY));
 
     return th->result;
 }
@@ -12593,7 +12258,7 @@ rb_thread_value(thread)
  */
 
 static VALUE
-rb_thread_status(thread)
+rb_thread_status_name(thread)
     VALUE thread;
 {
     rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(thread);
@@ -13053,7 +12718,7 @@ static VALUE
 rb_thread_inspect(thread)
     VALUE thread;
 {
-    const char *cname = rb_obj_classname(thread);
+    char *cname = rb_obj_classname(thread);
     rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(thread);
     const char *status = thread_status_name(th->status);
     VALUE str;
@@ -13085,38 +12750,6 @@ rb_thread_atfork()
 }
 
 
-static void
-cc_purge(cc)
-    rb_thread_t cc;
-{
-    /* free continuation's stack if it has just died */
-    if (NIL_P(cc->thread)) return;
-    if (rb_thread_check(cc->thread)->status == THREAD_KILLED) {
-	cc->thread = Qnil;
-	rb_thread_die(cc);  /* can't possibly activate this stack */
-    }
-}
-
-static void
-cc_mark(cc)
-    rb_thread_t cc;
-{
-    /* mark this continuation's stack only if its parent thread is still alive */
-    cc_purge(cc);
-    thread_mark(cc);
-}
-
-static rb_thread_t
-rb_cont_check(data)
-    VALUE data;
-{
-    if (TYPE(data) != T_DATA || RDATA(data)->dmark != (RUBY_DATA_FUNC)cc_mark) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Continuation)",
-		 rb_obj_classname(data));
-    }
-    return (rb_thread_t)RDATA(data)->data;
-}
-
 /*
  *  Document-class: Continuation
  *
@@ -13191,16 +12824,14 @@ rb_callcc(self)
     struct RVarmap *vars;
 
     THREAD_ALLOC(th);
-    /* must finish th initialization before any possible gc.
-     * brent@mbari.org */
-    th->thread = curr_thread->thread;
-    th->thgroup = cont_protect;
-    cont = Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cCont, cc_mark, thread_free, th);
+    cont = Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cCont, thread_mark, thread_free, th);
 
     scope_dup(ruby_scope);
     for (tag=prot_tag; tag; tag=tag->prev) {
 	scope_dup(tag->scope);
     }
+    th->thread = curr_thread->thread;
+    th->thgroup = cont_protect;
 
     for (vars = ruby_dyna_vars; vars; vars = vars->next) {
 	if (FL_TEST(vars, DVAR_DONT_RECYCLE)) break;
@@ -13237,7 +12868,7 @@ rb_cont_call(argc, argv, cont)
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE cont;
 {
-    rb_thread_t th = rb_cont_check(cont);
+    rb_thread_t th = rb_thread_check(cont);
 
     if (th->thread != curr_thread->thread) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "continuation called across threads");
@@ -13413,6 +13044,10 @@ thgroup_add(group, thread)
 
     rb_secure(4);
     th = rb_thread_check(thread);
+    if (!th->next || !th->prev) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Thread)",
+		 rb_obj_classname(thread));
+    }
 
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(group)) {
       rb_raise(rb_eThreadError, "can't move to the frozen thread group");
@@ -13438,109 +13073,6 @@ thgroup_add(group, thread)
 }
 
 
-/* variables for recursive traversals */
-static ID recursive_key;
-
-static VALUE
-recursive_check(hash, obj)
-    VALUE hash;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    if (NIL_P(hash) || TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) {
-	return Qfalse;
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE list = rb_hash_aref(hash, ID2SYM(rb_frame_last_func()));
-
-	if (NIL_P(list) || TYPE(list) != T_HASH)
-	    return Qfalse;
-	if (NIL_P(rb_hash_lookup(list, obj)))
-	    return Qfalse;
-	return Qtrue;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-recursive_push(hash, obj)
-    VALUE hash;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE list, sym;
-
-    sym = ID2SYM(rb_frame_last_func());
-    if (NIL_P(hash) || TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) {
-	hash = rb_hash_new();
-	rb_thread_local_aset(rb_thread_current(), recursive_key, hash);
-	list = Qnil;
-    }
-    else {
-	list = rb_hash_aref(hash, sym);
-    }
-    if (NIL_P(list) || TYPE(list) != T_HASH) {
-	list = rb_hash_new();
-	rb_hash_aset(hash, sym, list);
-    }
-    rb_hash_aset(list, obj, Qtrue);
-    return hash;
-}
-
-static void
-recursive_pop(hash, obj)
-    VALUE hash;
-    VALUE obj;
-{
-    VALUE list, sym;
-
-    sym = ID2SYM(rb_frame_last_func());
-    if (NIL_P(hash) || TYPE(hash) != T_HASH) {
-	VALUE symname;
-	VALUE thrname;
-	symname = rb_inspect(sym);
-	thrname = rb_inspect(rb_thread_current());
-
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid inspect_tbl hash for %s in %s",
-		 StringValuePtr(symname), StringValuePtr(thrname));
-    }
-    list = rb_hash_aref(hash, sym);
-    if (NIL_P(list) || TYPE(list) != T_HASH) {
-	VALUE symname = rb_inspect(sym);
-	VALUE thrname = rb_inspect(rb_thread_current());
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "invalid inspect_tbl list for %s in %s",
-		 StringValuePtr(symname), StringValuePtr(thrname));
-    }
-    rb_hash_delete(list, obj);
-}
-
-VALUE
-rb_exec_recursive(func, obj, arg)
-    VALUE (*func) _((VALUE, VALUE, int));
-    VALUE obj;
-    VALUE arg;
-{
-    VALUE hash = rb_thread_local_aref(rb_thread_current(), recursive_key);
-    VALUE objid = rb_obj_id(obj);
-
-    if (recursive_check(hash, objid)) {
-	return (*func) (obj, arg, Qtrue);
-    }
-    else {
-	VALUE result = Qundef;
-	int state;
-
-	hash = recursive_push(hash, objid);
-	PUSH_TAG(PROT_NONE);
-	if ((state = EXEC_TAG()) == 0) {
-	    result = (*func) (obj, arg, Qfalse);
-	}
-	POP_TAG();
-	recursive_pop(hash, objid);
-	if (state)
-	    JUMP_TAG(state);
-	return result;
-    }
-}
-
-
 /*
  *  +Thread+ encapsulates the behavior of a thread of
  *  execution, including the main thread of the Ruby script.
@@ -13555,7 +13087,6 @@ Init_Thread()
 {
     VALUE cThGroup;
 
-    recursive_key = rb_intern("__recursive_key__");
     rb_eThreadError = rb_define_class("ThreadError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_cThread = rb_define_class("Thread", rb_cObject);
     rb_undef_alloc_func(rb_cThread);
@@ -13588,7 +13119,7 @@ Init_Thread()
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "terminate!", rb_thread_kill_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "exit!", rb_thread_kill_bang, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "value", rb_thread_value, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "status", rb_thread_status, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "status", rb_thread_status_name, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "join", rb_thread_join_m, -1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "alive?", rb_thread_alive_p, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_cThread, "stop?", rb_thread_stop_p, 0);
diff --git a/ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c b/ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c
index 7400b313a4..636c0907d6 100644
--- a/ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c
+++ b/ext/bigdecimal/bigdecimal.c
@@ -4345,11 +4345,6 @@ VpMidRound(Real *y, int f, int nf)
     nf += y->exponent*((int)BASE_FIG);
     exptoadd=0;
     if (nf < 0) {
-	/* rounding position too left(large). */
-	if((f!=VP_ROUND_CEIL) && (f!=VP_ROUND_FLOOR)) {
-	    VpSetZero(y,VpGetSign(y)); /* truncate everything */
-	    return 0;
-	}
         exptoadd = -nf;
         nf = 0;
     }
diff --git a/ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb b/ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb
index 0c8b98e4a3..864aaad862 100644
--- a/ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/bigdecimal/extconf.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 require 'mkmf'
 
 base_fig = 0
-src = "(BASE * (BASE+1)) / BASE == (BASE+1)"
+src = ("(BASE > 0) && "
+       "(BASE * (BASE+1)) > BASE && "
+       "(BASE * (BASE+1)) / BASE == (BASE+1)")
 while try_static_assert(src, nil, "-DBASE=10#{'0'*base_fig}UL")
   base_fig += 1
 end
diff --git a/ext/dbm/dbm.c b/ext/dbm/dbm.c
index 0247387fdc..69b7a6e7a7 100644
--- a/ext/dbm/dbm.c
+++ b/ext/dbm/dbm.c
@@ -812,7 +812,5 @@ Init_dbm()
 
 #ifdef DB_VERSION_STRING
     rb_define_const(rb_cDBM, "VERSION",  rb_str_new2(DB_VERSION_STRING));
-#else
-    rb_define_const(rb_cDBM, "VERSION",  rb_str_new2("unknown"));
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/ext/dl/dl.c b/ext/dl/dl.c
index f65247be86..88e954c668 100644
--- a/ext/dl/dl.c
+++ b/ext/dl/dl.c
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ rb_ary_to_ptr(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
 VALUE
 rb_io_to_ptr(VALUE self)
 {
-  rb_io_t *fptr;
+  OpenFile *fptr;
   FILE     *fp;
 
   GetOpenFile(self, fptr);
diff --git a/ext/dl/ptr.c b/ext/dl/ptr.c
index 01eb31da20..7e3d3549d3 100644
--- a/ext/dl/ptr.c
+++ b/ext/dl/ptr.c
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ rb_dlptr_to_array(int argc, VALUE argv[], VALUE self)
       n = data->size / sizeof(void*);
       break;
     case 'S': case 's':
-      n = data->size / sizeof(char*);
+      for (n=0; ((void**)(data->ptr))[n]; n++) {};
       break;
     default:
 	n = 0;
diff --git a/ext/enumerator/.cvsignore b/ext/enumerator/.cvsignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc802ff1c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/enumerator/.cvsignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Makefile
+mkmf.log
diff --git a/ext/enumerator/enumerator.c b/ext/enumerator/enumerator.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c6e1d1ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/enumerator/enumerator.c
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/************************************************
+
+  enumerator.c - provides Enumerator class
+
+  $Author$
+
+  Copyright (C) 2001-2003 Akinori MUSHA
+
+  $Idaemons: /home/cvs/rb/enumerator/enumerator.c,v 1.1.1.1 2001/07/15 10:12:48 knu Exp $
+  $RoughId: enumerator.c,v 1.6 2003/07/27 11:03:24 nobu Exp $
+  $Id$
+
+************************************************/
+
+#include "ruby.h"
+#include "node.h"
+
+/*
+ * Document-class: Enumerable::Enumerator
+ *
+ * A class which provides a method `each' to be used as an Enumerable
+ * object.
+ */
+static VALUE rb_cEnumerator;
+static ID sym_each, sym_each_with_index, sym_each_slice, sym_each_cons;
+static ID id_new, id_enum_obj, id_enum_method, id_enum_args;
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    obj.to_enum(method = :each, *args)
+ *    obj.enum_for(method = :each, *args)
+ *
+ *  Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, method, *args).
+ *
+ *  e.g.:
+ *     str = "xyz"
+ *
+ *     enum = str.enum_for(:each_byte)
+ *     a = enum.map {|b| '%02x' % b } #=> ["78", "79", "7a"]
+ *
+ *     # protects an array from being modified
+ *     a = [1, 2, 3]
+ *     some_method(a.to_enum)
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+obj_to_enum(obj, enum_args)
+    VALUE obj, enum_args;
+{
+    rb_ary_unshift(enum_args, obj);
+
+    return rb_apply(rb_cEnumerator, id_new, enum_args);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    enum_with_index
+ *
+ *  Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_with_index).
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enumerator_enum_with_index(obj)
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    return rb_funcall(rb_cEnumerator, id_new, 2, obj, sym_each_with_index);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+each_slice_i(val, memo)
+    VALUE val;
+    NODE *memo;
+{
+    VALUE ary = memo->u1.value;
+    long size = memo->u3.cnt;
+
+    rb_ary_push(ary, val);
+
+    if (RARRAY(ary)->len == size) {
+	rb_yield(ary);
+	memo->u1.value = rb_ary_new2(size);
+    }
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    e.each_slice(n) {...}
+ *
+ *  Iterates the given block for each slice of <n> elements.
+ *
+ *  e.g.:
+ *      (1..10).each_slice(3) {|a| p a}
+ *      # outputs below
+ *      [1, 2, 3]
+ *      [4, 5, 6]
+ *      [7, 8, 9]
+ *      [10]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enum_each_slice(obj, n)
+    VALUE obj, n;
+{
+    long size = NUM2LONG(n);
+    NODE *memo;
+    VALUE ary;
+
+    if (size <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid slice size");
+
+    memo = rb_node_newnode(NODE_MEMO, rb_ary_new2(size), 0, size);
+
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, each_slice_i, (VALUE)memo);
+
+    ary = memo->u1.value;
+    if (RARRAY(ary)->len > 0) rb_yield(ary);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    e.enum_slice(n)
+ *
+ *  Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_slice, n).
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enumerator_enum_slice(obj, n)
+    VALUE obj, n;
+{
+    return rb_funcall(rb_cEnumerator, id_new, 3, obj, sym_each_slice, n);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+each_cons_i(val, memo)
+    VALUE val;
+    NODE *memo;
+{
+    VALUE ary = memo->u1.value;
+    long size = memo->u3.cnt;
+
+    if (RARRAY(ary)->len == size) {
+	rb_ary_shift(ary);
+    }
+    rb_ary_push(ary, val);
+    if (RARRAY(ary)->len == size) {
+	rb_yield(rb_ary_dup(ary));
+    }
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    each_cons(n) {...}
+ *
+ *  Iterates the given block for each array of consecutive <n>
+ *  elements.
+ *
+ *  e.g.:
+ *      (1..10).each_cons(3) {|a| p a}
+ *      # outputs below
+ *      [1, 2, 3]
+ *      [2, 3, 4]
+ *      [3, 4, 5]
+ *      [4, 5, 6]
+ *      [5, 6, 7]
+ *      [6, 7, 8]
+ *      [7, 8, 9]
+ *      [8, 9, 10]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enum_each_cons(obj, n)
+    VALUE obj, n;
+{
+    long size = NUM2LONG(n);
+    NODE *memo;
+
+    if (size <= 0) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid size");
+    memo = rb_node_newnode(NODE_MEMO, rb_ary_new2(size), 0, size);
+
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, obj, each_cons_i, (VALUE)memo);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    e.enum_cons(n)
+ *
+ *  Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_cons, n).
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enumerator_enum_cons(obj, n)
+    VALUE obj, n;
+{
+    return rb_funcall(rb_cEnumerator, id_new, 3, obj, sym_each_cons, n);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    Enumerable::Enumerator.new(obj, method = :each, *args)
+ *
+ *  Creates a new Enumerable::Enumerator object, which is to be
+ *  used as an Enumerable object using the given object's given
+ *  method with the given arguments.
+ *
+ *  e.g.:
+ *      str = "xyz"
+ *
+ *      enum = Enumerable::Enumerator.new(str, :each_byte)
+ *      a = enum.map {|b| '%02x' % b } #=> ["78", "79", "7a"]
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enumerator_initialize(argc, argv, obj)
+    int argc;
+    VALUE *argv;
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    VALUE enum_obj, enum_method, enum_args;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11*", &enum_obj, &enum_method, &enum_args);
+
+    if (enum_method == Qnil)
+	enum_method = sym_each;
+
+    rb_ivar_set(obj, id_enum_obj, enum_obj);
+    rb_ivar_set(obj, id_enum_method, enum_method);
+    rb_ivar_set(obj, id_enum_args, enum_args);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+enumerator_iter(memo)
+    NODE *memo;
+{
+    return rb_apply(memo->u1.value, memo->u2.id, memo->u3.value);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *    enum.each {...}
+ *
+ *  Iterates the given block using the object and the method specified
+ *  in the first place.
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+enumerator_each(obj)
+    VALUE obj;
+{
+    VALUE val;
+
+    obj = (VALUE)rb_node_newnode(NODE_MEMO,
+				 rb_ivar_get(obj, id_enum_obj),
+				 rb_to_id(rb_ivar_get(obj, id_enum_method)),
+				 rb_ivar_get(obj, id_enum_args));
+    val = rb_iterate((VALUE (*)_((VALUE)))enumerator_iter, obj, rb_yield, 0);
+    return val;
+}
+
+void
+Init_enumerator()
+{
+    VALUE rb_mEnumerable;
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "to_enum", obj_to_enum, -2);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "enum_for", obj_to_enum, -2);
+
+    rb_mEnumerable = rb_path2class("Enumerable");
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_with_index", enumerator_enum_with_index, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "each_slice", enum_each_slice, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_slice", enumerator_enum_slice, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "each_cons", enum_each_cons, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_mEnumerable, "enum_cons", enumerator_enum_cons, 1);
+
+    rb_cEnumerator = rb_define_class_under(rb_mEnumerable, "Enumerator", rb_cObject);
+    rb_include_module(rb_cEnumerator, rb_mEnumerable);
+
+    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "initialize", enumerator_initialize, -1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cEnumerator, "each", enumerator_each, 0);
+
+    sym_each		= ID2SYM(rb_intern("each"));
+    sym_each_with_index	= ID2SYM(rb_intern("each_with_index"));
+    sym_each_slice	= ID2SYM(rb_intern("each_slice"));
+    sym_each_cons	= ID2SYM(rb_intern("each_cons"));
+
+    id_new		= rb_intern("new");
+    id_enum_obj		= rb_intern("enum_obj");
+    id_enum_method	= rb_intern("enum_method");
+    id_enum_args	= rb_intern("enum_args");
+}
diff --git a/ext/enumerator/enumerator.txt b/ext/enumerator/enumerator.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64c7d50226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/enumerator/enumerator.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+.\" enumerator.txt -  -*- Indented-Text -*-
+$Idaemons: /home/cvs/rb/enumerator/enumerator.txt,v 1.2 2001/07/15 10:19:24 knu Exp $
+$RoughId: enumerator.txt,v 1.5 2003/02/20 12:24:51 knu Exp $
+$Id$
+
+** Enumerable::Enumerator(Class)
+
+A class which provides a method `each' to be used as an Enumerable
+object.
+
+Superclass: Object
+
+Mix-ins: Enumerable
+
+require 'enumerator'
+
+Class Methods:
+
+    new(obj, method = :each, *args)
+
+	Creates a new Enumerable::Enumerator object, which is to be
+	used as an Enumerable object using the given object's given
+	method with the given arguments.
+
+	e.g.:
+	    str = "xyz"
+
+	    enum = Enumerable::Enumerator.new(str, :each_byte)
+	    a = enum.map {|b| '%02x' % b } #=> ["78", "79", "7a"]
+
+Methods:
+
+    each {...}
+
+	Iterates the given block using the object and the method
+	specified in the first place.
+
+
+Requiring this module also adds some methods to the Object class:
+
+    to_enum(method = :each, *args)
+    enum_for(method = :each, *args)
+
+	Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, method, *args).
+
+	e.g.:
+	    str = "xyz"
+
+	    enum = str.enum_for(:each_byte)
+	    a = enum.map {|b| '%02x' % b } #=> ["78", "79", "7a"]
+
+	    # protects an array from being modified
+	    a = [1, 2, 3]
+	    some_method(a.to_enum)
+
+And the Enumerable module.
+
+    each_slice(n) {...}
+
+	Iterates the given block for each slice of <n> elements.
+
+	e.g.:
+	    (1..10).each_slice(3) {|a| p a}
+	    # outputs below
+	    [1, 2, 3]
+	    [4, 5, 6]
+	    [7, 8, 9]
+	    [10]
+
+    enum_slice(n)
+
+	Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_slice, n).
+
+    each_cons(n) {...}
+
+	Iterates the given block for each array of consecutive <n>
+	elements.
+
+	e.g.:
+	    (1..10).each_cons(3) {|a| p a}
+	    # outputs below
+	    [1, 2, 3]
+	    [2, 3, 4]
+	    [3, 4, 5]
+	    [4, 5, 6]
+	    [5, 6, 7]
+	    [6, 7, 8]
+	    [7, 8, 9]
+	    [8, 9, 10]
+
+    enum_cons(n)
+
+	Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_cons, n).
+
+    enum_with_index
+
+	Returns Enumerable::Enumerator.new(self, :each_with_index).
+
+-------------------------------------------------------
+Local variables:
+fill-column: 70
+end:
diff --git a/ext/enumerator/extconf.rb b/ext/enumerator/extconf.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94e2ee38b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/enumerator/extconf.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+create_makefile('enumerator')
diff --git a/ext/etc/etc.c b/ext/etc/etc.c
index ecb9e16411..486963378b 100644
--- a/ext/etc/etc.c
+++ b/ext/etc/etc.c
@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@ char *getenv();
 char *getlogin();
 
 /* Returns the short user name of the currently logged in user.
- * Unfortunately, it is often rather easy to fool getlogin().
- * Avoid getlogin() for security-related purposes.
  *
  * e.g.
  *   Etc.getlogin -> 'guest'
diff --git a/ext/extmk.rb b/ext/extmk.rb
index 2527645ad8..cf7944679c 100644
--- a/ext/extmk.rb
+++ b/ext/extmk.rb
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def extract_makefile(makefile, keep = true)
   $static ||= m[/^EXTSTATIC[ \t]*=[ \t]*(\S+)/, 1] || false
   /^STATIC_LIB[ \t]*=[ \t]*\S+/ =~ m or $static = nil
   $preload = Shellwords.shellwords(m[/^preload[ \t]*=[ \t]*(.*)/, 1] || "")
-  $DLDFLAGS += " " + (m[/^dldflags[ \t]*=[ \t]*(.*)/, 1] || "")
+  $DLDFLAGS += " " + (m[/^DLDFLAGS[ \t]*=[ \t]*(.*)/, 1] || "")
   if s = m[/^LIBS[ \t]*=[ \t]*(.*)/, 1]
     s.sub!(/^#{Regexp.quote($LIBRUBYARG)} */, "")
     s.sub!(/ *#{Regexp.quote($LIBS)}$/, "")
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ def extmake(target)
 	"topdir" => $topdir,
       }
       mkconfig = {
+	"top_srcdir" => ($hdrdir == top_srcdir) ? top_srcdir : "$(topdir)"+top_srcdir[2..-1],
 	"hdrdir" => "$(top_srcdir)",
 	"srcdir" => "$(top_srcdir)/ext/#{$mdir}",
 	"topdir" => $topdir,
@@ -154,17 +155,18 @@ def extmake(target)
       begin
 	$extconf_h = nil
 	ok &&= extract_makefile(makefile)
-	conf = ["#{$srcdir}/makefile.rb", "#{$srcdir}/extconf.rb"].find {|f| File.exist?(f)}
 	if (($extconf_h && !File.exist?($extconf_h)) ||
 	    !(t = modified?(makefile, MTIMES)) ||
-	    [conf, "#{$srcdir}/depend"].any? {|f| modified?(f, [t])})
+	    ["#{$srcdir}/makefile.rb", "#{$srcdir}/extconf.rb", "#{$srcdir}/depend"].any? {|f| modified?(f, [t])})
         then
 	  ok = false
           init_mkmf
 	  Logging::logfile 'mkmf.log'
 	  rm_f makefile
-	  if conf
-	    load $0 = conf
+	  if File.exist?($0 = "#{$srcdir}/makefile.rb")
+	    load $0
+	  elsif File.exist?($0 = "#{$srcdir}/extconf.rb")
+	    load $0
 	  else
 	    create_makefile(target)
 	  end
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ def parse_args()
   $mflags.unshift(*rest) unless rest.empty?
 
   def $mflags.set?(flag)
-    grep(/\A-(?!-).*#{flag.chr}/i) { return true }
+    grep(/\A-(?!-).*#{'%c' % flag}/i) { return true }
     false
   end
   def $mflags.defined?(var)
@@ -324,9 +326,9 @@ parse_args()
 
 if target = ARGV.shift and /^[a-z-]+$/ =~ target
   $mflags.push(target)
+  target = target.sub(/^(dist|real)(?=(?:clean)?$)/, '')
   case target
-  when /^(dist|real)?(clean)$/
-    target = $2
+  when /clean/
     $ignore ||= true
     $clean = $1 ? $1[0] : true
   when /^install\b/
@@ -353,16 +355,12 @@ elsif sep = config_string('BUILD_FILE_SEPARATOR')
 else
   $ruby = '$(topdir)/miniruby' + EXEEXT
 end
-$ruby << " -I'$(topdir)'"
-unless CROSS_COMPILING
-  $ruby << " -I'$(top_srcdir)/lib'"
-  $ruby << " -I'$(extout)/$(arch)' -I'$(extout)/common'" if $extout
-  $ruby << " -I./- -I'$(top_srcdir)/ext' -rpurelib.rb"
-  ENV["RUBYLIB"] = "-"
-  ENV["RUBYOPT"] = "-rpurelib.rb"
-end
+$ruby << " -I'$(topdir)' -I'$(top_srcdir)/lib'"
+$ruby << " -I'$(extout)/$(arch)' -I'$(extout)/common'" if $extout
+$ruby << " -I'$(hdrdir)/ext' -rpurelib.rb"
 $config_h = '$(topdir)/config.h'
-$mflags << "ruby=#$ruby"
+ENV["RUBYLIB"] = "-"
+ENV["RUBYOPT"] = "-rpurelib.rb"
 
 MTIMES = [__FILE__, 'rbconfig.rb', srcdir+'/lib/mkmf.rb'].collect {|f| File.mtime(f)}
 
@@ -457,16 +455,7 @@ if $ignore
   Dir.chdir ".."
   if $clean
     Dir.rmdir('ext') rescue nil
-    if $extout
-      FileUtils.rm_rf([extout+"/common", extout+"/include/ruby", extout+"/rdoc"])
-      FileUtils.rm_rf(extout+"/"+CONFIG["arch"])
-      if $clean != true
-	FileUtils.rm_rf(extout+"/include/"+CONFIG["arch"])
-	FileUtils.rm_f($mflags.defined?("INSTALLED_LIST")||ENV["INSTALLED_LIST"]||".installed.list")
-	Dir.rmdir(extout+"/include") rescue nil
-	Dir.rmdir(extout) rescue nil
-      end
-    end
+    FileUtils.rm_rf(extout) if $extout
   end
   exit
 end
diff --git a/ext/gdbm/gdbm.c b/ext/gdbm/gdbm.c
index 2057101206..82109fda90 100644
--- a/ext/gdbm/gdbm.c
+++ b/ext/gdbm/gdbm.c
@@ -303,10 +303,14 @@ rb_gdbm_fetch(dbm, key)
     if (val.dptr == 0)
         return Qnil;
 
-    str = rb_str_new(val.dptr, val.dsize);
-    free(val.dptr);
+    str = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cString);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = val.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->aux.capa = val.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr = REALLOC_N(val.dptr,char,val.dsize+1);
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[val.dsize] = '\0';
+
     OBJ_TAINT(str);
-    return str;
+    return (VALUE)str;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -345,8 +349,12 @@ rb_gdbm_firstkey(dbm)
     if (key.dptr == 0)
         return Qnil;
 
-    str = rb_str_new(key.dptr, key.dsize);
-    free(key.dptr);
+    str = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cString);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = key.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->aux.capa = key.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr = REALLOC_N(key.dptr,char,key.dsize+1);
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[RSTRING(str)->len] = '\0';
+
     OBJ_TAINT(str);
     return str;
 }
@@ -365,8 +373,12 @@ rb_gdbm_nextkey(dbm, keystr)
     if (key2.dptr == 0)
         return Qnil;
 
-    str = rb_str_new(key2.dptr, key2.dsize);
-    free(key2.dptr);
+    str = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cString);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = key2.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->aux.capa = key2.dsize;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr = REALLOC_N(key2.dptr,char,key2.dsize+1);
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[RSTRING(str)->len] = '\0';
+
     OBJ_TAINT(str);
     return str;
 }
diff --git a/ext/iconv/iconv.c b/ext/iconv/iconv.c
index d989b97df2..4674aa330e 100644
--- a/ext/iconv/iconv.c
+++ b/ext/iconv/iconv.c
@@ -43,11 +43,7 @@
  * 
  * == Examples
  *
- * 1. Simple conversion between two charsets.
- *
- *      converted_text = Iconv.conv('iso-8859-15', 'utf-8', text)
- *
- * 2. Instantiate a new Iconv and use method Iconv#iconv.
+ * 1. Instantiate a new Iconv and use method Iconv#iconv.
  *
  *      cd = Iconv.new(to, from)
  *      begin
@@ -57,16 +53,20 @@
  *        cd.close
  *      end
  *
- * 3. Invoke Iconv.open with a block.
+ * 2. Invoke Iconv.open with a block.
  *
  *      Iconv.open(to, from) do |cd|
  *        input.each { |s| output << cd.iconv(s) }
  *        output << cd.iconv(nil)
  *      end
  *
- * 4. Shorthand for (3).
+ * 3. Shorthand for (2).
  *
  *      Iconv.iconv(to, from, *input.to_a)
+ *
+ * 4. Simple conversion between two charsets.
+ *
+ *      converted_text = Iconv.new('iso-8859-15', 'utf-8').iconv(text)
  */
 
 /* Invalid value for iconv_t is -1 but 0 for VALUE, I hope VALUE is
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ iconv_s_convert
 }
 
 /*
- * Document-method: Iconv::iconv
+ * Document-method: iconv
  * call-seq: Iconv.iconv(to, from, *strs)
  *
  * Shorthand for
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ iconv_finish
 }
 
 /*
- * Document-method: Iconv#iconv
+ * Document-method: iconv
  * call-seq: iconv(str, start=0, length=-1)
  *
  * Converts string and returns the result.
diff --git a/ext/io/wait/wait.c b/ext/io/wait/wait.c
index 02cb54a014..61d6527b36 100644
--- a/ext/io/wait/wait.c
+++ b/ext/io/wait/wait.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static VALUE
 io_ready_p(io)
     VALUE io;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     FILE *fp;
     ioctl_arg n;
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ io_wait(argc, argv, io)
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE io;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     fd_set rd;
     FILE *fp;
     int fd;
diff --git a/ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c b/ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c
index 9a31c9d879..3cd1b160da 100644
--- a/ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c
+++ b/ext/nkf/nkf-utf8/nkf.c
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@
 ***********************************************************************/
 /* $Id$ */
 #define NKF_VERSION "2.0.8"
-#define NKF_RELEASE_DATE "2008-11-08"
+#define NKF_RELEASE_DATE "2007-01-28"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "utf8tbl.h"
 
 #define COPY_RIGHT \
     "Copyright (C) 1987, FUJITSU LTD. (I.Ichikawa),2000 S. Kono, COW\n" \
-    "Copyright (C) 2002-2008 Kono, Furukawa, Naruse, mastodon"
+    "Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Kono, Furukawa, Naruse, mastodon"
 
 
 /*
@@ -3025,12 +3025,12 @@ h_conv(FILE *f, nkf_char c2, nkf_char c1)
             code_status(c1);
         }
         while (p->name){
-            if (p->status_func && p->score < result->score){
+            if (p->score < result->score){
                 result = p;
             }
             ++p;
         }
-        set_iconv(TRUE, result->iconv_func);
+        set_iconv(FALSE, result->iconv_func);
     }
 
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/extconf.rb b/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
index 02e06b7149..98921bc468 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/extconf.rb
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ unless have_header("openssl/conf_api.h")
   exit 1
 end
 
-%w"rb_str_set_len rb_block_call".each {|func| have_func(func, "ruby.h")}
-
 message "=== Checking for OpenSSL features... ===\n"
 have_func("ERR_peek_last_error")
 have_func("BN_mod_add")
@@ -83,8 +81,6 @@ have_func("HMAC_CTX_cleanup")
 have_func("HMAC_CTX_copy")
 have_func("HMAC_CTX_init")
 have_func("PEM_def_callback")
-have_func("PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC")
-have_func("PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA1")
 have_func("X509V3_set_nconf")
 have_func("X509V3_EXT_nconf_nid")
 have_func("X509_CRL_add0_revoked")
@@ -94,7 +90,6 @@ have_func("X509_CRL_sort")
 have_func("X509_STORE_get_ex_data")
 have_func("X509_STORE_set_ex_data")
 have_func("OBJ_NAME_do_all_sorted")
-have_func("SSL_SESSION_get_id")
 have_func("OPENSSL_cleanse")
 if try_compile("#define FOO(a, ...) foo(a, ##__VA_ARGS__)\n int x(){FOO(1);FOO(1,2);FOO(1,2,3);}\n")
   $defs.push("-DHAVE_VA_ARGS_MACRO")
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
index f10985ed2c..24a9eed136 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ require 'openssl.so'
 require 'openssl/bn'
 require 'openssl/cipher'
 require 'openssl/digest'
-require 'openssl/pkcs7'
 require 'openssl/ssl'
 require 'openssl/x509'
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb
index 290e9c1d2d..049533d06b 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/cipher.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #require 'openssl'
 
 module OpenSSL
-  class Cipher
+  module Cipher
     %w(AES CAST5 BF DES IDEA RC2 RC4 RC5).each{|name|
       klass = Class.new(Cipher){
         define_method(:initialize){|*args|
@@ -41,25 +41,18 @@ module OpenSSL
       const_set("AES#{keylen}", klass)
     }
 
-    # Generate, set, and return a random key.
-    # You must call cipher.encrypt or cipher.decrypt before calling this method.
-    def random_key
-      str = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(self.key_len)
-      self.key = str
-      return str
-    end
-
-    # Generate, set, and return a random iv.
-    # You must call cipher.encrypt or cipher.decrypt before calling this method.
-    def random_iv
-      str = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(self.iv_len)
-      self.iv = str
-      return str
-    end
-
-    # This class is only provided for backwards compatibility.  Use OpenSSL::Digest in the future.
-    class Cipher < Cipher
-      # add warning
+    class Cipher
+      def random_key
+        str = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(self.key_len)
+        self.key = str
+        return str
+      end
+
+      def random_iv
+        str = OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(self.iv_len)
+        self.iv = str
+        return str
+      end
     end
   end # Cipher
 end # OpenSSL
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
index 4810f0121b..b3e4484805 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/digest.rb
@@ -19,17 +19,13 @@
 #require 'openssl'
 
 module OpenSSL
-  class Digest
+  module Digest
 
     alg = %w(DSS DSS1 MD2 MD4 MD5 MDC2 RIPEMD160 SHA SHA1)
     if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER > 0x00908000
       alg += %w(SHA224 SHA256 SHA384 SHA512)
     end
 
-    def self.digest(name, data)
-        super(data, name)
-    end
-
     alg.each{|name|
       klass = Class.new(Digest){
         define_method(:initialize){|*data|
@@ -48,14 +44,6 @@ module OpenSSL
       const_set(name, klass)
     }
 
-    # This class is only provided for backwards compatibility.  Use OpenSSL::Digest in the future.
-    class Digest < Digest
-      def initialize(*args)
-        # add warning
-        super(*args)
-      end
-    end
-
   end # Digest
 end # OpenSSL
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkcs7.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkcs7.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f88c1de5e..0000000000
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/pkcs7.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-=begin
-= $RCSfile$ -- PKCS7
-
-= Licence
-  This program is licenced under the same licence as Ruby.
-  (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
-
-= Version
-  $Id: digest.rb 12148 2007-04-05 05:59:22Z technorama $
-=end
-
-module OpenSSL
-  class PKCS7
-    # This class is only provided for backwards compatibility.  Use OpenSSL::PKCS7 in the future.
-    class PKCS7 < PKCS7
-      def initialize(*args)
-        super(*args)
-
-        warn("Warning: OpenSSL::PKCS7::PKCS7 is deprecated after Ruby 1.9; use OpenSSL::PKCS7 instead")
-      end
-    end
-
-  end # PKCS7
-end # OpenSSL
-
diff --git a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
index f722cb0c45..9e9a9448ba 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
+++ b/ext/openssl/lib/openssl/ssl.rb
@@ -20,33 +20,6 @@ require "fcntl"
 
 module OpenSSL
   module SSL
-    class SSLContext
-      DEFAULT_PARAMS = {
-        :ssl_version => "SSLv23",
-        :verify_mode => OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER,
-        :ciphers => "ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW",
-        :options => OpenSSL::SSL::OP_ALL,
-      }
-
-      DEFAULT_CERT_STORE = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
-      DEFAULT_CERT_STORE.set_default_paths
-      if defined?(OpenSSL::X509::V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL)
-        DEFAULT_CERT_STORE.flags = OpenSSL::X509::V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL
-      end
-
-      def set_params(params={})
-        params = DEFAULT_PARAMS.merge(params)
-        self.ssl_version = params.delete(:ssl_version)
-        params.each{|name, value| self.__send__("#{name}=", value) }
-        if self.verify_mode != OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_NONE
-          unless self.ca_file or self.ca_path or self.cert_store
-            self.cert_store = DEFAULT_CERT_STORE
-          end
-        end
-        return params
-      end
-    end
-
     module SocketForwarder
       def addr
         to_io.addr
@@ -86,49 +59,36 @@ module OpenSSL
       end
     end
 
-    def verify_certificate_identity(cert, hostname)
-      should_verify_common_name = true
-      cert.extensions.each{|ext|
-        next if ext.oid != "subjectAltName"
-        ext.value.split(/,\s+/).each{|general_name|
-          if /\ADNS:(.*)/ =~ general_name
-            should_verify_common_name = false
-            reg = Regexp.escape($1).gsub(/\\\*/, "[^.]+")
-            return true if /\A#{reg}\z/i =~ hostname
-          elsif /\AIP Address:(.*)/ =~ general_name
-            should_verify_common_name = false
-            return true if $1 == hostname
-          end
-        }
-      }
-      if should_verify_common_name
-        cert.subject.to_a.each{|oid, value|
-          if oid == "CN"
-            reg = Regexp.escape(value).gsub(/\\\*/, "[^.]+")
-            return true if /\A#{reg}\z/i =~ hostname
-          end
-        }
-      end
-      return false
-    end
-    module_function :verify_certificate_identity
-
     class SSLSocket
       include Buffering
       include SocketForwarder
       include Nonblock
 
       def post_connection_check(hostname)
-        unless OpenSSL::SSL.verify_certificate_identity(peer_cert, hostname)
-          raise SSLError, "hostname was not match with the server certificate"
+        check_common_name = true
+        cert = peer_cert
+        cert.extensions.each{|ext|
+          next if ext.oid != "subjectAltName"
+          ext.value.split(/,\s+/).each{|general_name|
+            if /\ADNS:(.*)/ =~ general_name
+              check_common_name = false
+              reg = Regexp.escape($1).gsub(/\\\*/, "[^.]+")
+              return true if /\A#{reg}\z/i =~ hostname
+            elsif /\AIP Address:(.*)/ =~ general_name
+              check_common_name = false
+              return true if $1 == hostname
+            end
+          }
+        }
+        if check_common_name
+          cert.subject.to_a.each{|oid, value|
+            if oid == "CN"
+              reg = Regexp.escape(value).gsub(/\\\*/, "[^.]+")
+              return true if /\A#{reg}\z/i =~ hostname
+            end
+          }
         end
-        return true
-      end
-
-      def session
-        SSL::Session.new(self)
-      rescue SSL::Session::SessionError
-        nil
+        raise SSLError, "hostname was not match with the server certificate"
       end
     end
 
@@ -154,10 +114,6 @@ module OpenSSL
         @svr.listen(backlog)
       end
 
-      def shutdown(how=Socket::SHUT_RDWR)
-        @svr.shutdown(how)
-      end
-
       def accept
         sock = @svr.accept
         begin
diff --git a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c
index 724f36b8ae..f77731ed65 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.c
@@ -22,15 +22,17 @@
 #include "openssl_missing.h"
 
 #if !defined(HAVE_HMAC_CTX_COPY)
-void
+int
 HMAC_CTX_copy(HMAC_CTX *out, HMAC_CTX *in)
 {
-    if (!out || !in) return;
+    if (!out || !in) return 0;
     memcpy(out, in, sizeof(HMAC_CTX));
 
-    EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->md_ctx, &in->md_ctx);
-    EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->i_ctx, &in->i_ctx);
-    EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->o_ctx, &in->o_ctx);
+    if (!EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->md_ctx, &in->md_ctx)
+	    || !EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->i_ctx, &in->i_ctx)
+	    || !EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&out->o_ctx, &in->o_ctx))
+	return 0;
+    return 1;
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_HMAC_CTX_COPY */
 #endif /* NO_HMAC */
diff --git a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
index 5a71f73c64..7b1e019208 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/openssl_missing.h
@@ -60,33 +60,14 @@ typedef char *d2i_of_void();
 	(char *(*)())d2i_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO, (char *)ri)
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_INIT)
 void HMAC_CTX_init(HMAC_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_HMAC_CTX_COPY)
-void HMAC_CTX_copy(HMAC_CTX *out, HMAC_CTX *in);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP)
+int HMAC_CTX_copy(HMAC_CTX *out, HMAC_CTX *in);
 void HMAC_CTX_cleanup(HMAC_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
 
-#if !defined(HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_CREATE)
 EVP_MD_CTX *EVP_MD_CTX_create(void);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_INIT)
 void EVP_MD_CTX_init(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_CLEANUP)
 int EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_EVP_MD_CTX_DESTROY)
 void EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
 
 #if !defined(HAVE_EVP_CIPHER_CTX_COPY)
 int EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *out, EVP_CIPHER_CTX *in);
@@ -130,54 +111,19 @@ int EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy(EVP_CIPHER_CTX *out, EVP_CIPHER_CTX *in);
 #define OPENSSL_cleanse(p, l) memset(p, 0, l)
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(HAVE_X509_STORE_SET_EX_DATA)
 void *X509_STORE_get_ex_data(X509_STORE *str, int idx);
 int X509_STORE_set_ex_data(X509_STORE *str, int idx, void *data);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_X509_CRL_SET_VERSION)
 int X509_CRL_set_version(X509_CRL *x, long version);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_X509_CRL_SET_ISSUER_NAME)
 int X509_CRL_set_issuer_name(X509_CRL *x, X509_NAME *name);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_X509_CRL_SORT)
 int X509_CRL_sort(X509_CRL *c);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_X509_CRL_ADD0_REVOKED)
 int X509_CRL_add0_revoked(X509_CRL *crl, X509_REVOKED *rev);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_BN_MOD_SQR)
 int BN_mod_sqr(BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *m, BN_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_BN_MOD_ADD)
 int BN_mod_add(BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b, const BIGNUM *m, BN_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_BN_MOD_SUB)
 int BN_mod_sub(BIGNUM *r, const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *b, const BIGNUM *m, BN_CTX *ctx);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_BN_RAND_RANGE)
 int BN_rand_range(BIGNUM *r, BIGNUM *range);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_BN_PSEUDO_RAND_RANGE)
 int BN_pseudo_rand_range(BIGNUM *r, BIGNUM *range);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_CONF_GET1_DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE)
 char *CONF_get1_default_config_file(void);
-#endif
-
-#if !defined(HAVE_PEM_DEF_CALLBACK)
 int PEM_def_callback(char *buf, int num, int w, void *key);
-#endif
 
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl.c
index 53f476fd65..a98f2641cc 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ ossl_x509_ary2sk0(VALUE ary)
     sk = sk_X509_new_null();
     if (!sk) ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL); 
 
-    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
         val = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
         if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cX509Cert)) {
             sk_X509_pop_free(sk, X509_free);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ ossl_buf2str(char *buf, int len)
     int status = 0;
 
     str = rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))ossl_str_new, len, &status);
-    if(!NIL_P(str)) memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(str), buf, len);
+    if(!NIL_P(str)) memcpy(RSTRING(str)->ptr, buf, len);
     OPENSSL_free(buf);
     if(status) rb_jump_tag(status);
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ ossl_pem_passwd_cb(char *buf, int max_len, int flag, void *pwd)
 	rflag = flag ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 	pass  = rb_protect(ossl_pem_passwd_cb0, rflag, &status);
 	if (status) return -1; /* exception was raised. */
-	len = RSTRING_LEN(pass);
+	len = RSTRING(pass)->len;
 	if (len < 4) { /* 4 is OpenSSL hardcoded limit */
 	    rb_warning("password must be longer than 4 bytes");
 	    continue;
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ ossl_pem_passwd_cb(char *buf, int max_len, int flag, void *pwd)
 	    rb_warning("password must be shorter then %d bytes", max_len-1);
 	    continue;
 	}
-	memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(pass), len);
+	memcpy(buf, RSTRING(pass)->ptr, len);
 	break;
     }
     return len;
@@ -310,14 +310,6 @@ ossl_raise(VALUE exc, const char *fmt, ...)
     rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new(exc, buf, len));
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.errors -> [String...]
- *
- * See any remaining errors held in queue.
- *
- * Any errors you see here are probably due to a bug in ruby's OpenSSL implementation.
- */
 VALUE
 ossl_get_errors()
 {
@@ -353,23 +345,12 @@ ossl_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 #endif
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.debug -> true | false
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_debug_get(VALUE self)
 {
     return dOSSL;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   OpenSSL.debug = boolean -> boolean
- *
- * Turns on or off CRYPTO_MEM_CHECK.
- * Also shows some debugging message on stderr.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_debug_set(VALUE self, VALUE val)
 {
@@ -446,8 +427,8 @@ Init_openssl()
     /*
      * Verify callback Proc index for ext-data
      */
-    if ((ossl_verify_cb_idx = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, "ossl_verify_cb_idx", 0, 0, 0)) < 0)
-        ossl_raise(eOSSLError, "X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
+    ossl_verify_cb_idx =
+	X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, "ossl_verify_cb_idx", 0, 0, 0);
 
     /*
      * Init debug core
@@ -473,7 +454,6 @@ Init_openssl()
     Init_ossl_ns_spki();
     Init_ossl_pkcs12();
     Init_ossl_pkcs7();
-    Init_ossl_pkcs5();
     Init_ossl_pkey();
     Init_ossl_rand();
     Init_ossl_ssl();
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl.h b/ext/openssl/ossl.h
index 3cc30ae2e8..0c23f10d38 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl.h
@@ -17,11 +17,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#if 0
-  mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-  mX509 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "X509");
-#endif
-
 /*
 * OpenSSL has defined RFILE and Ruby has defined RFILE - so undef it!
 */
@@ -45,6 +40,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+#  define OpenFile WINAPI_OpenFile
 #  define OSSL_NO_CONF_API 1
 #  ifdef USE_WINSOCK2
 #    include <winsock2.h>
@@ -73,6 +69,9 @@ extern "C" {
 #  define OSSL_OCSP_ENABLED
 #  include <openssl/ocsp.h>
 #endif
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#  undef OpenFile
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Common Module
@@ -123,10 +122,11 @@ VALUE ossl_x509crl_sk2ary(STACK_OF(X509_CRL) *crl);
 VALUE ossl_buf2str(char *buf, int len);
 #define ossl_str_adjust(str, p) \
 do{\
-    int len = RSTRING_LEN(str);\
-    int newlen = (p) - (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(str);\
+    int len = RSTRING(str)->len;\
+    int newlen = (p) - (unsigned char*)RSTRING(str)->ptr;\
     assert(newlen <= len);\
-    rb_str_set_len(str, newlen);\
+    RSTRING(str)->len = newlen;\
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[newlen] = 0;\
 }while(0)
 
 /*
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
index 8ceea95021..3614f470d9 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_asn1.c
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ obj_to_asn1bstr(VALUE obj, long unused_bits)
     StringValue(obj);
     if(!(bstr = ASN1_BIT_STRING_new()))
 	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(bstr, RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LEN(obj));
+    ASN1_BIT_STRING_set(bstr, RSTRING(obj)->ptr, RSTRING(obj)->len);
     bstr->flags &= ~(ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT|0x07); /* clear */
     bstr->flags |= ASN1_STRING_FLAG_BITS_LEFT|(unused_bits&0x07);
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ obj_to_asn1str(VALUE obj)
     StringValue(obj);
     if(!(str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
 	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(str, RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LEN(obj));
+    ASN1_STRING_set(str, RSTRING(obj)->ptr, RSTRING(obj)->len);
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -253,8 +253,8 @@ obj_to_asn1obj(VALUE obj)
     ASN1_OBJECT *a1obj;
 
     StringValue(obj);
-    a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 0);
-    if(!a1obj) a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING_PTR(obj), 1);
+    a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING(obj)->ptr, 0);
+    if(!a1obj) a1obj = OBJ_txt2obj(RSTRING(obj)->ptr, 1);
     if(!a1obj) ossl_raise(eASN1Error, "invalid OBJECT ID");
 
     return a1obj;
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ obj_to_asn1derstr(VALUE obj)
     str = ossl_to_der(obj);
     if(!(a1str = ASN1_STRING_new()))
 	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
-    ASN1_STRING_set(a1str, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    ASN1_STRING_set(a1str, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
 
     return a1str;
 }
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ decode_time(unsigned char* der, int length)
 /********/
 
 typedef struct {
-    const char *name;
+    char *name;
     VALUE *klass;
 } ossl_asn1_info_t;
 
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ static VALUE
 join_der(VALUE enumerable)
 {
     VALUE str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
-    rb_block_call(enumerable, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, join_der_i, str);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, enumerable, join_der_i, str);
     return str;
 }
 
@@ -699,13 +699,13 @@ ossl_asn1data_to_der(VALUE self)
 
     tag = ossl_asn1_tag(self);
     tag_class = ossl_asn1_tag_class(self);
-    if((length = ASN1_object_size(1, RSTRING_LEN(value), tag)) <= 0)
+    if((length = ASN1_object_size(1, RSTRING(value)->len, tag)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
     der = rb_str_new(0, length);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(der);
-    ASN1_put_object(&p, is_cons, RSTRING_LEN(value), tag, tag_class);
-    memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(value), RSTRING_LEN(value));
-    p += RSTRING_LEN(value);
+    p = RSTRING(der)->ptr;
+    ASN1_put_object(&p, is_cons, RSTRING(value)->len, tag, tag_class);
+    memcpy(p, RSTRING(value)->ptr, RSTRING(value)->len);
+    p += RSTRING(value)->len;
     ossl_str_adjust(der, p);
 
     return der;
@@ -824,8 +824,8 @@ ossl_asn1_traverse(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 
     obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
     tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING_LEN(tmp), &offset, 0, 0, 1);
+    p = RSTRING(tmp)->ptr;
+    ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING(tmp)->len, &offset, 0, 0, 1);
 
     return Qnil;
 }
@@ -840,8 +840,8 @@ ossl_asn1_decode(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 
     obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
     tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    ary = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING_LEN(tmp), &offset, 0, 1, 0);
+    p = RSTRING(tmp)->ptr;
+    ary = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING(tmp)->len, &offset, 0, 1, 0);
     ret = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
 
     return ret;
@@ -857,8 +857,8 @@ ossl_asn1_decode_all(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
 
     obj = ossl_to_der_if_possible(obj);
     tmp = rb_str_new4(StringValue(obj));
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
-    ret = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING_LEN(tmp), &offset, 0, 0, 0);
+    p = RSTRING(tmp)->ptr;
+    ret = ossl_asn1_decode0(&p, RSTRING(tmp)->len, &offset, 0, 0, 0);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -973,21 +973,21 @@ ossl_asn1cons_to_der(VALUE self)
     explicit = ossl_asn1_is_explicit(self);
     value = join_der(ossl_asn1_get_value(self));
 
-    seq_len = ASN1_object_size(1, RSTRING_LEN(value), tag);
+    seq_len = ASN1_object_size(1, RSTRING(value)->len, tag);
     length = ASN1_object_size(1, seq_len, tn);
     str = rb_str_new(0, length);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(tc == V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL)
-	ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING_LEN(value), tn, tc);
+	ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING(value)->len, tn, tc);
     else{
 	if(explicit){
 	    ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, seq_len, tn, tc);
-	    ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING_LEN(value), tag, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
+	    ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING(value)->len, tag, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
 	}
-	else ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING_LEN(value), tn, tc);
+	else ASN1_put_object(&p, 1, RSTRING(value)->len, tn, tc);
     }
-    memcpy(p, RSTRING_PTR(value), RSTRING_LEN(value));
-    p += RSTRING_LEN(value);
+    memcpy(p, RSTRING(value)->ptr, RSTRING(value)->len);
+    p += RSTRING(value)->len;
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
 
     return str;
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ ossl_asn1obj_s_register(VALUE self, VALUE oid, VALUE sn, VALUE ln)
     StringValue(sn);
     StringValue(ln);
 
-    if(!OBJ_create(RSTRING_PTR(oid), RSTRING_PTR(sn), RSTRING_PTR(ln)))
+    if(!OBJ_create(RSTRING(oid)->ptr, RSTRING(sn)->ptr, RSTRING(ln)->ptr))
 	ossl_raise(eASN1Error, NULL);
 
     return Qtrue;
@@ -1112,9 +1112,9 @@ Init_ossl_asn1()
     }
 
     cASN1Data = rb_define_class_under(mASN1, "ASN1Data", rb_cObject);
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("value"), 1, 1, 0);
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag"), 1, 1, 0);
-    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag_class"), 1, 1, 0);
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("value"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
+    rb_attr(cASN1Data, rb_intern("tag_class"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
     rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "initialize", ossl_asn1data_initialize, 3);
     rb_define_method(cASN1Data, "to_der", ossl_asn1data_to_der, 0);
 
@@ -1166,5 +1166,5 @@ do{\
     rb_define_method(cASN1ObjectId, "oid", ossl_asn1obj_get_oid, 0);
     rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "short_name", "sn");
     rb_define_alias(cASN1ObjectId, "long_name", "ln");
-    rb_attr(cASN1BitString, rb_intern("unused_bits"), 1, 1, 0);
+    rb_attr(cASN1BitString, rb_intern("unused_bits"), 1, 1, Qtrue);
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
index 6db1fb9a62..9c9aa24197 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_bio.c
@@ -19,29 +19,16 @@ ossl_obj2bio(VALUE obj)
     BIO *bio;
 
     if (TYPE(obj) == T_FILE) {
-	rb_io_t *fptr;
-	FILE *fp;
-	int fd;
-
+	OpenFile *fptr;
 	GetOpenFile(obj, fptr);
 	rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
-	if ((fd = dup(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr))) < 0){
-	    rb_sys_fail(0);
-	}
-	if (!(fp = fdopen(fd, "r"))){
-	    close(fd);
-	    rb_sys_fail(0);
-	}
-	if (!(bio = BIO_new_fp(fp, BIO_CLOSE))){
-	    fclose(fp);
-	    ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
-	}
-    }
+	bio = BIO_new_fp(fptr->f, BIO_NOCLOSE);
+    }       
     else {
 	StringValue(obj);
-	bio = BIO_new_mem_buf(RSTRING_PTR(obj), RSTRING_LEN(obj));
-	if (!bio) ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
+	bio = BIO_new_mem_buf(RSTRING(obj)->ptr, RSTRING(obj)->len);
     }
+    if (!bio) ossl_raise(eOSSLError, NULL);
 
     return bio;
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
index 6856476261..cc7689eef5 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ VALUE eBNError;
  * Public
  */
 VALUE
-ossl_bn_new(const BIGNUM *bn)
+ossl_bn_new(BIGNUM *bn)
 {
     BIGNUM *newbn;
     VALUE obj;
@@ -100,13 +100,6 @@ ossl_bn_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    BN.new => aBN
- *    BN.new(bn) => aBN
- *    BN.new(string) => aBN
- *    BN.new(string, 0 | 2 | 10 | 16) => aBN
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -131,22 +124,22 @@ ossl_bn_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     switch (base) {
     case 0:
-	if (!BN_mpi2bn(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str), bn)) {
+	if (!BN_mpi2bn(RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len, bn)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	}
 	break;
     case 2:
-	if (!BN_bin2bn(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str), bn)) {
+	if (!BN_bin2bn(RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len, bn)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	}
 	break;
     case 10:
-	if (!BN_dec2bn(&bn, RSTRING_PTR(str))) {
+	if (!BN_dec2bn(&bn, RSTRING(str)->ptr)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	}
 	break;
     case 16:
-	if (!BN_hex2bn(&bn, RSTRING_PTR(str))) {
+	if (!BN_hex2bn(&bn, RSTRING(str)->ptr)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	}
 	break;
@@ -156,19 +149,6 @@ ossl_bn_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn.to_s => string
- *    bn.to_s(base) => string
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +base+ - integer
- * * * Valid values:
- * * * * 0 - MPI
- * * * * 2 - binary
- * * * * 10 - the default
- * * * * 16 - hex
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -185,13 +165,13 @@ ossl_bn_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     case 0:
 	len = BN_bn2mpi(bn, NULL);
         str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-	if (BN_bn2mpi(bn, RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
+	if (BN_bn2mpi(bn, RSTRING(str)->ptr) != len)
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	break;
     case 2:
 	len = BN_num_bytes(bn);
         str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-	if (BN_bn2bin(bn, RSTRING_PTR(str)) != len)
+	if (BN_bn2bin(bn, RSTRING(str)->ptr) != len)
 	    ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
 	break;
     case 10:
@@ -209,10 +189,6 @@ ossl_bn_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn.to_i => integer
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_to_i(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -257,11 +233,6 @@ ossl_bn_coerce(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_BOOL1(func)				\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func -> true | false			\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)				\
     {							\
@@ -277,11 +248,6 @@ BIGNUM_BOOL1(is_one);
 BIGNUM_BOOL1(is_odd);
 
 #define BIGNUM_1c(func)					\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func -> aBN				\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)				\
     {							\
@@ -301,11 +267,6 @@ BIGNUM_BOOL1(is_odd);
 BIGNUM_1c(sqr);
 
 #define BIGNUM_2(func)					\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func(bn2) -> aBN				\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)		\
     {							\
@@ -326,11 +287,6 @@ BIGNUM_2(add);
 BIGNUM_2(sub);
 
 #define BIGNUM_2c(func)						\
-    /*								\
-     * call-seq:						\
-     *   bn.##func(bn2) -> aBN					\
-     *								\
-     */								\
     static VALUE						\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)			\
     {								\
@@ -354,10 +310,6 @@ BIGNUM_2c(gcd);
 BIGNUM_2c(mod_sqr);
 BIGNUM_2c(mod_inverse);
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn1 / bn2 => [result, remainder]
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
@@ -385,11 +337,6 @@ ossl_bn_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_3c(func)						\
-    /*								\
-     * call-seq:						\
-     *   bn.##func(bn1, bn2) -> aBN				\
-     *								\
-     */								\
     static VALUE						\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other1, VALUE other2)	\
     {								\
@@ -413,11 +360,6 @@ BIGNUM_3c(mod_mul);
 BIGNUM_3c(mod_exp);
 
 #define BIGNUM_BIT(func)				\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func(bit) -> self				\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bit)		\
     {							\
@@ -432,10 +374,6 @@ BIGNUM_BIT(set_bit);
 BIGNUM_BIT(clear_bit);
 BIGNUM_BIT(mask_bits);
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn.bit_set?(bit) => true | false
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_is_bit_set(VALUE self, VALUE bit)
 {
@@ -451,11 +389,6 @@ ossl_bn_is_bit_set(VALUE self, VALUE bit)
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_SHIFT(func)				\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func(bits) -> aBN				\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)		\
     {							\
@@ -477,32 +410,7 @@ ossl_bn_is_bit_set(VALUE self, VALUE bit)
 BIGNUM_SHIFT(lshift);
 BIGNUM_SHIFT(rshift);
 
-#define BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(func)				\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func!(bits) -> self			\
-     *							\
-     */							\
-    static VALUE					\
-    ossl_bn_self_##func(VALUE self, VALUE bits)		\
-    {							\
-	BIGNUM *bn;					\
-	int b;						\
-	b = NUM2INT(bits);				\
-	GetBN(self, bn);				\
-	if (!BN_##func(bn, bn, b))			\
-		ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);		\
-	return self;					\
-    }
-BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(lshift);
-BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(rshift);
-
 #define BIGNUM_RAND(func)					\
-    /*								\
-     * call-seq:						\
-     *   BN.##func(bits [, fill [, odd]]) -> aBN		\
-     *								\
-     */								\
     static VALUE						\
     ossl_bn_s_##func(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)	\
     {								\
@@ -515,7 +423,7 @@ BIGNUM_SELF_SHIFT(rshift);
 	    bottom = (odd == Qtrue) ? 1 : 0;			\
 	    /* FALLTHROUGH */					\
 	case 2:							\
-	    top = NUM2INT(fill);				\
+	    top = FIX2INT(fill);				\
 	}							\
 	b = NUM2INT(bits);					\
 	if (!(result = BN_new())) {				\
@@ -532,11 +440,6 @@ BIGNUM_RAND(rand);
 BIGNUM_RAND(pseudo_rand);
 
 #define BIGNUM_RAND_RANGE(func)					\
-    /*								\
-     * call-seq:						\
-     *   BN.##func(range) -> aBN				\
-     *								\
-     */								\
     static VALUE						\
     ossl_bn_s_##func##_range(VALUE klass, VALUE range)		\
     {								\
@@ -555,16 +458,6 @@ BIGNUM_RAND(pseudo_rand);
 BIGNUM_RAND_RANGE(rand);
 BIGNUM_RAND_RANGE(pseudo_rand);
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    BN.generate_prime(bits, [, safe [, add [, rem]]]) => bn
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +bits+ - integer
- * * +safe+ - boolean
- * * +add+ - BN
- * * +rem+ - BN
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_s_generate_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -580,8 +473,12 @@ ossl_bn_s_generate_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 	safe = 0;
     }
     if (!NIL_P(vadd)) {
+	if (NIL_P(vrem)) {
+	    ossl_raise(rb_eArgError,
+		       "if ADD is specified, REM must be also given");
+	}
 	add = GetBNPtr(vadd);
-	rem = NIL_P(vrem) ? NULL : GetBNPtr(vrem);
+	rem = GetBNPtr(vrem);
     }
     if (!(result = BN_new())) {
 	ossl_raise(eBNError, NULL);
@@ -592,15 +489,10 @@ ossl_bn_s_generate_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     }
     WrapBN(klass, obj, result);
     
-    return obj;
+	return obj;
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_NUM(func)			\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func -> integer				\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE 				\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self)			\
     {						\
@@ -630,11 +522,6 @@ ossl_bn_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 }
 
 #define BIGNUM_CMP(func)				\
-    /*							\
-     * call-seq:					\
-     *   bn.##func(bn2) -> integer			\
-     *							\
-     */							\
     static VALUE					\
     ossl_bn_##func(VALUE self, VALUE other)		\
     {							\
@@ -654,14 +541,6 @@ ossl_bn_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn.prime? => true | false
- *    bn.prime?(checks) => true | false
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +checks+ - integer
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_is_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -685,16 +564,6 @@ ossl_bn_is_prime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    bn.prime_fasttest? => true | false
- *    bn.prime_fasttest?(checks) => true | false
- *    bn.prime_fasttest?(checks, trial_div) => true | false
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +checks+ - integer
- * * +trial_div+ - boolean
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_bn_is_prime_fasttest(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -807,10 +676,8 @@ Init_ossl_bn()
     rb_define_method(cBN, "bit_set?", ossl_bn_is_bit_set, 1);
     rb_define_method(cBN, "mask_bits!", ossl_bn_mask_bits, 1);
     rb_define_method(cBN, "<<", ossl_bn_lshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cBN, ">>", ossl_bn_rshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cBN, "lshift!", ossl_bn_self_lshift, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cBN, "rshift!", ossl_bn_self_rshift, 1);
     /* lshift1 - DON'T IMPL. */
+    rb_define_method(cBN, ">>", ossl_bn_rshift, 1);
     /* rshift1 - DON'T IMPL. */
 
     /*
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.h
index d6c396227b..12aa484873 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_bn.h
@@ -14,12 +14,9 @@
 extern VALUE cBN;
 extern VALUE eBNError;
 
-extern BN_CTX *ossl_bn_ctx;
-
-VALUE ossl_bn_new(const BIGNUM *);
+VALUE ossl_bn_new(BIGNUM *);
 BIGNUM *GetBNPtr(VALUE);
 void Init_ossl_bn(void);
 
-
 #endif /* _OSS_BN_H_ */
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
index b680dc6e64..57b7976617 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 /*
  * Classes
  */
+VALUE mCipher;
 VALUE cCipher;
 VALUE eCipherError;
 
@@ -83,14 +84,6 @@ ossl_cipher_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Cipher.new(string) -> cipher
- *
- *  The string must contain a valid cipher name like "AES-128-CBC" or "3DES".
- *
- *  A list of cipher names is available by calling OpenSSL::Cipher.ciphers.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 {
@@ -131,12 +124,6 @@ add_cipher_name_to_ary(const OBJ_NAME *name, VALUE ary)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Cipher.ciphers -> array[string...]
- *
- *  Returns the names of all available ciphers in an array.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_s_ciphers(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -154,12 +141,6 @@ ossl_s_ciphers(VALUE self)
 #endif
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.reset -> self
- *
- *  Internally calls EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, -1).
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_reset(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -186,23 +167,22 @@ ossl_cipher_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int mode)
 	 * We deprecated the arguments for this method, but we decided
 	 * keeping this behaviour for backward compatibility.
 	 */
-	char *cname  = rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self));
-	rb_warn("argumtents for %s#encrypt and %s#decrypt were deprecated; "
-                "use %s#pkcs5_keyivgen to derive key and IV",
-                cname, cname, cname);
 	StringValue(pass);
 	GetCipher(self, ctx);
 	if (NIL_P(init_v)) memcpy(iv, "OpenSSL for Ruby rulez!", sizeof(iv));
 	else{
+	    char *cname  = rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self));
+	    rb_warning("key derivation by %s#encrypt is deprecated; "
+		       "use %s::pkcs5_keyivgen instead", cname, cname);
 	    StringValue(init_v);
-	    if (EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH > RSTRING_LEN(init_v)) {
+	    if (EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH > RSTRING(init_v)->len) {
 		memset(iv, 0, EVP_MAX_IV_LENGTH);
-		memcpy(iv, RSTRING_PTR(init_v), RSTRING_LEN(init_v));
+		memcpy(iv, RSTRING(init_v)->ptr, RSTRING(init_v)->len);
 	    }
-	    else memcpy(iv, RSTRING_PTR(init_v), sizeof(iv));
+	    else memcpy(iv, RSTRING(init_v)->ptr, sizeof(iv));
 	}
 	EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx), EVP_md5(), iv,
-		       RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LEN(pass), 1, key, NULL);
+		       RSTRING(pass)->ptr, RSTRING(pass)->len, 1, key, NULL);
 	p_key = key;
 	p_iv = iv;
     }
@@ -216,54 +196,18 @@ ossl_cipher_init(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int mode)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.encrypt -> self
- *
- *  Make sure to call .encrypt or .decrypt before using any of the following methods:
- *  * [key=, iv=, random_key, random_iv, pkcs5_keyivgen]
- *
- *  Internally calls EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1).
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     return ossl_cipher_init(argc, argv, self, 1);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.decrypt -> self
- *
- *  Make sure to call .encrypt or .decrypt before using any of the following methods:
- *  * [key=, iv=, random_key, random_iv, pkcs5_keyivgen]
- *
- *  Internally calls EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0).
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     return ossl_cipher_init(argc, argv, self, 0);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.pkcs5_keyivgen(pass [, salt [, iterations [, digest]]] ) -> nil
- *
- *  Generates and sets the key/iv based on a password.
- *
- *  WARNING: This method is only PKCS5 v1.5 compliant when using RC2, RC4-40, or DES
- *  with MD5 or SHA1.  Using anything else (like AES) will generate the key/iv using an
- *  OpenSSL specific method.  Use a PKCS5 v2 key generation method instead.
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  +salt+ must be an 8 byte string if provided.
- *  +iterations+ is a integer with a default of 2048.
- *  +digest+ is a Digest object that defaults to 'MD5'
- *
- *  A minimum of 1000 iterations is recommended.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -277,15 +221,15 @@ ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     StringValue(vpass);
     if(!NIL_P(vsalt)){
 	StringValue(vsalt);
-	if(RSTRING_LEN(vsalt) != PKCS5_SALT_LEN)
+	if(RSTRING(vsalt)->len != PKCS5_SALT_LEN)
 	    rb_raise(eCipherError, "salt must be an 8-octet string");
-	salt = RSTRING_PTR(vsalt);
+	salt = RSTRING(vsalt)->ptr;
     }
     iter = NIL_P(viter) ? 2048 : NUM2INT(viter);
     digest = NIL_P(vdigest) ? EVP_md5() : GetDigestPtr(vdigest);
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx), digest, salt,
-		   RSTRING_PTR(vpass), RSTRING_LEN(vpass), iter, key, iv); 
+		   RSTRING(vpass)->ptr, RSTRING(vpass)->len, iter, key, iv); 
     if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, key, iv, -1) != 1)
 	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
     OPENSSL_cleanse(key, sizeof key);
@@ -294,75 +238,39 @@ ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher << data -> string
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  +data+ is a nonempty string.
- *
- * This method is deprecated and not available in 1.9.x or later.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_cipher_update_deprecated(VALUE self, VALUE data)
-{
-    char *cname;
-
-    cname = rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self));
-    rb_warning("%s#<< is deprecated; use %s#update instead", cname, cname);
-    return rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("update"), 1, data);
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.update(data [, buffer]) -> string or buffer
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  +data+ is a nonempty string.
- *  +buffer+ is an optional string to store the result.
- */
 static VALUE 
-ossl_cipher_update(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+ossl_cipher_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 {
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
     char *in;
     int in_len, out_len;
-    VALUE data, str;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &data, &str);
+    VALUE str;
 
     StringValue(data);
-    in = RSTRING_PTR(data);
-    if ((in_len = RSTRING_LEN(data)) == 0)
+    in = RSTRING(data)->ptr;
+    if ((in_len = RSTRING(data)->len) == 0)
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "data must not be empty");
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
-    out_len = in_len+EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx);
-
-    if (NIL_P(str)) {
-        str = rb_str_new(0, out_len);
-    } else {
-        StringValue(str);
-        rb_str_resize(str, out_len);
-    }
-
-    if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(str), &out_len, in, in_len))
+    str = rb_str_new(0, in_len+EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx));
+    if (!EVP_CipherUpdate(ctx, RSTRING(str)->ptr, &out_len, in, in_len))
 	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
-    assert(out_len < RSTRING_LEN(str));
-    rb_str_set_len(str, out_len);
+    assert(out_len < RSTRING(str)->len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = out_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[out_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.final -> aString
- *
- *  Returns the remaining data held in the cipher object.  Further calls to update() or final() will return garbage.
- *
- *  See EVP_CipherFinal_ex for further information.
- */
+static VALUE
+ossl_cipher_update_deprecated(VALUE self, VALUE data)
+{
+    char *cname;
+
+    cname = rb_class2name(rb_obj_class(self));
+    rb_warning("%s#<< is deprecated; use %s#update instead", cname, cname);
+    return ossl_cipher_update(self, data);
+}
+
 static VALUE 
 ossl_cipher_final(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -372,20 +280,15 @@ ossl_cipher_final(VALUE self)
 
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     str = rb_str_new(0, EVP_CIPHER_CTX_block_size(ctx));
-    if (!EVP_CipherFinal_ex(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(str), &out_len))
+    if (!EVP_CipherFinal_ex(ctx, RSTRING(str)->ptr, &out_len))
 	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
-    assert(out_len <= RSTRING_LEN(str));
-    rb_str_set_len(str, out_len);
+    assert(out_len <= RSTRING(str)->len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = out_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[out_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.name -> string
- *
- *  Returns the name of the cipher which may differ slightly from the original name provided.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_name(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -396,14 +299,6 @@ ossl_cipher_name(VALUE self)
     return rb_str_new2(EVP_CIPHER_name(EVP_CIPHER_CTX_cipher(ctx)));
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.key = string -> string
- *
- *  Sets the cipher key.
- *
- *  Only call this method after calling cipher.encrypt or cipher.decrypt.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 {
@@ -412,23 +307,15 @@ ossl_cipher_set_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     StringValue(key);
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
 
-    if (RSTRING_LEN(key) < EVP_CIPHER_CTX_key_length(ctx))
+    if (RSTRING(key)->len < EVP_CIPHER_CTX_key_length(ctx))
         ossl_raise(eCipherError, "key length too short");
 
-    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, RSTRING_PTR(key), NULL, -1) != 1)
+    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, RSTRING(key)->ptr, NULL, -1) != 1)
         ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return key;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.iv = string -> string
- *
- *  Sets the cipher iv.
- *
- *  Only call this method after calling cipher.encrypt or cipher.decrypt.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_iv(VALUE self, VALUE iv)
 {
@@ -437,32 +324,20 @@ ossl_cipher_set_iv(VALUE self, VALUE iv)
     StringValue(iv);
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
 
-    if (RSTRING_LEN(iv) < EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx))
+    if (RSTRING(iv)->len < EVP_CIPHER_CTX_iv_length(ctx))
         ossl_raise(eCipherError, "iv length too short");
 
-    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, RSTRING_PTR(iv), -1) != 1)
+    if (EVP_CipherInit_ex(ctx, NULL, NULL, NULL, RSTRING(iv)->ptr, -1) != 1)
 	ossl_raise(eCipherError, NULL);
 
     return iv;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.key_length = integer -> integer
- *
- *  Sets the key length of the cipher.  If the cipher is a fixed length cipher then attempting to set the key
- *  length to any value other than the fixed value is an error.
- *
- *  Under normal circumstances you do not need to call this method (and probably shouldn't).
- *
- *  See EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length for further information.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_key_length(VALUE self, VALUE key_length)
 {
-    int len = NUM2INT(key_length);
     EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
+    int len = NUM2INT(key_length);
  
     GetCipher(self, ctx);
     if (EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(ctx, len) != 1)
@@ -471,16 +346,6 @@ ossl_cipher_set_key_length(VALUE self, VALUE key_length)
     return key_length;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.padding = integer -> integer
- *
- *  Enables or disables padding. By default encryption operations are padded using standard block padding and the
- *  padding is checked and removed when decrypting. If the pad parameter is zero then no padding is performed, the
- *  total amount of data encrypted or decrypted must then be a multiple of the block size or an error will occur.
- *
- *  See EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_padding for further information.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_cipher_set_padding(VALUE self, VALUE padding)
 {
@@ -509,27 +374,6 @@ CIPHER_0ARG_INT(key_length)
 CIPHER_0ARG_INT(iv_length)
 CIPHER_0ARG_INT(block_size)
 
-#if 0
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.key_length -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_cipher_key_length() { }
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.iv_length -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_cipher_iv_length() { }
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     cipher.block_size -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_cipher_block_size() { }
-#endif
-
 /*
  * INIT
  */
@@ -539,21 +383,21 @@ Init_ossl_cipher(void)
 #if 0 /* let rdoc know about mOSSL */
     mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
 #endif
-    cCipher = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Cipher", rb_cObject);
-    eCipherError = rb_define_class_under(cCipher, "CipherError", eOSSLError);
+
+    mCipher = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "Cipher");
+    eCipherError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "CipherError", eOSSLError);
+    cCipher = rb_define_class_under(mCipher, "Cipher", rb_cObject);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(cCipher, ossl_cipher_alloc);
     rb_define_copy_func(cCipher, ossl_cipher_copy);
-    rb_define_module_function(cCipher, "ciphers", ossl_s_ciphers, 0);
+    rb_define_module_function(mCipher, "ciphers", ossl_s_ciphers, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "initialize", ossl_cipher_initialize, 1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "reset", ossl_cipher_reset, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "encrypt", ossl_cipher_encrypt, -1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "decrypt", ossl_cipher_decrypt, -1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "pkcs5_keyivgen", ossl_cipher_pkcs5_keyivgen, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cCipher, "update", ossl_cipher_update, -1);
-#if RUBY_VERSION_CODE < 190
+    rb_define_method(cCipher, "update", ossl_cipher_update, 1);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "<<", ossl_cipher_update_deprecated, 1);
-#endif
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "final", ossl_cipher_final, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "name", ossl_cipher_name, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "key=", ossl_cipher_set_key, 1);
@@ -564,4 +408,3 @@ Init_ossl_cipher(void)
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "block_size", ossl_cipher_block_size, 0);
     rb_define_method(cCipher, "padding=", ossl_cipher_set_padding, 1);
 }
-
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
index bed4fa853b..63c7a875e8 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_cipher.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_CIPHER_H_)
 #define _OSSL_CIPHER_H_
 
+extern VALUE mCipher;
 extern VALUE cCipher;
 extern VALUE eCipherError;
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
index cc8e324029..f1d6a98253 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_config.c
@@ -171,16 +171,16 @@ ossl_config_add_value(VALUE self, VALUE section, VALUE name, VALUE value)
     StringValue(name);
     StringValue(value);
     GetConfig(self, conf);
-    if(!(sv = _CONF_get_section(conf, RSTRING_PTR(section)))){
-	if(!(sv = _CONF_new_section(conf, RSTRING_PTR(section)))){
+    if(!(sv = _CONF_get_section(conf, RSTRING(section)->ptr))){
+	if(!(sv = _CONF_new_section(conf, RSTRING(section)->ptr))){
 	    ossl_raise(eConfigError, NULL);
 	}
     }
     if(!(cv = OPENSSL_malloc(sizeof(CONF_VALUE)))){
 	ossl_raise(eConfigError, NULL);
     }
-    cv->name = BUF_strdup(RSTRING_PTR(name));
-    cv->value = BUF_strdup(RSTRING_PTR(value));
+    cv->name = BUF_strdup(RSTRING(name)->ptr);
+    cv->value = BUF_strdup(RSTRING(value)->ptr);
     if(!cv->name || !cv->value || !_CONF_add_string(conf, sv, cv)){
 	OPENSSL_free(cv->name);
 	OPENSSL_free(cv->value);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ ossl_config_get_value(VALUE self, VALUE section, VALUE name)
     StringValue(section);
     StringValue(name);
     GetConfig(self, conf);
-    str = NCONF_get_string(conf, RSTRING_PTR(section), RSTRING_PTR(name));
+    str = NCONF_get_string(conf, RSTRING(section)->ptr, RSTRING(name)->ptr);
     if(!str){
 	ERR_clear_error();
 	return Qnil;
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ossl_config_set_section(VALUE self, VALUE section, VALUE hash)
 
     arg[0] = self;
     arg[1] = section;
-    rb_block_call(hash, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, set_conf_section_i, (VALUE)arg);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, hash, set_conf_section_i, (VALUE)arg);
     return hash;
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
index 879d399fe7..4096b097a2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 /*
  * Classes
  */
+VALUE mDigest;
 VALUE cDigest;
 VALUE eDigestError;
 
@@ -35,23 +36,11 @@ static VALUE ossl_digest_alloc(VALUE klass);
 const EVP_MD *
 GetDigestPtr(VALUE obj)
 {
-    const EVP_MD *md;
-
-    if (TYPE(obj) == T_STRING) {
-    	const char *name = STR2CSTR(obj);
-
-        md = EVP_get_digestbyname(name);
-        if (!md)
-            ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unsupported digest algorithm (%s).", name);
-    } else {
-        EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
-
-        SafeGetDigest(obj, ctx);
+    EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
 
-        md = EVP_MD_CTX_md(ctx);
-    }
+    SafeGetDigest(obj, ctx);
 
-    return md;
+    return EVP_MD_CTX_md(ctx); /*== ctx->digest*/
 }
 
 VALUE
@@ -62,6 +51,7 @@ ossl_digest_new(const EVP_MD *md)
 
     ret = ossl_digest_alloc(cDigest);
     GetDigest(ret, ctx);
+    EVP_MD_CTX_init(ctx);
     EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, md, NULL);
    
     return ret;
@@ -79,18 +69,14 @@ ossl_digest_alloc(VALUE klass)
     ctx = EVP_MD_CTX_create();
     if (ctx == NULL)
 	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EVP_MD_CTX_create() failed");
+    EVP_MD_CTX_init(ctx);
     obj = Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, EVP_MD_CTX_destroy, ctx);
-
+	
     return obj;
 }
 
 VALUE ossl_digest_update(VALUE, VALUE);
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     Digest.new(string) -> digest
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_digest_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -100,9 +86,14 @@ ossl_digest_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     VALUE type, data;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &type, &data);
-    md = GetDigestPtr(type);
+    StringValue(type);
     if (!NIL_P(data)) StringValue(data);
-
+    name = StringValuePtr(type);
+    
+    md = EVP_get_digestbyname(name);
+    if (!md) {
+	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Unsupported digest algorithm (%s).", name);
+    }
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
     EVP_DigestInit_ex(ctx, md, NULL);
     
@@ -127,11 +118,6 @@ ossl_digest_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     digest.reset -> self
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_digest_reset(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -143,11 +129,6 @@ ossl_digest_reset(VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     digest.update(string) -> aString
- *
- */
 VALUE
 ossl_digest_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 {
@@ -155,77 +136,126 @@ ossl_digest_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 
     StringValue(data);
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
-    EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
+    EVP_DigestUpdate(ctx, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len);
 
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *      digest.finish -> aString
- *
- */
+static void
+digest_final(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx, char **buf, int *buf_len)
+{
+    EVP_MD_CTX final;
+
+    if (!EVP_MD_CTX_copy(&final, ctx)) {
+	ossl_raise(eDigestError, NULL);
+    }
+    if (!(*buf = OPENSSL_malloc(EVP_MD_CTX_size(&final)))) {
+	EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&final);
+	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Cannot allocate mem for digest");
+    }
+    EVP_DigestFinal_ex(&final, *buf, buf_len);
+    EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&final);
+}
+
 static VALUE
-ossl_digest_finish(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+ossl_digest_digest(VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
-    VALUE str;
+    char *buf;
+    int buf_len;
+    VALUE digest;
+	
+    GetDigest(self, ctx);
+    digest_final(ctx, &buf, &buf_len);
+    digest = ossl_buf2str(buf, buf_len);
+	
+    return digest;
+}
 
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &str);
+static VALUE
+ossl_digest_hexdigest(VALUE self)
+{
+    EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
+    char *buf, *hexbuf;
+    int buf_len;
+    VALUE hexdigest;
 
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
-
-    if (NIL_P(str)) {
-        str = rb_str_new(NULL, EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx));
-    } else {
-        StringValue(str);
-        rb_str_resize(str, EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx));
+    digest_final(ctx, &buf, &buf_len);
+    if (string2hex(buf, buf_len, &hexbuf, NULL) != 2 * buf_len) {
+	OPENSSL_free(buf);
+	ossl_raise(eDigestError, "Memory alloc error");
     }
+    OPENSSL_free(buf);
+    hexdigest = ossl_buf2str(hexbuf, 2 * buf_len);
 
-    EVP_DigestFinal_ex(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(str), NULL);
+    return hexdigest;
+}
 
-    return str;
+static VALUE
+ossl_digest_s_digest(VALUE klass, VALUE str, VALUE data)
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
+
+    ossl_digest_update(obj, data);
+
+    return ossl_digest_digest(obj);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *      digest.name -> string
- *
- */
 static VALUE
-ossl_digest_name(VALUE self)
+ossl_digest_s_hexdigest(VALUE klass, VALUE str, VALUE data)
+{
+    VALUE obj = rb_class_new_instance(1, &str, klass);
+
+    ossl_digest_update(obj, data);
+
+    return ossl_digest_hexdigest(obj);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_digest_equal(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE str1, str2;
 
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(other, cDigest) == Qtrue) {
+	str2 = ossl_digest_digest(other);
+    } else {
+	StringValue(other);
+	str2 = other;
+    }
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
+    if (RSTRING(str2)->len == EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx)) {
+	str1 = ossl_digest_digest(self);
+    } else {
+	str1 = ossl_digest_hexdigest(self);
+    }
+    if (RSTRING(str1)->len == RSTRING(str2)->len
+	&& rb_str_cmp(str1, str2) == 0) {
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
 
-    return rb_str_new2(EVP_MD_name(EVP_MD_CTX_md(ctx)));
+    return Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *      digest.digest_size -> integer
- *
- *  Returns the output size of the digest.
- */
 static VALUE
-ossl_digest_size(VALUE self)
+ossl_digest_name(VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
 
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
 
-    return INT2NUM(EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx));
+    return rb_str_new2(EVP_MD_name(EVP_MD_CTX_md(ctx)));
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_digest_block_length(VALUE self)
+ossl_digest_size(VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_MD_CTX *ctx;
 
     GetDigest(self, ctx);
 
-    return INT2NUM(EVP_MD_CTX_block_size(ctx));
+    return INT2NUM(EVP_MD_CTX_size(ctx));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -234,26 +264,35 @@ ossl_digest_block_length(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_digest()
 {
-    rb_require("openssl");
-    rb_require("digest");
-
 #if 0 /* let rdoc know about mOSSL */
     mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
 #endif
 
-    cDigest = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "Digest", rb_path2class("Digest::Class"));
-    eDigestError = rb_define_class_under(cDigest, "DigestError", eOSSLError);
+    mDigest = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "Digest");
+	
+    eDigestError = rb_define_class_under(mDigest, "DigestError", eOSSLError);
+	
+    cDigest = rb_define_class_under(mDigest, "Digest", rb_cObject);
 	
     rb_define_alloc_func(cDigest, ossl_digest_alloc);
-
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDigest, "digest", ossl_digest_s_digest, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cDigest, "hexdigest", ossl_digest_s_hexdigest, 2);
+	
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "initialize", ossl_digest_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_copy_func(cDigest, ossl_digest_copy);
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "reset", ossl_digest_reset, 0);
+    
+    rb_define_copy_func(cDigest, ossl_digest_copy);
+    
+    rb_define_method(cDigest, "digest", ossl_digest_digest, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cDigest, "hexdigest", ossl_digest_hexdigest, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cDigest, "inspect", "hexdigest");
+    rb_define_alias(cDigest, "to_s", "hexdigest");
+    
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "update", ossl_digest_update, 1);
     rb_define_alias(cDigest, "<<", "update");
-    rb_define_private_method(cDigest, "finish", ossl_digest_finish, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cDigest, "digest_length", ossl_digest_size, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cDigest, "block_length", ossl_digest_block_length, 0);
-
+    
+    rb_define_method(cDigest, "==", ossl_digest_equal, 1);
+    
     rb_define_method(cDigest, "name", ossl_digest_name, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cDigest, "size", ossl_digest_size, 0);
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
index 8cc5b1bc56..8a1f7964f2 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_digest.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_DIGEST_H_)
 #define _OSSL_DIGEST_H_
 
+extern VALUE mDigest;
 extern VALUE cDigest;
 extern VALUE eDigestError;
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
index cd835d1237..71586e3620 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_engine.c
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ VALUE eEngineError;
  */
 #define OSSL_ENGINE_LOAD_IF_MATCH(x) \
 do{\
-  if(!strcmp(#x, RSTRING_PTR(name))){\
+  if(!strcmp(#x, RSTRING(name)->ptr)){\
     ENGINE_load_##x();\
     return Qtrue;\
   }\
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ ossl_engine_s_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     OSSL_ENGINE_LOAD_IF_MATCH(openbsd_dev_crypto);
 #endif
     OSSL_ENGINE_LOAD_IF_MATCH(openssl);
-    rb_warning("no such builtin loader for `%s'", RSTRING_PTR(name));
+    rb_warning("no such builtin loader for `%s'", RSTRING(name)->ptr);
     return Qnil;
 #endif /* HAVE_ENGINE_LOAD_BUILTIN_ENGINES */
 }
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ ossl_engine_s_by_id(VALUE klass, VALUE id)
 
     StringValue(id);
     ossl_engine_s_load(1, &id, klass);
-    if(!(e = ENGINE_by_id(RSTRING_PTR(id))))
+    if(!(e = ENGINE_by_id(RSTRING(id)->ptr)))
 	ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
     WrapEngine(klass, obj, e);
     if(rb_block_given_p()) rb_yield(obj);
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@ ossl_engine_ctrl_cmd(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &cmd, &val);
     StringValue(cmd);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) StringValue(val);
-    ret = ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, RSTRING_PTR(cmd),
-				 NIL_P(val) ? NULL : RSTRING_PTR(val), 0);
+    ret = ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, RSTRING(cmd)->ptr,
+				 NIL_P(val) ? NULL : RSTRING(val)->ptr, 0);
     if (!ret) ossl_raise(eEngineError, NULL);
 
     return self;
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
index ef77d6c427..312343e03d 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_hmac.c
@@ -57,12 +57,6 @@ ossl_hmac_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     HMAC.new(key, digest) -> hmac
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
 {
@@ -70,7 +64,7 @@ ossl_hmac_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
 
     StringValue(key);
     GetHMAC(self, ctx);
-    HMAC_Init_ex(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key),
+    HMAC_Init_ex(ctx, RSTRING(key)->ptr, RSTRING(key)->len,
 		 GetDigestPtr(digest), NULL);
 
     return self;
@@ -87,15 +81,12 @@ ossl_hmac_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     GetHMAC(self, ctx1);
     SafeGetHMAC(other, ctx2);
 
-    HMAC_CTX_copy(ctx1, ctx2);
+    if (!HMAC_CTX_copy(ctx1, ctx2)) {
+	ossl_raise(eHMACError, NULL);
+    }
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     hmac.update(string) -> self
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 {
@@ -103,7 +94,7 @@ ossl_hmac_update(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 
     StringValue(data);
     GetHMAC(self, ctx);
-    HMAC_Update(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
+    HMAC_Update(ctx, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len);
 
     return self;
 }
@@ -113,7 +104,9 @@ hmac_final(HMAC_CTX *ctx, char **buf, int *buf_len)
 {
     HMAC_CTX final;
 
-    HMAC_CTX_copy(&final, ctx);
+    if (!HMAC_CTX_copy(&final, ctx)) {
+	ossl_raise(eHMACError, NULL);
+    }
     if (!(*buf = OPENSSL_malloc(HMAC_size(&final)))) {
 	HMAC_CTX_cleanup(&final);
 	OSSL_Debug("Allocating %d mem", HMAC_size(&final));
@@ -123,11 +116,6 @@ hmac_final(HMAC_CTX *ctx, char **buf, int *buf_len)
     HMAC_CTX_cleanup(&final);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     hmac.digest -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_digest(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -143,11 +131,6 @@ ossl_hmac_digest(VALUE self)
     return digest;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     hmac.hexdigest -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_hexdigest(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -168,27 +151,6 @@ ossl_hmac_hexdigest(VALUE self)
     return hexdigest;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     hmac.reset -> self
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_hmac_reset(VALUE self)
-{
-    HMAC_CTX *ctx;
-
-    GetHMAC(self, ctx);
-    HMAC_Init_ex(ctx, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     HMAC.digest(digest, key, data) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_s_digest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
 {
@@ -197,17 +159,12 @@ ossl_hmac_s_digest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
 	
     StringValue(key);
     StringValue(data);
-    buf = HMAC(GetDigestPtr(digest), RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key),
-	       RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data), NULL, &buf_len);
+    buf = HMAC(GetDigestPtr(digest), RSTRING(key)->ptr, RSTRING(key)->len,
+	       RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len, NULL, &buf_len);
 
     return rb_str_new(buf, buf_len);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     HMAC.digest(digest, key, data) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_hmac_s_hexdigest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
 {
@@ -218,8 +175,8 @@ ossl_hmac_s_hexdigest(VALUE klass, VALUE digest, VALUE key, VALUE data)
     StringValue(key);
     StringValue(data);
 	
-    buf = HMAC(GetDigestPtr(digest), RSTRING_PTR(key), RSTRING_LEN(key),
-	       RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data), NULL, &buf_len);
+    buf = HMAC(GetDigestPtr(digest), RSTRING(key)->ptr, RSTRING(key)->len,
+	       RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len, NULL, &buf_len);
     if (string2hex(buf, buf_len, &hexbuf, NULL) != 2 * buf_len) {
 	ossl_raise(eHMACError, "Cannot convert buf to hexbuf");
     }
@@ -249,7 +206,6 @@ Init_ossl_hmac()
     rb_define_method(cHMAC, "initialize", ossl_hmac_initialize, 2);
     rb_define_copy_func(cHMAC, ossl_hmac_copy);
 
-    rb_define_method(cHMAC, "reset", ossl_hmac_reset, 0);
     rb_define_method(cHMAC, "update", ossl_hmac_update, 1);
     rb_define_alias(cHMAC, "<<", "update");
     rb_define_method(cHMAC, "digest", ossl_hmac_digest, 0);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
index 738a203d93..66e28374cc 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ns_spki.c
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ ossl_spki_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	return self;
     }
     StringValue(buffer);
-    if (!(spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(RSTRING_PTR(buffer), -1))) {
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(buffer);
-	if (!(spki = d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKI(NULL, &p, RSTRING_LEN(buffer)))) {
+    if (!(spki = NETSCAPE_SPKI_b64_decode(RSTRING(buffer)->ptr, -1))) {
+	p = RSTRING(buffer)->ptr;
+	if (!(spki = d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKI(NULL, &p, RSTRING(buffer)->len))) {
 	    ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
 	}
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ ossl_spki_to_der(VALUE self)
     if ((len = i2d_NETSCAPE_SPKI(spki, NULL)) <= 0)
         ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if (i2d_NETSCAPE_SPKI(spki, &p) <= 0)
         ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ ossl_spki_set_challenge(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 
     StringValue(str);
     GetSPKI(self, spki);
-    if (!ASN1_STRING_set(spki->spkac->challenge, RSTRING_PTR(str),
-			 RSTRING_LEN(str))) {
+    if (!ASN1_STRING_set(spki->spkac->challenge, RSTRING(str)->ptr,
+			 RSTRING(str)->len)) {
 	ossl_raise(eSPKIError, NULL);
     }
     
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
index 6365f08134..b5ea9dadf5 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ocsp.c
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ ossl_ocspreq_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if(!NIL_P(arg)){
 	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
 	StringValue(arg);
-	p = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+	p = (unsigned char*)RSTRING(arg)->ptr;
 	if(!d2i_OCSP_REQUEST((OCSP_REQUEST**)&DATA_PTR(self), &p,
-			     RSTRING_LEN(arg))){
+			     RSTRING(arg)->len)){
 	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "cannot load DER encoded request");
 	}
     }
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ ossl_ocspreq_add_nonce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     else{
 	StringValue(val);
 	GetOCSPReq(self, req);
-	ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LEN(val));
+	ret = OCSP_request_add1_nonce(req, RSTRING(val)->ptr, RSTRING(val)->len);
     }
     if(!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ ossl_ocspreq_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_OCSP_REQUEST(req, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_OCSP_REQUEST(req, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -316,9 +316,9 @@ ossl_ocspres_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if(!NIL_P(arg)){
 	arg = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
 	StringValue(arg);
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(arg);
+	p = RSTRING(arg)->ptr;
 	if(!d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE((OCSP_RESPONSE**)&DATA_PTR(self), &p,
-			      RSTRING_LEN(arg))){
+			      RSTRING(arg)->len)){
 	    ossl_raise(eOCSPError, "cannot load DER encoded response");
 	}
     }
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ ossl_ocspres_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_OCSP_RESPONSE(res, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_OCSP_RESPONSE(res, NULL) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_nonce(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     else{
 	StringValue(val);
 	GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
-	ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, RSTRING_PTR(val), RSTRING_LEN(val));
+	ret = OCSP_basic_add1_nonce(bs, RSTRING(val)->ptr, RSTRING(val)->len);
     }
     if(!ret) ossl_raise(eOCSPError, NULL);
 
@@ -461,8 +461,8 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_status(VALUE self, VALUE cid, VALUE status,
     if(!NIL_P(ext)){
 	/* All ary's members should be X509Extension */
 	Check_Type(ext, T_ARRAY);
-	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++)
-	    OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ext)[i], cX509Ext);
+	for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(ext)->len; i++)
+	    OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ext)->ptr[i], cX509Ext);
     }
 
     error = 0;
@@ -490,8 +490,8 @@ ossl_ocspbres_add_status(VALUE self, VALUE cid, VALUE status,
 	X509_EXTENSION *x509ext;
 	sk_X509_EXTENSION_pop_free(single->singleExtensions, X509_EXTENSION_free);
 	single->singleExtensions = NULL;
-	for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ext); i++){
-	    x509ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_PTR(ext)[i]);
+	for(i = 0; i < RARRAY(ext)->len; i++){
+	    x509ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY(ext)->ptr[i]);
 	    if(!OCSP_SINGLERESP_add_ext(single, x509ext, -1)){
 		X509_EXTENSION_free(x509ext);
 		error = 1;
@@ -589,22 +589,22 @@ ossl_ocspbres_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 ossl_ocspbres_verify(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE certs, store, flags, result;
+    VALUE certs, store, flags;
     OCSP_BASICRESP *bs;
     STACK_OF(X509) *x509s;
     X509_STORE *x509st;
-    int flg;
+    int flg, result;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &certs, &store, &flags);
     x509st = GetX509StorePtr(store);
     flg = NIL_P(flags) ? 0 : INT2NUM(flags);
     x509s = ossl_x509_ary2sk(certs);
     GetOCSPBasicRes(self, bs);
-    result = OCSP_basic_verify(bs, x509s, x509st, flg) > 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+    result = OCSP_basic_verify(bs, x509s, x509st, flg);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
     if(!result) rb_warn("%s", ERR_error_string(ERR_peek_error(), NULL));
 
-    return result;
+    return result ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
index 2ec69ba8db..e7d9954c5a 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 /*
  * Classes
  */
+VALUE mPKCS12;
 VALUE cPKCS12;
 VALUE ePKCS12Error;
 
@@ -48,85 +49,32 @@ ossl_pkcs12_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS12.create(pass, name, key, cert [, ca, [, key_pbe [, cert_pbe [, key_iter [, mac_iter [, keytype]]]]]])
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +pass+ - string
- * * +name+ - A string describing the key.
- * * +key+ - Any PKey.
- * * +cert+ - A X509::Certificate.
- * * * The public_key portion of the certificate must contain a valid public key.
- * * * The not_before and not_after fields must be filled in.
- * * +ca+ - An optional array of X509::Certificate's.
- * * +key_pbe+ - string
- * * +cert_pbe+ - string
- * * +key_iter+ - integer
- * * +mac_iter+ - integer
- * * +keytype+ - An integer representing an MSIE specific extension.
- *
- * Any optional arguments may be supplied as nil to preserve the OpenSSL defaults.
- *
- * See the OpenSSL documentation for PKCS12_create().
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs12_s_create(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
-    VALUE pass, name, pkey, cert, ca, key_nid, cert_nid, key_iter, mac_iter, keytype;
+    VALUE pass, name, pkey, cert, ca;
     VALUE obj;
     char *passphrase, *friendlyname;
     EVP_PKEY *key;
     X509 *x509;
     STACK_OF(X509) *x509s;
-    int nkey = 0, ncert = 0, kiter = 0, miter = 0, ktype = 0;
     PKCS12 *p12;
     
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "46", &pass, &name, &pkey, &cert, &ca, &key_nid, &cert_nid, &key_iter, &mac_iter, &keytype);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "41", &pass, &name, &pkey, &cert, &ca);
     passphrase = NIL_P(pass) ? NULL : StringValuePtr(pass);
     friendlyname = NIL_P(name) ? NULL : StringValuePtr(name);
     key = GetPKeyPtr(pkey);
     x509 = GetX509CertPtr(cert);
     x509s = NIL_P(ca) ? NULL : ossl_x509_ary2sk(ca);
-/* TODO: make a VALUE to nid function */
-    if (!NIL_P(key_nid)) {
-        if ((nkey = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValuePtr(key_nid))) == NID_undef)
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %s", StringValuePtr(key_nid));
-    }
-    if (!NIL_P(cert_nid)) {
-        if ((ncert = OBJ_txt2nid(StringValuePtr(cert_nid))) == NID_undef)
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Unknown PBE algorithm %s", StringValuePtr(cert_nid));
-    }
-    if (!NIL_P(key_iter))
-        kiter = NUM2INT(key_iter);
-    if (!NIL_P(mac_iter))
-        miter = NUM2INT(mac_iter);
-    if (!NIL_P(keytype))
-        ktype = NUM2INT(keytype);
-
     p12 = PKCS12_create(passphrase, friendlyname, key, x509, x509s,
-                        nkey, ncert, kiter, miter, ktype);
+                        0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
     sk_X509_pop_free(x509s, X509_free);
     if(!p12) ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     WrapPKCS12(cPKCS12, obj, p12);
 
-    ossl_pkcs12_set_key(obj, pkey);
-    ossl_pkcs12_set_cert(obj, cert);
-    ossl_pkcs12_set_ca_certs(obj, ca);
-
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS12.new -> pkcs12
- *    PKCS12.new(str) -> pkcs12
- *    PKCS12.new(str, pass) -> pkcs12
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +str+ - Must be a DER encoded PKCS12 string.
- * * +pass+ - string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs12_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -146,7 +94,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 
     pkey = cert = ca = Qnil;
     if(!PKCS12_parse((PKCS12*)DATA_PTR(self), passphrase, &key, &x509, &x509s))
-	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, "PKCS12_parse");
+	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     pkey = rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))ossl_pkey_new, (VALUE)key,
 		      &st); /* NO DUP */
     if(st) goto err;
@@ -181,7 +129,7 @@ ossl_pkcs12_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_PKCS12(p12, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_PKCS12(p12, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(ePKCS12Error, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -192,14 +140,10 @@ ossl_pkcs12_to_der(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_pkcs12()
 {
-    /*
-     * Defines a file format commonly used to store private keys with
-     * accompanying public key certificates, protected with a password-based
-     * symmetric key.
-     */
-    cPKCS12 = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "PKCS12", rb_cObject);
-    ePKCS12Error = rb_define_class_under(cPKCS12, "PKCS12Error", eOSSLError);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS12, "create", ossl_pkcs12_s_create, -1);
+    mPKCS12 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKCS12");
+    cPKCS12 = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS12, "PKCS12", rb_cObject);
+    ePKCS12Error = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS12, "PKCS12Error", eOSSLError);
+    rb_define_module_function(mPKCS12, "create", ossl_pkcs12_s_create, -1);
 
     rb_define_alloc_func(cPKCS12, ossl_pkcs12_s_allocate);
     rb_attr(cPKCS12, rb_intern("key"), 1, 0, Qfalse);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.h
index 24d25d00bb..01dde2bc30 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs12.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_PKCS12_H_)
 #define _OSSL_PKCS12_H_
 
+extern VALUE mPKCS12;
 extern VALUE cPKCS12;
 extern VALUE ePKCS12Error;
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 007889fc94..0000000000
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs5.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * $Id$
- * Copyright (C) 2007 Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
- */
-#include "ossl.h"
-
-VALUE mPKCS5;
-VALUE ePKCS5;
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac(pass, salt, iter, keylen, digest) => string
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +pass+ - string
- * * +salt+ - string
- * * +iter+ - integer - should be greater than 1000.  2000 is better.
- * * +keylen+ - integer
- * * +digest+ - a string or OpenSSL::Digest object.
- *
- * Available in OpenSSL 0.9.9?.
- *
- * Digests other than SHA1 may not be supported by other cryptography libraries.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac(VALUE self, VALUE pass, VALUE salt, VALUE iter, VALUE keylen, VALUE digest)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC
-    VALUE str;
-    const EVP_MD *md;
-    int len = NUM2INT(keylen);
-
-    StringValue(pass);
-    StringValue(salt);
-    md = GetDigestPtr(digest);
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-
-    if (PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC(RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LEN(pass), RSTRING_PTR(salt), RSTRING_LEN(salt), NUM2INT(iter), md, len, RSTRING_PTR(str)) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(ePKCS5, "PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC");
-
-    return str;
-#else
-    rb_notimplement();
-#endif
-}
-
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS5.pbkdf2_hmac_sha1(pass, salt, iter, keylen) => string
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +pass+ - string
- * * +salt+ - string
- * * +iter+ - integer - should be greater than 1000.  2000 is better.
- * * +keylen+ - integer
- *
- * This method is available almost any version OpenSSL.
- *
- * Conforms to rfc2898.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac_sha1(VALUE self, VALUE pass, VALUE salt, VALUE iter, VALUE keylen)
-{
-#ifdef HAVE_PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA1
-    VALUE str;
-    int len = NUM2INT(keylen);
-
-    StringValue(pass);
-    StringValue(salt);
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-
-    if (PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA1(RSTRING_PTR(pass), RSTRING_LEN(pass), RSTRING_PTR(salt), RSTRING_LEN(salt), NUM2INT(iter), len, RSTRING_PTR(str)) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(ePKCS5, "PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA1");
-
-    return str;
-#else
-    rb_notimplement();
-#endif
-}
-
-void
-Init_ossl_pkcs5()
-{
-    /*
-     * Password-based Encryption
-     *
-     */
-    mPKCS5 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKCS5");
-    ePKCS5 = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS5, "PKCS5Error", eOSSLError);
-
-    rb_define_module_function(mPKCS5, "pbkdf2_hmac", ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac, 5);
-    rb_define_module_function(mPKCS5, "pbkdf2_hmac_sha1", ossl_pkcs5_pbkdf2_hmac_sha1, 4);
-}
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
index 6918844779..0fcabd7777 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.c
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 /* 
  * Classes
  */
+VALUE mPKCS7;
 VALUE cPKCS7;
 VALUE cPKCS7Signer;
 VALUE cPKCS7Recipient;
@@ -133,8 +134,7 @@ DupPKCS7RecipientPtr(VALUE obj)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS7.read_smime(string) => pkcs7
+ * Private
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_s_read_smime(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
@@ -156,10 +156,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_read_smime(VALUE klass, VALUE arg)
     return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS7.write_smime(pkcs7 [, data [, flags]]) => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_s_write_smime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -191,10 +187,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_write_smime(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS7.sign(cert, key, data, [, certs [, flags]]) => pkcs7
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_s_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -234,10 +226,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_s_sign(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS7.encrypt(certs, data, [, cipher [, flags]]) => pkcs7
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -299,13 +287,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    PKCS7.new => pkcs7
- *    PKCS7.new(string) => pkcs7
- *
- * Many methods in this class aren't documented.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -354,7 +335,7 @@ static int
 ossl_pkcs7_sym2typeid(VALUE sym)
 {
     int i, ret = Qnil;
-    const char *s;
+    char *s;
 
     static struct {
         const char *name;
@@ -383,10 +364,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_sym2typeid(VALUE sym)
     return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    pkcs7.type = type => type
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_set_type(VALUE self, VALUE type)
 {
@@ -399,10 +376,6 @@ ossl_pkcs7_set_type(VALUE self, VALUE type)
     return type;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    pkcs7.type => string or nil
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_pkcs7_get_type(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -610,7 +583,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_set_certificates(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 
     certs = pkcs7_get_certs_or_crls(self, 1);
     while((cert = sk_X509_pop(certs))) X509_free(cert);
-    rb_block_call(ary, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_pkcs7_set_certs_i, self);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, ary, ossl_pkcs7_set_certs_i, self);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -650,7 +623,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_set_crls(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 
     crls = pkcs7_get_certs_or_crls(self, 0);
     while((crl = sk_X509_CRL_pop(crls))) X509_CRL_free(crl);
-    rb_block_call(ary, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_pkcs7_set_crls_i, self);
+    rb_iterate(rb_each, ary, ossl_pkcs7_set_crls_i, self);
 
     return ary;
 }
@@ -778,7 +751,7 @@ ossl_pkcs7_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_PKCS7(pkcs7, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_PKCS7(pkcs7, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(ePKCS7Error, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -953,12 +926,15 @@ ossl_pkcs7ri_get_enc_key(VALUE self)
 void
 Init_ossl_pkcs7()
 {
-    cPKCS7 = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "PKCS7", rb_cObject);
-    ePKCS7Error = rb_define_class_under(cPKCS7, "PKCS7Error", eOSSLError);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS7, "read_smime", ossl_pkcs7_s_read_smime, 1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS7, "write_smime", ossl_pkcs7_s_write_smime, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS7, "sign",  ossl_pkcs7_s_sign, -1);
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cPKCS7, "encrypt", ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt, -1);
+    mPKCS7 = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKCS7");
+
+    ePKCS7Error = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS7, "PKCS7Error", eOSSLError);
+
+    cPKCS7 = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS7, "PKCS7", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mPKCS7, "read_smime", ossl_pkcs7_s_read_smime, 1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mPKCS7, "write_smime", ossl_pkcs7_s_write_smime, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mPKCS7, "sign",  ossl_pkcs7_s_sign, -1);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(mPKCS7, "encrypt", ossl_pkcs7_s_encrypt, -1);
     rb_attr(cPKCS7, rb_intern("data"), 1, 0, Qfalse);
     rb_attr(cPKCS7, rb_intern("error_string"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cPKCS7, ossl_pkcs7_alloc);
@@ -988,8 +964,8 @@ Init_ossl_pkcs7()
     rb_define_alias(cPKCS7,  "to_s", "to_pem");
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7, "to_der", ossl_pkcs7_to_der, 0);
 
-    cPKCS7Signer = rb_define_class_under(cPKCS7, "SignerInfo", rb_cObject);
-    rb_define_const(cPKCS7, "Signer", cPKCS7Signer);
+    cPKCS7Signer = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS7, "SignerInfo", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_const(mPKCS7, "Signer", cPKCS7Signer);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cPKCS7Signer, ossl_pkcs7si_alloc);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Signer, "initialize", ossl_pkcs7si_initialize,3);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Signer, "issuer", ossl_pkcs7si_get_issuer, 0);
@@ -997,14 +973,14 @@ Init_ossl_pkcs7()
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Signer, "serial", ossl_pkcs7si_get_serial,0);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Signer,"signed_time",ossl_pkcs7si_get_signed_time,0);
 
-    cPKCS7Recipient = rb_define_class_under(cPKCS7,"RecipientInfo",rb_cObject);
+    cPKCS7Recipient = rb_define_class_under(mPKCS7,"RecipientInfo",rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cPKCS7Recipient, ossl_pkcs7ri_alloc);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Recipient, "initialize", ossl_pkcs7ri_initialize,1); 
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Recipient, "issuer", ossl_pkcs7ri_get_issuer,0);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Recipient, "serial", ossl_pkcs7ri_get_serial,0);
     rb_define_method(cPKCS7Recipient, "enc_key", ossl_pkcs7ri_get_enc_key,0); 
 
-#define DefPKCS7Const(x) rb_define_const(cPKCS7, #x, INT2NUM(PKCS7_##x))
+#define DefPKCS7Const(x) rb_define_const(mPKCS7, #x, INT2NUM(PKCS7_##x))
 
     DefPKCS7Const(TEXT);
     DefPKCS7Const(NOCERTS);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.h
index 371c421103..f5942d65db 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkcs7.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_PKCS7_H_)
 #define _OSSL_PKCS7_H_
 
+extern VALUE mPKCS7;
 extern VALUE cPKCS7;
 extern VALUE cPKCS7Signer;
 extern VALUE cPKCS7Recipient;
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
index b295cfc25e..d54f5b938e 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.c
@@ -55,10 +55,6 @@ ossl_pkey_new(EVP_PKEY *pkey)
     case EVP_PKEY_DH:
 	return ossl_dh_new(pkey);
 #endif
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x0090802fL)
-    case EVP_PKEY_EC:
-	return ossl_ec_new(pkey);
-#endif
     default:
 	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "unsupported key type");
     }
@@ -72,7 +68,7 @@ ossl_pkey_new_from_file(VALUE filename)
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
 
     SafeStringValue(filename);
-    if (!(fp = fopen(RSTRING_PTR(filename), "r"))) {
+    if (!(fp = fopen(RSTRING(filename)->ptr, "r"))) {
 	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, "%s", strerror(errno));
     }
 
@@ -112,7 +108,7 @@ EVP_PKEY *
 DupPKeyPtr(VALUE obj)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-	
+
     SafeGetPKey(obj, pkey);
     CRYPTO_add(&pkey->references, 1, CRYPTO_LOCK_EVP_PKEY);
 
@@ -173,12 +169,13 @@ ossl_pkey_sign(VALUE self, VALUE digest, VALUE data)
     GetPKey(self, pkey);
     EVP_SignInit(&ctx, GetDigestPtr(digest));
     StringValue(data);
-    EVP_SignUpdate(&ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
+    EVP_SignUpdate(&ctx, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len);
     str = rb_str_new(0, EVP_PKEY_size(pkey)+16);
-    if (!EVP_SignFinal(&ctx, RSTRING_PTR(str), &buf_len, pkey))
+    if (!EVP_SignFinal(&ctx, RSTRING(str)->ptr, &buf_len, pkey))
 	ossl_raise(ePKeyError, NULL);
-    assert(buf_len <= RSTRING_LEN(str));
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    assert(buf_len <= RSTRING(str)->len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -193,8 +190,8 @@ ossl_pkey_verify(VALUE self, VALUE digest, VALUE sig, VALUE data)
     EVP_VerifyInit(&ctx, GetDigestPtr(digest));
     StringValue(sig);
     StringValue(data);
-    EVP_VerifyUpdate(&ctx, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
-    switch (EVP_VerifyFinal(&ctx, RSTRING_PTR(sig), RSTRING_LEN(sig), pkey)) {
+    EVP_VerifyUpdate(&ctx, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len);
+    switch (EVP_VerifyFinal(&ctx, RSTRING(sig)->ptr, RSTRING(sig)->len, pkey)) {
     case 0:
 	return Qfalse;
     case 1:
@@ -230,11 +227,10 @@ Init_ossl_pkey()
     id_private_q = rb_intern("private?");
 	
     /*
-     * INIT rsa, dsa, dh, ec
+     * INIT rsa, dsa
      */
     Init_ossl_rsa();
     Init_ossl_dsa();
     Init_ossl_dh();
-    Init_ossl_ec();
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
index 67ff1fddd0..880a104675 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey.h
@@ -77,24 +77,7 @@ extern DH *OSSL_DEFAULT_DH_1024;
 VALUE ossl_dh_new(EVP_PKEY *);
 void Init_ossl_dh(void);
 
-/*
- * EC
- */
-extern VALUE cEC;
-extern VALUE eECError;
-extern VALUE cEC_GROUP;
-extern VALUE eEC_GROUP;
-extern VALUE cEC_POINT;
-extern VALUE eEC_POINT;
-VALUE ossl_ec_new(EVP_PKEY *);
-void Init_ossl_ec(void);
-
-
 #define OSSL_PKEY_BN(keytype, name)					\
-/*									\
- *  call-seq:								\
- *     key.##name -> aBN						\
- */									\
 static VALUE ossl_##keytype##_get_##name(VALUE self)			\
 {									\
 	EVP_PKEY *pkey;							\
@@ -106,10 +89,6 @@ static VALUE ossl_##keytype##_get_##name(VALUE self)			\
 		return Qnil;						\
 	return ossl_bn_new(bn);						\
 }									\
-/*									\
- *  call-seq:								\
- *     key.##name = bn -> bn						\
- */									\
 static VALUE ossl_##keytype##_set_##name(VALUE self, VALUE bignum)	\
 {									\
 	EVP_PKEY *pkey;							\
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
index 02c3d99ed8..e16ede8bba 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dh.c
@@ -99,15 +99,6 @@ dh_generate(int size, int gen)
     return dh;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     DH.generate(size [, generator]) -> dh
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.  Keys smaller than 1024 should be considered insecure.
- *  * +generator+ is a small number > 1, typically 2 or 5.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_s_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
@@ -116,9 +107,9 @@ ossl_dh_s_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     VALUE size, gen, obj;
 	
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &size, &gen) == 2) {
-	g = NUM2INT(gen);
+	g = FIX2INT(gen);
     }
-    dh = dh_generate(NUM2INT(size), g);
+    dh = dh_generate(FIX2INT(size), g);
     obj = dh_instance(klass, dh);
     if (obj == Qfalse) {
 	DH_free(dh);
@@ -128,21 +119,6 @@ ossl_dh_s_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     DH.new([size [, generator] | string]) -> dh
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.  Keys smaller than 1024 should be considered insecure.
- *  * +generator+ is a small number > 1, typically 2 or 5.
- *  * +string+ contains the DER or PEM encoded key.
- *
- *  === Examples
- *  * DH.new -> dh
- *  * DH.new(1024) -> dh
- *  * DH.new(1024, 5) -> dh
- *  * DH.new(File.read('key.pem')) -> dh
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -158,7 +134,7 @@ ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     }
     else if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
 	if (!NIL_P(gen)) {
-	    g = NUM2INT(gen);
+	    g = FIX2INT(gen);
 	}
 	if (!(dh = dh_generate(FIX2INT(arg), g))) {
 	    ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
@@ -182,26 +158,19 @@ ossl_dh_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.public? -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_is_public(VALUE self)
 {
     EVP_PKEY *pkey;
 
     GetPKeyDH(self, pkey);
-
+    /*
+     * Do we need to check dhp->dh->public_pkey?
+     * return Qtrue;
+     */
     return (pkey->pkey.dh->pub_key) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.private? -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_is_private(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -212,11 +181,6 @@ ossl_dh_is_private(VALUE self)
     return (DH_PRIVATE(pkey->pkey.dh)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.to_pem -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_export(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -237,11 +201,6 @@ ossl_dh_export(VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.to_der -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_to_der(VALUE self)
 {       
@@ -254,7 +213,7 @@ ossl_dh_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_DHparams(pkey->pkey.dh, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_DHparams(pkey->pkey.dh, &p) < 0)
 	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -263,9 +222,6 @@ ossl_dh_to_der(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.params -> hash
- *
  * Stores all parameters of key to the hash
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (I's up to you)
@@ -289,9 +245,6 @@ ossl_dh_get_params(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.to_text -> aString
- *
  * Prints all parameters of key to buffer
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (I's up to you)
@@ -317,10 +270,7 @@ ossl_dh_to_text(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.public_key -> aDH
- *
- *  Makes new instance DH PUBLIC_KEY from PRIVATE_KEY
+ * Makes new instance DH PUBLIC_KEY from PRIVATE_KEY
  */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_to_public_key(VALUE self)
@@ -340,11 +290,6 @@ ossl_dh_to_public_key(VALUE self)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.check_params -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_check_params(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -362,11 +307,6 @@ ossl_dh_check_params(VALUE self)
     return codes == 0 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.generate_key -> self
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_generate_key(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -381,18 +321,6 @@ ossl_dh_generate_key(VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     dh.compute_key(pub_bn) -> aString
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +pub_bn+ is a OpenSSL::BN.
- *
- *  Returns aString containing a shared secret computed from the other parties public value.
- *
- *  See DH_compute_key() for further information.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dh_compute_key(VALUE self, VALUE pub)
 {
@@ -407,10 +335,11 @@ ossl_dh_compute_key(VALUE self, VALUE pub)
     pub_key = GetBNPtr(pub);
     len = DH_size(dh);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    if ((len = DH_compute_key(RSTRING_PTR(str), pub_key, dh)) < 0) {
+    if ((len = DH_compute_key(RSTRING(str)->ptr, pub_key, dh)) < 0) {
 	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
     }
-    rb_str_set_len(str, len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
@@ -438,7 +367,7 @@ static unsigned char DEFAULT_DH_512_PRIM[] = {
 };
 static unsigned char DEFAULT_DH_512_GEN[] = { 0x02 }; 
 DH *OSSL_DEFAULT_DH_512 = NULL;
-  
+
 /* 
  * -----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----
  * MIGHAoGBAJ0lOVy0VIr/JebWn0zDwY2h+rqITFOpdNr6ugsgvkDXuucdcChhYExJ
@@ -477,7 +406,7 @@ ossl_create_dh(unsigned char *p, size_t plen, unsigned char *g, size_t glen)
     dh->g = BN_bin2bn(g, glen, NULL);
     if (dh->p == NULL || dh->g == NULL){
         DH_free(dh);
-	ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
+        ossl_raise(eDHError, NULL);
     }
 
     return dh;
@@ -524,9 +453,11 @@ Init_ossl_dh()
 }
 
 #else /* defined NO_DH */
+#   warning >>> OpenSSL is compiled without DH support <<<
 void
 Init_ossl_dh()
 {
+    rb_warning("OpenSSL is compiled without DH support");
 }
 #endif /* NO_DH */
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
index d9c7fcbe78..fdf23aa496 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_dsa.c
@@ -99,18 +99,10 @@ dsa_generate(int size)
     return dsa;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    DSA.generate(size) -> dsa
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_s_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE size)
 {
-    DSA *dsa = dsa_generate(NUM2INT(size)); /* err handled by dsa_instance */
+    DSA *dsa = dsa_generate(FIX2INT(size)); /* err handled by dsa_instance */
     VALUE obj = dsa_instance(klass, dsa);
 
     if (obj == Qfalse) {
@@ -121,22 +113,6 @@ ossl_dsa_s_generate(VALUE klass, VALUE size)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    DSA.new([size | string [, pass]) -> dsa
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.
- *  * +string+ contains a DER or PEM encoded key.
- *  * +pass+ is a string that contains a optional password.
- *
- *  === Examples
- *  * DSA.new -> dsa
- *  * DSA.new(1024) -> dsa
- *  * DSA.new(File.read('dsa.pem')) -> dsa
- *  * DSA.new(File.read('dsa.pem'), 'mypassword') -> dsa
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -187,11 +163,6 @@ ossl_dsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.public? -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_is_public(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -199,14 +170,13 @@ ossl_dsa_is_public(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKeyDSA(self, pkey);
 
+    /*
+     * Do we need to check dsap->dsa->public_pkey?
+     * return Qtrue;
+     */
     return (pkey->pkey.dsa->pub_key) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.private? -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_is_private(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -217,19 +187,6 @@ ossl_dsa_is_private(VALUE self)
     return (DSA_PRIVATE(self, pkey->pkey.dsa)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.to_pem([cipher, password]) -> aString
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  +cipher+ is an OpenSSL::Cipher.
- *  +password+ is a string containing your password.
- *
- *  === Examples
- *  * DSA.to_pem -> aString
- *  * DSA.to_pem(cipher, 'mypassword') -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -267,11 +224,6 @@ ossl_dsa_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.to_der -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -289,7 +241,7 @@ ossl_dsa_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_func(pkey->pkey.dsa, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eDSAError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_func(pkey->pkey.dsa, &p) < 0)
 	ossl_raise(eDSAError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -298,9 +250,6 @@ ossl_dsa_to_der(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.params -> hash
- *
  * Stores all parameters of key to the hash
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (I's up to you)
@@ -325,9 +274,6 @@ ossl_dsa_get_params(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.to_text -> aString
- *
  * Prints all parameters of key to buffer
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (I's up to you)
@@ -353,9 +299,6 @@ ossl_dsa_to_text(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.public_key -> aDSA
- *
  * Makes new instance DSA PUBLIC_KEY from PRIVATE_KEY
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -378,11 +321,6 @@ ossl_dsa_to_public_key(VALUE self)
 
 #define ossl_dsa_buf_size(pkey) (DSA_size((pkey)->pkey.dsa)+16)
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.syssign(string) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_sign(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 {
@@ -396,20 +334,16 @@ ossl_dsa_sign(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 	ossl_raise(eDSAError, "Private DSA key needed!");
     }
     str = rb_str_new(0, ossl_dsa_buf_size(pkey));
-    if (!DSA_sign(0, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data), RSTRING_PTR(str),
+    if (!DSA_sign(0, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len, RSTRING(str)->ptr,
 		  &buf_len, pkey->pkey.dsa)) { /* type is ignored (0) */
 	ossl_raise(eDSAError, NULL);
     }
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *    dsa.sysverify(digest, sig) -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_dsa_verify(VALUE self, VALUE digest, VALUE sig)
 {
@@ -420,8 +354,8 @@ ossl_dsa_verify(VALUE self, VALUE digest, VALUE sig)
     StringValue(digest);
     StringValue(sig);
     /* type is ignored (0) */
-    ret = DSA_verify(0, RSTRING_PTR(digest), RSTRING_LEN(digest),
-		     RSTRING_PTR(sig), RSTRING_LEN(sig), pkey->pkey.dsa);
+    ret = DSA_verify(0, RSTRING(digest)->ptr, RSTRING(digest)->len,
+		     RSTRING(sig)->ptr, RSTRING(sig)->len, pkey->pkey.dsa);
     if (ret < 0) {
 	ossl_raise(eDSAError, NULL);
     }
@@ -477,8 +411,12 @@ Init_ossl_dsa()
 }
 
 #else /* defined NO_DSA */
+#   warning >>> OpenSSL is compiled without DSA support <<<
+
 void
 Init_ossl_dsa()
 {
+    rb_warning("OpenSSL is compiled without DSA support");
 }
+
 #endif /* NO_DSA */
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 210054121d..0000000000
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_ec.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1582 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2006-2007 Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
- */
-
-#include "ossl.h"
-
-#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x0090802fL)
-
-typedef struct {
-	EC_GROUP *group;
-	int dont_free;
-} ossl_ec_group;
-
-typedef struct {
-	EC_POINT *point;
-	int dont_free;
-} ossl_ec_point;
-
-
-#define EXPORT_PEM 0
-#define EXPORT_DER 1
-
-
-#define GetPKeyEC(obj, pkey) do { \
-    GetPKey(obj, pkey); \
-    if (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type) != EVP_PKEY_EC) { \
-	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "THIS IS NOT A EC PKEY!"); \
-    } \
-} while (0)
-
-#define SafeGet_ec_group(obj, group) do { \
-    OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cEC_GROUP); \
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, ossl_ec_group, group); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define Get_EC_KEY(obj, key) do { \
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey; \
-    GetPKeyEC(obj, pkey); \
-    key = pkey->pkey.ec; \
-} while(0)
-
-#define Require_EC_KEY(obj, key) do { \
-    Get_EC_KEY(obj, key); \
-    if (key == NULL) \
-        rb_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY is not initialized"); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define SafeRequire_EC_KEY(obj, key) do { \
-    OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cEC); \
-    Require_EC_KEY(obj, key); \
-} while (0)
-
-#define Get_EC_GROUP(obj, g) do { \
-    ossl_ec_group *ec_group; \
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, ossl_ec_group, ec_group); \
-    if (ec_group == NULL) \
-        rb_raise(eEC_GROUP, "missing ossl_ec_group structure"); \
-    g = ec_group->group; \
-} while(0)
-
-#define Require_EC_GROUP(obj, group) do { \
-    Get_EC_GROUP(obj, group); \
-    if (group == NULL) \
-        rb_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP is not initialized"); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(obj, group) do { \
-    OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cEC_GROUP); \
-    Require_EC_GROUP(obj, group); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define Get_EC_POINT(obj, p) do { \
-    ossl_ec_point *ec_point; \
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, ossl_ec_point, ec_point); \
-    if (ec_point == NULL) \
-        rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "missing ossl_ec_point structure"); \
-    p = ec_point->point; \
-} while(0)
-
-#define Require_EC_POINT(obj, point) do { \
-    Get_EC_POINT(obj, point); \
-    if (point == NULL) \
-        rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT is not initialized"); \
-} while(0)
-
-#define SafeRequire_EC_POINT(obj, point) do { \
-    OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cEC_POINT); \
-    Require_EC_POINT(obj, point); \
-} while(0)
-
-VALUE cEC;
-VALUE eECError;
-VALUE cEC_GROUP;
-VALUE eEC_GROUP;
-VALUE cEC_POINT;
-VALUE eEC_POINT;
-
-static ID s_GFp;
-static ID s_GFp_simple;
-static ID s_GFp_mont;
-static ID s_GFp_nist;
-static ID s_GF2m;
-static ID s_GF2m_simple;
-
-static ID ID_uncompressed;
-static ID ID_compressed;
-static ID ID_hybrid;
-
-static VALUE ec_instance(VALUE klass, EC_KEY *ec)
-{
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    VALUE obj;
-	
-    if (!ec) {
-	return Qfalse;
-    }
-    if (!(pkey = EVP_PKEY_new())) {
-	return Qfalse;
-    }
-    if (!EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey, ec)) {
-	EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
-	return Qfalse;
-    }
-    WrapPKey(klass, obj, pkey);
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-VALUE ossl_ec_new(EVP_PKEY *pkey)
-{
-    VALUE obj;
-
-    if (!pkey) {
-	obj = ec_instance(cEC, EC_KEY_new());
-    } else {
-	if (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type) != EVP_PKEY_EC) {
-	    ossl_raise(rb_eTypeError, "Not a EC key!");
-	}
-	WrapPKey(cEC, obj, pkey);
-    }
-    if (obj == Qfalse) {
-	ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
-    }
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new()
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new(ec_key)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new(ec_group)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new("secp112r1")
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new(pem_string)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC.new(der_string)
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for:
- *     EC_KEY_*
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
-    EC_KEY *ec = NULL;
-    VALUE arg, pass;
-    VALUE group = Qnil;
-	
-    GetPKey(self, pkey);
-    if (pkey->pkey.ec)
-        rb_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY already initialized");
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &arg, &pass);
-
-    if (NIL_P(arg)) {
-        ec = EC_KEY_new();
-    } else {
-        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg, cEC)) {
-            EC_KEY *other_ec = NULL;
-
-            SafeRequire_EC_KEY(arg, other_ec);
-            ec = EC_KEY_dup(other_ec);
-        } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg, cEC_GROUP)) {
-        	ec = EC_KEY_new();
-        	group = arg;
-        } else {
-            BIO *in = ossl_obj2bio(arg);
-
-            ec = PEM_read_bio_ECPrivateKey(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-            if (!ec) {
-                BIO_reset(in);
-                ec = PEM_read_bio_EC_PUBKEY(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-            }
-            if (!ec) {
-                BIO_reset(in);
-                ec = d2i_ECPrivateKey_bio(in, NULL);
-            }
-            if (!ec) {
-                BIO_reset(in);
-                ec = d2i_EC_PUBKEY_bio(in, NULL);
-            }
-
-            BIO_free(in);
-
-            if (ec == NULL) {
-                const char *name = STR2CSTR(arg);
-                int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(name);
-
-                if (nid == NID_undef)
-                    ossl_raise(eECError, "unknown curve name (%s)\n", name);
-
-                if ((ec = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(nid)) == NULL)
-                    ossl_raise(eECError, "unable to create curve (%s)\n", name);
-
-                EC_KEY_set_asn1_flag(ec, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
-                EC_KEY_set_conv_form(ec, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (ec == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
-
-    if (!EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey, ec)) {
-	EC_KEY_free(ec);
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY");
-    }
-
-    rb_iv_set(self, "@group", Qnil);
-
-    if (!NIL_P(group))
-        rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("group="), 1, arg);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.group   => group
- *
- *  Returns a constant <code>OpenSSL::EC::Group</code> that is tied to the key.
- *  Modifying the returned group can make the key invalid.
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_get_group(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE group_v;
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    ossl_ec_group *ec_group;
-    EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    if (!NIL_P(group_v))
-        return group_v;
-
-    if ((group = (EC_GROUP *)EC_KEY_get0_group(ec)) != NULL) {
-        group_v = rb_obj_alloc(cEC_GROUP);
-        SafeGet_ec_group(group_v, ec_group);
-        ec_group->group = group;
-        ec_group->dont_free = 1;
-        rb_iv_set(group_v, "@key", self);
-        rb_iv_set(self, "@group", group_v);
-        return group_v;
-    }
-
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.group = group   => group
- *
- *  Returns the same object passed, not the group object associated with the key.
- *  If you wish to access the group object tied to the key call key.group after setting
- *  the group.
- *
- *  Setting the group will immediately destroy any previously assigned group object.
- *  The group is internally copied by OpenSSL.  Modifying the original group after 
- *  assignment will not effect the internal key structure.
- *  (your changes may be lost).  BE CAREFUL.
- *
- *  EC_KEY_set_group calls EC_GROUP_free(key->group) then EC_GROUP_dup(), not EC_GROUP_copy.
- *  This documentation is accurate for OpenSSL 0.9.8b.
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_group(VALUE self, VALUE group_v)
-{
-    VALUE old_group_v;
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    old_group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    if (!NIL_P(old_group_v)) {
-        ossl_ec_group *old_ec_group;
-        SafeGet_ec_group(old_group_v, old_ec_group);
-
-        old_ec_group->group = NULL;
-        old_ec_group->dont_free = 0;
-        rb_iv_set(old_group_v, "@key", Qnil);
-    }
-
-    rb_iv_set(self, "@group", Qnil);
-
-    if (EC_KEY_set_group(ec, group) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_group");
-
-    return group_v;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.private_key   => OpenSSL::BN
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_get0_private_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_get_private_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    const BIGNUM *bn;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    if ((bn = EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec)) == NULL)
-        return Qnil;
-
-    return ossl_bn_new(bn);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.private_key = openssl_bn
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_set_private_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE private_key)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    BIGNUM *bn = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    if (!NIL_P(private_key))
-        bn = GetBNPtr(private_key);
-
-    switch (EC_KEY_set_private_key(ec, bn)) {
-    case 1:
-        break;
-    case 0:
-        if (bn == NULL)
-            break;
-    default:
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_private_key");
-    }
-
-    return private_key;
-}
-
-
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_dup(const EC_POINT *point, VALUE group_v)
-{
-    VALUE obj;
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-    ossl_ec_point *new_point;
-
-    obj = rb_obj_alloc(cEC_POINT);
-    Data_Get_Struct(obj, ossl_ec_point, new_point);
-
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    new_point->point = EC_POINT_dup(point, group);
-    if (new_point->point == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_dup");
-    rb_iv_set(obj, "@group", group_v);
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.public_key   => OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_get0_public_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_get_public_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    const EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    if ((point = EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec)) == NULL)
-        return Qnil;
-
-    group = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("group"), 0);
-    if (NIL_P(group))
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_get0_get0_group (has public_key but no group???");
-
-    return ossl_ec_point_dup(point, group);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.public_key = ec_point
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_set_public_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE public_key)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    EC_POINT *point = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    if (!NIL_P(public_key))
-        SafeRequire_EC_POINT(public_key, point);
-
-    switch (EC_KEY_set_public_key(ec, point)) {
-    case 1:
-        break;
-    case 0:
-        if (point == NULL)
-            break;
-    default:
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_set_public_key");
-    }
-
-    return public_key;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.public_key? => true or false
- *
- *  Both public_key? and private_key? may return false at the same time unlike other PKey classes.
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_is_public_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    return (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.private_key? => true or false
- *
- *  Both public_key? and private_key? may return false at the same time unlike other PKey classes.
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_is_private_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    return (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
-}
-
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_to_string(VALUE self, int format)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    BIO *out;
-    int i = -1;
-    int private = 0;
-    EVP_CIPHER *cipher = NULL;
-    char *password = NULL;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    if (EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec) == NULL)
-        rb_raise(eECError, "can't export - no public key set");
-
-    if (EC_KEY_check_key(ec) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "can't export - EC_KEY_check_key failed");
-
-    if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec))
-        private = 1;
-
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
-
-    switch(format) {
-    case EXPORT_PEM:
-    	if (private) {
-    	    if (cipher || password)
-/* BUG: finish cipher/password key export */
-    	        rb_notimplement();
-            i = PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey(out, ec, cipher, NULL, 0, NULL, password);
-    	} else {
-    	    if (cipher || password)
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "encryption is not supported when exporting this key type");
-
-            i = PEM_write_bio_EC_PUBKEY(out, ec);
-        }
-
-    	break;
-    case EXPORT_DER:
-        if (private) {
-    	    if (cipher || password)
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "encryption is not supported when exporting this key type");
-
-            i = i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio(out, ec);
-        } else {
-    	    if (cipher || password)
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "encryption is not supported when exporting this key type");
-
-            i = i2d_EC_PUBKEY_bio(out, ec);
-        }
-
-    	break;
-    default:
-        BIO_free(out);
-    	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown format (internal error)");
-    }
-
-    if (i != 1) {
-        BIO_free(out);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, "outlen=%d", i);
-    }
-
-    str = ossl_membio2str(out);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.to_pem   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_to_pem(VALUE self)
-{
-    return ossl_ec_key_to_string(self, EXPORT_PEM);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.to_der   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    return ossl_ec_key_to_string(self, EXPORT_DER);
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.to_text   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_print()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_to_text(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    BIO *out;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
-    }
-    if (!EC_KEY_print(out, ec, 0)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_print");
-    }
-    str = ossl_membio2str(out);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.generate_key   => self
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_generate_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_generate_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    if (EC_KEY_generate_key(ec) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_generate_key");
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.check_key   => true
- *
- *  Raises an exception if the key is invalid.
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_KEY_check_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_check_key(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-
-    if (EC_KEY_check_key(ec) != 1)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "EC_KEY_check_key");
-
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.dh_compute_key(pubkey)   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for ECDH_compute_key()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_dh_compute_key(VALUE self, VALUE pubkey)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    int buf_len;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    SafeRequire_EC_POINT(pubkey, point);
-
-/* BUG: need a way to figure out the maximum string size */
-    buf_len = 1024;
-    str = rb_str_new(0, buf_len);
-/* BUG: take KDF as a block */
-    buf_len = ECDH_compute_key(RSTRING_PTR(str), buf_len, point, ec, NULL);
-    if (buf_len < 0)
-         ossl_raise(eECError, "ECDH_compute_key");
-
-    rb_str_resize(str, buf_len);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-/* sign_setup */
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.dsa_sign_asn1(data)   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for ECDSA_sign()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_dsa_sign_asn1(VALUE self, VALUE data)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-    unsigned int buf_len;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    StringValue(data);
-
-    if (EC_KEY_get0_private_key(ec) == NULL)
-	ossl_raise(eECError, "Private EC key needed!");
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, ECDSA_size(ec) + 16);
-    if (ECDSA_sign(0, (unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data), (unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(str), &buf_len, ec) != 1)
-         ossl_raise(eECError, "ECDSA_sign");
-
-    rb_str_resize(str, buf_len);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     key.dsa_verify(data, sig)   => true or false
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for ECDSA_verify()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_key_dsa_verify_asn1(VALUE self, VALUE data, VALUE sig)
-{
-    EC_KEY *ec;
-
-    Require_EC_KEY(self, ec);
-    StringValue(data);
-    StringValue(sig);
-
-    switch (ECDSA_verify(0, (unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data), (unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(sig), RSTRING_LEN(sig), ec)) {
-    case 1:	return Qtrue;
-    case 0:	return Qfalse;
-    default:	break;
-    }
-
-    ossl_raise(eECError, "ECDSA_verify");
-}
-
-static void ossl_ec_group_free(ossl_ec_group *ec_group)
-{
-    if (!ec_group->dont_free && ec_group->group)
-        EC_GROUP_clear_free(ec_group->group);
-    free(ec_group);
-}
-
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_alloc(VALUE klass)
-{
-    ossl_ec_group *ec_group;
-    VALUE obj;
-
-    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, ossl_ec_group, 0, ossl_ec_group_free, ec_group);
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new("secp112r1")
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(ec_group)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(pem_string)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(der_string)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(pem_file)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(der_file)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GFp_simple)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GFp_mult)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GFp_nist)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GF2m_simple)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GFp, bignum_p, bignum_a, bignum_b)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group.new(:GF2m, bignum_p, bignum_a, bignum_b)
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_*
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4;
-    ossl_ec_group *ec_group;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ossl_ec_group, ec_group);
-    if (ec_group->group != NULL)
-        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EC_GROUP is already initialized");
-
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "13", &arg1, &arg2, &arg3, &arg4)) {
-    case 1:
-        if (SYMBOL_P(arg1)) {
-            const EC_METHOD *method = NULL;
-            ID id = SYM2ID(arg1);
-
-            if (id == s_GFp_simple) {
-                method = EC_GFp_simple_method();
-            } else if (id == s_GFp_mont) {
-                method = EC_GFp_mont_method();
-            } else if (id == s_GFp_nist) {
-                method = EC_GFp_nist_method();
-            } else if (id == s_GF2m_simple) {
-                method = EC_GF2m_simple_method();
-            }
-
-            if (method) {
-                if ((group = EC_GROUP_new(method)) == NULL)
-                    ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_new");
-            } else {
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown symbol, must be :GFp_simple, :GFp_mont, :GFp_nist or :GF2m_simple");
-            }
-        } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg1, cEC_GROUP)) {
-            const EC_GROUP *arg1_group;
-
-            SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(arg1, arg1_group);
-            if ((group = EC_GROUP_dup(arg1_group)) == NULL)
-                ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_dup");
-        } else {
-            BIO *in = ossl_obj2bio(arg1);
-
-            group = PEM_read_bio_ECPKParameters(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-            if (!group) {
-                BIO_reset(in);
-                group = d2i_ECPKParameters_bio(in, NULL);
-            }
-
-            BIO_free(in);
-
-            if (!group) {
-                const char *name = STR2CSTR(arg1);
-                int nid = OBJ_sn2nid(name);
-
-                if (nid == NID_undef)
-                    ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unknown curve name (%s)", name);
-
-                group = EC_GROUP_new_by_curve_name(nid);
-                if (group == NULL)
-                    ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unable to create curve (%s)", name);
-
-                EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag(group, OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE);
-                EC_GROUP_set_point_conversion_form(group, POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED);
-            }
-        }
-
-        break;
-    case 4:
-        if (SYMBOL_P(arg1)) {
-            ID id = SYM2ID(arg1);
-            EC_GROUP *(*new_curve)(const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, const BIGNUM *, BN_CTX *) = NULL;
-            const BIGNUM *p = GetBNPtr(arg2);
-            const BIGNUM *a = GetBNPtr(arg3);
-            const BIGNUM *b = GetBNPtr(arg4);
-
-            if (id == s_GFp) {
-                new_curve = EC_GROUP_new_curve_GFp;
-            } else if (id == s_GF2m) {
-                new_curve = EC_GROUP_new_curve_GF2m;
-            } else {
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown symbol, must be :GFp or :GF2m");
-            }
-
-            if ((group = new_curve(p, a, b, ossl_bn_ctx)) == NULL)
-                ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_new_by_GF*");
-        } else {
-             rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown argument, must be :GFp or :GF2m");
-        }
-
-        break;
-    default:
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
-    }
-
-    if (group == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "");
-
-    ec_group->group = group;
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group1 == group2   => true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_eql(VALUE a, VALUE b)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group1 = NULL, *group2 = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(a, group1);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(b, group2);
-
-    if (EC_GROUP_cmp(group1, group2, ossl_bn_ctx) == 1)
-       return Qfalse;
-
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.generator   => ec_point
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get0_generator()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_generator(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE point_obj;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    point_obj = ossl_ec_point_dup(EC_GROUP_get0_generator(group), self);
-
-    return point_obj;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.set_generator(generator, order, cofactor)   => self
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_set_generator()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_set_generator(VALUE self, VALUE generator, VALUE order, VALUE cofactor)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    const EC_POINT *point;
-    const BIGNUM *o, *co;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-    SafeRequire_EC_POINT(generator, point);
-    o = GetBNPtr(order);
-    co = GetBNPtr(cofactor);
-
-    if (EC_GROUP_set_generator(group, point, o, co) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_set_generator");
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.get_order   => order_bn
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_order()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_order(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE bn_obj;
-    BIGNUM *bn;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(NULL);
-    bn = GetBNPtr(bn_obj);
-
-    if (EC_GROUP_get_order(group, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_get_order");
-
-    return bn_obj;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.get_cofactor   => cofactor_bn
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_cofactor()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_cofactor(VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE bn_obj;
-    BIGNUM *bn;
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    bn_obj = ossl_bn_new(NULL);
-    bn = GetBNPtr(bn_obj);
-
-    if (EC_GROUP_get_cofactor(group, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_get_cofactor");
-
-    return bn_obj;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.curve_name  => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_curve_name()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_curve_name(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    int nid;
-
-    Get_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-    if (group == NULL)
-        return Qnil;
-
-    nid = EC_GROUP_get_curve_name(group);
-
-/* BUG: an nid or asn1 object should be returned, maybe. */
-    return rb_str_new2(OBJ_nid2sn(nid));
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     EC.builtin_curves => [[name, comment], ...]
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_builtin_curves()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_s_builtin_curves(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_builtin_curve *curves = NULL;
-    int n;
-    int crv_len = EC_get_builtin_curves(NULL, 0);
-    VALUE ary, ret;
-
-    curves = ALLOCA_N(EC_builtin_curve, crv_len);
-    if (curves == NULL)
-        return Qnil;
-    if (!EC_get_builtin_curves(curves, crv_len))
-        ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "EC_get_builtin_curves");
-
-    ret = rb_ary_new2(crv_len);
-
-    for (n = 0; n < crv_len; n++) {
-        const char *sname = OBJ_nid2sn(curves[n].nid);
-        const char *comment = curves[n].comment;
-
-        ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
-        rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(sname));
-        rb_ary_push(ary, comment ? rb_str_new2(comment) : Qnil);
-        rb_ary_push(ret, ary);
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.asn1_flag  => Fixnum
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_asn1_flag()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_asn1_flag(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    int flag;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    flag = EC_GROUP_get_asn1_flag(group);
-
-    return INT2FIX(flag);
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.asn1_flag = Fixnum   => Fixnum
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_set_asn1_flag(VALUE self, VALUE flag_v)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    EC_GROUP_set_asn1_flag(group, NUM2INT(flag_v));
-
-    return flag_v;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.point_conversion_form  => :uncompressed | :compressed | :hybrid 
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_point_conversion_form()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_point_conversion_form(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    point_conversion_form_t form;
-    VALUE ret;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    form = EC_GROUP_get_point_conversion_form(group);
-
-    switch (form) {
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED:	ret = ID_uncompressed; break;
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED:	ret = ID_compressed; break;
-    case POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID:	ret = ID_hybrid; break;
-    default:	rb_raise(eEC_GROUP, "unsupported point conversion form: %d, this module should be updated", form);
-    }
-    
-   return ID2SYM(ret);
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.point_conversion_form = form => form
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_set_point_conversion_form()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_set_point_conversion_form(VALUE self, VALUE form_v)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    point_conversion_form_t form;
-    ID form_id = SYM2ID(form_v);
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    if (form_id == ID_uncompressed) {
-        form = POINT_CONVERSION_UNCOMPRESSED;
-    } else if (form_id == ID_compressed) {
-        form = POINT_CONVERSION_COMPRESSED;
-    } else if (form_id == ID_hybrid) {
-        form = POINT_CONVERSION_HYBRID;
-    } else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "form must be :compressed, :uncompressed, or :hybrid");
-    }
-
-    EC_GROUP_set_point_conversion_form(group, form);
-
-    return form_v;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.seed   => String or nil
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get0_seed()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_seed(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-    size_t seed_len;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    seed_len = EC_GROUP_get_seed_len(group);
-
-    if (seed_len == 0)
-        return Qnil;
-
-    return rb_str_new(EC_GROUP_get0_seed(group), seed_len);
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.seed = seed  => seed
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_set_seed()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_set_seed(VALUE self, VALUE seed)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-    StringValue(seed);
-
-    if (EC_GROUP_set_seed(group, RSTRING_PTR(seed), RSTRING_LEN(seed)) != RSTRING_LEN(seed))
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "EC_GROUP_set_seed");
-
-    return seed;
-}
-
-/* get/set curve GFp, GF2m */
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.degree   => Fixnum
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_GROUP_get_degree()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_get_degree(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    return INT2NUM(EC_GROUP_get_degree(group));
-}
-
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_string(VALUE self, int format)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group;
-    BIO *out;
-    int i = -1;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Get_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())))
-        ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
-
-    switch(format) {
-    case EXPORT_PEM:
-        i = PEM_write_bio_ECPKParameters(out, group);
-    	break;
-    case EXPORT_DER:
-        i = i2d_ECPKParameters_bio(out, group);
-    	break;
-    default:
-        BIO_free(out);
-    	rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "unknown format (internal error)");
-    }
-
-    if (i != 1) {
-        BIO_free(out);
-        ossl_raise(eECError, NULL);
-    }
-
-    str = ossl_membio2str(out);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.to_pem   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for PEM_write_bio_ECPKParameters()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_pem(VALUE self)
-{
-    return ossl_ec_group_to_string(self, EXPORT_PEM);
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.to_der   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for i2d_ECPKParameters_bio()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-    return ossl_ec_group_to_string(self, EXPORT_DER);
-}
-
-/*  call-seq:
- *     group.to_text   => String
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for ECPKParameters_print()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_group_to_text(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_GROUP *group;
-    BIO *out;
-    VALUE str;
-
-    Require_EC_GROUP(self, group);
-    if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, "BIO_new(BIO_s_mem())");
-    }
-    if (!ECPKParameters_print(out, group, 0)) {
-	BIO_free(out);
-	ossl_raise(eEC_GROUP, NULL);
-    }
-    str = ossl_membio2str(out);
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-
-static void ossl_ec_point_free(ossl_ec_point *ec_point)
-{
-    if (!ec_point->dont_free && ec_point->point)
-        EC_POINT_clear_free(ec_point->point);
-    free(ec_point);
-}
-
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_alloc(VALUE klass)
-{
-    ossl_ec_point *ec_point;
-    VALUE obj;
-
-    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, ossl_ec_point, 0, ossl_ec_point_free, ec_point);
-
-    return obj;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point.new(point)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point.new(group)
- *     OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point.new(group, bn)
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_POINT_*
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    ossl_ec_point *ec_point;
-    EC_POINT *point = NULL;
-    VALUE arg1, arg2;
-    VALUE group_v = Qnil;
-    const EC_GROUP *group = NULL;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, ossl_ec_point, ec_point);
-    if (ec_point->point)
-        rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT already initialized");
-
-    switch (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg1, &arg2)) {
-    case 1:
-        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg1, cEC_POINT)) {
-            const EC_POINT *arg_point;
-
-            group_v = rb_iv_get(arg1, "@group");
-            SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-            SafeRequire_EC_POINT(arg1, arg_point);
-
-            point = EC_POINT_dup(arg_point, group);
-        } else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg1, cEC_GROUP)) {
-            group_v = arg1;
-            SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-            point = EC_POINT_new(group);
-        } else {
-            rb_raise(eEC_POINT, "wrong argument type: must be OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Point or OpenSSL::Pkey::EC::Group");
-        }
-
-        break;
-     case 2:
-        if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg1, cEC_GROUP))
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "1st argument must be OpenSSL::PKey::EC::Group");
-        group_v = arg1;
-        SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-        
-        if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(arg2, cBN)) {
-            const BIGNUM *bn = GetBNPtr(arg2);
-
-            point = EC_POINT_bn2point(group, bn, NULL, ossl_bn_ctx);
-        } else {
-            BIO *in = ossl_obj2bio(arg1);
-
-/* BUG: finish me */
-
-            BIO_free(in);
-
-            if (point == NULL) {
-                ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "unknown type for 2nd arg");
-            }
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments");
-    }
-
-    if (point == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, NULL);
-
-    if (NIL_P(group_v))
-        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "missing group (internal error)");
-
-    ec_point->point = point;
-
-    rb_iv_set(self, "@group", group_v);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point1 == point2 => true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_eql(VALUE a, VALUE b)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point1, *point2;
-    VALUE group_v1 = rb_iv_get(a, "@group");
-    VALUE group_v2 = rb_iv_get(b, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    if (ossl_ec_group_eql(group_v1, group_v2) == Qfalse)
-        return Qfalse;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(a, point1);
-    SafeRequire_EC_POINT(b, point2);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v1, group);
-
-    if (EC_POINT_cmp(group, point1, point2, ossl_bn_ctx) == 1)
-        return Qfalse;
-
-    return Qtrue;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.infinity? => true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_is_at_infinity(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    switch (EC_POINT_is_at_infinity(group, point)) {
-    case 1: return Qtrue;
-    case 0: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(cEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_at_infinity");
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.on_curve? => true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_is_on_curve(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    switch (EC_POINT_is_on_curve(group, point, ossl_bn_ctx)) {
-    case 1: return Qtrue;
-    case 0: return Qfalse;
-    default: ossl_raise(cEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_is_on_curve");
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.make_affine! => self
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_make_affine(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    if (EC_POINT_make_affine(group, point, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(cEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_make_affine");
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.invert! => self
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_invert(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    if (EC_POINT_invert(group, point, ossl_bn_ctx) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(cEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_invert");
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.set_to_infinity! => self
- *
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_set_to_infinity(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    if (EC_POINT_set_to_infinity(group, point) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(cEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_set_to_infinity");
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     point.to_bn   => OpenSSL::BN
- *
- *  See the OpenSSL documentation for EC_POINT_point2bn()
- */
-static VALUE ossl_ec_point_to_bn(VALUE self)
-{
-    EC_POINT *point;
-    VALUE bn_obj;
-    VALUE group_v = rb_iv_get(self, "@group");
-    const EC_GROUP *group;
-    point_conversion_form_t form;
-    BIGNUM *bn;
-
-    Require_EC_POINT(self, point);
-    SafeRequire_EC_GROUP(group_v, group);
-
-    form = EC_GROUP_get_point_conversion_form(group);
-
-    bn_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cBN);
-    bn = GetBNPtr(bn_obj);
-
-    if (EC_POINT_point2bn(group, point, form, bn, ossl_bn_ctx) == NULL)
-        ossl_raise(eEC_POINT, "EC_POINT_point2bn");
-
-    return bn_obj;
-}
-
-static void no_copy(VALUE klass)
-{
-    rb_undef_method(klass, "copy");
-    rb_undef_method(klass, "clone");
-    rb_undef_method(klass, "dup");
-    rb_undef_method(klass, "initialize_copy");
-}
-
-void Init_ossl_ec()
-{
-#ifdef DONT_NEED_RDOC_WORKAROUND
-    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-    mPKey = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "PKey");
-#endif
-
-    eECError = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "ECError", ePKeyError);
-
-    cEC = rb_define_class_under(mPKey, "EC", cPKey);
-    cEC_GROUP = rb_define_class_under(cEC, "Group", rb_cObject);
-    cEC_POINT = rb_define_class_under(cEC, "Point", rb_cObject);
-    eEC_GROUP = rb_define_class_under(cEC_GROUP, "Error", eOSSLError);
-    eEC_POINT = rb_define_class_under(cEC_POINT, "Error", eOSSLError);
-
-    s_GFp = rb_intern("GFp");
-    s_GF2m = rb_intern("GF2m");
-    s_GFp_simple = rb_intern("GFp_simple");
-    s_GFp_mont = rb_intern("GFp_mont");
-    s_GFp_nist = rb_intern("GFp_nist");
-    s_GF2m_simple = rb_intern("GF2m_simple");
-
-    ID_uncompressed = rb_intern("uncompressed");
-    ID_compressed = rb_intern("compressed");
-    ID_hybrid = rb_intern("hybrid");
-
-#ifdef OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE
-    rb_define_const(cEC, "NAMED_CURVE", ULONG2NUM(OPENSSL_EC_NAMED_CURVE));
-#endif
-
-    rb_define_singleton_method(cEC, "builtin_curves", ossl_s_builtin_curves, 0);
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "initialize", ossl_ec_key_initialize, -1);
-/* copy/dup/cmp */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "group", ossl_ec_key_get_group, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "group=", ossl_ec_key_set_group, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "private_key", ossl_ec_key_get_private_key, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "private_key=", ossl_ec_key_set_private_key, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "public_key", ossl_ec_key_get_public_key, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "public_key=", ossl_ec_key_set_public_key, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "private_key?", ossl_ec_key_is_private_key, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "public_key?", ossl_ec_key_is_public_key, 0);
-/*  rb_define_method(cEC, "", ossl_ec_key_get_, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "=", ossl_ec_key_set_ 1);
-    set/get enc_flags
-    set/get _conv_from
-    set/get asn1_flag (can use ruby to call self.group.asn1_flag)
-    set/get precompute_mult
-*/
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "generate_key", ossl_ec_key_generate_key, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "check_key", ossl_ec_key_check_key, 0);
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "dh_compute_key", ossl_ec_key_dh_compute_key, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "dsa_sign_asn1", ossl_ec_key_dsa_sign_asn1, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "dsa_verify_asn1", ossl_ec_key_dsa_verify_asn1, 2);
-/* do_sign/do_verify */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "to_pem", ossl_ec_key_to_pem, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "to_der", ossl_ec_key_to_der, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC, "to_text", ossl_ec_key_to_text, 0);
-
-
-    rb_define_alloc_func(cEC_GROUP, ossl_ec_group_alloc);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "initialize", ossl_ec_group_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "eql?", ossl_ec_group_eql, 1);
-    rb_define_alias(cEC_GROUP, "==", "eql?");
-/* copy/dup/cmp */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "generator", ossl_ec_group_get_generator, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "set_generator", ossl_ec_group_set_generator, 3);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "order", ossl_ec_group_get_order, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "cofactor", ossl_ec_group_get_cofactor, 0);
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "curve_name", ossl_ec_group_get_curve_name, 0);
-/*    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "curve_name=", ossl_ec_group_set_curve_name, 1); */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "asn1_flag", ossl_ec_group_get_asn1_flag, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "asn1_flag=", ossl_ec_group_set_asn1_flag, 1);
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "point_conversion_form", ossl_ec_group_get_point_conversion_form, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "point_conversion_form=", ossl_ec_group_set_point_conversion_form, 1);
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "seed", ossl_ec_group_get_seed, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "seed=", ossl_ec_group_set_seed, 1);
-
-/* get/set GFp, GF2m */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "degree", ossl_ec_group_get_degree, 0);
-
-/* check* */
-
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "to_pem", ossl_ec_group_to_pem, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "to_der", ossl_ec_group_to_der, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_GROUP, "to_text", ossl_ec_group_to_text, 0);
-
-
-    rb_define_alloc_func(cEC_POINT, ossl_ec_point_alloc);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "initialize", ossl_ec_point_initialize, -1);
-    rb_attr(cEC_POINT, rb_intern("group"), 1, 0, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "eql?", ossl_ec_point_eql, 1);
-    rb_define_alias(cEC_POINT, "==", "eql?");
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "infinity?", ossl_ec_point_is_at_infinity, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "on_curve?", ossl_ec_point_is_on_curve, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "make_affine!", ossl_ec_point_make_affine, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "invert!", ossl_ec_point_invert, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "set_to_infinity!", ossl_ec_point_set_to_infinity, 0);
-/* all the other methods */
-
-    rb_define_method(cEC_POINT, "to_bn", ossl_ec_point_to_bn, 0);
-
-    no_copy(cEC);
-    no_copy(cEC_GROUP);
-    no_copy(cEC_POINT);
-}
-
-#else /* defined NO_EC */
-void Init_ossl_ec()
-{
-}
-#endif /* NO_EC */
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
index 9ac69e7ded..0afdcf8d01 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_pkey_rsa.c
@@ -84,19 +84,9 @@ rsa_generate(int size, int exp)
 	    NULL);
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     RSA.generate(size [, exponent]) -> rsa
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.  Keys smaller than 1024 should be considered insecure.
- *  * +exponent+ is an odd number normally 3, 17, or 65537.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_s_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
 {
-/* why does this method exist?  why can't initialize take an optional exponent? */
     RSA *rsa;
     VALUE size, exp;
     VALUE obj;
@@ -114,20 +104,6 @@ ossl_rsa_s_generate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     RSA.new([size | encoded_key] [, pass]) -> rsa
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +size+ is an integer representing the desired key size.
- *  * +encoded_key+ is a string containing PEM or DER encoded key.
- *  * +pass+ is an optional string with the password to decrypt the encoded key.
- *
- *  === Examples
- *  * RSA.new(2048) -> rsa 
- *  * RSA.new(File.read("rsa.pem")) -> rsa
- *  * RSA.new(File.read("rsa.pem"), "mypassword") -> rsa
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -181,13 +157,6 @@ ossl_rsa_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.public? -> true
- *
- *  The return value is always true since every private key is also a public key.
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_is_public(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -195,16 +164,12 @@ ossl_rsa_is_public(VALUE self)
 
     GetPKeyRSA(self, pkey);
     /*
-     * This method should check for n and e.  BUG.
+     * SURPRISE! :-))
+     * Every key is public at the same time!
      */
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.private? -> true | false
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_is_private(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -215,18 +180,6 @@ ossl_rsa_is_private(VALUE self)
     return (RSA_PRIVATE(self, pkey->pkey.rsa)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.to_pem([cipher, pass]) -> aString
- *
- *  === Parameters
- *  * +cipher+ is a Cipher object.
- *  * +pass+ is a string.
- *
- *  === Examples
- *  * rsa.to_pem -> aString
- *  * rsa.to_pem(cipher, pass) -> aString
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -266,11 +219,6 @@ ossl_rsa_export(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.to_der -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -288,7 +236,7 @@ ossl_rsa_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_func(pkey->pkey.rsa, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_func(pkey->pkey.rsa, &p) < 0)
 	ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -298,11 +246,6 @@ ossl_rsa_to_der(VALUE self)
 
 #define ossl_rsa_buf_size(pkey) (RSA_size((pkey)->pkey.rsa)+16)
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.public_encrypt(string [, padding]) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_public_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -315,20 +258,16 @@ ossl_rsa_public_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pad = (argc == 1) ? RSA_PKCS1_PADDING : NUM2INT(padding);
     StringValue(buffer);
     str = rb_str_new(0, ossl_rsa_buf_size(pkey));
-    buf_len = RSA_public_encrypt(RSTRING_LEN(buffer), RSTRING_PTR(buffer),
-				 RSTRING_PTR(str), pkey->pkey.rsa,
+    buf_len = RSA_public_encrypt(RSTRING(buffer)->len, RSTRING(buffer)->ptr,
+				 RSTRING(str)->ptr, pkey->pkey.rsa,
 				 pad);
     if (buf_len < 0) ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.public_decrypt(string [, padding]) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_public_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -341,20 +280,16 @@ ossl_rsa_public_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pad = (argc == 1) ? RSA_PKCS1_PADDING : NUM2INT(padding);
     StringValue(buffer);
     str = rb_str_new(0, ossl_rsa_buf_size(pkey));
-    buf_len = RSA_public_decrypt(RSTRING_LEN(buffer), RSTRING_PTR(buffer),
-				 RSTRING_PTR(str), pkey->pkey.rsa,
+    buf_len = RSA_public_decrypt(RSTRING(buffer)->len, RSTRING(buffer)->ptr,
+				 RSTRING(str)->ptr, pkey->pkey.rsa,
 				 pad);
     if (buf_len < 0) ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
     
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.private_encrypt(string [, padding]) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_private_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -370,21 +305,16 @@ ossl_rsa_private_encrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pad = (argc == 1) ? RSA_PKCS1_PADDING : NUM2INT(padding);
     StringValue(buffer);
     str = rb_str_new(0, ossl_rsa_buf_size(pkey));
-    buf_len = RSA_private_encrypt(RSTRING_LEN(buffer), RSTRING_PTR(buffer),
-				  RSTRING_PTR(str), pkey->pkey.rsa,
+    buf_len = RSA_private_encrypt(RSTRING(buffer)->len, RSTRING(buffer)->ptr,
+				  RSTRING(str)->ptr, pkey->pkey.rsa,
 				  pad);
     if (buf_len < 0) ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
     
     return str;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.private_decrypt(string [, padding]) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_private_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -400,19 +330,17 @@ ossl_rsa_private_decrypt(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     pad = (argc == 1) ? RSA_PKCS1_PADDING : NUM2INT(padding);
     StringValue(buffer);
     str = rb_str_new(0, ossl_rsa_buf_size(pkey));
-    buf_len = RSA_private_decrypt(RSTRING_LEN(buffer), RSTRING_PTR(buffer),
-				  RSTRING_PTR(str), pkey->pkey.rsa,
+    buf_len = RSA_private_decrypt(RSTRING(buffer)->len, RSTRING(buffer)->ptr,
+				  RSTRING(str)->ptr, pkey->pkey.rsa,
 				  pad);
     if (buf_len < 0) ossl_raise(eRSAError, NULL);
-    rb_str_set_len(str, buf_len);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = buf_len;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[buf_len] = 0;
 
     return str;
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.params -> hash
- *
  * Stores all parameters of key to the hash
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (I's up to you)
@@ -440,9 +368,6 @@ ossl_rsa_get_params(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.to_text -> aString
- *
  * Prints all parameters of key to buffer
  * INSECURE: PRIVATE INFORMATIONS CAN LEAK OUT!!!
  * Don't use :-)) (It's up to you)
@@ -468,9 +393,6 @@ ossl_rsa_to_text(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- *  call-seq:
- *     rsa.public_key -> aRSA
- *
  * Makes new instance RSA PUBLIC_KEY from PRIVATE_KEY
  */
 static VALUE
@@ -493,6 +415,7 @@ ossl_rsa_to_public_key(VALUE self)
 
 /*
  * TODO: Test me
+extern BN_CTX *ossl_bn_ctx;
 
 static VALUE
 ossl_rsa_blinding_on(VALUE self)
@@ -585,9 +508,11 @@ Init_ossl_rsa()
 }
 
 #else /* defined NO_RSA */
+#   warning >>> OpenSSL is compiled without RSA support <<<
 void
 Init_ossl_rsa()
 {
+    rb_warning("OpenSSL is compiled without RSA support");
 }
 #endif /* NO_RSA */
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
index ad830fbc98..71bb3bedd5 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_rand.c
@@ -27,150 +27,84 @@ VALUE eRandomError;
 /*
  * Private
  */
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     seed(str) -> str
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_seed(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 {
     StringValue(str);
-    RAND_seed(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    RAND_seed(RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     add(str, entropy) -> self
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_rand_add(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE entropy)
-{
-    StringValue(str);
-    RAND_add(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str), NUM2DBL(entropy));
-
-    return self;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     load_random_file(filename) -> true
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_load_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     SafeStringValue(filename);
 	
-    if(!RAND_load_file(RSTRING_PTR(filename), -1)) {
+    if(!RAND_load_file(RSTRING(filename)->ptr, -1)) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     write_random_file(filename) -> true
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_write_file(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     SafeStringValue(filename);
-    if (RAND_write_file(RSTRING_PTR(filename)) == -1) {
+    if (RAND_write_file(RSTRING(filename)->ptr) == -1) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     random_bytes(length) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE len)
 {
     VALUE str;
-    int n = NUM2INT(len);
-
-    str = rb_str_new(0, n);
-    if (!RAND_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(str), n)) {
+	
+    str = rb_str_new(0, FIX2INT(len));
+    if (!RAND_bytes(RSTRING(str)->ptr, FIX2INT(len))) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     pseudo_bytes(length) -> aString
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_pseudo_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE len)
 {
     VALUE str;
-    int n = NUM2INT(len);
 
-    str = rb_str_new(0, n);
-    if (!RAND_pseudo_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(str), n)) {
+    str = rb_str_new(0, FIX2INT(len));
+    if (!RAND_pseudo_bytes(RSTRING(str)->ptr, FIX2INT(len))) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     egd(filename) -> true
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_egd(VALUE self, VALUE filename)
 {
     SafeStringValue(filename);
 	
-    if(!RAND_egd(RSTRING_PTR(filename))) {
+    if(!RAND_egd(RSTRING(filename)->ptr)) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     egd_bytes(filename, length) -> true
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_rand_egd_bytes(VALUE self, VALUE filename, VALUE len)
 {
-    long n = NUM2INT(len);
-
     SafeStringValue(filename);
 
-    if (!RAND_egd_bytes(RSTRING_PTR(filename), n)) {
+    if (!RAND_egd_bytes(RSTRING(filename)->ptr, FIX2INT(len))) {
 	ossl_raise(eRandomError, NULL);
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     status? => true | false
- *
- * Return true if the PRNG has been seeded with enough data, false otherwise.
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_rand_status(VALUE self)
-{
-    return RAND_status() ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
 #define DEFMETH(class, name, func, argc) \
 	rb_define_method(class, name, func, argc); \
 	rb_define_singleton_method(class, name, func, argc);
@@ -190,13 +124,11 @@ Init_ossl_rand()
     eRandomError = rb_define_class_under(mRandom, "RandomError", eOSSLError);
 	
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "seed", ossl_rand_seed, 1);
-    DEFMETH(mRandom, "random_add", ossl_rand_add, 2);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "load_random_file", ossl_rand_load_file, 1);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "write_random_file", ossl_rand_write_file, 1);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "random_bytes", ossl_rand_bytes, 1);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "pseudo_bytes", ossl_rand_pseudo_bytes, 1);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "egd", ossl_rand_egd, 1);
     DEFMETH(mRandom, "egd_bytes", ossl_rand_egd_bytes, 2);	
-    DEFMETH(mRandom, "status?", ossl_rand_status, 0)
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
index 01b86fec27..8e632b526b 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
  * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' project
  * Copyright (C) 2000-2002  GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
  * Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Michal Rokos <m.rokos@sh.cvut.cz>
- * Copyright (C) 2001-2007  Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
  * All rights reserved.
  */
 /*
@@ -31,6 +30,9 @@ VALUE eSSLError;
 VALUE cSSLContext;
 VALUE cSSLSocket;
 
+/*
+ * SSLContext class
+ */
 #define ossl_sslctx_set_cert(o,v)        rb_iv_set((o),"@cert",(v))
 #define ossl_sslctx_set_key(o,v)         rb_iv_set((o),"@key",(v))
 #define ossl_sslctx_set_client_ca(o,v)   rb_iv_set((o),"@client_ca",(v))
@@ -63,12 +65,11 @@ VALUE cSSLSocket;
 #define ossl_sslctx_get_tmp_dh_cb(o)     rb_iv_get((o),"@tmp_dh_callback")
 #define ossl_sslctx_get_sess_id_ctx(o)   rb_iv_get((o),"@session_id_context")
 
-static const char *ossl_sslctx_attrs[] = {
+static char *ossl_sslctx_attrs[] = {
     "cert", "key", "client_ca", "ca_file", "ca_path",
     "timeout", "verify_mode", "verify_depth",
     "verify_callback", "options", "cert_store", "extra_chain_cert",
     "client_cert_cb", "tmp_dh_callback", "session_id_context",
-    "session_get_cb", "session_new_cb", "session_remove_cb",
 };
 
 #define ossl_ssl_get_io(o)           rb_iv_get((o),"@io")
@@ -85,10 +86,8 @@ static const char *ossl_sslctx_attrs[] = {
 #define ossl_ssl_set_key(o,v)        rb_iv_set((o),"@key",(v))
 #define ossl_ssl_set_tmp_dh(o,v)     rb_iv_set((o),"@tmp_dh",(v))
 
-static const char *ossl_ssl_attr_readers[] = { "io", "context", };
-static const char *ossl_ssl_attrs[] = { "sync_close", };
-
-ID ID_callback_state;
+static char *ossl_ssl_attr_readers[] = { "io", "context", };
+static char *ossl_ssl_attrs[] = { "sync_close", };
 
 /*
  * SSLContext class
@@ -142,13 +141,22 @@ ossl_sslctx_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version(VALUE self, VALUE ssl_method)
+ossl_sslctx_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
+    VALUE ssl_method;
     SSL_METHOD *method = NULL;
-    const char *s;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
     int i;
+    char *s;
 
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    for(i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_sslctx_attrs); i++){
+	char buf[32];
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "@%s", ossl_sslctx_attrs[i]);
+	rb_iv_set(self, buf, Qnil);
+    }
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &ssl_method) == 0){
+        return self;
+    }
     if(TYPE(ssl_method) == T_SYMBOL)
 	s = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(ssl_method));
     else
@@ -167,33 +175,6 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version(VALUE self, VALUE ssl_method)
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version:");
     }
 
-    return ssl_method;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    SSLContext.new => ctx
- *    SSLContext.new(:TLSv1) => ctx
- *    SSLContext.new("SSLv23_client") => ctx
- *
- * You can get a list of valid methods with OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext::METHODS
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE ssl_method;
-    int i;
-
-    for(i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_sslctx_attrs); i++){
-	char buf[32];
-	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "@%s", ossl_sslctx_attrs[i]);
-	rb_iv_set(self, buf, Qnil);
-    }
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &ssl_method) == 0){
-        return self;
-    }
-    ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version(self, ssl_method);
-
     return self;
 }
 
@@ -270,8 +251,6 @@ ossl_tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
 static DH*
 ossl_default_tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
 {
-    rb_warning("using default DH parameters.");
-
     switch(keylength){
     case 512:
 	return OSSL_DEFAULT_DH_512;
@@ -295,143 +274,6 @@ ossl_ssl_verify_callback(int preverify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_call_session_get_cb(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb, ret;
-    
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-
-    sslctx_obj = rb_iv_get(ssl_obj, "@context");
-    if (NIL_P(sslctx_obj)) return Qnil;
-    cb = rb_iv_get(sslctx_obj, "@session_get_cb");
-    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
-
-    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
-}
-
-/* this method is currently only called for servers (in OpenSSL <= 0.9.8e) */
-static SSL_SESSION *
-ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char *buf, int len, int *copy)
-{
-    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, ret_obj;
-    SSL_SESSION *sess;
-    void *ptr;
-    int state = 0;
-
-    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback entered");
-    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
-    	return NULL;
-    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new(buf, len));
-
-    ret_obj = rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))ossl_call_session_get_cb, ary, &state);
-    if (state) {
-        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (!rb_obj_is_instance_of(ret_obj, cSSLSession))
-        return NULL;
-
-    SafeGetSSLSession(ret_obj, sess);
-    *copy = 1;
-
-    return sess;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_call_session_new_cb(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb, ret;
-    
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-
-    sslctx_obj = rb_iv_get(ssl_obj, "@context");
-    if (NIL_P(sslctx_obj)) return Qnil;
-    cb = rb_iv_get(sslctx_obj, "@session_new_cb");
-    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
-
-    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
-}
-
-/* return 1 normal.  return 0 removes the session */
-static int
-ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb(SSL *ssl, SSL_SESSION *sess)
-{
-    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, sess_obj, ret_obj;
-    void *ptr;
-    int state = 0;
-
-    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback entered");
-
-    if ((ptr = SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
-    	return 1;
-    ssl_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
-    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
-    CRYPTO_add(&sess->references, 1, CRYPTO_LOCK_SSL_SESSION);
-    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
-
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
-
-    ret_obj = rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))ossl_call_session_new_cb, ary, &state);
-    if (state) {
-        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
-        return 0; /* what should be returned here??? */
-    }
-
-    return RTEST(ret_obj) ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_call_session_remove_cb(VALUE ary)
-{
-    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb, ret;
-    
-    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    sslctx_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
-
-    cb = rb_iv_get(sslctx_obj, "@session_remove_cb");
-    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
-
-    return rb_funcall(cb, rb_intern("call"), 1, ary);
-}
-
-static void
-ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx, SSL_SESSION *sess)
-{
-    VALUE ary, sslctx_obj, sess_obj, ret_obj;
-    void *ptr;
-    int state = 0;
-
-    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback entered");
-
-    if ((ptr = SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx)) == NULL)
-    	return;
-    sslctx_obj = (VALUE)ptr;
-    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
-    CRYPTO_add(&sess->references, 1, CRYPTO_LOCK_SSL_SESSION);
-    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
-
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, sslctx_obj);
-    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
-
-    ret_obj = rb_protect((VALUE(*)_((VALUE)))ossl_call_session_new_cb, ary, &state);
-    if (state) {
-/*
-  the SSL_CTX is frozen, nowhere to save state.
-  there is no common accessor method to check it either.
-        rb_ivar_set(sslctx_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
-*/
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i(VALUE i, VALUE arg)
 {
     X509 *x509;
@@ -446,14 +288,6 @@ ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i(VALUE i, VALUE arg)
     return i;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ctx.setup => Qtrue # first time
- *    ctx.setup => nil # thereafter
- *
- * This method is called automatically when a new SSLSocket is created.
- * Normally you do not need to call this method (unless you are writing an extension in C).
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -473,10 +307,10 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 	SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_dh_callback);
     }
     else{
+	rb_warning("using default DH parameters.");
 	SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_default_tmp_dh_callback);
     }
 #endif
-    SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void*)self);
 
     val = ossl_sslctx_get_cert_store(self);
     if(!NIL_P(val)){
@@ -493,7 +327,7 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
 
     val = ossl_sslctx_get_extra_cert(self);
     if(!NIL_P(val)){
-	rb_block_call(val, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
+	rb_iterate(rb_each, val, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
     }
 
     /* private key may be bundled in certificate file. */
@@ -518,8 +352,8 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
     val = ossl_sslctx_get_client_ca(self);
     if(!NIL_P(val)){
 	if(TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY){
-	    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++){
-		client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY_PTR(val)[i]);
+	    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY(val)->len; i++){
+		client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY(val)->ptr[i]);
         	if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
 		    /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
         	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
@@ -563,24 +397,12 @@ ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
     val = ossl_sslctx_get_sess_id_ctx(self);
     if (!NIL_P(val)){
 	StringValue(val);
-	if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(val),
-					    RSTRING_LEN(val))){
-	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context:");
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, RSTRING(val)->ptr,
+					    RSTRING(val)->len)){
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context:");
 	}
     }
 
-    if (RTEST(rb_iv_get(self, "@session_get_cb"))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback added");
-    }
-    if (RTEST(rb_iv_get(self, "@session_new_cb"))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback added");
-    }
-    if (RTEST(rb_iv_get(self, "@session_remove_cb"))) {
-	SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb);
-	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback added");
-    }
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
@@ -600,10 +422,6 @@ ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(SSL_CIPHER *cipher)
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ctx.ciphers => [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -632,12 +450,6 @@ ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers(VALUE self)
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ctx.ciphers = "cipher1:cipher2:..."
- *    ctx.ciphers = [name, ...]
- *    ctx.ciphers = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
 {
@@ -650,12 +462,12 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
 	return v;
     else if (TYPE(v) == T_ARRAY) {
         str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
-        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(v); i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY(v)->len; i++) {
             elem = rb_ary_entry(v, i);
             if (TYPE(elem) == T_ARRAY) elem = rb_ary_entry(elem, 0);
             elem = rb_String(elem);
             rb_str_append(str, elem);
-            if (i < RARRAY_LEN(v)-1) rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
+            if (i < RARRAY(v)->len-1) rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
         }
     } else {
         str = v;
@@ -667,173 +479,13 @@ ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX is not initialized.");
         return Qnil;
     }
-    if (!SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(str))) {
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, RSTRING(str)->ptr)) {
         ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list:");
     }
 
     return v;
 }
 
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_add(session) -> true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_session_add(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-    SSL_SESSION *sess;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-    SafeGetSSLSession(arg, sess);
-
-    return SSL_CTX_add_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_remove(session) -> true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_session_remove(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-    SSL_SESSION *sess;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-    SafeGetSSLSession(arg, sess);
-
-    return SSL_CTX_remove_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_cache_mode -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode(VALUE self)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_session_cache_mode(ctx));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_cache_mode=(integer) -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
-
-    return arg;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_cache_size -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size(VALUE self)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_get_cache_size(ctx));
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_cache_size=(integer) -> integer
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
-
-    return arg;
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.session_cache_stats -> Hash
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats(VALUE self)
-{
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-    VALUE hash;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    hash = rb_hash_new();
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_num")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_number(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_good(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_good(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_hits(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cb_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cb_hits(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_misses")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_misses(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_full")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cache_full(ctx)));
-    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("timeouts")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_timeouts(ctx)));
-
-    return hash;
-}
-
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ctx.flush_sessions(time | nil) -> self
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
-    VALUE arg1;
-    SSL_CTX *ctx;
-    time_t tm = 0;
-    int cb_state;
-
-    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1);
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL_CTX, ctx);
-
-    if (NIL_P(arg1)) {
-        tm = time(0);
-    } else if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(arg1, rb_cTime)) {
-        tm = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(arg1, rb_intern("to_i"), 0));
-    } else {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "arg must be Time or nil");
-    }
-
-    SSL_CTX_flush_sessions(ctx, tm);
-
-    return self;
-}
-
 /*
  * SSLSocket class
  */
@@ -859,20 +511,6 @@ ossl_ssl_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, ossl_ssl_free, NULL);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    SSLSocket.new(io) => aSSLSocket
- *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx) => aSSLSocket
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +io+ is a real ruby IO object.  Not an IO like object that responds to read/write.
- * * +ctx+ is an OpenSSLSSL::SSLContext.
- *
- * The OpenSSL::Buffering module provides additional IO methods.
- *
- * This method will freeze the SSLContext if one is provided;
- * however, session management is still allowed in the frozen SSLContext.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -898,7 +536,7 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
     VALUE io, v_ctx, cb;
     SSL_CTX *ctx;
     SSL *ssl;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
     if(!ssl){
@@ -915,7 +553,7 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
         GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
         rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
         rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
-        SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr)));
+        SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(fileno(fptr->f)));
 	SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void*)self);
 	cb = ossl_sslctx_get_verify_cb(v_ctx);
 	SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx, (void*)cb);
@@ -929,85 +567,61 @@ ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) (errno = WSAGetLastError(), SSL_get_error(ssl, ret))
+#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) \
+  (errno = WSAGetLastError(), SSL_get_error(ssl, ret))
 #else
 #define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) SSL_get_error(ssl, ret)
 #endif
 
 static VALUE
-ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(), const char *funcname)
+ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)())
 {
     SSL *ssl;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
-    int ret, ret2;
-    VALUE cb_state;
-
-    rb_ivar_set(self, ID_callback_state, Qnil);
+    OpenFile *fptr;
+    int ret;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
     GetOpenFile(ossl_ssl_get_io(self), fptr);
     for(;;){
 	if((ret = func(ssl)) > 0) break;
-	switch((ret2 = ssl_get_error(ssl, ret))){
+	switch(ssl_get_error(ssl, ret)){
 	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
-            rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+            rb_io_wait_writable(fileno(fptr->f));
             continue;
 	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
-            rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+            rb_io_wait_readable(fileno(fptr->f));
             continue;
 	case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
-	    if (errno) rb_sys_fail(funcname);
-	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s SYSCALL returned=%d errno=%d state=%s", funcname, ret2, errno, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+	    if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
 	default:
-	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s returned=%d errno=%d state=%s", funcname, ret2, errno, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
 	}
     }
 
-    cb_state = rb_ivar_get(self, ID_callback_state);
-    if (!NIL_P(cb_state))
-        rb_jump_tag(NUM2INT(cb_state));
-
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.connect => self
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_connect(VALUE self)
 {
     ossl_ssl_setup(self);
-    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect, "SSL_connect");
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.accept => self
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_accept(VALUE self)
 {
     ossl_ssl_setup(self);
-    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept, "SSL_accept");
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.sysread(length) => string
- *    ssl.sysread(length, buffer) => buffer
- *
- * === Parameters
- * * +length+ is a positive integer.
- * * +buffer+ is a string used to store the result.
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     SSL *ssl;
     int ilen, nread = 0;
     VALUE len, str;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &len, &str);
     ilen = NUM2INT(len);
@@ -1023,19 +637,19 @@ ossl_ssl_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     GetOpenFile(ossl_ssl_get_io(self), fptr);
     if (ssl) {
 	if(SSL_pending(ssl) <= 0)
-	    rb_thread_wait_fd(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+	    rb_thread_wait_fd(fileno(fptr->f));
 	for (;;){
-	    nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+	    nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
 	    switch(ssl_get_error(ssl, nread)){
 	    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
 		goto end;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
 		rb_eof_error();
 	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
-                rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                rb_io_wait_writable(fileno(fptr->f));
                 continue;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
-                rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                rb_io_wait_readable(fileno(fptr->f));
 		continue;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 		if(ERR_peek_error() == 0 && nread == 0) rb_eof_error();
@@ -1052,22 +666,19 @@ ossl_ssl_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     }
 
   end:
-    rb_str_set_len(str, nread);
+    RSTRING(str)->len = nread;
+    RSTRING(str)->ptr[nread] = 0;
     OBJ_TAINT(str);
 
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.syswrite(string) => integer
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 {
     SSL *ssl;
     int nwrite = 0;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     StringValue(str);
     Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
@@ -1075,15 +686,15 @@ ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
 
     if (ssl) {
 	for (;;){
-	    nwrite = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+	    nwrite = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING(str)->ptr, RSTRING(str)->len);
 	    switch(ssl_get_error(ssl, nwrite)){
 	    case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
 		goto end;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
-                rb_io_wait_writable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                rb_io_wait_writable(fileno(fptr->f));
                 continue;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
-                rb_io_wait_readable(FPTR_TO_FD(fptr));
+                rb_io_wait_readable(fileno(fptr->f));
                 continue;
 	    case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 		if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
@@ -1102,10 +713,6 @@ ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
     return INT2NUM(nwrite);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.sysclose => nil
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_close(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1119,10 +726,6 @@ ossl_ssl_close(VALUE self)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.cert => cert or nil
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_cert(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1147,10 +750,6 @@ ossl_ssl_get_cert(VALUE self)
     return ossl_x509_new(cert);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.peer_cert => cert or nil
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1176,10 +775,6 @@ ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert(VALUE self)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.peer_cert_chain => [cert, ...] or nil
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1206,10 +801,6 @@ ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain(VALUE self)
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.cipher => [name, version, bits, alg_bits]
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_cipher(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1226,10 +817,6 @@ ossl_ssl_get_cipher(VALUE self)
     return ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(cipher);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.state => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_get_state(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1249,10 +836,6 @@ ossl_ssl_get_state(VALUE self)
     return ret;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    ssl.pending => integer
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_ssl_pending(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -1267,83 +850,15 @@ ossl_ssl_pending(VALUE self)
     return INT2NUM(SSL_pending(ssl));
 }
 
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ssl.session_reused? -> true | false
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_ssl_session_reused(VALUE self)
-{
-    SSL *ssl;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
-    if (!ssl) {
-        rb_warning("SSL session is not started yet.");
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-
-    switch(SSL_session_reused(ssl)) {
-    case 1:	return Qtrue;
-    case 0:	return Qfalse;
-    default:	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_session_reused");
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- *  call-seq:
- *     ssl.session = session -> session
- *
- */
-static VALUE
-ossl_ssl_set_session(VALUE self, VALUE arg1)
-{
-    SSL *ssl;
-    SSL_SESSION *sess;
-
-/* why is ossl_ssl_setup delayed? */
-    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
-    if (!ssl) {
-        rb_warning("SSL session is not started yet.");
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-
-    SafeGetSSLSession(arg1, sess);
-
-    if (SSL_set_session(ssl, sess) != 1)
-        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_session");
-
-    return arg1;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ossl_ssl_get_verify_result(VALUE self)
-{
-    SSL *ssl;
-
-    Data_Get_Struct(self, SSL, ssl);
-    if (!ssl) {
-        rb_warning("SSL session is not started yet.");
-        return Qnil;
-    }
-
-    return INT2FIX(SSL_get_verify_result(ssl));
-}
-
 void
 Init_ossl_ssl()
 {
     int i;
-    VALUE ary;
 
 #if 0 /* let rdoc know about mOSSL */
     mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
 #endif
 
-    ID_callback_state = rb_intern("@callback_state");
-
     ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,"ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx",0,0,0);
     ossl_ssl_ex_store_p = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,"ossl_ssl_ex_store_p",0,0,0);
     ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0,"ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx",0,0,0);
@@ -1355,60 +870,16 @@ Init_ossl_ssl()
     mSSL = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "SSL");
     eSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLError", eOSSLError);
 
-    Init_ossl_ssl_session();
-
-    /* class SSLContext
-     *
-     * The following attributes are available but don't show up in rdoc.
-     * All attributes must be set before calling SSLSocket.new(io, ctx).
-     * * ssl_version, cert, key, client_ca, ca_file, ca_path, timeout,
-     * * verify_mode, verify_depth client_cert_cb, tmp_dh_callback,
-     * * session_id_context, session_add_cb, session_new_cb, session_remove_cb
-     */
+    /* class SSLContext */
     cSSLContext = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLContext", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLContext, ossl_sslctx_s_alloc);
     for(i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_sslctx_attrs); i++)
         rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern(ossl_sslctx_attrs[i]), 1, 1, Qfalse);
-    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ssl_timeout", "timeout");
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "initialize",  ossl_sslctx_initialize, -1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ssl_version=", ossl_sslctx_set_ssl_version, 1);
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers",     ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers, 0);
     rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers=",    ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers, 1);
 
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "setup", ossl_sslctx_setup, 0);
-
-    
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_OFF", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF));
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT)); /* doesn't actually do anything in 0.9.8e */
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_SERVER", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER));
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_BOTH", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_BOTH)); /* no different than CACHE_SERVER in 0.9.8e */
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR));
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP));
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE));
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL", LONG2FIX(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL));
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_add",     ossl_sslctx_session_add, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_remove",     ossl_sslctx_session_remove, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_stats",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "flush_sessions",     ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions, -1);
-
-    ary = rb_ary_new2(numberof(ossl_ssl_method_tab));
-    for (i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_ssl_method_tab); i++) {
-        rb_ary_push(ary, ID2SYM(rb_intern(ossl_ssl_method_tab[i].name)));
-    }
-    rb_obj_freeze(ary);
-    /* holds a list of available SSL/TLS methods */
-    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "METHODS", ary);
-
-    /* class SSLSocket
-     *
-     * The following attributes are available but don't show up in rdoc.
-     * * io, context, sync_close
-     *
-     */
+    /* class SSLSocket */
     cSSLSocket = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLSocket", rb_cObject);
     rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSocket, ossl_ssl_s_alloc);
     for(i = 0; i < numberof(ossl_ssl_attr_readers); i++)
@@ -1428,9 +899,6 @@ Init_ossl_ssl()
     rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "cipher",     ossl_ssl_get_cipher, 0);
     rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "state",      ossl_ssl_get_state, 0);
     rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "pending",    ossl_ssl_pending, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session_reused?",    ossl_ssl_session_reused, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session=",    ossl_ssl_set_session, 1);
-    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "verify_result", ossl_ssl_get_verify_result, 0);
 
 #define ossl_ssl_def_const(x) rb_define_const(mSSL, #x, INT2FIX(SSL_##x))
 
@@ -1466,9 +934,6 @@ Init_ossl_ssl()
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_SSLv2);
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_SSLv3);
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TLSv1);
-#if defined(SSL_OP_NO_TICKET)
-    ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NO_TICKET);
-#endif
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1);
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2);
     ossl_ssl_def_const(OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
index 487f41216c..5929eef856 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.h
@@ -11,26 +11,11 @@
 #if !defined(_OSSL_SSL_H_)
 #define _OSSL_SSL_H_
 
-#define GetSSLSession(obj, sess) do { \
-	Data_Get_Struct(obj, SSL_SESSION, sess); \
-	if (!sess) { \
-		ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL Session wasn't initialized."); \
-	} \
-} while (0)
-
-#define SafeGetSSLSession(obj, sess) do { \
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cSSLSession); \
-	GetSSLSession(obj, sess); \
-} while (0)
-        
 extern VALUE mSSL;
 extern VALUE eSSLError;
 extern VALUE cSSLSocket;
 extern VALUE cSSLContext;
-extern VALUE cSSLSession;
 
 void Init_ossl_ssl(void);
-void Init_ossl_ssl_session(void);
 
 #endif /* _OSSL_SSL_H_ */
-
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 63c2bbb87a..0000000000
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl_session.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,298 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
- */
-
-#include "ossl.h"
-
-#define GetSSLSession(obj, sess) do { \
-	Data_Get_Struct(obj, SSL_SESSION, sess); \
-	if (!sess) { \
-		ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL Session wasn't initialized."); \
-	} \
-} while (0)
-
-#define SafeGetSSLSession(obj, sess) do { \
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(obj, cSSLSession); \
-	GetSSLSession(obj, sess); \
-} while (0)
-        
-
-VALUE cSSLSession;
-static VALUE eSSLSession;
-
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_alloc(VALUE klass)
-{
-	return Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, SSL_SESSION_free, NULL);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    Session.new(SSLSocket | string) => session
- *
- * === Parameters
- * +SSLSocket+ is an OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket
- * +string+ must be a DER or PEM encoded Session.
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE arg1)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx = NULL;
-	VALUE obj;
-	unsigned char *p;
-
-	if (RDATA(self)->data)
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL Session already initialized");
-
-	if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(arg1, cSSLSocket)) {
-		SSL *ssl;
-
-		Data_Get_Struct(arg1, SSL, ssl);
-
-		if (!ssl || (ctx = SSL_get1_session(ssl)) == NULL)
-			ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "no session available");
-	} else {
-		BIO *in = ossl_obj2bio(arg1);
-
-		ctx = PEM_read_bio_SSL_SESSION(in, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-
-		if (!ctx) {
-			BIO_reset(in);
-			ctx = d2i_SSL_SESSION_bio(in, NULL);
-		}
-
-		BIO_free(in);
-
-		if (!ctx)
-			ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown type");
-	}
-
-	/* should not happen */
-	if (ctx == NULL)
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "ctx not set - internal error");
-
-	RDATA(self)->data = ctx;
-
-	return self;
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session1 == session2 -> boolean
- *
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_eq(VALUE val1, VALUE val2)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx1, *ctx2;
-
-	GetSSLSession(val1, ctx1);
-	SafeGetSSLSession(val2, ctx2);
-
-	switch (SSL_SESSION_cmp(ctx1, ctx2)) {
-	case 0:		return Qtrue;
-	default:	return Qfalse;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.time -> Time
- *
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_get_time(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	time_t t;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	t = SSL_SESSION_get_time(ctx);
-
-	if (t == 0)
-		return Qnil;
-
-	return rb_funcall(rb_cTime, rb_intern("at"), 1, LONG2NUM(t));
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.timeout -> integer
- *
- * How long until the session expires in seconds.
- *
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	time_t t;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	t = SSL_SESSION_get_timeout(ctx);
-
-	return ULONG2NUM(t);
-}
-
-#define SSLSESSION_SET_TIME(func)						\
-	static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_set_##func(VALUE self, VALUE time_v)	\
-	{									\
-		SSL_SESSION *ctx;						\
-		time_t t;							\
-										\
-		GetSSLSession(self, ctx);					\
-										\
-		if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(time_v, rb_cTime)) {			\
-			time_v = rb_funcall(time_v, rb_intern("to_i"), 0);	\
-		} else if (FIXNUM_P(time_v)) {					\
-			;							\
-		} else {							\
-			rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown type");			\
-		}								\
-										\
-		t = NUM2ULONG(time_v);						\
-										\
-		SSL_SESSION_set_##func(ctx, t);					\
-										\
-		return ossl_ssl_session_get_##func(self);			\
-	}
-
-SSLSESSION_SET_TIME(time)
-SSLSESSION_SET_TIME(timeout)
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SESSION_GET_ID
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.id -> aString
- *
- * Returns the Session ID.
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_get_id(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	const unsigned char *p = NULL;
-	unsigned int i = 0;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	p = SSL_SESSION_get_id(ctx, &i);
-
-	return rb_str_new((const char *) p, i);
-}
-#endif
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.to_der -> aString
- *
- * Returns an ASN1 encoded String that contains the Session object.
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_der(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	unsigned char buf[1024*10], *p;
-	int len;
-
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	p = buf;
-	len = i2d_SSL_SESSION(ctx, &p);
-
-	if (len <= 0)
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "i2d_SSL_SESSION");
-	else if (len >= sizeof(buf))
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "i2d_SSL_SESSION too large");
-
-	return rb_str_new((const char *) p, len);
-}
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.to_pem -> String
- *
- * Returns a PEM encoded String that contains the Session object.
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_pem(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	BIO *out;
-	BUF_MEM *buf;
-	VALUE str;
-	int i;
-         
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
-	}
-
-	if (!(i=PEM_write_bio_SSL_SESSION(out, ctx))) {
-		BIO_free(out);
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
-	}
-
-	BIO_get_mem_ptr(out, &buf);
-	str = rb_str_new(buf->data, buf->length);
-	BIO_free(out);
-
-	return str;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    session.to_text -> String
- *
- * Shows everything in the Session object.
-*/
-static VALUE ossl_ssl_session_to_text(VALUE self)
-{
-	SSL_SESSION *ctx;
-	BIO *out;
-	BUF_MEM *buf;
-	VALUE str;
-         
-	GetSSLSession(self, ctx);
-
-	if (!(out = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()))) {
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "BIO_s_mem()");
-	}
-
-	if (!SSL_SESSION_print(out, ctx)) {
-		BIO_free(out);
-		ossl_raise(eSSLSession, "SSL_SESSION_print()");
-	}
-
-	BIO_get_mem_ptr(out, &buf);
-	str = rb_str_new(buf->data, buf->length);
-	BIO_free(out);
-
-	return str;
-}
-                                                     
-
-void Init_ossl_ssl_session(void)
-{
-#if 0 /* let rdoc know about mOSSL */
-	mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
-	mSSL = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "SSL");
-#endif
-	cSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "Session", rb_cObject);
-	eSSLSession = rb_define_class_under(cSSLSession, "SessionError", eOSSLError);
-
-	rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSession, ossl_ssl_session_alloc);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "initialize", ossl_ssl_session_initialize, 1);
-
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "==", ossl_ssl_session_eq, 1);
-
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time", ossl_ssl_session_get_time, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "time=", ossl_ssl_session_set_time, 1);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout", ossl_ssl_session_get_timeout, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "timeout=", ossl_ssl_session_set_timeout, 1);
-
-#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SESSION_GET_ID
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "id", ossl_ssl_session_get_id, 0);
-#else
-	rb_undef_method(cSSLSession, "id");
-#endif
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_der", ossl_ssl_session_to_der, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_pem", ossl_ssl_session_to_pem, 0);
-	rb_define_method(cSSLSession, "to_text", ossl_ssl_session_to_text, 0);
-}
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
index ca1c59aba9..7b88e294a9 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509attr.c
@@ -84,10 +84,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    Attribute.new(oid [, value]) => attr
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -99,9 +95,9 @@ ossl_x509attr_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &oid, &value) == 1){
 	oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
 	StringValue(oid);
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(oid);
+	p = RSTRING(oid)->ptr;
 	if(!d2i_X509_ATTRIBUTE((X509_ATTRIBUTE**)&DATA_PTR(self),
-			       &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid))){
+			       &p, RSTRING(oid)->len)){
 	    ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
 	}
 	return self;
@@ -112,10 +108,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    attr.oid = string => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_set_oid(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
 {
@@ -133,10 +125,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_set_oid(VALUE self, VALUE oid)
     return oid;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    attr.oid => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_get_oid(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -168,10 +156,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_get_oid(VALUE self)
 #  define OSSL_X509ATTR_SET_SINGLE(attr) ((attr)->set = 0)
 #endif
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    attr.value = asn1 => asn1
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE value)
 {
@@ -195,10 +179,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE value)
     return value;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    attr.value => asn1
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_get_value(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -212,7 +192,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_get_value(VALUE self)
     if(OSSL_X509ATTR_IS_SINGLE(attr)){
 	length = i2d_ASN1_TYPE(attr->value.single, NULL);
 	str = rb_str_new(0, length);
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+	p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
 	i2d_ASN1_TYPE(attr->value.single, &p);
 	ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
     }
@@ -220,7 +200,7 @@ ossl_x509attr_get_value(VALUE self)
 	length = i2d_ASN1_SET_OF_ASN1_TYPE(attr->value.set, NULL,
 			i2d_ASN1_TYPE, V_ASN1_SET, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL, 0);
 	str = rb_str_new(0, length);
-	p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+	p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
 	i2d_ASN1_SET_OF_ASN1_TYPE(attr->value.set, &p,
 			i2d_ASN1_TYPE, V_ASN1_SET, V_ASN1_UNIVERSAL, 0);
 	ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -230,10 +210,6 @@ ossl_x509attr_get_value(VALUE self)
     return asn1;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    attr.to_der => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509attr_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -246,10 +222,10 @@ ossl_x509attr_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_X509_ATTRIBUTE(attr, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_X509_ATTRIBUTE(attr, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509AttrError, NULL);
-    rb_str_set_len(str, p - (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(str)); 
+    RSTRING(str)->len = p - (unsigned char*)RSTRING(str)->ptr; 
 
     return str;
 }
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
index b97f27ffa9..fc587a31f3 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509cert.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ ossl_x509_new_from_file(VALUE filename)
     VALUE obj;
 
     SafeStringValue(filename);
-    if (!(fp = fopen(RSTRING_PTR(filename), "r"))) {
+    if (!(fp = fopen(RSTRING(filename)->ptr, "r"))) {
 	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, "%s", strerror(errno));
     }
     x509 = PEM_read_X509(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL);
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@ ossl_x509_alloc(VALUE klass)
     return obj;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    Certificate.new => cert
- *    Certificate.new(string) => cert
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -174,10 +169,6 @@ ossl_x509_copy(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.to_der => string
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -190,7 +181,7 @@ ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
     if ((len = i2d_X509(x509, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if (i2d_X509(x509, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -198,10 +189,6 @@ ossl_x509_to_der(VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.to_pem => string
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_to_pem(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -222,10 +209,6 @@ ossl_x509_to_pem(VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.to_text => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509_to_text(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -269,10 +252,6 @@ ossl_x509_to_req(VALUE self)
 }
 #endif
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.version => integer
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_version(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -283,10 +262,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_version(VALUE self)
     return LONG2NUM(X509_get_version(x509));
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.version = integer => integer
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
 {
@@ -304,10 +279,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_version(VALUE self, VALUE version)
     return version;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.serial => integer
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_serial(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -318,10 +289,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_serial(VALUE self)
     return asn1integer_to_num(X509_get_serialNumber(x509));
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.serial = integer => integer
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
 {
@@ -335,10 +302,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_serial(VALUE self, VALUE num)
     return num;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.signature_algorithm => string
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -359,10 +322,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_signature_algorithm(VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.subject => name
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_subject(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -377,10 +336,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_subject(VALUE self)
     return ossl_x509name_new(name);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.subject = name => name
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
 {
@@ -394,10 +349,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_subject(VALUE self, VALUE subject)
     return subject;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.issuer => name
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_issuer(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -412,10 +363,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_issuer(VALUE self)
     return ossl_x509name_new(name);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.issuer = name => name
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
 {
@@ -429,10 +376,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_issuer(VALUE self, VALUE issuer)
     return issuer;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.not_before => time
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_not_before(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -447,10 +390,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_not_before(VALUE self)
     return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.not_before = time => time
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_not_before(VALUE self, VALUE time)
 {
@@ -466,10 +405,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_not_before(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     return time;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.not_after => time
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_not_after(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -484,10 +419,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_not_after(VALUE self)
     return asn1time_to_time(asn1time);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.not_before = time => time
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_not_after(VALUE self, VALUE time)
 {
@@ -503,10 +434,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_not_after(VALUE self, VALUE time)
     return time;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.public_key => key
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_public_key(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -521,10 +448,6 @@ ossl_x509_get_public_key(VALUE self)
     return ossl_pkey_new(pkey); /* NO DUP - OK */
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.public_key = key => key
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 {
@@ -538,10 +461,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_public_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
     return key;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.sign(key, digest) => self
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
 {
@@ -560,9 +479,6 @@ ossl_x509_sign(VALUE self, VALUE key, VALUE digest)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.verify(key) => true | false
- *
  * Checks that cert signature is made with PRIVversion of this PUBLIC 'key'
  */
 static VALUE 
@@ -585,9 +501,6 @@ ossl_x509_verify(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.check_private_key(key)
- *
  * Checks if 'key' is PRIV key for this cert
  */
 static VALUE 
@@ -608,8 +521,7 @@ ossl_x509_check_private_key(VALUE self, VALUE key)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.extensions => [extension...]
+ * Gets X509v3 extensions as array of X509Ext objects
  */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_get_extensions(VALUE self)
@@ -634,8 +546,7 @@ ossl_x509_get_extensions(VALUE self)
 }
 
 /*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.extensions = [ext...] => [ext...]
+ * Sets X509_EXTENSIONs
  */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
@@ -646,14 +557,14 @@ ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 	
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary's members should be X509Extension */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], cX509Ext);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509(self, x509);
     sk_X509_EXTENSION_pop_free(x509->cert_info->extensions, X509_EXTENSION_free);
     x509->cert_info->extensions = NULL;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
 	
 	if (!X509_add_ext(x509, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext - FREE it */
 	    X509_EXTENSION_free(ext);
@@ -665,10 +576,6 @@ ossl_x509_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     return ary;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    cert.add_extension(extension) => extension
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509_add_extension(VALUE self, VALUE extension)
 {
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
index be9ddacf48..0dc22416e7 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509crl.c
@@ -287,14 +287,14 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_revoked(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary members should be X509 Revoked */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], cX509Rev);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], cX509Rev);
     }
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     sk_X509_REVOKED_pop_free(crl->crl->revoked, X509_REVOKED_free);
     crl->crl->revoked = NULL;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	rev = DupX509RevokedPtr(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	rev = DupX509RevokedPtr(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
 	if (!X509_CRL_add0_revoked(crl, rev)) { /* NO DUP - don't free! */
 	    ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
 	}
@@ -461,14 +461,14 @@ ossl_x509crl_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
 	
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
     /* All ary members should be X509 Extensions */
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], cX509Ext);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509CRL(self, crl);
     sk_X509_EXTENSION_pop_free(crl->crl->extensions, X509_EXTENSION_free);
     crl->crl->extensions = NULL;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	ext = DupX509ExtPtr(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i]);
 	if(!X509_CRL_add_ext(crl, ext, -1)) { /* DUPs ext - FREE it */
 	    X509_EXTENSION_free(ext);
 	    ossl_raise(eX509CRLError, NULL);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
index aa9366f901..31ffec48fa 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509ext.c
@@ -229,23 +229,23 @@ ossl_x509extfactory_create_ext(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     StringValue(value);
     if(NIL_P(critical)) critical = Qfalse;
 
-    nid = OBJ_ln2nid(RSTRING_PTR(oid));
-    if(!nid) nid = OBJ_sn2nid(RSTRING_PTR(oid));
-    if(!nid) ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "unknown OID `%s'", RSTRING_PTR(oid));
+    nid = OBJ_ln2nid(RSTRING(oid)->ptr);
+    if(!nid) nid = OBJ_sn2nid(RSTRING(oid)->ptr);
+    if(!nid) ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "unknown OID `%s'", RSTRING(oid)->ptr);
     valstr = rb_str_new2(RTEST(critical) ? "critical," : "");
     rb_str_append(valstr, value);
     GetX509ExtFactory(self, ctx);
 #ifdef HAVE_X509V3_EXT_NCONF_NID
     rconf = rb_iv_get(self, "@config");
     conf = NIL_P(rconf) ? NULL : GetConfigPtr(rconf);
-    ext = X509V3_EXT_nconf_nid(conf, ctx, nid, RSTRING_PTR(valstr));
+    ext = X509V3_EXT_nconf_nid(conf, ctx, nid, RSTRING(valstr)->ptr);
 #else
     if (!empty_lhash) empty_lhash = lh_new(NULL, NULL);
-    ext = X509V3_EXT_conf_nid(empty_lhash, ctx, nid, RSTRING_PTR(valstr));
+    ext = X509V3_EXT_conf_nid(empty_lhash, ctx, nid, RSTRING(valstr)->ptr);
 #endif
     if (!ext){
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "%s = %s",
-		   RSTRING_PTR(oid), RSTRING_PTR(value));
+		   RSTRING(oid)->ptr, RSTRING(value)->ptr);
     }
     WrapX509Ext(cX509Ext, obj, ext);
 
@@ -280,9 +280,9 @@ ossl_x509ext_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     if(rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &oid, &value, &critical) == 1){
 	oid = ossl_to_der_if_possible(oid);
 	StringValue(oid);
-	p  = RSTRING_PTR(oid);
+	p  = RSTRING(oid)->ptr;
 	if(!d2i_X509_EXTENSION((X509_EXTENSION**)&DATA_PTR(self),
-			       &p, RSTRING_LEN(oid)))
+			       &p, RSTRING(oid)->len))
 	    ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
 	return self;
     }
@@ -319,14 +319,14 @@ ossl_x509ext_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE data)
 
     data = ossl_to_der_if_possible(data);
     StringValue(data);
-    if(!(s = OPENSSL_malloc(RSTRING_LEN(data))))
+    if(!(s = OPENSSL_malloc(RSTRING(data)->len)))
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, "malloc error");
-    memcpy(s, RSTRING_PTR(data), RSTRING_LEN(data));
+    memcpy(s, RSTRING(data)->ptr, RSTRING(data)->len);
     if(!(asn1s = ASN1_OCTET_STRING_new())){
 	free(s);
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     }
-    if(!M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(asn1s, s, RSTRING_LEN(data))){
+    if(!M_ASN1_OCTET_STRING_set(asn1s, s, RSTRING(data)->len)){
 	free(s);
 	ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free(asn1s);
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ ossl_x509ext_to_der(VALUE obj)
     if((len = i2d_X509_EXTENSION(ext, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_X509_EXTENSION(ext, &p) < 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509ExtError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
index b4434d2a34..076d61fb96 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509name.c
@@ -109,13 +109,6 @@ ossl_x509name_init_i(VALUE i, VALUE args)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    X509::Name.new => name
- *    X509::Name.new(string) => name
- *    X509::Name.new(dn) => name
- *    X509::Name.new(dn, template) => name
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -132,14 +125,14 @@ ossl_x509name_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 	    VALUE args;
 	    if(NIL_P(template)) template = OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE;
 	    args = rb_ary_new3(2, self, template);
-	    rb_block_call(tmp, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_x509name_init_i, args);
+	    rb_iterate(rb_each, tmp, ossl_x509name_init_i, args);
 	}
 	else{
 	    unsigned char *p;
 	    VALUE str = ossl_to_der_if_possible(arg);
 	    StringValue(str);
-	    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-	    if(!d2i_X509_NAME((X509_NAME**)&DATA_PTR(self), &p, RSTRING_LEN(str))){
+	    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
+	    if(!d2i_X509_NAME((X509_NAME**)&DATA_PTR(self), &p, RSTRING(str)->len)){
 		ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -148,10 +141,6 @@ ossl_x509name_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    name.add_entry(oid, value [, type]) => self
- */
 static
 VALUE ossl_x509name_add_entry(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
@@ -163,8 +152,8 @@ VALUE ossl_x509name_add_entry(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     StringValue(value);
     if(NIL_P(type)) type = rb_aref(OBJECT_TYPE_TEMPLATE, oid);
     GetX509Name(self, name);
-    if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, RSTRING_PTR(oid), NUM2INT(type),
-		RSTRING_PTR(value), RSTRING_LEN(value), -1, 0)) {
+    if (!X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt(name, RSTRING(oid)->ptr, NUM2INT(type),
+		RSTRING(value)->ptr, RSTRING(value)->len, -1, 0)) {
 	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     }
 
@@ -186,14 +175,9 @@ ossl_x509name_to_s_old(VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    name.to_s => string
- *    name.to_s(integer) => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
-{
+{           
     X509_NAME *name;
     VALUE flag, str;
     BIO *out;
@@ -215,10 +199,6 @@ ossl_x509name_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     return str;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    name.to_a => [[name, data, type], ...]
- */
 static VALUE 
 ossl_x509name_to_a(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -286,10 +266,6 @@ ossl_x509name_eql(VALUE self, VALUE other)
     return (result == 0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    name.hash => integer
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_hash(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -303,10 +279,6 @@ ossl_x509name_hash(VALUE self)
     return ULONG2NUM(hash);
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    name.to_der => string
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509name_to_der(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -319,7 +291,7 @@ ossl_x509name_to_der(VALUE self)
     if((len = i2d_X509_NAME(name, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if(i2d_X509_NAME(name, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509NameError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
index 13a42dddaf..d644250433 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509req.c
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ossl_x509req_to_der(VALUE self)
     if ((len = i2d_X509_REQ(req, NULL)) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509CertError, NULL);
     str = rb_str_new(0, len);
-    p = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    p = RSTRING(str)->ptr;
     if (i2d_X509_REQ(req, &p) <= 0)
 	ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
     ossl_str_adjust(str, p);
@@ -403,14 +403,14 @@ ossl_x509req_set_attributes(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     VALUE item;
 
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    for (i=0;i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], cX509Attr);
+    for (i=0;i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], cX509Attr);
     }
     GetX509Req(self, req);
     sk_X509_ATTRIBUTE_pop_free(req->req_info->attributes, X509_ATTRIBUTE_free);
     req->req_info->attributes = NULL;
-    for (i=0;i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	item = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+    for (i=0;i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	item = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i];
 	attr = DupX509AttrPtr(item);
 	if (!X509_REQ_add1_attr(req, attr)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eX509ReqError, NULL);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
index d0f816bad4..3ccac8d26a 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509revoked.c
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ ossl_x509revoked_set_extensions(VALUE self, VALUE ary)
     VALUE item;
 
     Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], cX509Ext);
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	OSSL_Check_Kind(RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i], cX509Ext);
     }
     GetX509Rev(self, rev);
     sk_X509_EXTENSION_pop_free(rev->extensions, X509_EXTENSION_free);
     rev->extensions = NULL;
-    for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
-	item = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];
+    for (i=0; i<RARRAY(ary)->len; i++) {
+	item = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[i];
 	ext = DupX509ExtPtr(item);
 	if(!X509_REVOKED_add_ext(rev, ext, -1)) {
 	    ossl_raise(eX509RevError, NULL);
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
index 769ce8a91a..cea845a1cc 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
+++ b/ext/openssl/ossl_x509store.c
@@ -118,18 +118,11 @@ ossl_x509store_set_vfy_cb(VALUE self, VALUE cb)
     return cb;
 }
 
-
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    X509::Store.new => store
- *
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509store_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     X509_STORE *store;
 
-/* BUG: This method takes any number of arguments but appears to ignore them. */
     GetX509Store(self, store);
     X509_STORE_set_verify_cb_func(store, ossl_verify_cb);
     ossl_x509store_set_vfy_cb(self, Qnil);
@@ -213,7 +206,7 @@ ossl_x509store_add_file(VALUE self, VALUE file)
 
     if(file != Qnil){
         Check_SafeStr(file);
-	path = RSTRING_PTR(file);
+	path = RSTRING(file)->ptr;
     }
     GetX509Store(self, store);
     lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_file());
@@ -234,7 +227,7 @@ ossl_x509store_add_path(VALUE self, VALUE dir)
 
     if(dir != Qnil){
         Check_SafeStr(dir);
-	path = RSTRING_PTR(dir);
+	path = RSTRING(dir)->ptr;
     }
     GetX509Store(self, store);
     lookup = X509_STORE_add_lookup(store, X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir());
@@ -458,7 +451,7 @@ ossl_x509stctx_set_error(VALUE self, VALUE err)
     X509_STORE_CTX *ctx;
 
     GetX509StCtx(self, ctx);
-    X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, NUM2INT(err));
+    X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, FIX2INT(err));
 
     return err;
 }
@@ -557,10 +550,6 @@ ossl_x509stctx_set_trust(VALUE self, VALUE trust)
     return trust;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *    storectx.time = time => time
- */
 static VALUE
 ossl_x509stctx_set_time(VALUE self, VALUE time)
 {
diff --git a/ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h b/ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h
index 64b76f26b4..4bd08890f8 100644
--- a/ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h
+++ b/ext/openssl/ruby_missing.h
@@ -9,33 +9,10 @@
  * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
  */
 #if !defined(_OSSL_RUBY_MISSING_H_)
-#define _OSSL_RUBY_MISSING_H_
+#define _OSS_RUBY_MISSING_H_
 
 #define rb_define_copy_func(klass, func) \
 	rb_define_method(klass, "initialize_copy", func, 1)
 
+#endif /* _OSS_RUBY_MISSING_H_ */
 
-#ifndef GetReadFile
-#define FPTR_TO_FD(fptr) (fptr->fd)
-#else
-#define FPTR_TO_FD(fptr) (fileno(GetReadFile(fptr)))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_IO_T
-#define rb_io_t OpenFile
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_STR_SET_LEN
-/* these methods should probably be backported to 1.8 */
-#define rb_str_set_len(str, length) do {	\
-	RSTRING(str)->ptr[length] = 0;		\
-	RSTRING(str)->len = length;		\
-} while(0)
-#endif /* ! HAVE_RB_STR_SET_LEN */
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_BLOCK_CALL
-/* the openssl module doesn't use arg[3-4] and arg2 is always rb_each */
-#define rb_block_call(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6) rb_iterate(rb_each, arg1, arg5, arg6)
-#endif /* ! HAVE_RB_BLOCK_CALL */
-
-#endif /* _OSSL_RUBY_MISSING_H_ */
diff --git a/ext/pty/expect_sample.rb b/ext/pty/expect_sample.rb
index 2a2e29f866..bf8a2352fe 100644
--- a/ext/pty/expect_sample.rb
+++ b/ext/pty/expect_sample.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ PTY.spawn("ftp ftp.ruby-lang.org") do |r_f,w_f,pid|
   
   $expect_verbose = false
   
+  r_f.expect(/^Name.*: /) do
+    w_f.print "ftp\n"
+  end
+  
   if !ENV['USER'].nil?
     username = ENV['USER']
   elsif !ENV['LOGNAME'].nil?
@@ -23,16 +27,19 @@ PTY.spawn("ftp ftp.ruby-lang.org") do |r_f,w_f,pid|
     username = 'guest'
   end
   
-  r_f.expect(/^(Name).*: |(word):|> /) do
-    w_f.puts($1 ? "ftp" : $2 ? "#{username}@" : "cd pub/ruby")
+  r_f.expect('word:') do
+    w_f.print username+"@\n"
+  end
+  r_f.expect("> ") do
+    w_f.print "cd pub/ruby\n"
   end
   r_f.expect("> ") do
     w_f.print "dir\n"
   end
   
-  r_f.expect(/[^\-]> /) do |output|
+  r_f.expect("> ") do |output|
     for x in output[0].split("\n")
-      if x =~ /(ruby.*?\.tar\.gz)/ then
+      if x =~ /(ruby.*\.tar\.gz)/ then
          fnames.push $1
       end
     end
diff --git a/ext/pty/pty.c b/ext/pty/pty.c
index 939335242f..206d4cd131 100644
--- a/ext/pty/pty.c
+++ b/ext/pty/pty.c
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@
 
 #if !defined(HAVE_OPENPTY)
 #if defined(__hpux)
-static const
-char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/ptym/pty%s",
-	SlaveDevice[] =  "/dev/pty/tty%s",
-	*const deviceNo[] = {
+static
+char	*MasterDevice = "/dev/ptym/pty%s",
+	*SlaveDevice =  "/dev/pty/tty%s",
+	*deviceNo[] = {
 		"p0","p1","p2","p3","p4","p5","p6","p7",
 		"p8","p9","pa","pb","pc","pd","pe","pf",
 		"q0","q1","q2","q3","q4","q5","q6","q7",
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/ptym/pty%s",
 		0,
 	};
 #elif defined(_IBMESA)  /* AIX/ESA */
-static const
-char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/ptyp%s",
-  	SlaveDevice[] = "/dev/ttyp%s",
-	*const deviceNo[] = {
+static
+char	*MasterDevice = "/dev/ptyp%s",
+  	*SlaveDevice = "/dev/ttyp%s",
+	*deviceNo[] = {
 "00","01","02","03","04","05","06","07","08","09","0a","0b","0c","0d","0e","0f",
 "10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","1a","1b","1c","1d","1e","1f",
 "20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","2a","2b","2c","2d","2e","2f",
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/ptyp%s",
 "f0","f1","f2","f3","f4","f5","f6","f7","f8","f9","fa","fb","fc","fd","fe","ff",
 		};
 #elif !defined(HAVE_PTSNAME)
-static const
-char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/pty%s",
-	SlaveDevice[] = "/dev/tty%s",
-	*const deviceNo[] = {
+static
+char	*MasterDevice = "/dev/pty%s",
+	*SlaveDevice = "/dev/tty%s",
+	*deviceNo[] = {
 		"p0","p1","p2","p3","p4","p5","p6","p7",
 		"p8","p9","pa","pb","pc","pd","pe","pf",
 		"q0","q1","q2","q3","q4","q5","q6","q7",
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ char	MasterDevice[] = "/dev/pty%s",
 #endif
 #endif /* !defined(HAVE_OPENPTY) */
 
+static char SlaveName[DEVICELEN];
+
 #ifndef HAVE_SETEUID
 # ifdef HAVE_SETREUID
 #  define seteuid(e)	setreuid(-1, (e))
@@ -153,15 +155,17 @@ pty_syswait(info)
 	cpid = rb_waitpid(info->child_pid, &status, WUNTRACED);
 	if (cpid == -1) return Qnil;
 
-#if defined(WIFSTOPPED)
-#elif defined(IF_STOPPED)
-#define WIFSTOPPED(status) IF_STOPPED(status)
-#else
----->> Either IF_STOPPED or WIFSTOPPED is needed <<----
-#endif /* WIFSTOPPED | IF_STOPPED */
+#if defined(IF_STOPPED)
+	if (IF_STOPPED(status)) { /* suspend */
+	    raise_from_wait("stopped", info);
+	}
+#elif defined(WIFSTOPPED)
 	if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) { /* suspend */
 	    raise_from_wait("stopped", info);
 	}
+#else
+---->> Either IF_STOPPED or WIFSTOPPED is needed <<----
+#endif /* WIFSTOPPED | IF_STOPPED */
 	else if (kill(info->child_pid, 0) == 0) {
 	    raise_from_wait("changed", info);
 	}
@@ -172,7 +176,7 @@ pty_syswait(info)
     }
 }
 
-static void getDevice _((int*, int*, char [DEVICELEN]));
+static void getDevice _((int*, int*));
 
 struct exec_info {
     int argc;
@@ -190,11 +194,10 @@ pty_exec(v)
 }
 
 static void
-establishShell(argc, argv, info, SlaveName)
+establishShell(argc, argv, info)
     int argc;
     VALUE *argv;
     struct pty_info *info;
-    char SlaveName[DEVICELEN];
 {
     int 		i,master,slave;
     char		*p, tmp, *getenv();
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ establishShell(argc, argv, info, SlaveName)
 	argc = 1;
 	argv = &v;
     }
-    getDevice(&master, &slave, SlaveName);
+    getDevice(&master,&slave);
 
     info->thread = rb_thread_current();
     if((i = fork()) < 0) {
@@ -304,9 +307,8 @@ pty_finalize_syswait(info)
 }
 
 static int
-get_device_once(master, slave, SlaveName, fail)
+get_device_once(master, slave, fail)
     int *master, *slave, fail;
-    char SlaveName[DEVICELEN];
 {
 #if defined HAVE_OPENPTY
 /*
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ get_device_once(master, slave, SlaveName, fail)
     }
 
     *slave = open(name, O_RDWR);
-    strncpy(SlaveName, name, sizeof SlaveName);
+    strcpy(SlaveName, name);
 
     return 0;
 #else /* HAVE__GETPTY */
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ get_device_once(master, slave, SlaveName, fail)
 #endif
 				*master = i;
 				*slave = j;
-				strncpy(SlaveName, pn, sizeof SlaveName);
+				strcpy(SlaveName, pn);
 				return 0;
 #if defined I_PUSH && !defined linux
 			    }
@@ -376,10 +378,10 @@ get_device_once(master, slave, SlaveName, fail)
     char MasterName[DEVICELEN];
 
     for (p = deviceNo; *p != NULL; p++) {
-	snprintf(MasterName, sizeof MasterName, MasterDevice, *p);
+	sprintf(MasterName,MasterDevice,*p);
 	if ((i = open(MasterName,O_RDWR,0)) >= 0) {
 	    *master = i;
-	    snprintf(SlaveName, sizeof SlaveName, SlaveDevice, *p);
+	    sprintf(SlaveName,SlaveDevice,*p);
 	    if ((j = open(SlaveName,O_RDWR,0)) >= 0) {
 		*slave = j;
 		chown(SlaveName, getuid(), getgid());
@@ -396,13 +398,12 @@ get_device_once(master, slave, SlaveName, fail)
 }
 
 static void
-getDevice(master, slave, slavename)
+getDevice(master, slave)
     int *master, *slave;
-    char slavename[DEVICELEN];
 {
-    if (get_device_once(master, slave, slavename, 0)) {
+    if (get_device_once(master, slave, 0)) {
 	rb_gc();
-	get_device_once(master, slave, slavename, 1);
+	get_device_once(master, slave, 1);
     }
 }
 
@@ -416,15 +417,14 @@ pty_getpty(argc, argv, self)
     VALUE res;
     struct pty_info info;
     struct pty_info thinfo;
-    rb_io_t *wfptr,*rfptr;
+    OpenFile *wfptr,*rfptr;
     VALUE rport = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cFile);
     VALUE wport = rb_obj_alloc(rb_cFile);
-    char SlaveName[DEVICELEN];
 
     MakeOpenFile(rport, rfptr);
     MakeOpenFile(wport, wfptr);
 
-    establishShell(argc, argv, &info, SlaveName);
+    establishShell(argc, argv, &info);
 
     rfptr->mode = rb_io_mode_flags("r");
     rfptr->f = fdopen(info.fd, "r");
diff --git a/ext/purelib.rb b/ext/purelib.rb
index dbe514c34a..10ee06176c 100644
--- a/ext/purelib.rb
+++ b/ext/purelib.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,3 @@
-nul = nil
-$:.each_with_index {|path, index|
-  if /\A(?:\.\/)*-\z/ =~ path
-    nul = index
-    break
-  end
-}
-if nul
+if nul = $:.index("-")
   $:[nul..-1] = ["."]
 end
diff --git a/ext/readline/readline.c b/ext/readline/readline.c
index c9acaadac9..82ddc8a3cb 100644
--- a/ext/readline/readline.c
+++ b/ext/readline/readline.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ readline_readline(argc, argv, self)
     char *prompt = NULL;
     char *buff;
     int status;
-    rb_io_t *ofp, *ifp;
+    OpenFile *ofp, *ifp;
 
     rb_secure(4);
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &tmp, &add_hist) > 0) {
diff --git a/ext/socket/addrinfo.h b/ext/socket/addrinfo.h
index e93adafba6..a22615ee00 100644
--- a/ext/socket/addrinfo.h
+++ b/ext/socket/addrinfo.h
@@ -61,15 +61,10 @@
 #undef NI_NUMERICSERV
 #undef NI_DGRAM
 
-#undef addrinfo
 #define addrinfo addrinfo__compat
-#undef getaddrinfo
 #define getaddrinfo getaddrinfo__compat
-#undef getnameinfo
 #define getnameinfo getnameinfo__compat
-#undef freehostent
 #define freehostent freehostent__compat
-#undef freeaddrinfo
 #define freeaddrinfo freeaddrinfo__compat
 
 #ifndef __P
diff --git a/ext/socket/extconf.rb b/ext/socket/extconf.rb
index ece615865f..8a13ddba73 100644
--- a/ext/socket/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/socket/extconf.rb
@@ -259,19 +259,6 @@ unless getaddr_info_ok and have_func("getnameinfo", "netdb.h") and have_func("ge
   have_func("inet_ntop") or have_func("inet_ntoa")
   have_func("inet_pton") or have_func("inet_aton")
   have_func("getservbyport")
-  if have_func("gai_strerror")
-    unless checking_for("gai_strerror() returns const pointer") {!try_compile(<<EOF)}
-#{cpp_include(headers)}
-#include <stdlib.h>
-void
-conftest_gai_strerror_is_const()
-{
-    *gai_strerror(0) = 0;
-}
-EOF
-      $defs << "-DGAI_STRERROR_CONST"
-    end
-  end
   have_header("arpa/nameser.h")
   have_header("resolv.h")
 end
diff --git a/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c b/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
index 9b82296dba..9fb4ebcb06 100644
--- a/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
+++ b/ext/socket/getaddrinfo.c
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@
  */
 
 #include "config.h"
-#ifdef RUBY_EXTCONF_H
-#include RUBY_EXTCONF_H
-#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__VMS)
 #include <sys/param.h>
@@ -202,8 +199,7 @@ if (pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME) {\
 
 #define ERR(err) { error = (err); goto bad; }
 
-#ifndef HAVE_GAI_STRERROR
-#ifdef GAI_STRERROR_CONST
+#if defined __UCLIBC__
 const
 #endif
 char *
@@ -214,7 +210,6 @@ gai_strerror(ecode)
 		ecode = EAI_MAX;
 	return (char *)ai_errlist[ecode];
 }
-#endif
 
 void
 freeaddrinfo(ai)
@@ -393,7 +388,7 @@ getaddrinfo(hostname, servname, hints, res)
 			port = htons((unsigned short)atoi(servname));
 		} else {
 			struct servent *sp;
-			const char *proto;
+			char *proto;
 
 			proto = NULL;
 			switch (pai->ai_socktype) {
diff --git a/ext/socket/socket.c b/ext/socket/socket.c
index 491823ad44..d037be02c7 100644
--- a/ext/socket/socket.c
+++ b/ext/socket/socket.c
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ init_sock(sock, fd)
     VALUE sock;
     int fd;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fp;
+    OpenFile *fp;
 
     MakeOpenFile(sock, fp);
     fp->f = rb_fdopen(fd, "r");
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ static VALUE
 bsock_s_for_fd(klass, fd)
     VALUE klass, fd;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE sock = init_sock(rb_obj_alloc(klass), NUM2INT(fd));
 
     GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ bsock_shutdown(argc, argv, sock)
 {
     VALUE howto;
     int how;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_TAINTED(sock)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't shutdown socket");
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ static VALUE
 bsock_close_read(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_TAINTED(sock)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't close socket");
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ static VALUE
 bsock_close_write(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_TAINTED(sock)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't close socket");
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ bsock_setsockopt(sock, lev, optname, val)
     VALUE sock, lev, optname, val;
 {
     int level, option;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     int i;
     char *v;
     int vlen;
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ bsock_getsockopt(sock, lev, optname)
     int level, option;
     socklen_t len;
     char *buf;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     level = NUM2INT(lev);
     option = NUM2INT(optname);
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ bsock_getsockname(sock)
 {
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t len = sizeof buf;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
     if (getsockname(fileno(fptr->f), (struct sockaddr*)buf, &len) < 0)
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ bsock_getpeername(sock)
 {
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t len = sizeof buf;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
     if (getpeername(fileno(fptr->f), (struct sockaddr*)buf, &len) < 0)
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ bsock_send(argc, argv, sock)
 {
     VALUE mesg, to;
     VALUE flags;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     FILE *f;
     int fd, n;
 
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ s_recvfrom(sock, argc, argv, from)
     VALUE *argv;
     enum sock_recv_type from;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE str;
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t alen = sizeof buf;
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ s_recvfrom(sock, argc, argv, from)
 static VALUE
 s_recvfrom_nonblock(VALUE sock, int argc, VALUE *argv, enum sock_recv_type from)
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE str;
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t alen = sizeof buf;
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ host_str(host, hbuf, len)
 	return NULL;
     }
     else if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(host, rb_cInteger)) {
-	unsigned long i = NUM2ULONG(host);
+	long i = NUM2LONG(host);
 
 	make_inetaddr(htonl(i), hbuf, len);
 	return hbuf;
@@ -1350,7 +1350,7 @@ static VALUE
 socks_s_close(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     if (rb_safe_level() >= 4 && !OBJ_TAINTED(sock)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't close socket");
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ make_fd_nonblock(int fd)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-s_accept_nonblock(VALUE klass, rb_io_t *fptr, struct sockaddr *sockaddr, socklen_t *len)
+s_accept_nonblock(VALUE klass, OpenFile *fptr, struct sockaddr *sockaddr, socklen_t *len)
 {
     int fd2;
 
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ static VALUE
 tcp_accept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_storage from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ tcp_accept(sock)
  * 	serv = TCPServer.new(2202)
  * 	begin
  * 	  sock = serv.accept_nonblock
- * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
+ * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
  * 	  IO.select([serv])
  * 	  retry
  * 	end
@@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ static VALUE
 tcp_accept_nonblock(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_storage from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ static VALUE
 tcp_sysaccept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_storage from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ init_unixsock(sock, path, server)
 {
     struct sockaddr_un sockaddr;
     int fd, status;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     SafeStringValue(path);
     fd = ruby_socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
@@ -1682,7 +1682,7 @@ static VALUE
 ip_addr(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_storage addr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof addr;
 
@@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ static VALUE
 ip_peeraddr(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_storage addr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof addr;
 
@@ -1778,7 +1778,7 @@ static VALUE
 udp_connect(sock, host, port)
     VALUE sock, host, port;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct udp_arg arg;
     VALUE ret;
 
@@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ static VALUE
 udp_bind(sock, host, port)
     VALUE sock, host, port;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct addrinfo *res0, *res;
 
     rb_secure(3);
@@ -1821,7 +1821,7 @@ udp_send(argc, argv, sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
     VALUE mesg, flags, host, port;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     FILE *f;
     int n;
     struct addrinfo *res0, *res;
@@ -1920,7 +1920,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_path(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
     if (fptr->path == 0) {
@@ -1967,7 +1967,7 @@ unix_send_io(sock, val)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_SENDMSG) && (FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL || FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_ACCRIGHTS)
     int fd;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct msghdr msg;
     struct iovec vec[1];
     char buf[1];
@@ -1975,12 +1975,12 @@ unix_send_io(sock, val)
 #if FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL
     struct {
 	struct cmsghdr hdr;
-        char pad[8+sizeof(int)+8];
+	int fd;
     } cmsg;
 #endif
 
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cIO)) {
-        rb_io_t *valfptr;
+        OpenFile *valfptr;
 	GetOpenFile(val, valfptr);
 	fd = fileno(valfptr->f);
     }
@@ -2005,13 +2005,12 @@ unix_send_io(sock, val)
 
 #if FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL
     msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsg;
-    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
     msg.msg_flags = 0;
-    MEMZERO((char*)&cmsg, char, sizeof(cmsg));
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
-    *(int *)CMSG_DATA(&cmsg.hdr) = fd;
+    cmsg.fd = fd;
 #else
     msg.msg_accrights = (caddr_t)&fd;
     msg.msg_accrightslen = sizeof(fd);
@@ -2048,7 +2047,7 @@ unix_recv_io(argc, argv, sock)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_RECVMSG) && (FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL || FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_ACCRIGHTS)
     VALUE klass, mode;
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct msghdr msg;
     struct iovec vec[2];
     char buf[1];
@@ -2057,7 +2056,7 @@ unix_recv_io(argc, argv, sock)
 #if FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL
     struct {
 	struct cmsghdr hdr;
-        char pad[8+sizeof(int)+8];
+	int fd;
     } cmsg;
 #endif
 
@@ -2086,7 +2085,7 @@ unix_recv_io(argc, argv, sock)
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
     cmsg.hdr.cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
-    *(int *)CMSG_DATA(&cmsg.hdr) = -1;
+    cmsg.fd = -1;
 #else
     msg.msg_accrights = (caddr_t)&fd;
     msg.msg_accrightslen = sizeof(fd);
@@ -2099,22 +2098,22 @@ unix_recv_io(argc, argv, sock)
 #if FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL
     if (msg.msg_controllen != CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))) {
       rb_raise(rb_eSocket,
-          "file descriptor was not passed (msg_controllen=%d, %d expected)",
+          "file descriptor was not passed (msg_controllen : %d != %d)",
           msg.msg_controllen, CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)));
     }
-    if (cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len != CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) {
+    if (cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len != CMSG_SPACE(0) + sizeof(int)) {
       rb_raise(rb_eSocket,
-          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_len=%d, %d expected)",
-          cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len, CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)));
+          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_len : %d != %d)",
+          cmsg.hdr.cmsg_len, CMSG_SPACE(0) + sizeof(int));
     }
     if (cmsg.hdr.cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET) {
       rb_raise(rb_eSocket,
-          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_level=%d, %d expected)",
+          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_level : %d != %d)",
           cmsg.hdr.cmsg_level, SOL_SOCKET);
     }
     if (cmsg.hdr.cmsg_type != SCM_RIGHTS) {
       rb_raise(rb_eSocket,
-          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_type=%d, %d expected)",
+          "file descriptor was not passed (cmsg_type : %d != %d)",
           cmsg.hdr.cmsg_type, SCM_RIGHTS);
     }
 #else
@@ -2126,7 +2125,7 @@ unix_recv_io(argc, argv, sock)
 #endif
 
 #if FD_PASSING_BY_MSG_CONTROL
-    fd = *(int *)CMSG_DATA(&cmsg.hdr);
+    fd = cmsg.fd;
 #endif
 
     if (klass == Qnil)
@@ -2152,7 +2151,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_accept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_un from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -2175,7 +2174,7 @@ unix_accept(sock)
  * 	serv = UNIXServer.new("/tmp/sock")
  * 	begin
  * 	  sock = serv.accept_nonblock
- * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
+ * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
  * 	  IO.select([serv])
  * 	  retry
  * 	end
@@ -2195,7 +2194,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_accept_nonblock(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_un from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -2209,7 +2208,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_sysaccept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_un from;
     socklen_t fromlen;
 
@@ -2231,7 +2230,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_addr(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_un addr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof addr;
 
@@ -2246,7 +2245,7 @@ static VALUE
 unix_peeraddr(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     struct sockaddr_un addr;
     socklen_t len = sizeof addr;
 
@@ -2526,7 +2525,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_connect(sock, addr)
     VALUE sock, addr;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     int fd;
 
     StringValue(addr);
@@ -2582,7 +2581,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_connect_nonblock(sock, addr)
     VALUE sock, addr;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     int n;
 
     StringValue(addr);
@@ -2680,7 +2679,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_bind(sock, addr)
     VALUE sock, addr;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
 
     StringValue(addr);
     GetOpenFile(sock, fptr);
@@ -2764,7 +2763,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_listen(sock, log)
     VALUE sock, log;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     int backlog;
 
     rb_secure(4);
@@ -2921,7 +2920,7 @@ sock_recvfrom(argc, argv, sock)
  * 	client, client_sockaddr = socket.accept
  * 	begin
  * 	  pair = client.recvfrom_nonblock(20)
- * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK
+ * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN
  * 	  IO.select([client])
  * 	  retry
  * 	end
@@ -3040,7 +3039,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_accept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE sock2;
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t len = sizeof buf;
@@ -3072,7 +3071,7 @@ sock_accept(sock)
  * 	socket.listen(5)
  * 	begin
  * 	  client_socket, client_sockaddr = socket.accept_nonblock
- * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
+ * 	rescue Errno::EAGAIN, Errno::ECONNABORTED, Errno::EPROTO, Errno::EINTR
  * 	  IO.select([socket])
  * 	  retry
  * 	end
@@ -3103,7 +3102,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_accept_nonblock(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE sock2;
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t len = sizeof buf;
@@ -3156,7 +3155,7 @@ static VALUE
 sock_sysaccept(sock)
     VALUE sock;
 {
-    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    OpenFile *fptr;
     VALUE sock2;
     char buf[1024];
     socklen_t len = sizeof buf;
diff --git a/ext/stringio/stringio.c b/ext/stringio/stringio.c
index 71b7b69f71..86ff56534c 100644
--- a/ext/stringio/stringio.c
+++ b/ext/stringio/stringio.c
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 #include "ruby.h"
 #include "rubyio.h"
-#include "re.h"
 #if defined(HAVE_FCNTL_H) || defined(_WIN32)
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #elif defined(HAVE_SYS_FCNTL_H)
@@ -163,7 +162,6 @@ static VALUE strio_rewind _((VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_seek _((int, VALUE *, VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_get_sync _((VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_each_byte _((VALUE));
-static VALUE strio_each_char _((VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_getc _((VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_ungetc _((VALUE, VALUE));
 static VALUE strio_readchar _((VALUE));
@@ -659,9 +657,6 @@ strio_seek(argc, argv, self)
 
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", NULL, &whence);
     offset = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
-    if (CLOSED(ptr)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closed stream");
-    }
     switch (NIL_P(whence) ? 0 : NUM2LONG(whence)) {
       case 0:
 	break;
@@ -672,7 +667,7 @@ strio_seek(argc, argv, self)
 	offset += RSTRING(ptr->string)->len;
 	break;
       default:
-	error_inval("invalid whence");
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid whence %ld", NUM2LONG(whence));
     }
     if (offset < 0) {
 	error_inval(0);
@@ -712,14 +707,11 @@ strio_each_byte(self)
     VALUE self;
 {
     struct StringIO *ptr = readable(StringIO(self));
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0);
-
-    while (ptr->pos < RSTRING_LEN(ptr->string)) {
-	char c = RSTRING_PTR(ptr->string)[ptr->pos++];
+    while (ptr->pos < RSTRING(ptr->string)->len) {
+	char c = RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr[ptr->pos++];
 	rb_yield(CHR2FIX(c));
     }
-    return self;
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -779,24 +771,15 @@ strio_ungetc(self, ch)
     int cc = NUM2INT(ch);
     long len, pos = ptr->pos;
 
-    if (cc != EOF) {
-	len = RSTRING(ptr->string)->len;
-	if (pos == 0) {
-	    char *p;
-	    rb_str_resize(ptr->string, len + 1);
-	    p = RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr;
-	    memmove(p + 1, p, len);
+    if (cc != EOF && pos > 0) {
+	if ((len = RSTRING(ptr->string)->len) < pos-- ||
+	    (unsigned char)RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr[pos] !=
+	    (unsigned char)cc) {
+	    strio_extend(ptr, pos, 1);
+	    RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr[pos] = cc;
+	    OBJ_INFECT(ptr->string, self);
 	}
-	else {
-	    if (len < pos-- ||
-		(unsigned char)RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr[pos] !=
-		(unsigned char)cc) {
-		strio_extend(ptr, pos, 1);
-	    }
-	    --ptr->pos;
-	}
-	RSTRING(ptr->string)->ptr[pos] = cc;
-	OBJ_INFECT(ptr->string, self);
+	--ptr->pos;
 	ptr->flags &= ~STRIO_EOF;
     }
     return Qnil;
@@ -817,41 +800,6 @@ strio_readchar(self)
     return c;
 }
 
-/*
- * call-seq:
- *   strio.each_char {|char| block }  -> strio
- *
- * See IO#each_char.
- */
-static VALUE
-strio_each_char(self)
-    VALUE self;
-{
-    struct StringIO *sio;
-    VALUE str;
-    const char *ptr;
-    size_t len;
-
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0);
-
-    sio = readable(StringIO(self));
-    str = sio->string;
-    ptr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
-    len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
-
-    while (sio->pos < len) {
-	int pos = sio->pos;
-	char c = ptr[pos];
-        int n = mbclen(c);
-
-	if (len < pos + n) n = len - pos;
-
-	sio->pos += n;
-        rb_yield(rb_str_substr(str, pos, n));
-    }
-    return self;
-}
-
 static void
 bm_init_skip(skip, pat, m)
      long *skip;
@@ -1020,8 +968,6 @@ strio_each(argc, argv, self)
     struct StringIO *ptr = StringIO(self);
     VALUE line;
 
-    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, argc, argv);
-
     while (!NIL_P(line = strio_getline(argc, argv, readable(ptr)))) {
 	rb_yield(line);
     }
@@ -1345,17 +1291,11 @@ Init_stringio()
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "path", strio_path, 0);
 
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "each", strio_each, -1);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "each_line", strio_each, -1);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "lines", strio_each, -1);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "each_byte", strio_each_byte, 0);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "bytes", strio_each_byte, 0);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "each_char", strio_each_char, 0);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "chars", strio_each_char, 0);
+    rb_define_method(StringIO, "each_line", strio_each, -1);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "getc", strio_getc, 0);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "getbyte", strio_getc, 0);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "ungetc", strio_ungetc, 1);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "readchar", strio_readchar, 0);
-    rb_define_method(StringIO, "readbyte", strio_readchar, 0);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "gets", strio_gets, -1);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "readline", strio_readline, -1);
     rb_define_method(StringIO, "readlines", strio_readlines, -1);
diff --git a/ext/syck/rubyext.c b/ext/syck/rubyext.c
index 76e8279601..6de3546308 100644
--- a/ext/syck/rubyext.c
+++ b/ext/syck/rubyext.c
@@ -268,13 +268,9 @@ rb_syck_mktime(str, len)
     {
         char padded[] = "000000";
         char *end = ptr + 1;
-        char *p = end;
         while ( isdigit( *end ) ) end++;
-        if (end - p < sizeof(padded)) {
-            MEMCPY(padded, ptr + 1, char, end - (ptr + 1));
-            p = padded;
-        }
-        usec = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+        MEMCPY(padded, ptr + 1, char, end - (ptr + 1));
+        usec = strtol(padded, NULL, 10);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -917,6 +913,7 @@ static VALUE
 syck_resolver_initialize( self )
     VALUE self;
 {
+    VALUE tags = rb_hash_new();
     rb_ivar_set(self, s_tags, rb_hash_new());
     return self;
 }
@@ -951,6 +948,7 @@ VALUE
 syck_resolver_detect_implicit( self, val )
     VALUE self, val;
 {
+    char *type_id;
     return rb_str_new2( "" );
 }
 
@@ -1306,6 +1304,7 @@ syck_genericresolver_node_import( self, node )
         break;
 
         case syck_seq_kind:
+            rb_iv_set(obj, "@kind", sym_seq);
             v = rb_ary_new2( syck_seq_count( n ) );
             for ( i = 0; i < syck_seq_count( n ); i++ )
             {
@@ -1316,10 +1315,10 @@ syck_genericresolver_node_import( self, node )
                 style = sym_inline;
             } 
             obj = rb_funcall( cSeq, s_new, 3, t, v, style );
-            rb_iv_set(obj, "@kind", sym_seq);
         break;
 
         case syck_map_kind:
+            rb_iv_set(obj, "@kind", sym_map);
             v = rb_hash_new();
             for ( i = 0; i < syck_map_count( n ); i++ )
             {
@@ -1330,7 +1329,6 @@ syck_genericresolver_node_import( self, node )
                 style = sym_inline;
             } 
             obj = rb_funcall( cMap, s_new, 3, t, v, style );
-            rb_iv_set(obj, "@kind", sym_map);
         break;
     }
 
@@ -2026,6 +2024,7 @@ syck_emitter_emit( argc, argv, self )
     VALUE self;
 {
     VALUE oid, proc;
+    char *anchor_name;
     SyckEmitter *emitter;
     struct emitter_xtra *bonus;
     SYMID symple;
diff --git a/ext/syslog/syslog.txt b/ext/syslog/syslog.txt
index 35bd4cb057..9aed35133d 100644
--- a/ext/syslog/syslog.txt
+++ b/ext/syslog/syslog.txt
@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@ Amos Gouaux, University of Texas at Dallas
 <amos+ruby@utdallas.edu>
 &
 Akinori MUSHA
-<knu@iDaemons.org>
-
-Contact:
-  - Akinori MUSHA <knu@iDaemons.org> (current maintainer)
+<knu@ruby-lang.org>
 
 ** Syslog(Module)
 
diff --git a/ext/thread/thread.c b/ext/thread/thread.c
index 298d7d08ca..bca807725e 100644
--- a/ext/thread/thread.c
+++ b/ext/thread/thread.c
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 #include <ruby.h>
 #include <intern.h>
 #include <rubysig.h>
+#include <node.h>
+
+enum rb_thread_status rb_thread_status _((VALUE));
 
 static VALUE rb_cMutex;
 static VALUE rb_cConditionVariable;
@@ -227,7 +230,9 @@ wake_one(List *list)
 
     waking = Qnil;
     while (list->entries && !RTEST(waking)) {
-	waking = wake_thread(shift_list(list));
+	waking = shift_list(list);
+	if (waking == Qundef) break;
+	waking = wake_thread(waking);
     }
 
     return waking;
@@ -242,29 +247,26 @@ wake_all(List *list)
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-extern int rb_thread_join _((VALUE thread, double limit));
-#define DELAY_INFTY 1E30
-
 static VALUE
-wait_list_inner(VALUE arg)
+wait_list_inner(List *list)
 {
-    push_list((List *)arg, rb_thread_current());
+    push_list(list, rb_thread_current());
     rb_thread_stop();
     return Qnil;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-wait_list_cleanup(VALUE arg)
+wait_list_cleanup(List *list)
 {
     /* cleanup in case of spurious wakeups */
-    remove_one((List *)arg, rb_thread_current());
+    remove_one(list, rb_thread_current());
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-static VALUE
+static void
 wait_list(List *list)
 {
-    return rb_ensure(wait_list_inner, (VALUE)list, wait_list_cleanup, (VALUE)list);
+    rb_ensure(wait_list_inner, (VALUE)list, wait_list_cleanup, (VALUE)list);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -393,25 +395,6 @@ rb_mutex_try_lock(VALUE self)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-static VALUE
-wait_mutex(VALUE arg)
-{
-    Mutex *mutex = (Mutex *)arg;
-    VALUE current = rb_thread_current();
-
-    push_list(&mutex->waiting, current);
-    do {
-	rb_thread_critical = 0;
-	rb_thread_join(mutex->owner, DELAY_INFTY);
-	rb_thread_critical = 1;
-	if (!MUTEX_LOCKED_P(mutex)) {
-	    mutex->owner = current;
-	    break;
-	}
-    } while (mutex->owner != current);
-    return Qnil;
-}
-
 /*
  * Document-method: lock
  * call-seq: lock
@@ -432,7 +415,14 @@ lock_mutex(Mutex *mutex)
 	mutex->owner = current;
     }
     else {
-	rb_ensure(wait_mutex, (VALUE)mutex, wait_list_cleanup, (VALUE)&mutex->waiting);
+	do {
+	    wait_list(&mutex->waiting);
+	    rb_thread_critical = 1;
+	    if (!MUTEX_LOCKED_P(mutex)) {
+		mutex->owner = current;
+		break;
+	    }
+	} while (mutex->owner != current);
     }
 
     rb_thread_critical = 0;
@@ -440,12 +430,6 @@ lock_mutex(Mutex *mutex)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-lock_mutex_call(VALUE mutex)
-{
-    return lock_mutex((Mutex *)mutex);
-}
-
-static VALUE
 rb_mutex_lock(VALUE self)
 {
     Mutex *mutex;
@@ -454,6 +438,22 @@ rb_mutex_lock(VALUE self)
     return self;
 }
 
+static VALUE
+relock_mutex(Mutex *mutex)
+{
+    VALUE current = rb_thread_current();
+
+    switch (rb_thread_status(current)) {
+      case THREAD_RUNNABLE:
+      case THREAD_STOPPED:
+	lock_mutex(mutex);
+	break;
+      default:
+	break;
+    }
+    return Qundef;
+}
+
 /*
  * Document-method: unlock
  *
@@ -498,12 +498,6 @@ unlock_mutex(Mutex *mutex)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-unlock_mutex_call(VALUE mutex)
-{
-    return unlock_mutex((Mutex *)mutex);
-}
-
-static VALUE
 rb_mutex_unlock(VALUE self)
 {
     Mutex *mutex;
@@ -656,18 +650,9 @@ rb_condvar_alloc(VALUE klass)
  *
  */
 
-static void condvar_wakeup(Mutex *mutex);
-
 static void
 wait_condvar(ConditionVariable *condvar, Mutex *mutex)
 {
-    condvar_wakeup(mutex);
-    rb_ensure(wait_list, (VALUE)&condvar->waiting, lock_mutex_call, (VALUE)mutex);
-}
-
-static void
-condvar_wakeup(Mutex *mutex)
-{
     VALUE waking;
 
     rb_thread_critical = 1;
@@ -679,6 +664,7 @@ condvar_wakeup(Mutex *mutex)
     if (RTEST(waking)) {
 	wake_thread(waking);
     }
+    rb_ensure(wait_list, (VALUE)&condvar->waiting, relock_mutex, (VALUE)mutex);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -761,13 +747,6 @@ signal_condvar(ConditionVariable *condvar)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-signal_condvar_call(VALUE condvar)
-{
-    signal_condvar((ConditionVariable *)condvar);
-    return Qundef;
-}
-
-static VALUE
 rb_condvar_signal(VALUE self)
 {
     ConditionVariable *condvar;
@@ -991,16 +970,6 @@ rb_queue_num_waiting(VALUE self)
     return result;
 }
 
-static void
-wait_queue(ConditionVariable *condvar, Mutex *mutex)
-{
-    condvar_wakeup(mutex);
-    wait_list(&condvar->waiting);
-    lock_mutex(mutex);
-}
-
-static VALUE queue_pop_inner(VALUE arg);
-
 /*
  * Document-method: pop
  * call_seq: pop(non_block=false)
@@ -1016,6 +985,7 @@ rb_queue_pop(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
 {
     Queue *queue;
     int should_block;
+    VALUE result;
     Data_Get_Struct(self, Queue, queue);
 
     if (argc == 0) {
@@ -1033,21 +1003,15 @@ rb_queue_pop(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
     }
 
     while (!queue->values.entries) {
-        wait_queue(&queue->value_available, &queue->mutex);
+        wait_condvar(&queue->value_available, &queue->mutex);
     }
 
-    return rb_ensure(queue_pop_inner, (VALUE)queue,
-		     unlock_mutex_call, (VALUE)&queue->mutex);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-queue_pop_inner(VALUE arg)
-{
-    Queue *queue = (Queue *)arg;
-    VALUE result = shift_list(&queue->values);
+    result = shift_list(&queue->values);
     if (queue->capacity && queue->values.size < queue->capacity) {
         signal_condvar(&queue->space_available);
     }
+    unlock_mutex(&queue->mutex);
+
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -1067,11 +1031,11 @@ rb_queue_push(VALUE self, VALUE value)
 
     lock_mutex(&queue->mutex);
     while (queue->capacity && queue->values.size >= queue->capacity) {
-        wait_queue(&queue->space_available, &queue->mutex);
+        wait_condvar(&queue->space_available, &queue->mutex);
     }
     push_list(&queue->values, value);
-    rb_ensure(signal_condvar_call, (VALUE)&queue->value_available,
-	      unlock_mutex_call, (VALUE)&queue->mutex);
+    signal_condvar(&queue->value_available);
+    unlock_mutex(&queue->mutex);
 
     return self;
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib b/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
index 8c5d01a954..359b466a32 100644
--- a/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
+++ b/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-2008-05-12  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
-
-	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb: wrong package name.
-
---------------< ... some changes ... >------------------
-
 2007-05-26  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist.rb: fix typo.
diff --git a/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eng b/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eng
index 6fa775b7de..1db61f228e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eng
+++ b/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eng
@@ -125,24 +125,7 @@ module TclTklib
          : Tcl7.6 doesn't have this flag. So PARSE_VARNAME is 
          : defined as 0. 
 
-  module TclTkLib::RELEASE_TYPE
-    : Defines release type number of Tcl/Tk
-
-       ALPHA
-         : ALPHA release
-
-       BETA
-         : BETA release
-
-       FINAL
-         : FINAL release
-
   [module methods]
-     get_version()
-        : return an array of major, minor, release-type number, 
-        : number, release-type name, and patchlevel of current 
-        : Tcl/Tk library.
-
      mainloop(check_root = true)
        : Starts the eventloop. If 'check_root' is true, this method 
        : doesn't return when a root widget exists. 
@@ -448,10 +431,6 @@ class TclTkIp
        : slave interpreter, same to the TclTkLib module method with
        : the same name. 
 
-    encoding_table
-       : For Ruby m17n. Return encoding relation table between Ruby's 
-       : Encoding object and Tcl's encoding name.
-
 class TkCallbackBreak < StandardError
 class TkCallbackContinue < StandardError
   : They are exception classes to break or continue the Tk callback 
@@ -462,8 +441,5 @@ class TkCallbackContinue < StandardError
   : If raise TkCallbackContinue, returns 'continue' code (Then the Tk
   : interpreter will break the operateion for the current bindtag and 
   : starts the operation for the next buindtag for the current event).
-  : However, current tcltklib supports Ruby's 'break' and 'next' to 
-  : get the same effect. That is, those classes are obsolete. Those 
-  : exist for backward compatibility. 
 
 (eof)
diff --git a/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eucj b/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eucj
index 7df42997b4..5dd36726ba 100644
--- a/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eucj
+++ b/ext/tk/MANUAL_tcltklib.eucj
@@ -221,23 +221,7 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
          : ¤«¤éÃê½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤«¤é¡¤index_name °ú¿ô¤Ï nil ¤È
          : ¤»¤Í¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¡¥
 
-   ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë TclTkLib::RELEASE_TYPE
-      : Tcl/Tk ¤Î¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¥¿¥¤¥×ÈÖ¹æ¤ÎÄêµÁ
-
-      Äê¿ô  ALPHA
-         : ALPHA ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹
-
-      Äê¿ô  BETA
-         : BETA ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹
-
-      Äê¿ô  FINAL
-         : FINAL ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹
-
    ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¥á¥½¥Ã¥É
-      get_version()
-         : Tcl/Tk ¤Î major, minor, release-type ÈÖ¹æ, release-type ̾,
-         : patchlevel ¤òÇÛÎó¤Ë¤·¤ÆÊÖ¤¹¡¥
-
       mainloop(check_root = true)
          : ¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¥ë¡¼¥×¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¡¥check_root ¤¬ true ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¤
          : root widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¤¤³¤Î¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤Ï½ªÎ»¤·¤Ê¤¤¡¥
@@ -559,9 +543,6 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
          : ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥Ö IP ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤ÏÃͤÎÀßÄ꤬µö¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤ (̵»ë¤µ¤ì¤ë)¡¥
          : ¤½¤ì°Ê³°¤ÎÅÀ¤Ç¤Ï°ú¿ô¤ò´Þ¤á¤Æ TclTkLib ¤ÎƱ̾¥á¥½¥Ã¥É¤ËƱ¤¸¡¥
 
-      encoding_table
-         : Ruby m17n ÍÑ¤Ë Ruby ¤È Tk ¤È¤Î´Ö¤Î encoding Âбþɽ¤òÊÖ¤¹¡¥
-
 ¥¯¥é¥¹ TkCallbackBreak < StandardError
 ¥¯¥é¥¹ TkCallbackContinue < StandardError
    : ¤³¤ì¤é¤Ï¥¤¥Ù¥ó¥È¥³¡¼¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¤¥³¡¼¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯½èÍý¤òŬÀÚ¤ËÃæ
@@ -572,8 +553,5 @@ require "tcltklib" ¤¹¤ë¤È, °Ê²¼¤Î¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë, ¥¯¥é¥¹¤¬ÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ç¤¹.
    : ¥É¤òÊÖ¤¹É¬Íפ¬¤¢¤ë¡¥Ruby ¤Î¼ê³¤­¤¬ÉáÄ̤ËÃͤòÊÖ¤¹¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¤½¤ì¤¬Éá
    : Ä̤ÎÌá¤êÃͤǤ¢¤ë¤Î¤«Èݤ«¤ò¶èÊ̤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¤Î㳰ȯÀ¸¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿
    : ¼ÂÁõ¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¥
-   : ¤¿¤À¤·¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥³¡¼¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¼ê³¤­¤ò Ruby ¤Î break, next ¤Ç½ªÎ»¤¹
-   : ¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇƱÅù¤Î·ë²Ì¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¥¤½¤ì¤æ¤¨¡¤
-   : ¤³¤ì¤é¤ÏɬÍפʤ¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¤¸ß´¹À­¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë»Ä¤·¤Æ¤¢¤ë¡¥
 
 (eof)
diff --git a/ext/tk/README.1st b/ext/tk/README.1st
index fce5b0242b..df6c819d26 100644
--- a/ext/tk/README.1st
+++ b/ext/tk/README.1st
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 If you want to use Ruby/Tk (tk.rb and so on), you must have tcltklib.so 
-which is working correctly. When you have some troubles on compiling, 
-please read README.tcltklib and README.ActiveTcl. 
+which is working correctly. If you fail to call 'require "tcltklib"', 
+you may not have tcltklib.so. When you have some troubles on compiling
+tcltklib, please read README files on tcltklib. 
 Even if there is a tcltklib.so on your Ruby library directry, it will not 
 work without Tcl/Tk libraries (e.g. libtcl8.4.so) on your environment. 
 You must also check that your Tcl/Tk is installed properly. 
@@ -8,9 +9,11 @@ You must also check that your Tcl/Tk is installed properly.
 --------------------------------------------
  ( the following is written in EUC-JP )
 
-Ruby/Tk (tk.rb ¤Ê¤É) ¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤tcltklib.so ¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê
-¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Ë²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬À¸¤¸¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤README.tcltklib 
-¤ä README.ActiveTcl ¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
+Ruby/Tk (tk.rb ¤Ê¤É) ¤ò»È¤¤¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤tcltklib.so ¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤¤¤Æ
+¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¤â¤· 'require "tcltklib"' ¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤é¡¤
+tcltklib.so ¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥tcltklib ¤Î
+¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë»þ¤Ë²¿¤«ÌäÂ꤬À¸¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¤tcltklib ¤Î README ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë
+¤ò¸«¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
 ¤¿¤È¤¨ Ruby ¤Î¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë tcltklib.so ¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ
 ¤â¡¤¼Â¹Ô´Ä¶­¤Ë Tcl/Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê (libtcl8.4.so ¤Ê¤É) ¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ðµ¡Ç½¤·¤Þ
 ¤»¤ó¡¥Tcl/Tk ¤¬Àµ¤·¤¯¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤â¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
diff --git a/ext/tk/README.tcltklib b/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
index 8c6dd5178f..e939ba1f51 100644
--- a/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
+++ b/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
@@ -5,14 +5,10 @@ Tcl/Tk libraries or header files are installed but are not found, you can
 give the information by arguments of the 'configure' script. Please give 
 some or all of the following options. 
 
- --with-tcltkversion=<version> 
-      force version of Tcl/Tk libaray
-      (e.g. libtcl8.4g.so ==> --with-tcltkversion=8.4g)
-
  --with-tcllib=<libname>       (e.g. libtcl8.4.so ==> --with-tcllib=tcl8.4)
  --with-tklib=<libname>        (e.g. libtk8.4.so  ==> --with-tklib=tk8.4)
 
- --enable-tcltk-stubs          (if you force to enable stubs)
+ --enable-tcltk_stubs          (if you force to enable stubs)
 
  --with-tcl-dir=<path> 
       equal to "--with-tcl-include=<path>/include --with-tcl-lib=<path>/lib"
@@ -20,18 +16,18 @@ some or all of the following options.
  --with-tk-dir=<path> 
       equal to "--with-tk-include=<path>/include --with-tk-lib=<path>/lib"
 
- --with-tcl-include=<dir>      the directry contains 'tcl.h'
- --with-tk-include=<dir>       the directry contains 'tk.h'
+ --with-tcl-include=<dir>      the directry containts 'tcl.h'
+ --with-tk-include=<dir>       the directry containts 'tk.h'
 
- --with-tcl-lib=<dir>          the directry contains 'libtcl<version>.so'
- --with-tk-lib=<dir>           the directry contains 'libtk<version>.so'
+ --with-tcl-lib=<dir>          the directry containts 'libtcl<version>.so'
+ --with-tk-lib=<dir>           the directry containts 'libtk<version>.so'
 
  --enable-mac-tcltk-framework  (MacOS X) use Tcl/Tk framework
                                (Obsolete. Please use '--enable-tcltk-framework'.)
 
  --enable-tcltk-framework      use Tcl/Tk framework
 
- --with-tcltk-framework=<dir>  the directory contains Tcl/Tk framework; 
+ --with-tcltk-framework=<dir>  the directory containts Tcl/Tk framework; 
                                "<dir>/Tcl.framework" and "<dir>/Tk.framework".
                                When this option is given, it is assumed that 
                                --enable-tcltk-framework option is given also.
@@ -50,8 +46,8 @@ some or all of the following options.
  --with-X11-dir=<path> 
       equal to "--with-X11-include=<path>/include --with-X11-lib=<path>/lib"
 
- --with-X11-include=<dir>      the directry contais X11 header files
- --with-X11-lib=<dir>          the directry contais X11 libraries
+ --with-X11-include=<dir>      the directry contains X11 header files
+ --with-X11-lib=<dir>          the directry contains X11 libraries
 
 
 If you forgot to give the options when do 'configure' on toplevel
diff --git a/ext/tk/extconf.rb b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
index 4807ea7b40..5ed86a8b76 100644
--- a/ext/tk/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 
 require 'mkmf'
 
-#is_win32 = (/mswin32|mingw|cygwin|bccwin32/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM)
-is_win32 = (/mswin|mingw|cygwin|bccwin|wince/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM)
+is_win32 = (/mswin32|mingw|cygwin|bccwin32/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM)
 #is_macosx = (/darwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM)
 
 def find_framework(tcl_hdr, tk_hdr)
@@ -40,68 +39,18 @@ unless is_win32
   have_library("m", "log") 
 end
 
-tk_idir,  tk_ldir  = dir_config("tk")
-tcl_idir, tcl_ldir = dir_config("tcl")
-x11_idir, x11_ldir = dir_config("X11")
-
-tk_ldir2  = with_config("tk-lib")
-tcl_ldir2 = with_config("tcl-lib")
-x11_ldir2 = with_config("X11-lib")
-
-tk_ldir_list  = [tk_ldir2,  tk_ldir]
-tcl_ldir_list = [tcl_ldir2, tcl_ldir]
+dir_config("tk")
+dir_config("tcl")
+dir_config("X11")
 
 tklib = with_config("tklib")
 tcllib = with_config("tcllib")
 stubs = enable_config("tcltk_stubs") || with_config("tcltk_stubs")
 
-tcltk_version = with_config("tcltkversion")
-
 use_X = with_config("X11", (! is_win32))
 
-def check_tcltk_version(version)
-  return [nil, nil] unless version
-
-  version = version.strip
-
-  tclver = version.dup
-  tkver  = version.dup
-
-  major = dot = minor = dot = plvl = ext = nil
-
-  if version =~ /^(\d)(\.?)(\d)(\.?)(\d*)(.*)$/
-    major = $1; minor_dot = $2; minor = $3; plvl_dot  = $4; plvl = $5; ext = $6
-    dot = ! minor_dot.empty?
-    if plvl_dot.empty? && ! plvl.empty?
-      minor << plvl
-    end
-  elsif version =~ /^(\d)(\.?)(\d?)(.*)$/
-    major = $1; minor_dot = $2; minor = $3; ext = $4
-    dot = ! minor_dot.empty?
-  else # unknown -> believe user
-    return [tclver, tkver]
-  end
-
-  # check Tcl7.6 / Tk4.2 ?
-  if major == "7" # Tcl7.6 ( not support Tclversion < 7.6 )
-    # Tk4.2
-    tkver  = "4" + ((dot)? ".": "") + ((minor.empty)? "": "2") + ext
-  elsif major == "4" # Tk4.2 ( not support Tkversion < 4.2 )
-    # Tcl7.6
-    tclver = "7" + ((dot)? ".": "") + ((minor.empty)? "": "6") + ext
-  end
-
-  [tclver, tkver]
-end
-
-def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
-  default_paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
-  default_paths << "/Tcl/lib"  # default for ActiveTcl
-
-  if (paths = opt_paths.compact).empty?
-    paths = default_paths
-  end
-
+def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs)
+  paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
   if stubs
     func = "Tcl_InitStubs"
     lib = "tclstub"
@@ -109,42 +58,22 @@ def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
     func = "Tcl_FindExecutable"
     lib = "tcl"
   end
-
-  if version && ! version.empty?
-    versions = [version]
-  else
-    versions = %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6]
-  end
-
   if tcllib
-    st = find_library(tcllib, func, *paths)
+    find_library(tcllib, func, *paths)
+  elsif find_library(lib, func, *paths)
+    true
   else
-    st = versions.find { |ver|
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tcl#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tcl#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
-         } || (!version && find_library(lib, func, *paths))
-  end
-
-  unless st
-    puts("Warning:: cannot find Tcl library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options.")
+    %w[8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6].find { |ver|
+      find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("tcl#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths)
+    }
   end
-  st
 end
 
-def find_tk(tklib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
-  default_paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
-  default_paths << "/Tcl/lib"  # default for ActiveTcl
-
-  if (paths = opt_paths.compact).empty?
-    paths = default_paths
-  end
-
+def find_tk(tklib, stubs)
+  paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
   if stubs
     func = "Tk_InitStubs"
     lib = "tkstub"
@@ -152,45 +81,20 @@ def find_tk(tklib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
     func = "Tk_Init"
     lib = "tk"
   end
-
-  if version && ! version.empty?
-    versions = [version]
-  else
-    versions = %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 4.2]
-  end
-
   if tklib
-    st = find_library(tklib, func, *paths)
+    find_library(tklib, func, *paths)
+  elsif find_library(lib, func, *paths)
+    true
   else
-    st = versions.find { |ver|
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tk#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or 
-           find_library("tk#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-           find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
-         } || (!version && find_library(lib, func, *paths))
-  end
-
-  unless st
-    puts("Warning:: cannot find Tk library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options.")
+    %w[8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 4.2].find { |ver|
+      find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("tk#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+        find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths)
+    }
   end
-  st
 end
 
-def find_X11(*opt_paths)
-  default_paths = 
-    [ "/usr/X11/lib", "/usr/lib/X11", "/usr/X11R6/lib", "/usr/openwin/lib" ]
-  paths = opt_paths.compact.concat(default_paths)
-  st = find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay", *paths)
-  unless st
-    puts("Warning:: cannot find X11 library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options. If your Tcl/Tk don't require X11, please try --without-X11.")
-  end
-  st
-end 
-
 def pthread_check()
   tcl_major_ver = nil
   tcl_minor_ver = nil
@@ -369,13 +273,13 @@ EOF
   end
 end
 
-tclver, tkver = check_tcltk_version(tcltk_version)
-
-if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") && 
-    ( tcltk_framework || 
-        ( ( !use_X || find_X11(x11_ldir2, x11_ldir) ) &&
-            find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, tclver, *tcl_ldir_list) &&
-            find_tk(tklib, stubs, tkver, *tk_ldir_list) ) )
+if tcltk_framework || 
+   (have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") &&
+      ( !use_X || find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay",
+                               "/usr/X11/lib", "/usr/lib/X11", 
+                               "/usr/X11R6/lib", "/usr/openwin/lib")) &&
+    find_tcl(tcllib, stubs) &&
+    find_tk(tklib, stubs))
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -DUSE_TCL_STUBS -DUSE_TK_STUBS' if stubs
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -D_WIN32' if /cygwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
 
@@ -402,11 +306,7 @@ if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") &&
     $INSTALLFILES ||= []
     $INSTALLFILES << ["lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS", "$(RUBYLIBDIR)", "lib"]
 
-    have_func("rb_hash_lookup", "ruby.h")
-
     # create
-    $defs << %[-DRUBY_VERSION=\\"#{RUBY_VERSION}\\"]
-    $defs << %[-DRUBY_RELEASE_DATE=\\"#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}\\"]
     create_makefile("tcltklib")
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
index ec718678f0..78ed1aa6ee 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
@@ -114,14 +114,7 @@ MultiTkIp_OK.freeze
 class MultiTkIp
   BASE_DIR = File.dirname(__FILE__)
 
-  WITH_RUBY_VM  = Object.const_defined?(:VM) && ::VM.class == Class
-  WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
-
-  (@@SLAVE_IP_ID = ['slave'.freeze, '0'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
+  @@SLAVE_IP_ID = ['slave'.freeze, '0'.taint].freeze
 
   @@IP_TABLE = {}.taint unless defined?(@@IP_TABLE)
 
@@ -133,18 +126,14 @@ class MultiTkIp
   unless defined?(@@TK_CMD_TBL)
     @@TK_CMD_TBL = Object.new.taint
 
-    # @@TK_CMD_TBL.instance_variable_set('@tbl', {}.taint)
-    @@TK_CMD_TBL.instance_variable_set('@tbl', Hash.new{|hash,key|
-                                           fail IndexError, 
-                                                "unknown command ID '#{key}'"
-                                       }.taint)
+    @@TK_CMD_TBL.instance_variable_set('@tbl', {}.taint)
 
     class << @@TK_CMD_TBL
       allow = [
-        '__send__', '__id__', 'freeze', 'inspect', 'kind_of?', 'object_id', 
+        '__send__', '__id__', 'freeze', 'inspect', 'kind_of?', 
         '[]', '[]=', 'delete', 'each', 'has_key?'
       ]
-      instance_methods.each{|m| undef_method(m) unless allow.index(m.to_s)}
+      instance_methods.each{|m| undef_method(m) unless allow.index(m)}
 
       def kind_of?(klass)
         @tbl.kind_of?(klass)
@@ -217,7 +206,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
     def initialize(ip, cmd)
       @ip = ip
       @cmd = cmd
-      self.freeze
+      freeze
     end
     attr_reader :ip, :cmd
     def inspect
@@ -584,11 +573,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
       # raise exception
       begin
         bt = _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n"))
-        if MultiTkIp::WITH_ENCODING
-          bt.force_encoding('utf-8')
-        else
-          bt.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
-        end
+        bt.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
       rescue Exception
         bt = e.backtrace.join("\n")
       end
@@ -710,11 +695,6 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
   ######################################
 
-  unless self.const_defined? :RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
-    ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-    RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD = false
-  end
-
   if self.const_defined? :DEFAULT_MASTER_NAME
     name = DEFAULT_MASTER_NAME.to_s
   else
@@ -743,41 +723,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
       fail ArgumentError, "expecting a Hash object for the 2nd argument"
     end
 
-    if !WITH_RUBY_VM || RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD ### check Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!
-      @interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(keys))
-    else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
-      @interp_thread = Thread.new{
-        current = Thread.current
-        current[:interp] = interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(keys))
-        #sleep
-        current[:mutex] = mutex = Mutex.new
-        current[:root_check] = cond_var = ConditionVariable.new
-
-        begin
-          current[:status] = interp.mainloop(true)
-        rescue Exception=>e
-          current[:status] = e
-        ensure
-          mutex.synchronize{ cond_var.broadcast }
-        end
-        current[:status] = interp.mainloop(false)
-      }
-      until @interp_thread[:interp]
-        Thread.pass
-      end
-      # INTERP_THREAD.run
-      @interp = @interp_thread[:interp]
-
-      def self.mainloop(check_root = true)
-        begin
-          TclTkLib.set_eventloop_window_mode(true)
-          @interp_thread.value
-        ensure
-          TclTkLib.set_eventloop_window_mode(false)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
+    @interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(keys))
     @ip_name = nil
 
     @callback_status = [].taint
@@ -907,26 +853,22 @@ class MultiTkIp
     Thread.new{
       current = Thread.current
       loop {
-        mtx, cond, ret, table, script = @init_ip_env_queue.deq
-        begin
+        mtx, ret, table, script = @init_ip_env_queue.deq
+        begin        
           ret[0] = table.each{|tg, ip| ip._init_ip_env(script) }
         rescue Exception => e
           ret[0] = e
         ensure
-          mtx.synchronize{ cond.signal }
+          mtx.unlock
         end
-        mtx = cond = ret = table = script = nil  # clear variables for GC
       }
     }
 
     def self.__init_ip_env__(table, script)
       ret = []
-      mtx  = (Thread.current[:MultiTk_ip_Mutex] ||= Mutex.new)
-      cond = (Thread.current[:MultiTk_ip_CondVar] ||= ConditionVariable.new)
-      mtx.synchronize{
-        @init_ip_env_queue.enq([mtx, cond, ret, table, script])
-        cond.wait(mtx)
-      }
+      mtx = Mutex.new.lock
+      @init_ip_env_queue.enq([mtx, ret, table, script])
+      mtx.lock
       if ret[0].kind_of?(Exception)
         raise ret[0]
       else
@@ -1005,11 +947,9 @@ class MultiTkIp
   private :_parse_slaveopts
 
   def _create_slave_ip_name
-    @@SLAVE_IP_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      name = @@SLAVE_IP_ID.join('')
-      @@SLAVE_IP_ID[1].succ!
-      name.freeze
-    }
+    name = @@SLAVE_IP_ID.join('')
+    @@SLAVE_IP_ID[1].succ!
+    name.freeze
   end
   private :_create_slave_ip_name
 
@@ -1266,20 +1206,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
     if safeip == nil
       # create master-ip
-      unless WITH_RUBY_VM
-        @interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(tk_opts))
-      else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
-        @interp_thread = Thread.new{
-          Thread.current[:interp] = interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(tk_opts))
-          #sleep
-          TclTkLib.mainloop(true)
-        }
-        until @interp_thread[:interp]
-          Thread.pass
-        end
-        # INTERP_THREAD.run
-        @interp = @interp_thread[:interp]
-      end
+      @interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(tk_opts))
 
       @ip_name = nil
       if safe
@@ -1294,8 +1221,6 @@ class MultiTkIp
         @safe_base = true
         @interp, @ip_name = master.__create_safe_slave_obj(safe_opts, 
                                                            name, tk_opts)
-        # @interp_thread = nil if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0' ### !!!!!!!!!!!
-        @interp_thread = nil unless WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
         if safe
           safe = master.safe_level if safe < master.safe_level
           @safe_level = [safe]
@@ -1304,8 +1229,6 @@ class MultiTkIp
         end
       else
         @interp, @ip_name = master.__create_trusted_slave_obj(name, tk_opts)
-        # @interp_thread = nil if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0' ### !!!!!!!!!!!
-        @interp_thread = nil unless WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
         if safe
           safe = master.safe_level if safe < master.safe_level
           @safe_level = [safe]
@@ -1340,11 +1263,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
     @@DEFAULT_MASTER.assign_receiver_and_watchdog(self)
 
     @@IP_TABLE[@threadgroup] = self
+    _init_ip_internal(@@INIT_IP_ENV, @@ADD_TK_PROCS)
     @@TK_TABLE_LIST.size.times{ 
       (tbl = {}).tainted? || tbl.taint
       @tk_table_list << tbl
     }
-    _init_ip_internal(@@INIT_IP_ENV, @@ADD_TK_PROCS)
 
     class << self
       undef :instance_eval
@@ -1422,13 +1345,8 @@ class << MultiTkIp
   alias __new new
   private :__new
 
-  def new_master(safe=nil, keys={})
-    if MultiTkIp::WITH_RUBY_VM
-      #### TODO !!!!!!
-      fail RuntimeError, 
-           'sorry, still not support multiple master-interpreters on Ruby VM'
-    end
 
+  def new_master(safe=nil, keys={})
     if safe.kind_of?(Hash)
       keys = safe
     elsif safe.kind_of?(Integer)
@@ -1645,13 +1563,8 @@ class MultiTkIp
     return if slave?
     names.each{|name|
       name = name.to_s
-
-      return if @interp.deleted?
       @interp._invoke('rename', name, '')
-
-      return if @interp.deleted?
       @interp._invoke('interp', 'slaves').split.each{|slave|
-        return if @interp.deleted?
         @interp._invoke('interp', 'alias', slave, name, '') rescue nil
       }
     }
@@ -1701,16 +1614,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
     id = @@TK_TABLE_LIST.size
     obj = Object.new
     @@TK_TABLE_LIST << obj
-    obj.instance_variable_set(:@id, id)
-    obj.instance_variable_set(:@mutex, Mutex.new)
-    obj.instance_eval{
-      def self.mutex
-        @mutex
-      end
+    obj.instance_eval <<-EOD
       def self.method_missing(m, *args)
-        MultiTkIp.tk_object_table(@id).__send__(m, *args)
+         MultiTkIp.tk_object_table(#{id}).__send__(m, *args)
       end
-    }
+    EOD
     obj.freeze
     @@IP_TABLE.each{|tg, ip| ip._add_new_tables }
     return obj
@@ -2430,11 +2338,6 @@ end
 class MultiTkIp
   def mainloop(check_root = true, restart_on_dead = true)
     raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-
-    if WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
-      return @interp_thread.value if @interp_thread
-    end
-
     #return self if self.slave?
     #return self if self != @@DEFAULT_MASTER
     if self != @@DEFAULT_MASTER
@@ -2843,10 +2746,9 @@ class MultiTkIp
     i = -1
     brace = 1
     str.each_byte {|c|
-      c = c.chr
       i += 1
-      brace += 1 if c == '{'
-      brace -= 1 if c == '}'
+      brace += 1 if c == ?{
+      brace -= 1 if c == ?}
       break if brace == 0
     }
     if i == 0
@@ -3285,44 +3187,15 @@ end
 
 
 # encoding convert
-class << MultiTkIp
-  def encoding_table
-    __getip.encoding_table
-  end
-end
 class MultiTkIp
-  def encoding_table
-    @interp.encoding_table
-  end
-
-  def force_default_encoding=(mode)
+  def encoding
     raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-    @interp.force_default_encoding = mode
+    @interp.encoding
   end
-  def force_default_encoding?
-    raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-    @interp.force_default_encoding?
-  end
-
-  def default_encoding=(enc)
-    raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-    @interp.default_encoding = enc
-  end
-
   def encoding=(enc)
     raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
     @interp.encoding = enc
   end
-  def encoding_name
-    raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-    @interp.encoding_name
-  end
-  def encoding_obj
-    raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
-    @interp.encoding_obj
-  end
-  alias encoding encoding_name
-  alias default_encoding encoding_name
 
   def encoding_convertfrom(str, enc=None)
     raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
@@ -3339,30 +3212,13 @@ end
 
 
 # remove methods for security
-if MultiTkIp::WITH_RUBY_VM && 
-    ! MultiTkIp::RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD ### check Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!
-  class MultiTkIp
-    INTERP_THREAD = @@DEFAULT_MASTER.instance_variable_get('@interp_thread')
-    INTERP_MUTEX  = INTERP_THREAD[:mutex]
-    INTERP_ROOT_CHECK = INTERP_THREAD[:root_check]
-  end
-  module TkCore
-    INTERP_THREAD = MultiTkIp::INTERP_THREAD
-    INTERP_MUTEX  = MultiTkIp::INTERP_MUTEX
-    INTERP_ROOT_CHECK = MultiTkIp::INTERP_ROOT_CHECK
-  end
-  class MultiTkIp
-    remove_const(:INTERP_THREAD)
-    remove_const(:INTERP_MUTEX)
-    remove_const(:INTERP_ROOT_CHECK)
-  end
-end
-
 class MultiTkIp
   # undef_method :instance_eval
   undef_method :instance_variable_get
   undef_method :instance_variable_set
 end
+
+
 # end of MultiTkIp definition
 
 # defend against modification
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb
index 7f6f41605d..1a6694dbff 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tcltk.rb
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class TclTkWidget < TclTkCommand
       # (used in TclTkInterpreter#initialize())
 
       # need two arguments
-      fail("invalid # of parameter") if args.size != 2
+      fail("illegal # of parameter") if args.size != 2
 
       # ip: interpreter(TclTkIp)
       # exp: tcl/tk representation
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
index c5d5b804d2..32b5e20bc5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 #               tk.rb - Tk interface module using tcltklib
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.jp>
 
 # use Shigehiro's tcltklib
@@ -9,9 +10,6 @@ require 'tkutil'
 # autoload
 require 'tk/autoload'
 
-# for Mutex
-require 'thread'
-
 class TclTkIp
   # backup original (without encoding) _eval and _invoke
   alias _eval_without_enc _eval
@@ -39,12 +37,7 @@ module TkComm
 
   #Tk_CMDTBL = {}
   #Tk_WINDOWS = {}
-  Tk_IDs = ["00000".taint, "00000".taint]  # [0]-cmdid, [1]-winid
-  Tk_IDs.instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
+  Tk_IDs = ["00000".taint, "00000".taint].freeze  # [0]-cmdid, [1]-winid
 
   # for backward compatibility
   Tk_CMDTBL = Object.new
@@ -225,9 +218,7 @@ module TkComm
       TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[val]? 
            TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[val] : _genobj_for_tkwidget(val)
     when /\Ai(_\d+_)?\d+\z/
-      TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
-      }
+      TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
     when /\A-?\d+\.?\d*(e[-+]?\d+)?\z/
       val.to_f
     when /\\ /
@@ -344,8 +335,6 @@ if USE_TCLs_LIST_FUNCTIONS
       if dst_enc != true && dst_enc != false
         if (s_enc = s.instance_variable_get(:@encoding))
           s_enc = s_enc.to_s
-        elsif TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          s_enc = s.encoding.name
         else
           s_enc = sys_enc
         end
@@ -358,20 +347,11 @@ if USE_TCLs_LIST_FUNCTIONS
     if sys_enc && dst_enc
       dst.map!{|s| _toUTF8(s)}
       ret = TkCore::INTERP._merge_tklist(*dst)
-      if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-        if dst_enc.kind_of?(String)
-          ret = _fromUTF8(ret, dst_enc)
-          ret.force_encoding(dst_enc)
-        else
-          ret.force_encoding('utf-8')
-        end
-      else # without encoding
-        if dst_enc.kind_of?(String)
-          ret = _fromUTF8(ret, dst_enc)
-          ret.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, dst_enc)
-        else
-          ret.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
-        end
+      if dst_enc.kind_of?(String)
+        ret = _fromUTF8(ret, dst_enc)
+        ret.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, dst_enc)
+      else
+        ret.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
       end
       ret
     else
@@ -431,6 +411,46 @@ else
       tk_split_sublist(token, depth - 1)
     }
   end
+=begin
+  def tk_split_list(str)
+    return [] if str == ""
+    idx = str.index('{')
+    while idx and idx > 0 and str[idx-1] == ?\\
+      idx = str.index('{', idx+1)
+    end
+    unless idx
+      list = tk_tcl2ruby(str)
+      unless Array === list
+        list = [list]
+      end
+      return list
+    end
+
+    list = tk_tcl2ruby(str[0,idx])
+    list = [] if list == ""
+    str = str[idx+1..-1]
+    i = -1
+    escape = false
+    brace = 1
+    str.each_byte {|c|
+      i += 1
+      brace += 1 if c == ?{ && !escape
+      brace -= 1 if c == ?} && !escape
+      escape = (c == ?\\)
+      break if brace == 0
+    }
+    if str.size == i + 1
+      return tk_split_list(str[0, i])
+    end
+    if str[0, i] == ' '
+      list.push ' '
+    else
+      list.push tk_split_list(str[0, i])
+    end
+    list += tk_split_list(str[i+1..-1])
+    list
+  end
+=end
 
   def tk_split_simplelist(str, src_enc=true, dst_enc=true)
     return [] if str == ""
@@ -581,9 +601,7 @@ end
   end
   def image_obj(val)
     if val =~ /^i(_\d+_)?\d+$/
-      TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
-      }
+      TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val]? TkImage::Tk_IMGTBL[val] : val
     else
       val
     end
@@ -765,17 +783,15 @@ end
     id = "c" + TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ + TkComm::Tk_IDs[0]
   end
   def _next_cmd_id
-    TkComm::Tk_IDs.mutex.synchronize{
-      id = _curr_cmd_id
-      #Tk_IDs[0] += 1
-      TkComm::Tk_IDs[0].succ!
-      id
-    }
+    id = _curr_cmd_id
+    #Tk_IDs[0] += 1
+    TkComm::Tk_IDs[0].succ!
+    id
   end
   private :_curr_cmd_id, :_next_cmd_id
   module_function :_curr_cmd_id, :_next_cmd_id
 
-  def TkComm.install_cmd(cmd, local_cmdtbl=nil)
+  def install_cmd(cmd)
     return '' if cmd == ''
     begin
       ns = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('namespace', 'current')
@@ -794,15 +810,6 @@ end
     @cmdtbl = [] unless defined? @cmdtbl
     @cmdtbl.taint unless @cmdtbl.tainted?
     @cmdtbl.push id
-
-    if local_cmdtbl && local_cmdtbl.kind_of?(Array)
-      begin
-        local_cmdtbl << id
-      rescue Exception
-        # ignore
-      end
-    end
-
     #return Kernel.format("rb_out %s", id);
     if ns
       'rb_out' << TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ << ' ' << ns << ' ' << id
@@ -810,30 +817,14 @@ end
       'rb_out' << TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ << ' ' << id
     end
   end
-  def TkComm.uninstall_cmd(id, local_cmdtbl=nil)
+  def uninstall_cmd(id)
     #id = $1 if /rb_out\S* (c(_\d+_)?\d+)/ =~ id
     id = $4 if id =~ /rb_out\S*(?:\s+(::\S*|[{](::.*)[}]|["](::.*)["]))? (c(_\d+_)?(\d+))/
-
-    if local_cmdtbl && local_cmdtbl.kind_of?(Array)
-      begin
-        local_cmdtbl.delete(id)
-      rescue Exception
-        # ignore
-      end
-    end
-    @cmdtbl.delete(id)
-
     #Tk_CMDTBL.delete(id)
     TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl.delete(id)
   end
   # private :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
-  # module_function :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
-  def install_cmd(cmd)
-    TkComm.install_cmd(cmd, @cmdtbl)
-  end
-  def uninstall_cmd(id)
-    TkComm.uninstall_cmd(id, @cmdtbl)
-  end
+  module_function :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
 
 =begin
   def install_win(ppath,name=nil)
@@ -865,10 +856,8 @@ end
         return TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows[@path] = self
       end
     else
-      Tk_IDs.mutex.synchronize{
-        name = "w" + TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ + Tk_IDs[1]
-        Tk_IDs[1].succ!
-      }
+      name = "w" + TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ + Tk_IDs[1]
+      Tk_IDs[1].succ!
     end
     if !ppath or ppath == '.'
       @path = '.' + name
@@ -947,12 +936,7 @@ module TkComm
 
   def _bindinfo(what, context=nil)
     if context
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        enum_obj = tk_call_without_enc(*what+["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>"]).each_line
-      else
-        enum_obj = tk_call_without_enc(*what+["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>"])
-      end
-      enum_obj.collect {|cmdline|
+      tk_call_without_enc(*what+["<#{tk_event_sequence(context)}>"]) .collect {|cmdline|
 =begin
         if cmdline =~ /^rb_out\S* (c(?:_\d+_)?\d+)\s+(.*)$/
           #[Tk_CMDTBL[$1], $2]
@@ -1098,14 +1082,6 @@ module TkCore
   include TkComm
   extend TkComm
 
-  WITH_RUBY_VM  = Object.const_defined?(:VM) && ::VM.class == Class
-  WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
-
-  unless self.const_defined? :RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
-    ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-    RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD = false
-  end
-
   unless self.const_defined? :INTERP
     if self.const_defined? :IP_NAME
       name = IP_NAME.to_s
@@ -1123,49 +1099,14 @@ module TkCore
       opts = ''
     end
 
-    if !WITH_RUBY_VM || RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD ### check Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!
-      INTERP = TclTkIp.new(name, opts)
-    else
-      INTERP_MUTEX = Mutex.new
-      INTERP_ROOT_CHECK = ConditionVariable.new
-      INTERP_THREAD = Thread.new{
-        begin
-          Thread.current[:interp] = interp = TclTkIp.new(name, opts)
-        rescue => e
-          Thread.current[:interp] = e
-          raise e
-        end
-        Thread.current[:status] = nil
-        #sleep
-
-        begin
-          Thread.current[:status] = TclTkLib.mainloop(true)
-        rescue Exception=>e
-          Thread.current[:status] = e
-        ensure
-          INTERP_MUTEX.synchronize{ INTERP_ROOT_CHECK.broadcast }
-        end
-        Thread.current[:status] = TclTkLib.mainloop(false)
-      }
-
-      until INTERP_THREAD[:interp]
-        Thread.pass
-      end
-      # INTERP_THREAD.run
-      raise INTERP_THREAD[:interp] if INTERP_THREAD[:interp].kind_of? Exception
-
-      INTERP = INTERP_THREAD[:interp]
-    end
+    INTERP = TclTkIp.new(name, opts)
 
     def INTERP.__getip
       self
     end
 
     INTERP.instance_eval{
-      # @tk_cmd_tbl = {}.taint
-      @tk_cmd_tbl = Hash.new{|hash, key|
-        fail IndexError, "unknown command ID '#{key}'"
-      }.taint
+      @tk_cmd_tbl = {}.taint
       def @tk_cmd_tbl.[]=(idx,val)
         if self.has_key?(idx) && Thread.current.group != ThreadGroup::Default
           fail SecurityError,"cannot change the entried command"
@@ -1216,10 +1157,6 @@ module TkCore
     class Tk_OBJECT_TABLE
       def initialize(id)
         @id = id
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-      end
-      def mutex
-        @mutex
       end
       def method_missing(m, *args, &b)
         TkCore::INTERP.tk_object_table(@id).__send__(m, *args, &b)
@@ -1298,7 +1235,7 @@ module TkCore
                              }) << ' %W')
 
   INTERP.add_tk_procs(TclTkLib::FINALIZE_PROC_NAME, '', 
-                      "catch { bind all <#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}> {} }")
+                      "bind all <#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}> {}")
 
   INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_out', 'ns args', <<-'EOL')
     if [regexp {^::} $ns] {
@@ -1405,11 +1342,7 @@ module TkCore
               "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
               _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n")) + 
               "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
-        if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          msg.force_encoding('utf-8')
-        else
-          msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
-        end
+        msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
       rescue Exception
         msg = e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" + 
               "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
@@ -1465,13 +1398,6 @@ module TkCore
   end
 
   def after(ms, cmd=Proc.new)
-    cmdid = install_cmd(proc{ret = cmd.call;uninstall_cmd(cmdid); ret})
-    after_id = tk_call_without_enc("after",ms,cmdid)
-    after_id.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', cmdid)
-    after_id
-  end
-=begin
-  def after(ms, cmd=Proc.new)
     crit_bup = Thread.critical
     Thread.critical = true
 
@@ -1494,16 +1420,8 @@ module TkCore
 #      tk_call("after",ms,cmdid)
 #    end
   end
-=end
 
   def after_idle(cmd=Proc.new)
-    cmdid = install_cmd(proc{ret = cmd.call;uninstall_cmd(cmdid); ret})
-    after_id = tk_call_without_enc('after','idle',cmdid)
-    after_id.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', cmdid)
-    after_id
-  end
-=begin
-  def after_idle(cmd=Proc.new)
     crit_bup = Thread.critical
     Thread.critical = true
 
@@ -1514,15 +1432,9 @@ module TkCore
 
     tk_call_without_enc('after','idle',cmdid)
   end
-=end
 
   def after_cancel(afterId)
     tk_call_without_enc('after','cancel',afterId)
-    if (cmdid = afterId.instance_variable_get('@cmdid'))
-      afterId.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', nil)
-      uninstall_cmd(cmdid)
-    end
-    afterId
   end
 
   def windowingsystem
@@ -1642,27 +1554,7 @@ module TkCore
   end
 
   def mainloop(check_root = true)
-    if !TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM || TkCore::RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
-      TclTkLib.mainloop(check_root)
-    else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!
-      begin
-        TclTkLib.set_eventloop_window_mode(true)
-        if check_root
-          INTERP_MUTEX.synchronize{
-            INTERP_ROOT_CHECK.wait(INTERP_MUTEX)
-            status = INTERP_THREAD[:status]
-            if status
-              INTERP_THREAD[:status] = nil
-              raise status if status.kind_of?(Exception)
-            end
-          }
-        else
-          INTERP_THREAD.value
-        end
-      ensure
-        TclTkLib.set_eventloop_window_mode(false)
-      end
-    end
+    TclTkLib.mainloop(check_root)
   end
 
   def mainloop_thread?
@@ -1670,12 +1562,7 @@ module TkCore
     # nil   : there is no mainloop
     # false : mainloop is running on the other thread
     #         ( At then, it is dangerous to call Tk interpreter directly. )
-    if !TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM || TkCore::RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
-      ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
-      TclTkLib.mainloop_thread?
-    else
-      Thread.current == INTERP_THREAD
-    end
+    TclTkLib.mainloop_thread?
   end
 
   def mainloop_exist?
@@ -2027,7 +1914,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 
   def root
-    Tk::Root.new
+    TkRoot.new
   end
 
   def Tk.load_tclscript(file, enc=nil)
@@ -2143,27 +2030,6 @@ module Tk
     tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.')
   end
 
-  ################################################
-
-  def Tk.sleep(ms = nil, id = nil)
-    if id
-      var = (id.kind_of?(TkVariable))? id: TkVarAccess.new(id.to_s)
-    else
-      var = TkVariable.new
-    end
-
-    var.value = tk_call_without_enc('after', ms, proc{ var.value = 0 }) if ms
-    var.thread_wait
-    ms
-  end
-
-  def Tk.wakeup(id)
-    ((id.kind_of?(TkVariable))? id: TkVarAccess.new(id.to_s)).value = 0
-    nil
-  end
-
-  ################################################
-
   def Tk.pack(*args)
     TkPack.configure(*args)
   end
@@ -2339,431 +2205,15 @@ end
 #  convert kanji string to/from utf-8
 ###########################################
 if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
-  module Tk
-    module Encoding
-      extend Encoding
-
-      TkCommandNames = ['encoding'.freeze].freeze
-
-      #############################################
-
-      if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING ### Ruby 1.9
-        RubyEncoding = ::Encoding
-
-        # for saving GC cost
-        #ENCNAMES_CMD = ['encoding'.freeze, 'names'.freeze]
-        BINARY_NAME  = 'binary'.freeze
-        UTF8_NAME    = 'utf-8'.freeze
-        DEFAULT_EXTERNAL_NAME = RubyEncoding.default_external.name.freeze
-
-        BINARY  = RubyEncoding.find(BINARY_NAME)
-        UNKNOWN = RubyEncoding.find('ASCII-8BIT')
-
-        ### start of creating ENCODING_TABLE
-        ENCODING_TABLE = TkCore::INTERP.encoding_table
-=begin
-        ENCODING_TABLE = {
-          'binary'       => BINARY, 
-          # 'UNKNOWN-8BIT' => UNKNOWN, 
-        }
-
-        list = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(ENCNAMES_CMD[0], 
-                                                  ENCNAMES_CMD[1])
-        TkCore::INTERP._split_tklist(list).each{|name|
-          begin
-            enc = RubyEncoding.find(name)
-          rescue ArgumentError
-            case name
-            when 'identity'
-              enc = BINARY
-            when 'shiftjis'
-              enc = RubyEncoding.find('Shift_JIS')
-            when 'unicode'
-              enc = RubyEncoding.find('UTF-8')
-              #if Tk.tk_call('set', 'tcl_platform(byteOrder)') =='littleEndian'
-              #  enc = RubyEncoding.find('UTF-16LE')
-              #else
-              #  enc = RubyEncoding.find('UTF-16BE')
-              #end
-            when 'symbol'
-              # single byte data
-              enc = RubyEncoding.find('ASCII-8BIT') ### ???
-            else
-              # unsupported on Ruby, but supported on Tk
-              enc = TkCore::INTERP.create_dummy_encoding_for_tk(name)
-            end
-          end
-          ENCODING_TABLE[name.freeze] = enc
-        }
-=end
-=begin
-        def ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-          orig_enc = enc
-
-          # unles enc, use system default
-          #  1st: Ruby/Tk default encoding
-          #  2nd: Tcl/Tk default encoding
-          #  3rd: Ruby's default_external
-          enc ||= TkCore::INTERP.encoding
-          enc ||= TclTkLib.encoding_system
-          enc ||= DEFAULT_EXTERNAL_NAME
-
-          if enc.kind_of?(RubyEncoding)
-            # Ruby's Encoding object
-            if (name = self.key(enc))
-              return name
-            end
-
-            # Is it new ?
-            list = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(ENCNAMES_CMD[0], 
-                                                      ENCNAMES_CMD[1])
-            TkComm.simplelist(list).each{|name|
-              if ((enc == RubyEncoding.find(name)) rescue false)
-                # new relation!! update table
-                self[name.freeze] = enc
-                return name
-              end
-            }
-          else
-            # String or Symbol ?
-            if self[name = enc.to_s]
-              return name
-            end
-
-            # Is it new ?
-            if (enc_obj = (RubyEncoding.find(name) rescue false))
-              list = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(ENCNAMES_CMD[0], 
-                                                        ENCNAMES_CMD[1])
-              if TkComm.simplelist(list).index(name)
-                # Tk's encoding name ?
-                self[name.freeze] = enc_obj  # new relation!! update table
-                return name
-              else
-                # Ruby's encoding name ?
-                if (name = self.key(enc_obj))
-                  return name
-                end
-              end
-            end
-          end
-
-          fail ArgumentError, "unsupported Tk encoding '#{orig_enc}'"
-        end
-
-        def ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(enc)
-          # returns the encoding object.
-          # If 'enc' is the encoding name on Tk only, it returns nil.
-          ((obj = self[self.get_name(enc)]).kind_of?(RubyEncoding))? obj: nil
-        end
-=end
-        ### end of creating ENCODING_TABLE
-
-      end
-
-      #############################################
-
-      if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-        ################################
-        ### Ruby 1.9
-        ################################
-        def force_default_encoding(mode)
-          TkCore::INTERP.force_default_encoding = mode
-        end
-
-        def force_default_encoding?
-          TkCore::INTERP.force_default_encoding?
-        end
-
-        def default_encoding=(enc)
-          TkCore::INTERP.default_encoding = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-        end
-
-        def encoding=(enc)
-          TkCore::INTERP.encoding = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-        end
-
-        def encoding_name
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(TkCore::INTERP.encoding)
-        end
-        def encoding_obj
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(TkCore::INTERP.encoding)
-        end
-        alias encoding encoding_name
-        alias default_encoding encoding_name
-
-        def tk_encoding_names
-          TkComm.simplelist(TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[0], Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[1]))
-       end
-        def encoding_names
-          self.tk_encoding_names.find_all{|name|
-            Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(name) rescue false
-          }
-        end
-        def encoding_objs
-          self.tk_encoding_names.map!{|name|
-            Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(name) rescue nil
-          }.compact
-        end
-
-        def encoding_system=(enc)
-          TclTkLib.encoding_system = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-        end
-
-        def encoding_system_name
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(TclTkLib.encoding_system)
-        end
-        def encoding_system_obj
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(TclTkLib.encoding_system)
-        end
-        alias encoding_system encoding_system_name
-
-        ################################
-      else
-        ################################
-        ### Ruby 1.8-
-        ################################
-        def force_default_encoding=(mode)
-          true
-        end
-
-        def force_default_encoding?
-          true
-        end
-
-        def default_encoding=(enc)
-          TkCore::INTERP.default_encoding = enc
-        end
-
-        def encoding=(enc)
-          TkCore::INTERP.encoding = enc
-        end
-
-        def encoding_obj
-          TkCore::INTERP.encoding
-        end
-        def encoding_name
-          TkCore::INTERP.encoding
-        end
-        alias encoding encoding_name
-        alias default_encoding encoding_name
-
-        def tk_encoding_names
-          TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('encoding', 'names'))
-        end
-        def encoding_objs
-          self.tk_encoding_names
-        end
-        def encoding_names
-          self.tk_encoding_names
-        end
-
-        def encoding_system=(enc)
-          TclTkLib.encoding_system = enc
-        end
-
-        def encoding_system_name
-          TclTkLib.encoding_system
-        end
-        def encoding_system_obj
-          TclTkLib.encoding_system
-        end
-        alias encoding_system encoding_system_name
-
-        ################################
-      end
-
-      def encoding_convertfrom(str, enc=nil)
-        enc = encoding_system_name unless enc
-        str = str.dup
-        if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          if str.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString)
-            str.__instance_variable_set('@encoding', nil)
-          else
-            str.instance_variable_set('@encoding', nil)
-          end
-          str.force_encoding('binary')
-        else
-          str.instance_variable_set('@encoding', 'binary')
-        end
-        ret = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('encoding', 'convertfrom', 
-                                                 enc, str)
-        if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          ret.force_encoding('utf-8')
-        else
-          Tk::UTF8_String.new(ret)
-        end
-        ret
-      end
-      alias encoding_convert_from encoding_convertfrom
-
-      def encoding_convertto(str, enc=nil)
-        # str must be a UTF-8 string
-        enc = encoding_system_name unless enc
-        ret = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('encoding', 'convertto', 
-                                                 enc, str)
-        #ret.instance_variable_set('@encoding', 'binary')
-        if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          #ret.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj('binary'))
-          ret.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(enc))
-        end
-        ret
-      end
-      alias encoding_convert_to encoding_convertto
-
-      def encoding_dirs
-        # Tcl8.5 feature
-        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call_without_enc('encoding', 'dirs'))
-      end
-
-      def encoding_dirs=(dir_list) # an array or a Tcl's list string
-        # Tcl8.5 feature
-        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('encoding', 'dirs', dir_list)
-      end
-    end
-
-    extend Encoding
-  end
-
   class TclTkIp
-    def force_default_encoding=(mode)
-      @force_default_encoding = (mode)? true: false
-    end
-
-    def force_default_encoding?
-      @force_default_encoding ||= false
-    end
-
-    def default_encoding=(name)
-      name = name.name if name.kind_of?(::Encoding) if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
-      @encoding = name
-    end
-
     # from tkencoding.rb by ttate@jaist.ac.jp
-    #attr_accessor :encoding
-    def encoding=(name)
-      self.force_default_encoding = true  # for comaptibility
-      self.default_encoding = name
-    end
-
-    def encoding_name
-      (@encoding)? @encoding.dup: nil
-    end
-    alias encoding encoding_name
-    alias default_encoding encoding_name
-
-    def encoding_obj
-      if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
-        Tk::Encoding.tcl2rb_encoding(@encoding)
-      else
-        (@encoding)? @encoding.dup: nil
-      end
-    end
-
-    alias __toUTF8 _toUTF8
-    alias __fromUTF8 _fromUTF8
-
-    if Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
-      # with Encoding (Ruby 1.9+)
-      #
-      # use functions on Tcl as default.
-      # but when unsupported encoding on Tcl, use methods on Ruby.
-      #
-      def _toUTF8(str, enc = nil)
-        if enc
-          # use given encoding
-          begin
-            enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-          rescue
-            # unknown encoding for Tk -> try to convert encoding on Ruby
-            str = str.dup.force_encoding(enc)
-            str.encode!(Tk::Encoding::UTF8_NAME) # modify self !!
-            return str  # if no error, probably succeed converting
-          end
-        end
-
-        enc_name ||= str.instance_variable_get(:@encoding)
-
-        enc_name ||= 
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(str.encoding) rescue nil
-
-        unless enc_name
-          # str.encoding isn't supported by Tk -> try to convert on Ruby
-          begin
-            return str.encode(Tk::Encoding::UTF8_NAME) # new string
-          rescue
-            # error -> ignore, try to use default encoding of Ruby/Tk
-          end
-        end
-
-        #enc_name ||= 
-        #  Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(Tk.encoding) rescue nil
-        enc_name ||= Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(nil)
-
-        # is 'binary' encoding?
-        if enc_name == Tk::Encoding::BINARY_NAME
-          return str.dup.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::BINARY_NAME)
-        end
-
-        # force default encoding?
-        if ! str.kind_of?(Tk::EncodedString) && self.force_default_encoding?
-          enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(Tk.default_encoding)
-        end
-
-        encstr = __toUTF8(str, enc_name)
-        encstr.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::UTF8_NAME)
-        encstr
-      end
-      def _fromUTF8(str, enc = nil)
-        # str must be UTF-8 or binary.
-        enc_name = str.instance_variable_get(:@encoding)
-        enc_name ||= 
-          Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(str.encoding) rescue nil
-
-        # is 'binary' encoding?
-        if enc_name == Tk::Encoding::BINARY_NAME
-          return str.dup.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::BINARY_NAME)
-        end
-
-        # get target encoding name (if enc == nil, use default encoding)
-        begin
-          enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(enc)
-        rescue
-          # then, enc != nil
-          # unknown encoding for Tk -> try to convert encoding on Ruby
-          str = str.dup.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::UTF8_NAME)
-          str.encode!(enc) # modify self !!
-          return str  # if no error, probably succeed converting
-        end
-
-        encstr = __fromUTF8(str, enc_name)
-        encstr.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(enc_name))
-        encstr
-      end
-      ###
-    else
-      # without Encoding (Ruby 1.8)
-      def _toUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
-        __toUTF8(str, encoding)
-      end
-      def _fromUTF8(str, encoding = nil)
-        __fromUTF8(str, encoding)
-      end
-      ###
-    end
+    attr_accessor :encoding
 
     alias __eval _eval
     alias __invoke _invoke
 
-    def _eval(cmd)
-      _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd)))
-    end
-
-    def _invoke(*cmds)
-      _fromUTF8(__invoke(*(cmds.collect{|cmd| _toUTF8(cmd)})))
-    end
-
-    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
-    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
+    alias __toUTF8 _toUTF8
+    alias __fromUTF8 _fromUTF8
 
 =begin
     #### --> definition is moved to TclTkIp module
@@ -2814,6 +2264,17 @@ if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
     end
 =end
 
+    def _eval(cmd)
+      _fromUTF8(__eval(_toUTF8(cmd)))
+    end
+
+    def _invoke(*cmds)
+      _fromUTF8(__invoke(*(cmds.collect{|cmd| _toUTF8(cmd)})))
+    end
+
+    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
+    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
+
 =begin
     def _eval(cmd)
       if defined?(@encoding) && @encoding != 'utf-8'
@@ -2870,213 +2331,126 @@ if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
 
   module TclTkLib
     class << self
-      def force_default_encoding=(mode)
-        TkCore::INTERP.force_default_encoding = mode
+      alias _encoding encoding
+      alias _encoding= encoding=
+      def encoding=(name)
+        TkCore::INTERP.encoding = name
       end
-
-      def force_default_encoding?
-        TkCore::INTERP.force_default_encoding?
+      def encoding
+        TkCore::INTERP.encoding
       end
+    end
+  end
 
-      def default_encoding=(name)
-        TkCore::INTERP.default_encoding = name
-      end
+  module Tk
+    module Encoding
+      extend Encoding
+
+      TkCommandNames = ['encoding'.freeze].freeze
 
-      alias _encoding encoding
-      alias _encoding= encoding=
       def encoding=(name)
-        name = name.name if name.kind_of?(::Encoding) if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
         TkCore::INTERP.encoding = name
       end
 
-      def encoding_name
+      def encoding
         TkCore::INTERP.encoding
       end
-      alias encoding encoding_name
-      alias default_encoding encoding_name
 
-      def encoding_obj
-        if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
-          Tk::Encoding.tcl2rb_encoding(TkCore::INTERP.encoding)
-        else
-          TkCore::INTERP.encoding
-        end
+      def encoding_names
+        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('encoding', 'names'))
       end
-    end
-  end
 
-  # estimate encoding
-  unless TkCore::WITH_ENCODING 
-    case $KCODE
-    when /^e/i  # EUC
-      Tk.encoding = 'euc-jp'
-      Tk.encoding_system = 'euc-jp'
-    when /^s/i  # SJIS
-      begin
-        if Tk.encoding_system == 'cp932'
-          Tk.encoding = 'cp932'
-        else
-          Tk.encoding = 'shiftjis'
-          Tk.encoding_system = 'shiftjis'
-        end
-      rescue StandardError, NameError
-        Tk.encoding = 'shiftjis'
-        Tk.encoding_system = 'shiftjis'
-      end
-    when /^u/i  # UTF8
-      Tk.encoding = 'utf-8'
-      Tk.encoding_system = 'utf-8'
-    else        # NONE
-      if defined? DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-        Tk.encoding_system = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-      end
-      begin
-        Tk.encoding = Tk.encoding_system
-      rescue StandardError, NameError
-        Tk.encoding = 'utf-8'
-        Tk.encoding_system = 'utf-8'
+      def encoding_system
+        Tk.tk_call('encoding', 'system')
       end
-    end
 
-  else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!
-    loc_enc_obj = ::Encoding.find(::Encoding.locale_charmap)
-    ext_enc_obj = ::Encoding.default_external
-    tksys_enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(Tk.encoding_system)
-    # p [Tk.encoding, Tk.encoding_system, loc_enc_obj, ext_enc_obj]
+      def encoding_system=(enc)
+        Tk.tk_call('encoding', 'system', enc)
+      end
 
-=begin
-    if ext_enc_obj == Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-      if defind? DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-        if DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING.kind_of?(::Encoding)
-          tk_enc_name    = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING.name
-          tksys_enc_name = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING.name
-        else
-          tk_enc_name    = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-          tksys_enc_name = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-        end
-      else
-        tk_enc_name    = loc_enc_obj.name
-        tksys_enc_name = loc_enc_obj.name
+      def encoding_convertfrom(str, enc=nil)
+        # str is an usual enc string or a Tcl's internal string expression
+        # in enc (which is returned from 'encoding_convertto' method). 
+        # the return value is a UTF-8 string.
+        enc = encoding_system unless enc
+        ret = TkCore::INTERP.__invoke('encoding', 'convertfrom', enc, str)
+        ret.instance_variable_set('@encoding', 'utf-8')
+        ret
       end
-    else
-      tk_enc_name    = ext_enc_obj.name
-      tksys_enc_name = ext_enc_obj.name
-    end
+      alias encoding_convert_from encoding_convertfrom
 
-    # Tk.encoding = tk_enc_name
-    Tk.default_encoding = tk_enc_name
-    Tk.encoding_system = tksys_enc_name
-=end
+      def encoding_convertto(str, enc=nil)
+        # str must be a UTF-8 string.
+        # The return value is a Tcl's internal string expression in enc. 
+        # To get an usual enc string, use Tk.fromUTF8(ret_val, enc).
+        enc = encoding_system unless enc
+        ret = TkCore::INTERP.__invoke('encoding', 'convertto', enc, str)
+        ret.instance_variable_set('@encoding', 'binary')
+        ret
+      end
+      alias encoding_convert_to encoding_convertto
 
-    if ext_enc_obj == Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-      if loc_enc_obj == Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-        # use Tk.encoding_system
-      else
-        # use locale_charmap
-        begin
-          loc_enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(loc_enc_obj)
-          if loc_enc_name && loc_enc_name != tksys_enc_name
-            # use locale_charmap
-            Tk.encoding_system = loc_enc_name
-          else
-            # use Tk.encoding_system
-          end
-        rescue ArgumentError
-          # unsupported encoding on Tk -> use Tk.encoding_system
-        end
+      def encoding_dirs
+        # Tcl8.5 feature
+        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call_without_enc('encoding', 'dirs'))
       end
-    else
-      begin
-        ext_enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(ext_enc_obj)
-        if ext_enc_name && ext_enc_name != tksys_enc_name
-          # use default_external
-          Tk.encoding_system = ext_enc_name
-        else
-          # use Tk.encoding_system
-        end
-      rescue ArgumentError
-        # unsupported encoding on Tk -> use Tk.encoding_system
+
+      def encoding_dirs=(dir_list) # an array or a Tcl's list string
+        # Tcl8.5 feature
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('encoding', 'dirs', dir_list)
       end
     end
 
-    # setup Tk.encoding
-    enc_name = nil
+    extend Encoding
+  end
 
+  # estimate encoding
+  case $KCODE
+  when /^e/i  # EUC
+    Tk.encoding = 'euc-jp'
+    Tk.encoding_system = 'euc-jp'
+  when /^s/i  # SJIS
     begin
-      default_def = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
-      if ::Encoding.find(default_def.to_s) != Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-        enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(default_def)
-      end
-    rescue NameError
-      # ignore
-      enc_name = nil
-    rescue ArgumentError
-      enc_name = nil
-      fail ArgumentError, 
-           "DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING has an unknown encoding #{default_def}"
-    end
-
-    unless enc_name
-      if ext_enc_obj == Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-        if loc_enc_obj == Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN
-          # use Tk.encoding_system
-          enc_name = tksys_enc_name
-        else
-          # use locale_charmap
-          begin
-            loc_enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(loc_enc_obj)
-            if loc_enc_name && loc_enc_name != tksys_enc_name
-              # use locale_charmap
-              enc_name = loc_enc_name
-            else
-              # use Tk.encoding_system
-              enc_name = tksys_enc_name
-            end
-          rescue ArgumentError
-            # unsupported encoding on Tk -> use Tk.encoding_system
-            enc_name = tksys_enc_name
-          end
-        end
+      if Tk.encoding_system == 'cp932'
+        Tk.encoding = 'cp932'
       else
-        begin
-          ext_enc_name = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(ext_enc_obj)
-          if ext_enc_name && ext_enc_name != tksys_enc_name
-            # use default_external
-            enc_name = ext_enc_name
-          else
-            # use Tk.encoding_system
-            enc_name = tksys_enc_name
-          end
-        rescue ArgumentError
-          # unsupported encoding on Tk -> use Tk.encoding_system
-          enc_name = tksys_enc_name
-        end
+        Tk.encoding = 'shiftjis'
+        Tk.encoding_system = 'shiftjis'
       end
+    rescue StandardError, NameError
+      Tk.encoding = 'shiftjis'
+      Tk.encoding_system = 'shiftjis'
+    end
+  when /^u/i  # UTF8
+    Tk.encoding = 'utf-8'
+    Tk.encoding_system = 'utf-8'
+  else        # NONE
+    if defined? DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
+      Tk.encoding_system = DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING
+    end
+    begin
+      Tk.encoding = Tk.encoding_system
+    rescue StandardError, NameError
+      Tk.encoding = 'utf-8'
+      Tk.encoding_system = 'utf-8'
     end
-
-    Tk.default_encoding = (enc_name)? enc_name: tksys_enc_name
   end
 
 else
   # dummy methods
-  module Tk
-    module Encoding
-      extend Encoding
+  class TclTkIp
+    attr_accessor :encoding
 
-      def force_default_encoding=(mode)
-        nil
-      end
+    alias __eval _eval
+    alias __invoke _invoke
 
-      def force_default_encoding?
-        nil
-      end
+    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
+    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
+  end
 
-      def default_encoding=(enc)
-        nil
-      end
-      def default_encoding
-        nil
-      end
+  module Tk
+    module Encoding
+      extend Encoding
 
       def encoding=(name)
         nil
@@ -3113,16 +2487,6 @@ else
 
     extend Encoding
   end
-
-  class TclTkIp
-    attr_accessor :encoding
-
-    alias __eval _eval
-    alias __invoke _invoke
-
-    alias _eval_with_enc _eval
-    alias _invoke_with_enc _invoke
-  end
 end
 
 
@@ -3245,15 +2609,7 @@ module TkTreatFont
               next
             else
               fnt = hash_kv(fnt) if fnt.kind_of?(Hash)
-              unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-                tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
-              else
-                begin
-                  tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
-                rescue
-                  # ignore
-                end
-              end
+              tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
             end
           end
           next
@@ -3307,15 +2663,7 @@ module TkTreatFont
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
         ltn = hash_kv(ltn) if ltn.kind_of?(Hash)
-        unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-          tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
-        else
-          begin
-            tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
-          rescue => e
-            # ignore
-          end
-        end
+        tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
         next
       end
 
@@ -3367,15 +2715,7 @@ module TkTreatFont
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
         knj = hash_kv(knj) if knj.kind_of?(Hash)
-        unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-          tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
-        else
-          begin
-            tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
-          rescue => e
-            # ignore
-          end
-        end
+        tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
         next
       end
 
@@ -3476,14 +2816,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
   include TkUtil
   include TkTreatFont
 
-  def TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-    @mode || false
-  end
-  def TkConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__!(mode)
-    fail SecurityError, "can't change the mode" if $SAFE>=4
-    @mode = (mode)? true: false
-  end
-
   def __cget_cmd
     [self.path, 'cget']
   end
@@ -3505,11 +2837,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
   end
   private :__configinfo_struct
 
-  def __optkey_aliases
-    {}
-  end
-  private :__optkey_aliases
-
   def __numval_optkeys
     []
   end
@@ -3616,7 +2943,7 @@ module TkConfigMethod
     val
   end
 
-  def __cget_core(slot)
+  def cget(slot)
     orig_slot = slot
     slot = slot.to_s
  
@@ -3624,11 +2951,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
     end
 
-    alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-    if real_name
-      slot = real_name.to_s
-    end
-
     if ( method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot] )
       optval = tk_call_without_enc(*(__cget_cmd << "-#{slot}"))
       begin
@@ -3697,41 +3019,11 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call_without_enc(*(__cget_cmd << "-#{slot}")), true)
     end
   end
-  private :__cget_core
 
-  def cget(slot)
-    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      __cget_core(slot)
-    else
-      begin
-        __cget_core(slot)
-      rescue => e
-        if current_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
-          # error on known option
-          fail e
-        else
-          # unknown option
-          nil
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    # never use TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-    __cget_core(slot)
-  end
-
-  def __configure_core(slot, value=None)
+  def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
       slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
 
-      __optkey_aliases.each{|alias_name, real_name|
-        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
-        if slot.has_key?(alias_name)
-          slot[real_name.to_s] = slot.delete(alias_name)
-        end
-      }
-
       __methodcall_optkeys.each{|key, method|
         value = slot.delete(key.to_s)
         self.__send__(method, value) if value
@@ -3768,11 +3060,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
         fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
       end
 
-      alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-      if real_name
-        slot = real_name.to_s
-      end
-
       if ( conf = __keyonly_optkeys.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot} )
         defkey, undefkey = conf
         if value
@@ -3796,55 +3083,12 @@ module TkConfigMethod
     end
     self
   end
-  private :__configure_core
-
-  def __check_available_configure_options(keys)
-    availables = self.current_configinfo.keys
-
-    # add non-standard keys
-    availables |= __font_optkeys.map{|k|
-      [k.to_s, "latin#{k}", "ascii#{k}", "kanji#{k}"]
-    }.flatten
-    availables |= __methodcall_optkeys.keys.map{|k| k.to_s}
-    availables |= __keyonly_optkeys.keys.map{|k| k.to_s}
-
-    keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-    keys.delete_if{|k, v| !(availables.include?(k))}
-  end
-
-  def configure(slot, value=None)
-    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      __configure_core(slot, value)
-    else
-      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
-        begin
-          __configure_core(slot)
-        rescue
-          slot = __check_available_configure_options(slot)
-          __configure_core(slot) unless slot.empty?
-        end
-      else
-        begin
-          __configure_core(slot, value)
-        rescue => e
-          if current_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
-            # error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # unknown option
-            nil
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
 
   def configure_cmd(slot, value)
     configure(slot, install_cmd(value))
   end
 
-  def __configinfo_core(slot = nil)
+  def configinfo(slot = nil)
     if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
       if (slot && 
           slot.to_s =~ /^(|latin|ascii|kanji)(#{__font_optkeys.join('|')})$/)
@@ -3855,10 +3099,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
           conf[__configinfo_struct[:key]][1..-1]
         if ( ! __configinfo_struct[:alias] \
             || conf.size > __configinfo_struct[:alias] + 1 )
-          fnt = conf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]]
-          if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-            conf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-          end
           conf[__configinfo_struct[:current_value]] = fontobj(fontkey)
         elsif ( __configinfo_struct[:alias] \
                && conf.size == __configinfo_struct[:alias] + 1 \
@@ -3870,12 +3110,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__val2ruby_optkeys().keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot]
@@ -4201,11 +3435,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
             fontconf = ret.assoc(optkey)
             if fontconf && fontconf.size > 2
               ret.delete_if{|inf| inf[0] =~ /^(|latin|ascii|kanji)#{optkey}$/}
-              fnt = fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]]
-              if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-                fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]] \
-                  = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-              end
               fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:current_value]] = fontobj(optkey)
               ret.push(fontconf)
             end
@@ -4230,10 +3459,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
 
         if ( ! __configinfo_struct[:alias] \
             || conf.size > __configinfo_struct[:alias] + 1 )
-          fnt = conf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]]
-          if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-            conf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-          end
           conf[__configinfo_struct[:current_value]] = fontobj(fontkey)
           { conf.shift => conf }
         elsif ( __configinfo_struct[:alias] \
@@ -4249,12 +3474,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__val2ruby_optkeys().keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot]
@@ -4587,11 +3806,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
               ret.delete('latin' << optkey)
               ret.delete('ascii' << optkey)
               ret.delete('kanji' << optkey)
-              fnt = fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]]
-              if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-                fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:default_value]] \
-                  = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-              end
               fontconf[__configinfo_struct[:current_value]] = fontobj(optkey)
               ret[optkey] = fontconf
             end
@@ -4606,19 +3820,6 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       end
     end
   end
-  private :__configinfo_core
-
-  def configinfo(slot = nil)
-    if slot && TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      begin
-        __configinfo_core(slot)
-      rescue
-        Array.new(__configinfo_struct.values.max).unshift(slot.to_s)
-      end
-    else
-      __configinfo_core(slot)
-    end
-  end
 
   def current_configinfo(slot = nil)
     if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
@@ -4718,12 +3919,7 @@ class TkObject<TkKernel
       begin
         cget(name)
       rescue
-        if self.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-          fail NameError, 
-               "unknown option '#{id}' for #{self.inspect} (deleted widget?)"
-        else
-          super(id, *args)
-        end
+        super(id, *args)
 #        fail NameError, 
 #             "undefined local variable or method `#{name}' for #{self.to_s}", 
 #             error_at
@@ -4778,15 +3974,6 @@ end
 class TkWindow<TkObject
   include TkWinfo
   extend TkBindCore
-  include Tk::Wm_for_General
-
-  @@WIDGET_INSPECT_FULL = false
-  def TkWindow._widget_inspect_full_?
-    @@WIDGET_INSPECT_FULL
-  end
-  def TkWindow._widget_inspect_full_=(mode)
-    @@WIDGET_INSPECT_FULL = (mode && true) || false
-  end
 
   TkCommandNames = [].freeze
   ## ==> If TkCommandNames[0] is a string (not a null string), 
@@ -4850,13 +4037,6 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
           fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
         }
 
-        __optkey_aliases.each{|alias_name, real_name|
-          alias_name = alias_name.to_s
-          if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
-            keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
-          end
-        }
-
         __methodcall_optkeys.each{|key|
           key = key.to_s
           methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
@@ -4889,48 +4069,13 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     end
 
     if keys and keys != None
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-      else
-        begin
-          tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        rescue => e
-          tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path)
-          keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
-          unless keys.empty?
-            begin
-              # try to configure
-              configure(keys)
-            rescue
-              # fail => includes options adaptable when creattion only?
-              begin
-                tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-              rescue
-                # cannot rescue options error
-                fail e 
-              else
-                # re-create widget
-                tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-              end
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
       tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path)
     end
   end
   private :create_self
 
-  def inspect
-    if @@WIDGET_INSPECT_FULL
-      super
-    else
-      str = super
-      str[0..(str.index(' '))] << '@path=' << @path.inspect << '>'
-    end
-  end
-
   def exist?
     TkWinfo.exist?(self)
   end
@@ -5052,15 +4197,6 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     self
   end
 
-  def grid_anchor(anchor=None)
-    if anchor == None
-      TkGrid.anchor(self)
-    else
-      TkGrid.anchor(self, anchor)
-      self
-    end
-  end
-
   def grid_forget
     #tk_call('grid', 'forget', epath)
     TkGrid.forget(self)
@@ -5092,14 +4228,12 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     TkGrid.columnconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
   alias grid_columnconfigure grid_columnconfig
-  alias grid_column grid_columnconfig
 
   def grid_rowconfig(index, keys)
     #tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
     TkGrid.rowconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
   alias grid_rowconfigure grid_rowconfig
-  alias grid_row grid_rowconfig
 
   def grid_columnconfiginfo(index, slot=nil)
     #if slot
@@ -5342,13 +4476,11 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     end
 
     children.each{|path, obj|
-      obj.instance_eval{
-        if defined?(@cmdtbl)
-          for id in @cmdtbl
-            uninstall_cmd id
-          end
+      if defined?(@cmdtbl)
+        for id in @cmdtbl
+          uninstall_cmd id
         end
-      }
+      end
       TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows.delete(path)
     }
 
@@ -5453,7 +4585,7 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     bindtags(bindtags().unshift(tag))
   end
 end
-TkWidget = TkWindow
+
 
 # freeze core modules
 #TclTkLib.freeze
@@ -5466,7 +4598,7 @@ TkWidget = TkWindow
 #Tk.freeze
 
 module Tk
-  RELEASE_DATE = '2008-05-23'.freeze
+  RELEASE_DATE = '2007-01-26'.freeze
 
   autoload :AUTO_PATH,        'tk/variable'
   autoload :TCL_PACKAGE_PATH, 'tk/variable'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/autoload.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/autoload.rb
index 0773f7708d..6b3773f4ea 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/autoload.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/autoload.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,9 @@
 #
 #  autoload
 #
-############################################
-#  geometry manager
-module Tk
-  autoload :Grid,             'tk/grid'
-  def Grid(*args); TkGrid.configure(*args); end
-
-  autoload :Pack,             'tk/pack'
-  def Pack(*args); TkPack.configure(*args); end
-
-  autoload :Place,            'tk/place'
-  def Place(*args); TkPlace.configure(*args); end
-end
 
+#######################
+#  geometry manager
 autoload :TkGrid,             'tk/grid'
 def TkGrid(*args); TkGrid.configure(*args); end
 
@@ -24,117 +14,19 @@ autoload :TkPlace,            'tk/place'
 def TkPlace(*args); TkPlace.configure(*args); end
 
 
-############################################
-# classes on Tk module
-module Tk
-  autoload :Button,           'tk/button'
-
-  autoload :Canvas,           'tk/canvas'
-
-  autoload :CheckButton,      'tk/checkbutton'
-  autoload :Checkbutton,      'tk/checkbutton'
-
-  autoload :Entry,            'tk/entry'
-
-  autoload :Frame,            'tk/frame'
-
-  autoload :Label,            'tk/label'
-
-  autoload :LabelFrame,       'tk/labelframe'
-  autoload :Labelframe,       'tk/labelframe'
-
-  autoload :Listbox,          'tk/listbox'
-
-  autoload :Menu,             'tk/menu'
-  autoload :MenuClone,        'tk/menu'
-  autoload :CloneMenu,        'tk/menu'
-  autoload :SystemMenu,       'tk/menu'
-  autoload :SysMenu_Help,     'tk/menu'
-  autoload :SysMenu_System,   'tk/menu'
-  autoload :SysMenu_Apple,    'tk/menu'
-  autoload :Menubutton,       'tk/menu'
-  autoload :MenuButton,       'tk/menu'
-  autoload :OptionMenubutton, 'tk/menu'
-  autoload :OptionMenBbutton, 'tk/menu'
-
-  autoload :Message,          'tk/message'
-
-  autoload :PanedWindow,      'tk/panedwindow'
-  autoload :Panedwindow,      'tk/panedwindow'
-
-  autoload :RadioButton,      'tk/radiobutton'
-  autoload :Radiobutton,      'tk/radiobutton'
-
-  autoload :Root,             'tk/root'
-
-  autoload :Scale,            'tk/scale'
-
-  autoload :Scrollbar,        'tk/scrollbar'
-  autoload :XScrollbar,       'tk/scrollbar'
-  autoload :YScrollbar,       'tk/scrollbar'
-
-  autoload :Spinbox,          'tk/spinbox'
-
-  autoload :Text,             'tk/text'
-
-  autoload :Toplevel,         'tk/toplevel'
-end
-
-
-############################################
-# sub-module of Tk
-module Tk
-  autoload :Clock,            'tk/clock'
-
-  autoload :OptionObj,        'tk/optionobj'
-
-  autoload :X_Scrollable,     'tk/scrollable'
-  autoload :Y_Scrollable,     'tk/scrollable'
-  autoload :Scrollable,       'tk/scrollable'
-
-  autoload :Wm,               'tk/wm'
-  autoload :Wm_for_General,   'tk/wm'
-
-  autoload :MacResource,      'tk/macpkg'
-
-  autoload :WinDDE,           'tk/winpkg'
-  autoload :WinRegistry,      'tk/winpkg'
-
-  autoload :ValidateConfigure,     'tk/validation'
-  autoload :ItemValidateConfigure, 'tk/validation'
-
-  autoload :EncodedString,    'tk/encodedstr'
-  def Tk.EncodedString(str, enc = nil); Tk::EncodedString.new(str, enc); end
-
-  autoload :BinaryString,     'tk/encodedstr'
-  def Tk.BinaryString(str); Tk::BinaryString.new(str); end
-
-  autoload :UTF8_String,      'tk/encodedstr'
-  def Tk.UTF8_String(str); Tk::UTF8_String.new(str); end
-
-end
-
-
-############################################
-#  toplevel classes/modules (fixed)
+#######################
+# others
 autoload :TkBgError,          'tk/bgerror'
 
 autoload :TkBindTag,          'tk/bindtag'
 autoload :TkBindTagAll,       'tk/bindtag'
 autoload :TkDatabaseClass,    'tk/bindtag'
 
+autoload :TkButton,           'tk/button'
+
 autoload :TkConsole,          'tk/console'
 
-autoload :TkcItem,            'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcArc,             'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcBitmap,          'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcImage,           'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcLine,            'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcOval,            'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcPolygon,         'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcRectangle,       'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcText,            'tk/canvas'
-autoload :TkcWindow,          'tk/canvas'
+autoload :TkCanvas,           'tk/canvas'
 
 autoload :TkcTagAccess,       'tk/canvastag'
 autoload :TkcTag,             'tk/canvastag'
@@ -144,6 +36,9 @@ autoload :TkcTagAll,          'tk/canvastag'
 autoload :TkcTagCurrent,      'tk/canvastag'
 autoload :TkcTagGroup,        'tk/canvastag'
 
+autoload :TkCheckButton,      'tk/checkbutton'
+autoload :TkCheckbutton,      'tk/checkbutton'
+
 autoload :TkClipboard,        'tk/clipboard'
 
 autoload :TkComposite,        'tk/composite'
@@ -157,10 +52,14 @@ autoload :TkWarning,          'tk/dialog'
 autoload :TkWarning2,         'tk/dialog'
 autoload :TkWarningObj,       'tk/dialog'
 
+autoload :TkEntry,            'tk/entry'
+
 autoload :TkEvent,            'tk/event'
 
 autoload :TkFont,             'tk/font'
-autoload :TkNamedFont,        'tk/font'
+autoload :TkTreatTagFont,     'tk/font'
+
+autoload :TkFrame,            'tk/frame'
 
 autoload :TkImage,            'tk/image'
 autoload :TkBitmapImage,      'tk/image'
@@ -172,12 +71,30 @@ autoload :TkTreatItemFont,    'tk/itemfont'
 
 autoload :TkKinput,           'tk/kinput'
 
+autoload :TkLabel,            'tk/label'
+
+autoload :TkLabelFrame,       'tk/labelframe'
+autoload :TkLabelframe,       'tk/labelframe'
+
+autoload :TkListbox,          'tk/listbox'
+
+autoload :TkMacResource,      'tk/macpkg'
+
+autoload :TkMenu,             'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkMenuClone,        'tk/menu'
 autoload :TkSystemMenu,       'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkSysMenu_Help,     'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkSysMenu_System,   'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkSysMenu_Apple,    'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkMenubutton,       'tk/menu'
+autoload :TkOptionMenubutton, 'tk/menu'
 
 autoload :TkMenubar,          'tk/menubar'
 
 autoload :TkMenuSpec,         'tk/menuspec'
 
+autoload :TkMessage,          'tk/message'
+
 autoload :TkManageFocus,      'tk/mngfocus'
 
 autoload :TkMsgCatalog,       'tk/msgcat'
@@ -193,46 +110,53 @@ autoload :TkPackage,          'tk/package'
 
 autoload :TkPalette,          'tk/palette'
 
+autoload :TkPanedWindow,      'tk/panedwindow'
+autoload :TkPanedwindow,      'tk/panedwindow'
+
+autoload :TkRadioButton,      'tk/radiobutton'
+autoload :TkRadiobutton,      'tk/radiobutton'
+
 autoload :TkRoot,             'tk/root'
 
+autoload :TkScale,            'tk/scale'
+
+autoload :TkScrollbar,        'tk/scrollbar'
+autoload :TkXScrollbar,       'tk/scrollbar'
+autoload :TkYScrollbar,       'tk/scrollbar'
+
 autoload :TkScrollbox,        'tk/scrollbox'
 
 autoload :TkSelection,        'tk/selection'
 
+autoload :TkSpinbox,          'tk/spinbox'
+
 autoload :TkTreatTagFont,     'tk/tagfont'
 
+autoload :TkText,             'tk/text'
+
 autoload :TkTextImage,        'tk/textimage'
-autoload :TktImage,           'tk/textimage'
 
 autoload :TkTextMark,         'tk/textmark'
 autoload :TkTextNamedMark,    'tk/textmark'
 autoload :TkTextMarkInsert,   'tk/textmark'
 autoload :TkTextMarkCurrent,  'tk/textmark'
 autoload :TkTextMarkAnchor,   'tk/textmark'
-autoload :TktMark,            'tk/textmark'
-autoload :TktNamedMark,       'tk/textmark'
-autoload :TktMarkInsert,      'tk/textmark'
-autoload :TktMarkCurrent,     'tk/textmark'
-autoload :TktMarkAnchor,      'tk/textmark'
 
 autoload :TkTextTag,          'tk/texttag'
 autoload :TkTextNamedTag,     'tk/texttag'
 autoload :TkTextTagSel,       'tk/texttag'
-autoload :TktTag,             'tk/texttag'
-autoload :TktNamedTag,        'tk/texttag'
-autoload :TktTagSel,          'tk/texttag'
 
 autoload :TkTextWindow,       'tk/textwindow'
-autoload :TktWindow,          'tk/textwindow'
 
 autoload :TkAfter,            'tk/timer'
 autoload :TkTimer,            'tk/timer'
 autoload :TkRTTimer,          'tk/timer'
 
+autoload :TkToplevel,         'tk/toplevel'
+
 autoload :TkTextWin,          'tk/txtwin_abst'
 
 autoload :TkValidation,       'tk/validation'
-autoload :TkValidateCommand,  'tk/validation'
 
 autoload :TkVariable,         'tk/variable'
 autoload :TkVarAccess,        'tk/variable'
@@ -242,173 +166,31 @@ autoload :TkNamedVirtualEvent,'tk/virtevent'
 
 autoload :TkWinfo,            'tk/winfo'
 
+autoload :TkWinDDE,           'tk/winpkg'
+autoload :TkWinRegistry,      'tk/winpkg'
+
 autoload :TkXIM,              'tk/xim'
 
 
-############################################
-#  toplevel classes/modules (switchable)
+#######################
+# sub-module of Tk
 module Tk
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE = {}
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[:Tk] = {
-    :TkButton             => 'tk/button', 
-
-    :TkCanvas             => 'tk/canvas', 
-
-    :TkCheckButton        => 'tk/checkbutton', 
-    :TkCheckbutton        => 'tk/checkbutton', 
-
-    # :TkDialog             => 'tk/dialog', 
-    # :TkDialog2            => 'tk/dialog', 
-    # :TkDialogObj          => 'tk/dialog', 
-    # :TkWarning            => 'tk/dialog', 
-    # :TkWarning2           => 'tk/dialog', 
-    # :TkWarningObj         => 'tk/dialog', 
-
-    :TkEntry              => 'tk/entry', 
-
-    :TkFrame              => 'tk/frame', 
-
-    :TkLabel              => 'tk/label', 
-
-    :TkLabelFrame         => 'tk/labelframe', 
-    :TkLabelframe         => 'tk/labelframe', 
-
-    :TkListbox            => 'tk/listbox', 
-
-    :TkMacResource        => 'tk/macpkg', 
-
-    :TkMenu               => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkMenuClone          => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkCloneMenu          => 'tk/menu', 
-    # :TkSystemMenu         => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkSysMenu_Help       => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkSysMenu_System     => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkSysMenu_Apple      => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkMenubutton         => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkMenuButton         => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkOptionMenubutton   => 'tk/menu', 
-    :TkOptionMenuButton   => 'tk/menu', 
-
-    :TkMessage            => 'tk/message', 
-
-    :TkPanedWindow        => 'tk/panedwindow', 
-    :TkPanedwindow        => 'tk/panedwindow', 
-
-    :TkRadioButton        => 'tk/radiobutton', 
-    :TkRadiobutton        => 'tk/radiobutton', 
-
-    # :TkRoot               => 'tk/root', 
-
-    :TkScale              => 'tk/scale', 
-
-    :TkScrollbar          => 'tk/scrollbar', 
-    :TkXScrollbar         => 'tk/scrollbar', 
-    :TkYScrollbar         => 'tk/scrollbar', 
-
-    :TkSpinbox            => 'tk/spinbox', 
-
-    :TkText               => 'tk/text', 
-
-    :TkToplevel           => 'tk/toplevel', 
-
-    :TkWinDDE             => 'tk/winpkg', 
-    :TkWinRegistry        => 'tk/winpkg', 
-  }
-
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_OWNER = {}
-
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_SETUP_PROC = {}
-
-  @current_default_widget_set = nil
-end
-
-
-############################################
-#  methods to control default widget set
-############################################
-
-class << Tk
-  def default_widget_set
-    @current_default_widget_set
-  end
-
-  def default_widget_set=(target)
-    target = target.to_sym
-    return target if target == @current_default_widget_set
-
-    if (cmd = @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_SETUP_PROC[target])
-      cmd.call(target)
-    end
-
-    _replace_toplevel_aliases(target)
-  end
-
-  def __set_toplevel_aliases__(target, obj, *symbols)
-    @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[target = target.to_sym] ||= {}
-    symbols.each{|sym|
-      @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[target][sym = sym.to_sym] = obj
-      # if @current_default_widget_set == target
-      if @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_OWNER[sym] == target
-        Object.class_eval{remove_const sym} if Object.const_defined?(sym)
-        Object.const_set(sym, obj)
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  ###################################
-  private
-  def _replace_toplevel_aliases(target)
-    # check already autoloaded
-    if (table = @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[current = @current_default_widget_set])
-      table.each{|sym, file|
-        if !Object.autoload?(sym) && Object.const_defined?(sym) && 
-            @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[current][sym].kind_of?(String)
-          # autoload -> class
-          @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[current][sym] = Object.const_get(sym)
-        end
-      }
-    end
-
-    # setup autoloads
-    @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[target].each{|sym, file|
-      Object.class_eval{remove_const sym} if Object.const_defined?(sym)
-      if file.kind_of?(String)
-        # file => autoload target file
-        Object.autoload(sym, file)
-      else
-        # file => loaded class object
-        Object.const_set(sym, file)
-      end
-      @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_OWNER[sym] = target
-    }
-
-    # update current alias
-    @current_default_widget_set = target
-  end
-end
-
-############################################
-# setup default widget set => :Tk
-Tk.default_widget_set = :Tk
+  autoload :Clock,            'tk/clock'
+  autoload :OptionObj,        'tk/optionobj'
+  autoload :X_Scrollable,     'tk/scrollable'
+  autoload :Y_Scrollable,     'tk/scrollable'
+  autoload :Scrollable,       'tk/scrollable'
+  autoload :Wm,               'tk/wm'
 
+  autoload :ValidateConfigure,     'tk/validation'
+  autoload :ItemValidateConfigure, 'tk/validation'
 
-############################################
-#  depend on the version of Tcl/Tk
-# major, minor, type, type_name, patchlevel = TclTkLib.get_version
+  autoload :EncodedString,    'tk/encodedstr'
+  def Tk.EncodedString(str, enc = nil); Tk::EncodedString.new(str, enc); end
 
-############################################
-# Ttk (Tile) support
-=begin
-if major > 8 || 
-    (major == 8 && minor > 5) || 
-    (major == 8 && minor == 5 && type >= TclTkLib::RELEASE_TYPE::BETA) 
-  # Tcl/Tk 8.5 beta or later
-  Object.autoload :Ttk, 'tkextlib/tile'
-  Tk.autoload :Tile, 'tkextlib/tile'
+  autoload :BinaryString,     'tk/encodedstr'
+  def Tk.BinaryString(str); Tk::BinaryString.new(str); end
 
-  require 'tk/ttk_selector'
+  autoload :UTF8_String,      'tk/encodedstr'
+  def Tk.UTF8_String(str); Tk::UTF8_String.new(str); end
 end
-=end
-Object.autoload :Ttk, 'tkextlib/tile'
-Tk.autoload :Tile, 'tkextlib/tile'
-require 'tk/ttk_selector'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/bindtag.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/bindtag.rb
index 88c8367a88..9023a08e06 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/bindtag.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/bindtag.rb
@@ -8,64 +8,30 @@ class TkBindTag
 
   #BTagID_TBL = {}
   BTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tk_BINDTAG_ID = ["btag".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
 
-  (Tk_BINDTAG_ID = ["btag".freeze, "00000".taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ BTagID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ BTagID_TBL.clear }
 
   def TkBindTag.id2obj(id)
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      (BTagID_TBL[id])? BTagID_TBL[id]: id
-    }
+    BTagID_TBL[id]? BTagID_TBL[id]: id
   end
 
-=begin
   def TkBindTag.new_by_name(name, *args, &b)
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
-    }
-
+    return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
     self.new.instance_eval{
-      BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        BTagID_TBL.delete @id
-        @id = name
-        BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-      }
+      BTagID_TBL.delete @id
+      @id = name
+      BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
       bind(*args, &b) if args != []
       self
     }
   end
-=end
-  def TkBindTag.new_by_name(name, *args, &b)
-    obj = nil
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if BTagID_TBL[name]
-        obj = BTagID_TBL[name]
-      else
-        (obj = BTagID_TBL[name] = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @id = name
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    bind(*args, &b) if obj && args != []
-    obj
-  end
 
   def initialize(*args, &b)
-    Tk_BINDTAG_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @id = Tk_BINDTAG_ID.join('')
-      @id = Tk_BINDTAG_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_BINDTAG_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    }
+    # @id = Tk_BINDTAG_ID.join('')
+    @id = Tk_BINDTAG_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    Tk_BINDTAG_ID[1].succ!
+    BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
     bind(*args, &b) if args != []
   end
 
@@ -97,37 +63,14 @@ end
 
 
 class TkDatabaseClass<TkBindTag
-=begin
   def self.new(name, *args, &b)
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
-    }
+    return BTagID_TBL[name] if BTagID_TBL[name]
     super(name, *args, &b)
   end
 
   def initialize(name, *args, &b)
     @id = name
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-    }
-    bind(*args, &b) if args != []
-  end
-=end
-  def self.new(name, *args, &b)
-    BTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if BTagID_TBL[name]
-        BTagID_TBL[name]
-      else
-        BTagID_TBL[name] = self.allocate.instance_eval{
-          initialize(name, *args, &b)
-          self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-  end
-
-  def initialize(name, *args, &b)
-    @id = name
+    BTagID_TBL[@id] = self
     bind(*args, &b) if args != []
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/button.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/button.rb
index 770a5785bb..407a47c400 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/button.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/label'
 
-class Tk::Button<Tk::Label
+class TkButton<TkLabel
   TkCommandNames = ['button'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Button'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -25,6 +25,3 @@ class Tk::Button<Tk::Label
     self
   end
 end
-
-#TkButton = Tk::Button unless Object.const_defined? :TkButton
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Button, :TkButton)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
index 36ea008a17..c30fd79bb9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 #               tk/canvas.rb - Tk canvas classes
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
 #
 require 'tk'
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ module TkCanvasItemConfig
   private :__item_pathname
 end
 
-class Tk::Canvas<TkWindow
+class TkCanvas<TkWindow
   include TkCanvasItemConfig
   include Tk::Scrollable
 
@@ -168,8 +169,6 @@ class Tk::Canvas<TkWindow
     #tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('canvasy', screen_y, *args))
     number(tk_send_without_enc('canvasy', screen_y, *args))
   end
-  alias canvas_x canvasx
-  alias canvas_y canvasy
 
   def coords(tag, *args)
     if args == []
@@ -187,17 +186,11 @@ class Tk::Canvas<TkWindow
   end
 
   def delete(*args)
-    tbl = nil
-    TkcItem::CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      tbl = TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path]
-    }
-    if tbl
+    if TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path]
       args.each{|tag|
         find('withtag', tag).each{|item|
           if item.kind_of?(TkcItem)
-            TkcItem::CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-              tbl.delete(item.id)
-            }
+            TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path].delete(item.id)
           end
         }
       }
@@ -580,10 +573,6 @@ class Tk::Canvas<TkWindow
   end
 end
 
-#TkCanvas = Tk::Canvas unless Object.const_defined? :TkCanvas
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Canvas, :TkCanvas)
-
-
 class TkcItem<TkObject
   extend Tk
   include TkcTagAccess
@@ -592,12 +581,9 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
 
   CItemTypeName = nil
   CItemTypeToClass = {}
-
   CItemID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ CItemID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ CItemID_TBL.clear }
 
   def TkcItem.type2class(type)
     CItemTypeToClass[type]
@@ -605,13 +591,8 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
 
   def TkcItem.id2obj(canvas, id)
     cpath = canvas.path
-    CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if CItemID_TBL[cpath]
-        CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]? CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless CItemID_TBL[cpath]
+    CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]? CItemID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
   end
 
   ########################################
@@ -644,13 +625,6 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
         fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
       }
 
-      __item_optkey_aliases(nil).each{|alias_name, real_name|
-        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
-        if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
-          keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
-        end
-      }
-
       __item_methodcall_optkeys(nil).each{|key|
         key = key.to_s
         methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
@@ -684,17 +658,15 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
   ########################################
 
   def initialize(parent, *args)
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Canvas for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkCanvas for 1st argument"
     #end
     @parent = @c = parent
     @path = parent.path
 
     @id = create_self(*args) # an integer number as 'canvas item id'
-    CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
-      CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
-    }
+    CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
+    CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
   end
   def create_self(*args)
     self.class.create(@c, *args) # return an integer number as 'canvas item id'
@@ -715,9 +687,7 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
 
   def delete
     @c.delete @id
-    CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
-    }
+    CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
     self
   end
   alias remove  delete
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
index 49796d80b2..a5650ee68b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ module TkcTagAccess
   def cget(option)
     @c.itemcget(@id, option)
   end
-  def cget_strict(option)
-    @c.itemcget_strict(@id, option)
-  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @c.itemconfigure(@id, key, value)
@@ -202,26 +199,14 @@ class TkcTag<TkObject
   include TkcTagAccess
 
   CTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tk_CanvasTag_ID = ['ctag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (Tk_CanvasTag_ID = ['ctag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ CTagID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ CTagID_TBL.clear }
 
   def TkcTag.id2obj(canvas, id)
     cpath = canvas.path
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if CTagID_TBL[cpath]
-        CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]? CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-      else 
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless CTagID_TBL[cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]? CTagID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, mode=nil, *args)
@@ -230,15 +215,11 @@ class TkcTag<TkObject
     #end
     @c = parent
     @cpath = parent.path
-    Tk_CanvasTag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @path = @id = Tk_CanvasTag_ID.join('')
-      @path = @id = Tk_CanvasTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_CanvasTag_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    # @path = @id = Tk_CanvasTag_ID.join('')
+    @path = @id = Tk_CanvasTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
+    Tk_CanvasTag_ID[1].succ!
     if mode
       tk_call_without_enc(@c.path, "addtag", @id, mode, *args)
     end
@@ -257,9 +238,7 @@ class TkcTag<TkObject
 
   def delete
     @c.delete @id
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath].delete(@id) if CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-    }
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath].delete(@id) if CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
     self
   end
   alias remove  delete
@@ -309,38 +288,23 @@ class TkcTag<TkObject
 end
 
 class TkcTagString<TkcTag
-  def self.new(parent, name, mode=nil, *args)
-    obj = nil
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if CTagID_TBL[parent.path] && CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-        obj = CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      else
-        # super(parent, name, *args)
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @c = parent
-          @cpath = parent.path
-          @path = @id = name
-          CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-          CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    if obj && mode
-      tk_call_without_enc(@c.path, "addtag", @id, mode, *args)
+  def self.new(parent, name, *args)
+    if CTagID_TBL[parent.path] && CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      return CTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+    else
+      super(parent, name, *args)
     end
-    obj
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, name, mode=nil, *args)
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
     #unless parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
     #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkCanvas for 1st argument"
     #end
     @c = parent
     @cpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = name
-
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
     if mode
       tk_call_without_enc(@c.path, "addtag", @id, mode, *args)
     end
@@ -348,11 +312,7 @@ class TkcTagString<TkcTag
 end
 TkcNamedTag = TkcTagString
 
-class TkcTagAll<TkcTagString
-  def self.new(parent)
-    super(parent, 'all')
-  end
-=begin
+class TkcTagAll<TkcTag
   def initialize(parent)
     #unless parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
     #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkCanvas for 1st argument"
@@ -360,19 +320,12 @@ class TkcTagAll<TkcTagString
     @c = parent
     @cpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = 'all'
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
   end
-=end
 end
 
-class TkcTagCurrent<TkcTagString
-  def self.new(parent)
-    super(parent, 'current')
-  end
-=begin
+class TkcTagCurrent<TkcTag
   def initialize(parent)
     #unless parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
     #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkCanvas for 1st argument"
@@ -380,21 +333,13 @@ class TkcTagCurrent<TkcTagString
     @c = parent
     @cpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = 'current'
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
   end
-=end
 end
 
 class TkcGroup<TkcTag
-  (Tk_cGroup_ID = ['tkcg'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
+  Tk_cGroup_ID = ['tkcg'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
   #def create_self(parent, *args)
   def initialize(parent, *args)
     #unless parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
@@ -402,15 +347,11 @@ class TkcGroup<TkcTag
     #end
     @c = parent
     @cpath = parent.path
-    Tk_cGroup_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @path = @id = Tk_cGroup_ID.join('')
-      @path = @id = Tk_cGroup_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_cGroup_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    CTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
-      CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    # @path = @id = Tk_cGroup_ID.join('')
+    @path = @id = Tk_cGroup_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath] = {} unless CTagID_TBL[@cpath]
+    CTagID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
+    Tk_cGroup_ID[1].succ!
     include(*args) if args != []
   end
   #private :create_self
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/checkbutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/checkbutton.rb
index b1186a87ed..d76d99c0f2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/checkbutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/checkbutton.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/radiobutton'
 
-class Tk::CheckButton<Tk::RadioButton
+class TkCheckButton<TkRadioButton
   TkCommandNames = ['checkbutton'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Checkbutton'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -22,9 +22,4 @@ class Tk::CheckButton<Tk::RadioButton
     self
   end
 end
-
-Tk::Checkbutton = Tk::CheckButton
-#TkCheckButton = Tk::CheckButton unless Object.const_defined? :TkCheckButton
-#TkCheckbutton = Tk::Checkbutton unless Object.const_defined? :TkCheckbutton
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::CheckButton, 
-                            :TkCheckButton, :TkCheckbutton)
+TkCheckbutton = TkCheckButton
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
index 883d43c3ea..eaed8ed363 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ module TkComposite
 
     if klass
       # WidgetClassName is a known class
-      #if klass <= TkFrame || klass < TkComposite
-      if klass <= TkFrame || klass < Tk::Frame || klass < TkComposite
+      if klass <= TkFrame || klass < TkComposite
         # klass is valid for the base frame
         if self.class <= klass
           # use my classname
@@ -51,8 +50,7 @@ module TkComposite
 
       else
         # klass is invalid for the base frame
-        #if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
-        if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < Tk::Frame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
+        if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
           # my class name is valid for the base frame -> use my classname
           base_class_name = self.class.name
           if base_class_name == ''
@@ -71,8 +69,7 @@ module TkComposite
 
     else
       # no valid WidgetClassName
-      #if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
-      if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < Tk::Frame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
+      if self.class < TkFrame || self.class.superclass < TkComposite
         # my class name is valid for the base frame -> use my classname
         base_class_name = self.class.name
         if base_class_name == ''
@@ -111,12 +108,8 @@ module TkComposite
     end
 
     if base_class_name
-      # @frame = Tk::Frame.new(parent, :class=>base_class_name)
-      # --> use current TkFrame class
       @frame = TkFrame.new(parent, :class=>base_class_name)
     else
-      # @frame = Tk::Frame.new(parent)
-      # --> use current TkFrame class
       @frame = TkFrame.new(parent)
     end
     @path = @epath = @frame.path
@@ -140,11 +133,6 @@ module TkComposite
   def initialize_composite(*args) end
   private :initialize_composite
 
-  def inspect
-    str = super
-    str.chop << ' @epath=' << @epath.inspect << '>'
-  end
-
   def option_methods(*opts)
     opts.each{|m_set, m_cget, m_info|
       m_set  = m_set.to_s
@@ -181,57 +169,6 @@ module TkComposite
     delegate_alias(option, option, *wins)
   end
 
-  def __cget_delegates(slot)
-    slot = slot.to_s
-
-    if @option_methods.include?(slot)
-      if @option_methods[slot][:cget]
-        return self.__send__(@option_methods[slot][:cget])
-      else
-        if @option_setting[slot]
-          return @option_setting[slot]
-        else
-          return ''
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-    tbl = @delegates[slot]
-    tbl = @delegates['DEFAULT'] unless tbl
-
-    begin
-      if tbl
-        opt, wins = tbl[-1]
-        opt = slot if opt == 'DEFAULT'
-        if wins && wins[-1]
-          # return wins[-1].cget(opt)
-          return wins[-1].cget_strict(opt)
-        end
-      end
-    rescue
-    end
-
-    return None
-  end
-  private :__cget_delegates
-
-  def cget(slot)
-    if (ret = __cget_delegates(slot)) == None
-      super(slot)
-    else
-      ret
-    end
-  end
-
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    if (ret = __cget_delegates(slot)) == None
-      super(slot)
-    else
-      ret
-    end
-  end
-
-=begin
   def cget(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
 
@@ -263,7 +200,6 @@ module TkComposite
 
     super(slot)
   end
-=end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/encodedstr.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/encodedstr.rb
index 02de0b0d85..797e514a4c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/encodedstr.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/encodedstr.rb
@@ -70,89 +70,13 @@ module Tk
       # @encoding = ( enc || 
       #              ((self.class::Encoding)? 
       #                  self.class::Encoding : Tk.encoding_system) )
-      enc ||= (self.class::Encoding)?
+      @encoding = ( enc || 
+                   ((self.class::Encoding)?
                          self.class::Encoding : 
-                         ((Tk.encoding)? Tk.encoding : Tk.encoding_system)
-      if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-        unless encobj = Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_obj(enc)
-          fail ArgumentError, "unsupported Tk encoding '#{enc}'"
-        end
-        self.force_encoding(encobj)
-      else
-        @encoding = enc
-      end
-    end
-
-    if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-      alias encoding_obj encoding
-      alias __encoding   encoding
-      def encoding
-        Tk::Encoding::ENCODING_TABLE.get_name(super())
-      end
-    else
-      def encoding
-        @encoding
-      end
-      alias encoding_obj encoding
+                         ((Tk.encoding)? Tk.encoding : Tk.encoding_system) ) )
     end
 
-    if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-      # wrapper methods for compatibility
-      alias __instance_variable_get instance_variable_get
-      alias __instance_variable_set instance_variable_set
-      alias __instance_eval         instance_eval
-      alias __instance_variables    instance_variables
-
-      def instance_variable_get(key)
-        if (key.to_s == '@encoding')
-          self.encoding
-        else
-          super(key)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def instance_variable_set(key, value)
-        if (key.to_s == '@encoding')
-          if value
-            self.force_encoding(value)
-          else
-            self.force_encoding(Tk::Encoding::UNKNOWN)
-          end
-          value
-        else
-          super(key, value)
-        end
-      end
-
-      def instance_eval(*args, &b)
-        old_enc = @encoding = self.encoding
-
-        ret = super(*args, &b)
-
-        if @encoding
-          if @encoding != old_enc
-            # modified by user
-            self.force_encoding(@encoding)
-          end
-          remove_instance_variable(:@encoding)
-        else
-          begin
-            remove_instance_variable(:@encoding)
-            # user sets to nil -> use current default
-            self.force_encoding(Tk.encoding)
-          rescue NameError
-            # removed by user -> ignore, because user don't use @encoding
-          end
-        end
-        ret
-      end
-    end
-
-    def instance_variables
-      ret = super()
-      ret << :@encoding  # fake !!
-      ret
-    end
+    attr_reader :encoding
   end
   # def Tk.EncodedString(str, enc = nil)
   #   Tk::EncodedString.new(str, enc)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/entry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/entry.rb
index 8ce8def1e7..4ac3f28229 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/entry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/entry.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 #               tk/entry.rb - Tk entry classes
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
 
 require 'tk'
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ require 'tk/label'
 require 'tk/scrollable'
 require 'tk/validation'
 
-class Tk::Entry<Tk::Label
+class TkEntry<TkLabel
   include X_Scrollable
   include TkValidation
 
@@ -114,6 +115,3 @@ class Tk::Entry<Tk::Label
     val
   end
 end
-
-#TkEntry = Tk::Entry unless Object.const_defined? :TkEntry
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Entry, :TkEntry)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
index d8aad6248b..70a1e38bbe 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
@@ -39,9 +39,7 @@ module TkEvent
       RESIZEREQ   =           0x200000
       CIRCREQ     =           0x400000
 
-      MWHEEL      =           KEY
-
-      STRING_DATA =           0x80000000  # special flag for 'data' field
+      MWHEEL      =           0x10000000
 
       ALL         =           0xFFFFFFFF
 
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ module TkEvent
       'borderwidth' => (Grp::CREATE|Grp::CONFIG),
       'button'      => Grp::BUTTON, 
       'count'       => Grp::EXPOSE, 
-      'data'        => (Grp::VIRTUAL|Grp::STRING_DATA), 
+      'data'        => Grp::VIRTUAL, 
       'delta'       => Grp::MWHEEL, 
       'detail'      => (Grp::FOCUS|Grp::CROSSING),
       'focus'       => Grp::CROSSING,
@@ -225,8 +223,7 @@ module TkEvent
         rescue
           next
         end
-        # next if !val || val == '??'
-        next if !val || (val == '??' && (flag & Grp::STRING_DATA))
+        next if !val || val == '??'
         fields[key] = val
       }
 
@@ -301,65 +298,34 @@ module TkEvent
       [ ?b, ?n, :num ], 
       [ ?c, ?n, :count ], 
       [ ?d, ?s, :detail ], 
-      # ?e
       [ ?f, ?b, :focus ], 
-      # ?g
       [ ?h, ?n, :height ], 
       [ ?i, ?s, :win_hex ], 
-      # ?j
       [ ?k, ?n, :keycode ], 
-      # ?l
       [ ?m, ?s, :mode ], 
-      # ?n
       [ ?o, ?b, :override ], 
       [ ?p, ?s, :place ], 
-      # ?q
-      # ?r
       [ ?s, ?x, :state ], 
       [ ?t, ?n, :time ], 
-      # ?u
-      [ ?v, ?n, :value_mask ], 
       [ ?w, ?n, :width ], 
       [ ?x, ?n, :x ], 
       [ ?y, ?n, :y ], 
-      # ?z
       [ ?A, ?s, :char ], 
       [ ?B, ?n, :borderwidth ], 
-      # ?C
       [ ?D, ?n, :wheel_delta ], 
       [ ?E, ?b, :send_event ], 
-      # ?F
-      # ?G
-      # ?H
-      # ?I
-      # ?J
       [ ?K, ?s, :keysym ], 
-      # ?L
-      # ?M
       [ ?N, ?n, :keysym_num ], 
-      # ?O
       [ ?P, ?s, :property ], 
-      # ?Q
       [ ?R, ?s, :rootwin_id ], 
       [ ?S, ?s, :subwindow ], 
       [ ?T, ?n, :type ], 
-      # ?U
-      # ?V
       [ ?W, ?w, :widget ], 
       [ ?X, ?n, :x_root ], 
       [ ?Y, ?n, :y_root ], 
-      # ?Z
       nil
     ]
 
-    # [ <'%' subst-key str>, <proc type char>, <instance var (accessor) name>]
-    #   the subst-key string will be converted to a bytecode (128+idx).
-    LONGKEY_TBL = [
-      # for example, for %CTT and %CST subst-key on tkdnd-2.0
-      # ['CTT', ?l, :drop_target_type], 
-      # ['CST', ?l, :drop_source_type], 
-    ]
-
     # [ <proc type char>, <proc/method to convert tcl-str to ruby-obj>]
     PROC_TBL = [
       [ ?n, TkComm.method(:num_or_str) ], 
@@ -379,24 +345,6 @@ module TkEvent
       nil
     ]
 
-=begin
-    # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-    KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-      end
-      inf
-    }
-
-    PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-      end
-      inf
-    }
-=end
-
     # setup tables to be used by scan_args, _get_subst_key, _get_all_subst_keys
     #
     #     _get_subst_key() and _get_all_subst_keys() generates key-string 
@@ -409,8 +357,7 @@ module TkEvent
     #     ( which are Tcl strings ) to ruby objects based on the key string 
     #     that is generated by _get_subst_key() or _get_all_subst_keys(). 
     #
-    _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
-    # _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, LONGKEY_TBL, PROC_TBL) # if use longname-keys
+    _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
     #
     # NOTE: The order of parameters which passed to callback procedure is 
@@ -458,7 +405,6 @@ module TkEvent
     extra_args_tbl = klass._get_extra_args_tbl
 
     if args.compact.size > 0
-      args.map!{|arg| klass._sym2subst(arg)}
       args = args.join(' ')
       keys = klass._get_subst_key(args)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
index 62d628c132..ab58ac5762 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
@@ -11,18 +11,13 @@ class TkFont
 
   TkCommandNames = ['font'.freeze].freeze
 
-  (Tk_FontID = ["@font".freeze, "00000".taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
+  Tk_FontID = ["@font".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
   Tk_FontNameTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
   Tk_FontUseTBL  = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
   TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ 
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{ Tk_FontNameTBL.clear }
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{ Tk_FontUseTBL.clear }
+    Tk_FontNameTBL.clear
+    Tk_FontUseTBL.clear
   }
 
   # option_type : default => string
@@ -36,26 +31,13 @@ class TkFont
   MetricType = Hash.new(?n)
   MetricType['fixed'] = ?b
 
-  # system font names
-  SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES = []
-  def SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add(font_names)
-    (@mutex ||= Mutex.new).synchronize{
-      self.replace(self | font_names.map{|name| name.to_s})
-    }
-  end
-  def SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.include?(name)
-    (@mutex ||= Mutex.new).synchronize{
-      super(name.to_s)
-    }
-  end
-
   # set default font
   case Tk::TK_VERSION
-  when /^4\..*/
+  when /^4\.*/
     DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'a14'.freeze
     DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'k14'.freeze
 
-  when /^8\.[0-4]/
+  when /^8\.*/
     if JAPANIZED_TK
       begin
         fontnames = tk_call('font', 'names')
@@ -121,15 +103,6 @@ class TkFont
     DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = ltn.freeze
     DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = knj.freeze
 
-  when /^8\.[5-9]/, /^9\..*/
-    if tk_call('font', 'names') =~ /\bTkDefaultFont\b/
-      DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'TkDefaultFont'.freeze
-      DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'TkDefaultFont'.freeze
-    else
-      DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'Helvetica'.freeze
-      DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'mincho'.freeze
-    end
-
   else # unknown version
     DEFAULT_LATIN_FONT_NAME = 'Helvetica'.freeze
     DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME = 'mincho'.freeze
@@ -148,7 +121,6 @@ class TkFont
       unless compound.kind_of?(TkFont)
         fail ArgumentError, "a TkFont object is expected for the 1st argument"
       end
-
       @compound = compound
       case type
       when 'kanji', 'latin', 'ascii'
@@ -173,9 +145,6 @@ class TkFont
     def font
       @compound.__send__(@type + '_font_id')
     end
-    alias font_id font
-    alias name font
-    alias to_s font
 
     def [](slot)
       @compound.__send__(@type + '_configinfo', slot)
@@ -194,14 +163,6 @@ class TkFont
   ###################################
   # class methods
   ###################################
-  def TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-    # true  --> system font which is available on the current system
-    # false --> not system font (or unknown system font)
-    # nil   --> system font name, but not available on the current system
-    fnt = fnt.to_s
-    SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.include?(fnt) && self.names.index(fnt) && true
-  end
-
   def TkFont.actual(fnt, option=nil)
     fnt = '{}' if fnt == ''
     if fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
@@ -210,9 +171,6 @@ class TkFont
       actual_core(fnt, nil, option)
     end
   end
-  def TkFont.actual_hash(fnt, option=nil)
-    Hash[TkFont.actual_hash(fnt, option)]
-  end
 
   def TkFont.actual_displayof(fnt, win, option=nil)
     fnt = '{}' if fnt == ''
@@ -223,9 +181,6 @@ class TkFont
       actual_core(fnt, win, option)
     end
   end
-  def TkFont.actual_hash_displayof(fnt, option=nil)
-    Hash[TkFont.actual_hash_displayof(fnt, option)]
-  end
 
   def TkFont.configure(fnt, slot, value=None)
     if fnt.kind_of?(TkFont)
@@ -279,33 +234,6 @@ class TkFont
       metrics_core(fnt, nil, option)
     end
   end
-  def TkFont.metrics_hash(fnt, option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = TkFont.metrics(fnt, option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[TkFont.metrics(fnt)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def TkFont.metrics_displayof(fnt, win, option=nil)
     fnt = '{}' if fnt == ''
@@ -316,40 +244,13 @@ class TkFont
       metrics_core(fnt, win, option)
     end
   end
-  def TkFont.metrics_hash_displayof(fnt, win, option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = TkFont.metrics_displayof(fnt, win, option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[TkFont.metrics_displayof(fnt, win, option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def TkFont.families(win=nil)
     case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\..*/
+    when /^4\.*/
       ['fixed']
 
-    when /^8\..*/
+    when /^8\.*/
       if win
         tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'families', '-displayof', win))
       else
@@ -360,16 +261,13 @@ class TkFont
 
   def TkFont.names
     case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\..*/
+    when /^4\.*/
       r = ['fixed']
       r += ['a14', 'k14'] if JAPANIZED_TK
-      Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk_FontNameTBL.each_value{|obj| r.push(obj)}
-      }
-      #r | []
-      r.uniq
+      Tk_FontNameTBL.each_value{|obj| r.push(obj)}
+      r | []
 
-    when /^8\..*/
+    when /^8\.*/
       tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'names'))
 
     end
@@ -387,15 +285,10 @@ class TkFont
   end
 
   def TkFont.get_obj(name)
-    name = name.to_s
     if name =~ /^(@font[0-9]+)(|c|l|k)$/
-      Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk_FontNameTBL[$1]
-      }
+      Tk_FontNameTBL[$1]
     else
-      Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk_FontNameTBL[name]
-      }
+      nil
     end
   end
 
@@ -405,7 +298,7 @@ class TkFont
     path = [win, tag, key].join(';')
 
     case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\..*/
+    when /^4\.*/
       regexp = /^-(|kanji)#{key} /
 
       conf_list = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*args)).
@@ -431,7 +324,7 @@ class TkFont
 
       TkFont.new(ltn, knj).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
 
-    when /^8\.[0-4]/
+    when /^8\.*/
       regexp = /^-#{key} /
 
       conf_list = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*args)).
@@ -467,66 +360,26 @@ class TkFont
           compound = []
         end
         if compound == []
-          if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-            TkNamedFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
-          else
-            TkFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
-          end
+          TkFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
         else
           TkFont.new(compound[0], 
                      compound[1]).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
         end
       end
-
-    when /^8\.[5-9]/, /^9\..*/
-      regexp = /^-#{key} /
-
-      conf_list = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call(*args)).
-        find_all{|prop| prop =~ regexp}.
-        collect{|prop| tk_split_simplelist(prop)}
-
-      if conf_list.size == 0
-        raise RuntimeError, "the widget may not support 'font' option"
-      end
-
-      args << {}
-
-      optkey = "-#{key}"
-
-      info = conf_list.find{|conf| conf[0] == optkey}
-      fnt = info[-1]
-      fnt = nil if fnt == [] || fnt == ""
-
-      unless fnt
-        # create dummy
-        # TkFont.new(nil, nil).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
-        dummy_fnt = TkFont.allocate
-        dummy_fnt.instance_eval{ init_dummy_fontobj() }
-        dummy_fnt
-      else
-        if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-          TkNamedFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
-        else
-          TkFont.new(fnt).call_font_configure([path, key], *args)
-        end
-      end
     end
   end
 
   def TkFont.used_on(path=nil)
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if path
-        Tk_FontUseTBL[path]
-      else
-        # Tk_FontUseTBL.values | []
-        Tk_FontUseTBL.values.uniq
-      end
-    }
+    if path
+      Tk_FontUseTBL[path]
+    else
+      Tk_FontUseTBL.values | []
+    end
   end
 
   def TkFont.failsafe(font)
     begin
-      if /^8\..*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
+      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
         tk_call('font', 'failsafe', font)
       end
     rescue
@@ -539,20 +392,15 @@ class TkFont
   private
   ###################################
   def init_dummy_fontobj
-    Tk_FontID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @id = Tk_FontID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_FontID[1].succ!
-    }
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
-    }
+    @id = Tk_FontID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    Tk_FontID[1].succ!
+    Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
 
-    # @latin_desscendant = nil
-    # @kanji_desscendant = nil
-    @descendant = [nil, nil] # [latin, kanji]
+    @latin_desscendant = nil
+    @kanji_desscendant = nil
 
     case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-    when /^4\..*/
+    when /^4\.*/
       @latinfont = ""
       @kanjifont = ""
       if JAPANIZED_TK
@@ -588,23 +436,13 @@ class TkFont
     ltn = '{}' if ltn == ''
     knj = '{}' if knj == ''
 
-    Tk_FontID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @id = Tk_FontID.join('')
-      @id = Tk_FontID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_FontID[1].succ!
-    }
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
-    }
-
-    # @latin_desscendant = nil
-    # @kanji_desscendant = nil
-    @descendant = [nil, nil] # [latin, kanji]
+    # @id = Tk_FontID.join('')
+    @id = Tk_FontID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    Tk_FontID[1].succ!
+    Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
 
-    # @latinfont = @id + 'l'
-    # @kanjifont = @id + 'k'
-    # @compoundfont = @id + 'c'
-    # @fontslot = {}
+    @latin_desscendant = nil
+    @kanji_desscendant = nil
 
     if knj.kind_of?(Hash) && !keys
       keys = knj
@@ -636,7 +474,7 @@ class TkFont
 
     if ltn
       if JAPANIZED_TK && !knj
-        if Tk::TK_VERSION =~ /^4..*/
+        if Tk::TK_VERSION =~ /^4.*/
           knj = DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME
         else
           knj = ltn 
@@ -787,14 +625,9 @@ class TkFont
     if JAPANIZED_TK
       @compoundfont = [[@latinfont], [@kanjifont]]
       @fontslot = {'font'=>@latinfont, 'kanjifont'=>@kanjifont}
-      # @fontslot.clear
-      # @fontslot['font'] = @latinfont
-      # @fontslot['kanjifont'] = @kanjifont
     else
       @compoundfont = @latinfont
       @fontslot = {'font'=>@latinfont}
-      # @fontslot.clear
-      # @fontslot['font'] = @latinfont
     end
   end
 
@@ -920,7 +753,6 @@ class TkFont
       end
 
       @fontslot = {'font'=>@compoundfont}
-      # @fontslot['font'] = @compoundfont
       begin
         tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, 
                 '-compound', [@latinfont, @kanjifont], *hash_kv(keys))
@@ -1001,7 +833,6 @@ class TkFont
       end
 
       @fontslot = {'font'=>@compoundfont}
-      # @fontslot['font'] = @compoundfont
       tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(keys))
     end
   end
@@ -1056,39 +887,25 @@ class TkFont
 
     keys = _symbolkey2str(args.pop).update(fontslot)
     args.concat(hash_kv(keys))
-    begin
-      tk_call(*args)
-    rescue => e
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        fail e
-      end
-    end
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_FontUseTBL[[win, tag, optkey].join(';')] = self
-    }
+    tk_call(*args)
+    Tk_FontUseTBL[[win, tag, optkey].join(';')] = self
     self
   end
 
   def used
     ret = []
-    table = nil
-    Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      table = Tk_FontUseTBL.clone # to avoid deadlock
-    }
-    table.each{|key,value|
+    Tk_FontUseTBL.each{|key,value|
       next unless self == value
       if key.include?(';')
         win, tag, optkey = key.split(';')
         winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
-        #if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-        if winobj.kind_of?(TkText) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
+        if winobj.kind_of? TkText
           if optkey
             ret.push([winobj, winobj.tagid2obj(tag), optkey])
           else
             ret.push([winobj, winobj.tagid2obj(tag)])
           end
-        #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-        elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkCanvas) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
           if (tagobj = TkcTag.id2obj(winobj, tag)).kind_of? TkcTag
             if optkey
               ret.push([winobj, tagobj, optkey])
@@ -1108,8 +925,7 @@ class TkFont
               ret.push([winobj, tag])
             end
           end
-        #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-        elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkMenu) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Menu)
+        elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
           if optkey
             ret.push([winobj, tag, optkey])
           else
@@ -1141,8 +957,6 @@ class TkFont
     @compoundfont
   end
   alias font_id font
-  alias name font
-  alias to_s font
 
   def latin_font_id
     @latinfont
@@ -1150,18 +964,11 @@ class TkFont
 
   def latin_font
     # @latinfont
-    if @descendant[0] # [0] -> latin
-      @descendant[0]
-    else
-      @descendant[0] = DescendantFont.new(self, 'latin')
-    end
-=begin
     if @latin_descendant
       @latin_descendant
     else
       @latin_descendant = DescendantFont.new(self, 'latin')
     end
-=end
   end
   alias latinfont latin_font
 
@@ -1171,87 +978,50 @@ class TkFont
 
   def kanji_font
     # @kanjifont
-    if @descendant[1] # [1] -> kanji
-      @descendant[1]
-    else
-      @descendant[1] = DescendantFont.new(self, 'kanji')
-    end
-=begin
     if @kanji_descendant
       @kanji_descendant
     else
       @kanji_descendant = DescendantFont.new(self, 'kanji')
     end
-=end
   end
   alias kanjifont kanji_font
 
   def actual(option=nil)
     actual_core(@compoundfont, nil, option)
   end
-  def actual_hash(option=nil)
-    Hash[actual(option)]
-  end
 
   def actual_displayof(win, option=nil)
     win = '.' unless win
     actual_core(@compoundfont, win, option)
   end
-  def actual_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    Hash[actual_displayof(win, option)]
-  end
 
   def latin_actual(option=nil)
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      actual_core(@compoundfont, nil, option) # use @compoundfont
-    else
-      actual_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
-    end
-  end
-  def latin_actual_hash(option=nil)
-    Hash[latin_actual(option)]
+    actual_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
   end
 
   def latin_actual_displayof(win, option=nil)
     win = '.' unless win
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      actual_core(@compoundfont, win, option) # use @compoundfont
-    else
-      actual_core(@latinfont, win, option)
-    end
-  end
-  def latin_actual_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    Hash[latin_actual_displayof(win, option)]
+    actual_core(@latinfont, win, option)
   end
 
   def kanji_actual(option=nil)
     #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont == nil
-      actual_core(@compoundfont, nil, option) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif @kanjifont != ""
+    if @kanjifont != ""
       actual_core(@kanjifont, nil, option)
     else
       actual_core_tk4x(nil, nil, option)
     end
   end
-  def kanji_actual_hash(option=nil)
-    Hash[kanji_actual(option)]
-  end
 
   def kanji_actual_displayof(win, option=nil)
     #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont == nil
-      actual_core(@compoundfont, nil, option) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif @kanjifont != ""
+    if @kanjifont != ""
       win = '.' unless win
       actual_core(@kanjifont, win, option)
     else
       actual_core_tk4x(nil, win, option)
     end
   end
-  def kanji_actual_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    Hash[kanji_actual_displayof(win, option)]
-  end
 
   def [](slot)
     configinfo slot
@@ -1295,15 +1065,10 @@ class TkFont
       configinfo(slot)
     end
   end
-  def latin_current_configinfo(slot=nil)
-    Hash[latin_configinfo(slot)]
-  end
 
   def kanji_configure(slot, value=None)
     #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont == nil
-      configure_core(@compoundfont, slot, value) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif @kanjifont != ""
+    if @kanjifont != ""
       configure_core(@kanjifont, slot, value)
       configure('size'=>configinfo('size')) # to reflect new configuration
     else
@@ -1315,18 +1080,13 @@ class TkFont
 
   def kanji_configinfo(slot=nil)
     #if JAPANIZED_TK
-    if @kanjifont == nil
-      configure_core(@compoundfont, slot) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif @kanjifont != ""
+    if @kanjifont != ""
       configinfo_core(@kanjifont, slot)
     else
       #[]
       configinfo(slot)
     end
   end
-  def kanji_current_configinfo(slot=nil)
-    Hash[kanji_configinfo(slot)]
-  end
 
   def replace(ltn, knj=None)
     knj = ltn if knj == None
@@ -1336,30 +1096,12 @@ class TkFont
   end
 
   def latin_replace(ltn)
-    if @latinfont
-      latin_replace_core(ltn)
-      reset_pointadjust
-    else
-      # not compound font -> copy properties of ltn
-      latinkeys = {}
-      begin
-        actual_core(ltn).each{|key,val| latinkeys[key] = val}
-      rescue
-        latinkeys = {}
-      end
-      begin
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-      rescue
-        # not exist? (deleted?) -> create font
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-      end
-    end
-
+    latin_replace_core(ltn)
+    reset_pointadjust
     self
   end
 
   def kanji_replace(knj)
-    return self unless @kanjifont  # ignore
     kanji_replace_core(knj)
     reset_pointadjust
     self
@@ -1377,215 +1119,41 @@ class TkFont
   def metrics(option=nil)
     metrics_core(@compoundfont, nil, option)
   end
-  def metrics_hash(option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = metrics(option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[metrics(option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def metrics_displayof(win, option=nil)
     win = '.' unless win
     metrics_core(@compoundfont, win, option)
   end
-  def metrics_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = metrics_displayof(win, option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[metrics_displayof(win, option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def latin_metrics(option=nil)
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      metrics_core(@compoundfont, nil, option) # use @compoundfont
-    else
-      metrics_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
-    end
-  end
-  def latin_metrics_hash(option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = latin_metrics(option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[latin_metrics(option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
+    metrics_core(@latinfont, nil, option)
   end
 
   def latin_metrics_displayof(win, option=nil)
     win = '.' unless win
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      metrics_core(@compoundfont, win, option) # use @compoundfont
-    else
-      metrics_core(@latinfont, win, option)
-    end
-  end
-  def latin_metrics_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = latin_metrics_displayof(win, option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[latin_metrics_displayof(win, option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
+    metrics_core(@latinfont, win, option)
   end
 
   def kanji_metrics(option=nil)
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      metrics_core(@compoundfont, nil, option) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif JAPANIZED_TK
+    if JAPANIZED_TK
       metrics_core(@kanjifont, nil, option)
     else
       metrics_core_tk4x(nil, nil, option)
     end
   end
-  def kanji_metrics_hash(option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = kanji_metrics(option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[kanji_metrics(option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def kanji_metrics_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    win = '.' unless win
-    if @latinfont == nil
-      metrics_core(@compoundfont, win, option) # use @compoundfont
-    elsif JAPANIZED_TK
+    if JAPANIZED_TK
+      win = '.' unless win
       metrics_core(@kanjifont, win, option)
     else
       metrics_core_tk4x(nil, win, option)
     end
   end
-  def kanji_metrics_hash_displayof(win, option=nil)
-    if option
-      val = kanji_metrics_displayof(win, option)
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[option.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        val = TkComm::num_or_str(val)
-      when ?b
-        val = TkComm::bool(val)
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-      return val
-    end
-
-    h = Hash[kanji_metrics_displayof(win, option)]
-    h.keys.each{|k| 
-      case TkFont::MetricsType[k.to_s]
-      when ?n
-        h[k] = TkComm::num_or_str(h[k])
-      when ?b
-        h[k] = TkComm::bool(h[k])
-      else
-        # do nothing
-      end
-    }
-    h
-  end
 
   def reset_pointadjust
     begin
-      if /^8\..*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
+      if /^8\.*/ === Tk::TK_VERSION  && JAPANIZED_TK
         configure('pointadjust' => latin_actual.assoc('size')[1].to_f / 
                                       kanji_actual.assoc('size')[1].to_f )
       end
@@ -1598,7 +1166,7 @@ class TkFont
   # private alias
   ###################################
   case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-  when /^4\..*/
+  when /^4\.*/
     alias create_latinfont        create_latinfont_tk4x
     alias create_kanjifont        create_kanjifont_tk4x
     alias create_compoundfont     create_compoundfont_tk4x
@@ -1903,44 +1471,32 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
   end
 
   def delete_core_tk4x
-    TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
-    }
-    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
-    }
+    TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
+    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
   end
 
   def delete_core_tk8x
     begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont) if @latinfont
+      tk_call('font', 'delete', @latinfont)
     rescue
     end
     begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont) if @kanjifont
+      tk_call('font', 'delete', @kanjifont)
     rescue
     end
     begin
-      tk_call('font', 'delete', @compoundfont) if @compoundfont
+      tk_call('font', 'delete', @compoundfont)
     rescue
     end
-    TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
-    }
-    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
-    }
+    TkFont::Tk_FontNameTBL.delete(@id)
+    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete_if{|key,value| value == self}
   end
 
   def latin_replace_core_tk4x(ltn)
     create_latinfont_tk4x(ltn)
     @compoundfont[0] = [@latinfont] if JAPANIZED_TK
     @fontslot['font'] = @latinfont
-    table = nil
-    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      table = TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.clone
-    }
-    table.each{|w, fobj|
+    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.dup.each{|w, fobj|
       if self == fobj
         begin
           if w.include?(';')
@@ -1948,14 +1504,11 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
             optkey = 'font' if optkey == nil || optkey == ''
             winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
 #           winobj.tagfont_configure(tag, {'font'=>@latinfont})
-            #if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-            if winobj.kind_of?(TkText) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
+            if winobj.kind_of? TkText
               tk_call(win, 'tag', 'configure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @latinfont)
-            #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-            elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkCanvas) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+            elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
               tk_call(win, 'itemconfigure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @latinfont)
-            #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-            elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkMenu) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Menu)
+            elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
               tk_call(win, 'entryconfigure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @latinfont)
             else
               raise RuntimeError, "unknown widget type"
@@ -1965,9 +1518,7 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
             tk_call(w, 'configure', '-font', @latinfont)
           end
         rescue
-          TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
-          }
+          TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
         end
       end
     }
@@ -1980,11 +1531,7 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
     create_kanjifont_tk4x(knj)
     @compoundfont[1] = [@kanjifont]
     @fontslot['kanjifont'] = @kanjifont
-    table = nil
-    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      table = TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.clone
-    }
-    table.dup.each{|w, fobj|
+    TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.dup.each{|w, fobj|
       if self == fobj
         begin
           if w.include?(';')
@@ -1992,14 +1539,11 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
             optkey = 'kanjifont' unless optkey
             winobj = tk_tcl2ruby(win)
 #           winobj.tagfont_configure(tag, {'kanjifont'=>@kanjifont})
-            #if winobj.kind_of? TkText
-            if winobj.kind_of?(TkText) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
+            if winobj.kind_of? TkText
               tk_call(win, 'tag', 'configure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @kanjifont)
-            #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
-            elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkCanvas) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+            elsif winobj.kind_of? TkCanvas
               tk_call(win, 'itemconfigure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @kanjifont)
-            #elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
-            elsif winobj.kind_of?(TkMenu) || winobj.kind_of?(Tk::Menu)
+            elsif winobj.kind_of? TkMenu
               tk_call(win, 'entryconfigure', tag, "-#{optkey}", @latinfont)
             else
               raise RuntimeError, "unknown widget type"
@@ -2009,9 +1553,7 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
             tk_call(w, 'configure', '-kanjifont', @kanjifont)
           end
         rescue
-          Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
-          }
+          TkFont::Tk_FontUseTBL.delete(w)
         end
       end
     }
@@ -2076,11 +1618,8 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
       rescue
         latinkeys = {}
       end
-      begin
+      if latinkeys != {}
         tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
-      rescue
-        # not exist? (deleted?) -> create font
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, *hash_kv(latinkeys))
       end
     end    
     self
@@ -2172,13 +1711,6 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
       r = []
       while key=l.shift
         r.push [key[1..-1], l.shift.to_i]
-=begin
-        if key == '-fixed'  # boolean value
-          r.push [key[1..-1], bool(l.shift)]
-        else
-          r.push [key[1..-1], l.shift.to_i]
-        end
-=end
       end
       r
     end
@@ -2188,7 +1720,7 @@ module TkFont::CoreMethods
   # private alias
   ###################################
   case (Tk::TK_VERSION)
-  when /^4\..*/
+  when /^4\.*/
     alias actual_core             actual_core_tk4x
     alias configure_core          configure_core_tk4x
     alias configinfo_core         configinfo_core_tk4x
@@ -2228,117 +1760,3 @@ class TkFont
   include TkFont::CoreMethods
   extend  TkFont::CoreMethods
 end
-
-class TkNamedFont < TkFont
-  # for built-in named fonts
-  def TkNamedFont.find(name)
-    name = name.to_s
-    unless (obj = Tk_FontNameTBL[name])
-      obj = self.new(name) if TkFont.is_system_font?(name)
-    end
-    obj
-  end
-
-  def TkNamedFont.new(name, keys=nil)
-    name = name.to_s
-    obj = nil
-    Tk_FontNameTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      unless (obj = Tk_FontNameTBL[name])
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @id = @compoundfont = name.to_s
-          @latinfont = nil
-          @kanjifont = nil
-          @descendant = [self, self] # [latin, kanji] : dummy
-          Tk_FontNameTBL[@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    obj.instance_eval{ initialize(name, keys) }
-    obj
-  end
-
-  ###########################
-  private
-  ###########################
-  def initialize(name, keys=nil)
-    @id = @compoundfont = name.to_s
-
-    # if not exist named font, create it.
-    begin
-      if keys
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont, keys)
-      else
-        tk_call('font', 'configure', @compoundfont)
-      end
-    rescue
-      # the named font doesn't exist -> create
-      if keys
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont, keys)
-      else
-        tk_call('font', 'create', @compoundfont)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  def create_latinfont(fnt)
-    # ignore
-  end
-  def create_kanjifont(fnt)
-    # ignore
-  end
-  def create_compoundfont(ltn, knj, keys)
-    # ignore
-  end
-
-  ###########################
-  public
-  ###########################
-  def latin_font_id
-    @compoundfont
-  end
-  def kanji_font_id
-    @compoundfont
-  end
-end
-
-#######################################
-# define system font names
-#######################################
-if Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || 
-    (Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 5)
-  # add standard fonts of Tcl/Tk 8.5+
-  TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add [
-    'TkDefaultFont', 'TkTextFont', 'TkFixedFont', 'TkMenuFont', 
-    'TkHeadingFont', 'TkCaptionFont', 'TkSmallCaptionFont', 
-    'TkIconFont', 'TkTooltipFont'
-  ]
-end
-
-# platform-specific fonts
-#  -- windows
-TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add [
-  'ansifixed', 'ansi', 'device', 'oemfixed', 'systemfixed', 'system'
-]
-
-#  --  macintosh, macosx
-TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add ['system', 'application']
-
-if Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || 
-    (Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 5)
-  TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add ['menu']
-end
-
-#  --  macosx (Aqua theme)
-if Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || 
-    (Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 5)
-  TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add [
-    'systemSystemFont', 'systemEmphasizedSystemFont', 
-    'systemSmallSystemFont', 'systemSmallEmphasizedSystemFont', 
-    'systemApplicationFont', 'systemLabelFont', 'systemViewsFont', 
-    'systemMenuTitleFont', 'systemMenuItemFont', 'systemMenuItemMarkFont', 
-    'systemMenuItemCmdKeyFont', 'systemWindowTitleFont', 
-    'systemPushButtonFont', 'systemUtilityWindowTitleFont', 
-    'systemAlertHeaderFont', 'systemToolbarFont', 'systemMiniSystemFont', 
-    'systemDetailSystemFont', 'systemDetailEmphasizedSystemFont'
-  ]
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/frame.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/frame.rb
index 263b160f29..6636fef5b5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/frame.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/frame.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-class Tk::Frame<TkWindow
+class TkFrame<TkWindow
   TkCommandNames = ['frame'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Frame'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -126,6 +126,3 @@ class Tk::Frame<TkWindow
     end
   end
 end
-
-#TkFrame = Tk::Frame unless Object.const_defined? :TkFrame
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Frame, :TkFrame)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
index 0dfd7263a7..10fdf3569b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ module TkGrid
     list(tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'bbox', *args))
   end
 
-=begin
   def configure(win, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       opts = args.pop
@@ -54,48 +53,6 @@ module TkGrid
       tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
     end
   end
-=end
-  def configure(*args)
-    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
-      opts = args.pop
-    else
-      opts = {}
-    end
-    fail ArgumentError, 'no widget is given' if args.empty?
-    params = []
-    args.flatten(1).each{|win|
-      case win
-      when '-', ?-              # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase columnspan)
-        params.push('-')
-      when /^-+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase columnspan)
-        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
-      when '^', ?^              # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase rowspan)
-        params.push('^')
-      when /^\^+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase rowspan)
-        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
-      when 'x', :x, ?x, nil, '' # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (empty column)
-        params.push('x')
-      when /^x+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (empty column)
-        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
-      else
-        params.push(_epath(win))
-      end
-    }
-    opts.each{|k, v|
-      params.push("-#{k}")
-      params.push(_epath(v))  # have to use 'epath' (hash_kv() is unavailable)
-    }
-    if Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 ||
-        (Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TCL_MINOR_VERSION <= 3)
-      if params[0] == '-' || params[0] == 'x' || params[0] == '^'
-        tk_call_without_enc('grid', *params)
-      else
-        tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
-      end
-    else
-      tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
-    end
-  end
   alias grid configure
 
   def columnconfigure(master, index, args)
@@ -104,14 +61,12 @@ module TkGrid
     tk_call_without_enc("grid", 'columnconfigure', 
                         master, index, *hash_kv(args))
   end
-  alias column columnconfigure
 
   def rowconfigure(master, index, args)
     # master = master.epath if master.kind_of?(TkObject)
     master = _epath(master)
     tk_call_without_enc("grid", 'rowconfigure', master, index, *hash_kv(args))
   end
-  alias row rowconfigure
 
   def columnconfiginfo(master, index, slot=nil)
     # master = master.epath if master.kind_of?(TkObject)
@@ -234,10 +189,10 @@ module TkGrid
     list(tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'slaves', master, *hash_kv(args)))
   end
 
-  module_function :anchor, :bbox, :add, :forget, :propagate, :info
+  module_function :bbox, :forget, :propagate, :info
   module_function :remove, :size, :slaves, :location
   module_function :grid, :configure, :columnconfigure, :rowconfigure
-  module_function :column, :row, :columnconfiginfo, :rowconfiginfo
+  module_function :columnconfiginfo, :rowconfiginfo
 end
 =begin
 def TkGrid(win, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
index dffdc19644..35e2c4e394 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
@@ -10,16 +10,9 @@ class TkImage<TkObject
   TkCommandNames = ['image'.freeze].freeze
 
   Tk_IMGTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tk_Image_ID = ['i'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (Tk_Image_ID = ['i'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{ Tk_IMGTBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ Tk_IMGTBL.clear }
 
   def self.new(keys=nil)
     if keys.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -34,10 +27,7 @@ class TkImage<TkObject
           obj = name
         else
           name = _get_eval_string(name)
-          obj = nil
-          Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            obj = Tk_IMGTBL[name]
-          }
+          obj = Tk_IMGTBL[name]
         end
         if obj
           if !(keys[:without_creating] || keys['without_creating'])
@@ -53,13 +43,7 @@ class TkImage<TkObject
         end
       end
     end
-    (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-      Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        initialize(keys)
-        Tk_IMGTBL[@path] = self
-      }
-    }
-    obj
+    super(keys)
   end
 
   def initialize(keys=nil)
@@ -71,22 +55,19 @@ class TkImage<TkObject
       without_creating = keys.delete('without_creating')
     end
     unless @path
-      Tk_Image_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        # @path = Tk_Image_ID.join('')
-        @path = Tk_Image_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        Tk_Image_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      # @path = Tk_Image_ID.join('')
+      @path = Tk_Image_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      Tk_Image_ID[1].succ!
     end
     unless without_creating
       tk_call_without_enc('image', 'create', 
                           @type, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
     end
+    Tk_IMGTBL[@path] = self
   end
 
   def delete
-    Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_IMGTBL.delete(@id) if @id
-    }
+    Tk_IMGTBL.delete(@id) if @id
     tk_call_without_enc('image', 'delete', @path)
     self
   end
@@ -104,10 +85,8 @@ class TkImage<TkObject
   end
 
   def TkImage.names
-    Tk_IMGTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk.tk_call_without_enc('image', 'names').split.collect!{|id|
-        (Tk_IMGTBL[id])? Tk_IMGTBL[id] : id
-      }
+    Tk.tk_call_without_enc('image', 'names').split.collect!{|id|
+      (Tk_IMGTBL[id])? Tk_IMGTBL[id] : id
     }
   end
 
@@ -156,7 +135,7 @@ class TkPhotoImage<TkImage
     self
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(option)
+  def cget(option)
     case option.to_s
     when 'data', 'file'
       tk_send 'cget', '-' << option.to_s
@@ -164,23 +143,6 @@ class TkPhotoImage<TkImage
       tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('cget', '-' << option.to_s))
     end
   end
-  def cget(option)
-    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      cget_strict(option)
-    else
-      begin
-        cget_strict(option)
-      rescue => e
-        if current_configinfo.has_key?(option.to_s)
-          # error on known option
-          fail e
-        else
-          # unknown option
-          nil
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
 
   def copy(src, *opts)
     if opts.size == 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
index 9c6a98d0f8..a7885e74f3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ require 'tk/itemfont.rb'
 module TkItemConfigOptkeys
   include TkUtil
 
-  def __item_optkey_aliases(id)
-    {}
-  end
-  private :__item_optkey_aliases
-
   def __item_numval_optkeys(id)
     []
   end
@@ -120,14 +115,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
   include TkTreatItemFont
   include TkItemConfigOptkeys
 
-  def TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-    @mode || false
-  end
-  def TkItemConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__!(mode)
-    fail SecurityError, "can't change the mode" if $SAFE>=4
-    @mode = (mode)? true: false
-  end
-
   def __item_cget_cmd(id)
     # maybe need to override
     [self.path, 'itemcget', id]
@@ -162,7 +149,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
 
   ################################################
 
-  def __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
+  def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
     orig_opt = option
     option = option.to_s
 
@@ -170,11 +157,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_opt.inspect}'"
     end
 
-    alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == option}
-    if real_name
-      option = real_name.to_s
-    end
-
     if ( method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[option] )
       optval = tk_call_without_enc(*(__item_cget_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{option}"))
       begin
@@ -242,45 +224,11 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       tk_tcl2ruby(tk_call_without_enc(*(__item_cget_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{option}")), true)
     end
   end
-  private :__itemcget_core
-
-  def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
-    else
-      begin
-        __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    # never use TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-    __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
-  end
 
-  def __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
+  def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
       slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
 
-      __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).each{|alias_name, real_name|
-        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
-        if slot.has_key?(alias_name)
-          slot[real_name.to_s] = slot.delete(alias_name)
-        end
-      }
-
       __item_methodcall_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).each{|key, method|
         value = slot.delete(key.to_s)
         self.__send__(method, tagOrId, value) if value
@@ -317,11 +265,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
         fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
       end
 
-      alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-      if real_name
-        slot = real_name.to_s
-      end
-
       if ( conf = __item_keyonly_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot } )
         defkey, undefkey = conf
         if value
@@ -345,56 +288,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
     end
     self
   end
-  private :__itemconfigure_core
-
-  def __check_available_itemconfigure_options(tagOrId, keys)
-    id = tagid(tagOrId)
-
-    availables = self.__current_itemconfiginfo(id).keys
-
-    # add non-standard keys
-    availables |= __font_optkeys.map{|k|
-      [k.to_s, "latin#{k}", "ascii#{k}", "kanji#{k}"]
-    }.flatten
-    availables |= __item_methodcall_optkeys(id).keys.map{|k| k.to_s}
-    availables |= __item_keyonly_optkeys(id).keys.map{|k| k.to_s}
-
-    keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-
-    keys.delete_if{|k, v| !(availables.include?(k))}
-  end
-
-  def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot, value)
-    else
-      if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
-        begin
-          __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot)
-        rescue
-          slot = __check_available_itemconfigure_options(tagOrId, slot)
-          __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot) unless slot.empty?
-        end
-      else
-        begin
-          __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot, value)
-        rescue => e
-          begin
-            if __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(slot.to_s)
-              # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-              fail e
-            else
-              # not tag error & option is unknown
-              nil
-            end
-          rescue
-            fail e  # tag error
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    self
-  end
 
   def __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId, slot = nil)
     if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
@@ -406,10 +299,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
           conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:key]][1..-1]
         if ( ! __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] \
             || conf.size > __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] + 1 )
-          fnt = conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]]
-          if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-            conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-          end
           conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:current_value]] = tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId), fontkey)
         elsif ( __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] \
                && conf.size == __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] + 1 \
@@ -421,12 +310,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[slot]
@@ -752,10 +635,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
             fontconf = ret.assoc(optkey)
             if fontconf && fontconf.size > 2
               ret.delete_if{|inf| inf[0] =~ /^(|latin|ascii|kanji)#{optkey}$/}
-              fnt = fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]]
-              if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-                fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-              end
               fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:current_value]] = tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId), optkey)
               ret.push(fontconf)
             end
@@ -779,11 +658,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
 
         if ( ! __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] \
             || conf.size > __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] + 1 )
-          fnt = conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]]
-          if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-            conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-          end
-          conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:current_value]] = tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId), fontkey)
+          conf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:current_value]] = fontobj(tagid(tagOrId), fontkey)
           { conf.shift => conf }
         elsif ( __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] \
                && conf.size == __item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:alias] + 1 )
@@ -798,12 +673,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[slot]
@@ -1137,10 +1006,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
               ret.delete('latin' << optkey)
               ret.delete('ascii' << optkey)
               ret.delete('kanji' << optkey)
-              fnt = fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]]
-              if TkFont.is_system_font?(fnt)
-                fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:default_value]] = TkNamedFont.new(fnt)
-              end
               fontconf[__item_configinfo_struct(tagid(tagOrId))[:current_value]] = tagfontobj(tagid(tagOrId), optkey)
               ret[optkey] = fontconf
             end
@@ -1158,24 +1023,10 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
   private :__itemconfiginfo_core
 
   def itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
-    if slot && TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      begin
-        __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId, slot)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId)
-          # not tag error -> option is unknown
-          Array.new(__item_configinfo_struct.values.max).unshift(slot.to_s)
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    else
-      __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId, slot)
-    end
+    __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId, slot)
   end
 
-  def __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
+  def current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
     if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
       if slot
         org_slot = slot
@@ -1197,7 +1048,6 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
             ret[conf[0]] = conf[-1]
           end
         }
-
         ret
       end
     else # ! TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
@@ -1208,8 +1058,4 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       ret
     end
   end
-
-  def current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
-    __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot)
-  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
index 4c5c917c57..ab9e3ff6c9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
@@ -94,16 +94,7 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
                                       *(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << {}))
               next
             else
-              fnt = hash_kv(fnt) if fnt.kind_of?(Hash)
-              unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-                tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
-              else
-                begin
-                  tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
-                rescue => e
-                  # ignore
-                end
-              end
+              tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
             end
           end
           next
@@ -156,16 +147,7 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
       elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
-        ltn = hash_kv(ltn) if ltn.kind_of?(Hash)
-        unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-          tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
-        else
-          begin
-            tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
-          rescue => e
-            # ignore
-          end
-        end
+        tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
         next
       end
 
@@ -216,16 +198,7 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
       elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
-        knj = hash_kv(knj) if knj.kind_of?(Hash)
-        unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-          tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
-        else
-          begin
-            tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
-          rescue => e
-            # ignore
-          end
-        end
+        tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
         next
       end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/label.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/label.rb
index 80b3d778f1..8b45db9b30 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/label.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-class Tk::Label<TkWindow
+class TkLabel<TkWindow
   TkCommandNames = ['label'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Label'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -16,6 +16,3 @@ class Tk::Label<TkWindow
   #end
   #private :create_self
 end
-
-#TkLabel = Tk::Label unless Object.const_defined? :TkLabel
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Label, :TkLabel)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/labelframe.rb
index 995b5b7e72..73d5603200 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/labelframe.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/frame'
 
-class Tk::LabelFrame<Tk::Frame
+class TkLabelFrame<TkFrame
   TkCommandNames = ['labelframe'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Labelframe'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -22,8 +22,4 @@ class Tk::LabelFrame<Tk::Frame
   end
   private :__val2ruby_optkeys
 end
-
-Tk::Labelframe = Tk::LabelFrame
-#TkLabelFrame = Tk::LabelFrame unless Object.const_defined? :TkLabelFrame
-#TkLabelframe = Tk::Labelframe unless Object.const_defined? :TkLabelframe
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::LabelFrame, :TkLabelFrame, :TkLabelframe)
+TkLabelframe = TkLabelFrame
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/listbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/listbox.rb
index bb039ffb0e..41d02d279e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/listbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/listbox.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module TkListItemConfig
   private :__item_listval_optkeys
 end
 
-class Tk::Listbox<TkTextWin
+class TkListbox<TkTextWin
   include TkListItemConfig
   include Scrollable
 
@@ -277,6 +277,3 @@ class Tk::Listbox<TkTextWin
   end
 =end
 end
-
-#TkListbox = Tk::Listbox unless Object.const_defined? :TkListbox
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Listbox, :TkListbox)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/macpkg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/macpkg.rb
index 67b0a4bb60..1802073f46 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/macpkg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/macpkg.rb
@@ -20,14 +20,9 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-module Tk::MacResource
-end
-#TkMacResource = Tk::MacResource
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::MacResource, :TkMacResource)
-
-module Tk::MacResource
+module TkMacResource
   extend Tk
-  extend Tk::MacResource
+  extend TkMacResource
 
   TkCommandNames = ['resource'.freeze].freeze
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
index 3ae0548dd1..ddddc8e53e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
@@ -34,16 +34,15 @@ module TkMenuEntryConfig
   private :__item_val2ruby_optkeys
 
   alias entrycget itemcget
-  alias entrycget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias entryconfigure itemconfigure
   alias entryconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_entryconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
-class Tk::Menu<TkWindow
+class TkMenu<TkWindow
   include Wm
   include TkMenuEntryConfig
   extend TkMenuSpec
@@ -141,9 +140,9 @@ class Tk::Menu<TkWindow
     type = keys.delete('type') if keys.has_key?('type')
 
     if keys.empty?
-      Tk::MenuClone.new(self, parent, type)
+      TkMenuClone.new(self, parent, type)
     else
-      Tk::MenuClone.new(self, parent, type, keys)
+      TkMenuClone.new(self, parent, type, keys)
     end
   end
 
@@ -203,9 +202,6 @@ class Tk::Menu<TkWindow
     tk_send_without_enc('unpost')
     self
   end
-  def xposition(index)
-    number(tk_send_without_enc('xposition', _get_eval_enc_str(index)))
-  end
   def yposition(index)
     number(tk_send_without_enc('yposition', _get_eval_enc_str(index)))
   end
@@ -385,11 +381,8 @@ class Tk::Menu<TkWindow
 =end
 end
 
-#TkMenu = Tk::Menu unless Object.const_defined? :TkMenu
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Menu, :TkMenu)
-
 
-class Tk::MenuClone<Tk::Menu
+class TkMenuClone<TkMenu
 =begin
   def initialize(parent, type=None)
     widgetname = nil
@@ -443,12 +436,9 @@ class Tk::MenuClone<Tk::Menu
     @src_menu
   end
 end
-Tk::CloneMenu = Tk::MenuClone
-#TkMenuClone = Tk::MenuClone unless Object.const_defined? :TkMenuClone
-#TkCloneMenu = Tk::CloneMenu unless Object.const_defined? :TkCloneMenu
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::MenuClone, :TkMenuClone, :TkCloneMenu)
+TkCloneMenu = TkMenuClone
 
-module Tk::SystemMenu
+module TkSystemMenu
   def initialize(parent, keys=nil)
     if parent.kind_of? Hash
       keys = _symbolkey2str(parent)
@@ -471,60 +461,38 @@ module Tk::SystemMenu
     end
   end
 end
-TkSystemMenu = Tk::SystemMenu
 
 
-class Tk::SysMenu_Help<Tk::Menu
+class TkSysMenu_Help<TkMenu
   # for all platform
-  include Tk::SystemMenu
+  include TkSystemMenu
   SYSMENU_NAME = 'help'
 end
-#TkSysMenu_Help = Tk::SysMenu_Help unless Object.const_defined? :TkSysMenu_Help
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::SysMenu_Help, :TkSysMenu_Help)
 
 
-class Tk::SysMenu_System<Tk::Menu
+class TkSysMenu_System<TkMenu
   # for Windows
-  include Tk::SystemMenu
+  include TkSystemMenu
   SYSMENU_NAME = 'system'
 end
-#TkSysMenu_System = Tk::SysMenu_System unless Object.const_defined? :TkSysMenu_System
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::SysMenu_System, :TkSysMenu_System)
 
 
-class Tk::SysMenu_Apple<Tk::Menu
+class TkSysMenu_Apple<TkMenu
   # for Machintosh
-  include Tk::SystemMenu
+  include TkSystemMenu
   SYSMENU_NAME = 'apple'
 end
-#TkSysMenu_Apple = Tk::SysMenu_Apple unless Object.const_defined? :TkSysMenu_Apple
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::SysMenu_Apple, :TkSysMenu_Apple)
 
 
-class Tk::Menubutton<Tk::Label
+class TkMenubutton<TkLabel
   TkCommandNames = ['menubutton'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Menubutton'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
   def create_self(keys)
     if keys and keys != None
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        # tk_call_without_enc('menubutton', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                            *hash_kv(keys, true))
-      else
-        begin
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                              *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        rescue
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
-          keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
-          unless keys.empty?
-            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path) rescue nil
-            tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                                *hash_kv(keys, true))
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      # tk_call_without_enc('menubutton', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+      tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
+                          *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
       # tk_call_without_enc('menubutton', @path)
       tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
@@ -538,13 +506,10 @@ class Tk::Menubutton<Tk::Label
   private :__boolval_optkeys
 
 end
-Tk::MenuButton = Tk::Menubutton
-#TkMenubutton = Tk::Menubutton unless Object.const_defined? :TkMenubutton
-#TkMenuButton = Tk::MenuButton unless Object.const_defined? :TkMenuButton
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Menubutton, :TkMenubutton, :TkMenuButton)
+TkMenuButton = TkMenubutton
 
 
-class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
+class TkOptionMenubutton<TkMenubutton
   TkCommandNames = ['tk_optionMenu'.freeze].freeze
 
   class OptionMenu<TkMenu
@@ -631,9 +596,6 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
     @menu.delete(index, last)
     self
   end
-  def xposition(index)
-    @menu.xposition(index)
-  end
   def yposition(index)
     @menu.yposition(index)
   end
@@ -643,9 +605,6 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
   def menucget(key)
     @menu.cget(key)
   end
-  def menucget_strict(key)
-    @menu.cget_strict(key)
-  end
   def menuconfigure(key, val=None)
     @menu.configure(key, val)
     self
@@ -659,9 +618,6 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
   def entrycget(index, key)
     @menu.entrycget(index, key)
   end
-  def entrycget_strict(index, key)
-    @menu.entrycget_strict(index, key)
-  end
   def entryconfigure(index, key, val=None)
     @menu.entryconfigure(index, key, val)
     self
@@ -673,9 +629,4 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
     @menu.current_entryconfiginfo(index, key)
   end
 end
-
-Tk::OptionMenuButton = Tk::OptionMenubutton
-#TkOptionMenubutton = Tk::OptionMenubutton unless Object.const_defined? :TkOptionMenubutton
-#TkOptionMenuButton = Tk::OptionMenuButton unless Object.const_defined? :TkOptionMenuButton
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::OptionMenubutton, 
-                            :TkOptionMenubutton, :TkOptionMenuButton)
+TkOptionMenuButton = TkOptionMenubutton
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb
index ef9da809b9..392b6fbd4e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menubar.rb
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ require 'tk/frame'
 require 'tk/composite'
 require 'tk/menuspec'
 
-class TkMenubar<Tk::Frame
+class TkMenubar<TkFrame
   include TkComposite
   include TkMenuSpec
   
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
index 2a2eb9ba3c..118a4f42b1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
@@ -61,12 +61,8 @@ module TkMenuSpec
     tearoff = orig_opts.delete('tearoff') if orig_opts.key?('tearoff')
 
     if menu_name
-      #menu = Tk::Menu.new(parent, :widgetname=>menu_name, :tearoff=>tearoff)
-      # --> use current TkMenu class
       menu = TkMenu.new(parent, :widgetname=>menu_name, :tearoff=>tearoff)
     else
-      #menu = Tk::Menu.new(parent, :tearoff=>tearoff)
-      # --> use current TkMenu class
       menu = TkMenu.new(parent, :tearoff=>tearoff)
     end
 
@@ -154,22 +150,21 @@ module TkMenuSpec
 
   def _use_menubar?(parent)
     use_menubar = false
-    if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Root) || parent.kind_of?(Tk::Toplevel)
-      true 
-    elsif parent.current_configinfo.has_key?('menu')
-      true
+    if parent.kind_of?(TkRoot) || parent.kind_of?(TkToplevel)
+      return true 
     else
-      false
+      begin
+        parent.cget('menu')
+        return true 
+      rescue
+      end
     end
+    false
   end
   private :_use_menubar?
 
   def _create_menu_for_menubar(parent)
-    #unless (mbar = parent.menu).kind_of?(TkMenu)
-    # --> use current TkMenu class
-    mbar = parent.menu
-    unless mbar.kind_of?(Tk::Menu) || mbar.kind_of?(TkMenu)
-      #mbar = Tk::Menu.new(parent, :tearoff=>false)
+    unless (mbar = parent.menu).kind_of?(TkMenu)
       mbar = TkMenu.new(parent, :tearoff=>false)
       parent.menu(mbar)
     end
@@ -195,6 +190,7 @@ module TkMenuSpec
 
     if _use_menubar?(parent)
       # menubar by menu entries
+
       mbar = _create_menu_for_menubar(parent)
 
       menu_name = nil
@@ -225,8 +221,6 @@ module TkMenuSpec
 
     else
       # menubar by menubuttons
-      #mbtn = Tk::Menubutton.new(parent)
-      # --> use current TkMenubutton class
       mbtn = TkMenubutton.new(parent)
 
       menu_name = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/message.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/message.rb
index 946b68c704..79121bebb3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/message.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/message.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/label'
 
-class Tk::Message<Tk::Label
+class TkMessage<TkLabel
   TkCommandNames = ['message'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Message'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -17,6 +17,3 @@ class Tk::Message<Tk::Label
   #end
   private :create_self
 end
-
-#TkMessage = Tk::Message unless Object.const_defined? :TkMessage
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Message, :TkMessage)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/msgcat.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/msgcat.rb
index 162953f425..061e43fd89 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/msgcat.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/msgcat.rb
@@ -74,11 +74,7 @@ class TkMsgCatalog < TkObject
               "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
               _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n")) + 
               "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
-        if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-          msg.force_encoding('utf-8')
-        else
-          msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
-        end
+        msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
       rescue Exception
         msg = e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" + 
               "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
index 20a8d65215..5bf6474c5b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
@@ -12,24 +12,17 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
   ].freeze
 
   Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  (Tk_Namespace_ID = ["ns".freeze, "00000".taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
+  Tk_Namespace_ID = ["ns".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
 
   Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
   TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.clear }
-    Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL.clear }
+    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.clear
+    Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL.clear
   }
 
   def TkNamespace.id2obj(id)
-    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[id]? Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[id]: id
-    }
+    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[id]? Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[id]: id
   end
 
   #####################################
@@ -72,27 +65,11 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
     def cget(slot)
       if slot == :namespace || slot == 'namespace'
         ns = super(slot)
-        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
-            TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
-          else
-            ns
-          end
-        }
-      else
-        super(slot)
-      end
-    end
-    def cget_strict(slot)
-      if slot == :namespace || slot == 'namespace'
-        ns = super(slot)
-        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
-            TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
-          else
-            ns
-          end
-        }
+        if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
+          TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
+        else
+          ns
+        end
       else
         super(slot)
       end
@@ -102,11 +79,9 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
       if slot
         if slot == :namespace || slot == 'namespace'
           val = super(slot)
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(val)
-              val = TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[val]
-            end
-          }
+          if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(val)
+            val = TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[val]
+          end
         else
           val = super(slot)
         end
@@ -121,23 +96,19 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
         info = super()
 
         if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            info.map!{|inf| 
-              if inf[0] == 'namespace' && 
-                  TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(inf[-1])
-                [inf[0], TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[inf[-1]]]
-              else
-                inf
-              end
-            }
+          info.map!{|inf| 
+            if inf[0] == 'namespace' && 
+                TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(inf[-1])
+              [inf[0], TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[inf[-1]]]
+            else
+              inf
+            end
           }
         else # ! TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
           val = info['namespace']
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(val)
-              info['namespace'] = TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[val]
-            end
-          }
+          if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(val)
+            info['namespace'] = TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[val]
+          end
         end
 
         info
@@ -244,11 +215,9 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
 
   def initialize(name = nil, parent = nil)
     unless name
-      Tk_Namespace_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        # name = Tk_Namespace_ID.join('')
-        name = Tk_Namespace_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        Tk_Namespace_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      # name = Tk_Namespace_ID.join('')
+      name = Tk_Namespace_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      Tk_Namespace_ID[1].succ!
     end
     name = __tk_call('namespace', 'current') if name == ''
     if parent
@@ -283,9 +252,7 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
     # create namespace
     __tk_call('namespace', 'eval', @fullname, '')
 
-    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[@fullname] = self
-    }
+    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[@fullname] = self
   end
 
   def self.children(*args)
@@ -293,13 +260,11 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
     # <pattern> must be glob-style pattern
     tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('namespace', 'children', *args)).collect{|ns|
       # ns is fullname
-      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
-        else
-          ns
-        end
-      }
+      if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
+        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
+      else
+        ns
+      end
     }
   end
   def children(pattern=None)
@@ -325,24 +290,14 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
   def code(script = Proc.new)
     if script.kind_of?(String)
       cmd = proc{|*args|
-        if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-          obj = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args)
-          ret = obj.instance_exec(obj, script)
-        else
-          ret = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args).instance_eval(script)
-        end
+        ret = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args).instance_eval(script)
         id = ret.object_id
         TkNamespace::Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL[id] = ret
         id
       }
     elsif script.kind_of?(Proc)
       cmd = proc{|*args|
-        if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-          obj = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args)
-          ret = obj.instance_exec(obj, &script)
-        else
-          ret = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args).instance_eval(&script)
-        end
+        ret = ScopeArgs.new(@fullname,*args).instance_eval(&script)
         id = ret.object_id
         TkNamespace::Tk_NsCode_RetObjID_TBL[id] = ret
         id
@@ -364,13 +319,11 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
 
   def self.current
     ns = self.current_path
-    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
-        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
-      else
-        ns
-      end
-    }
+    if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
+      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
+    else
+      ns
+    end
   end
   def current_namespace
     # ns_tk_call('namespace', 'current')
@@ -382,13 +335,11 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
   def self.delete(*ns_list)
     tk_call('namespace', 'delete', *ns_list)
     ns_list.each{|ns|
-      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if ns.kind_of?(TkNamespace)
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.delete(ns.path)
-        else
-          Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.delete(ns.to_s)
-        end
-      }
+      if ns.kind_of?(TkNamespace)
+        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.delete(ns.path)
+      else
+        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.delete(ns.to_s)
+      end
     }
   end
   def delete
@@ -420,7 +371,7 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
 
   def self.eval(namespace, cmd = Proc.new, *args)
     #tk_call('namespace', 'eval', namespace, cmd, *args)
-    TkNamespace.new(namespace).eval(cmd, *args)
+    TkNamespace.new(namespece).eval(cmd, *args)
   end
 =begin
   def eval(cmd = Proc.new, *args)
@@ -493,13 +444,11 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
 
   def self.parent(namespace=None)
     ns = tk_call('namespace', 'parent', namespace)
-    Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
-        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
-      else
-        ns
-      end
-    }
+    if Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
+      Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
+    else
+      ns
+    end
   end
   def parent
     tk_call('namespace', 'parent', @fullname)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/optiondb.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/optiondb.rb
index 186811d37d..a806f3971d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/optiondb.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/optiondb.rb
@@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ module TkOptionDB
   extend Tk
 
   TkCommandNames = ['option'.freeze].freeze
-  (CmdClassID = ['CMD_CLASS'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
+  CmdClassID = ['CMD_CLASS'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
   module Priority
     WidgetDefault = 20
@@ -254,10 +250,8 @@ module TkOptionDB
   def __create_new_class(klass, func, safe = 4, add = false, parent = nil)
     if klass.kind_of?(TkWindow)
       carrier = klass.path
-      CmdClassID.mutex.synchronize{
-        klass = CmdClassID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        CmdClassID[1].succ!
-      }
+      klass = CmdClassID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      CmdClassID[1].succ!
       parent = nil # ignore parent
     else
       klass = klass.to_s if klass.kind_of?(Symbol)
@@ -318,7 +312,7 @@ module TkOptionDB
         :singleton_methods, :remove_const, :remove_method, :undef_method, 
         :to_s, :inspect, :display, :method, :methods, :respond_to?, 
         :instance_variable_get, :instance_variable_set, :instance_method, 
-        :instance_eval, :instance_exec, :instance_variables, :kind_of?, :is_a?,
+        :instance_eval, :instance_variables, :kind_of?, :is_a?,
         :private_methods, :protected_methods, :public_methods ].each{|m|
         alias_method(m, :__null_method)
       }
@@ -368,7 +362,7 @@ module TkOptionDB
 
   def new_proc_class_random(klass, func, safe = 4, add = false, &b)
     eval_under_random_base(){
-      TkOptionDB.new_proc_class(klass, func, safe, add, self, &b)
+      TkOption.new_proc_class(klass, func, safe, add, self, &b)
     }
   end
   module_function :new_proc_class_random
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
index 220a38e524..8fab363121 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ module TkPack
 
   TkCommandNames = ['pack'.freeze].freeze
 
-=begin
   def configure(win, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       opts = args.pop
@@ -30,22 +29,6 @@ module TkPack
     }
     tk_call_without_enc("pack", 'configure', *params)
   end
-=end
-  def configure(*args)
-    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
-      opts = args.pop
-    else
-      opts = {}
-    end
-    fail ArgumentError, 'no widget is given' if args.empty?
-    params = []
-    args.flatten(1).each{|win| params.push(_epath(win))}
-    opts.each{|k, v|
-      params.push("-#{k}")
-      params.push(_epath(v))  # have to use 'epath' (hash_kv() is unavailable)
-    }
-    tk_call_without_enc("pack", 'configure', *params)
-  end
   alias pack configure
 
   def forget(*args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/package.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/package.rb
index 0c329732f5..d1eb27674d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/package.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/package.rb
@@ -136,8 +136,4 @@ module TkPackage
   def vsatisfies(version1, version2)
     bool(tk_call('package', 'vsatisfies', version1, version2))
   end
-
-  def prefer(setting = None)
-    tk_call('package', 'prefer', setting)
-  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
index 2d08d50f6a..2b6fdf5d90 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module TkPalette
   ].freeze
 
   def TkPalette.set(*args)
-    args = args[0].to_a.flatten if args[0].kind_of? Hash
+    args = args.to_a.flatten if args.kind_of? Hash
     tk_call('tk_setPalette', *args)
   end
   def TkPalette.setPalette(*args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
index 030144e677..c6cf3cd11f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-class Tk::PanedWindow<TkWindow
+class TkPanedWindow<TkWindow
   TkCommandNames = ['panedwindow'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Panedwindow'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -76,32 +76,11 @@ class Tk::PanedWindow<TkWindow
     self
   end
 
-  def panecget_strict(win, key)
+  def panecget(win, key)
     # win = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkObject)
     win = _epath(win)
     tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('panecget', win, "-#{key}"))
   end
-  def panecget(win, key)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      panecget_strict(win, key)
-    else
-      begin
-        panecget_strict(win, key)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_paneconfiginfo(win).has_key?(option.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
 
   def paneconfigure(win, key, value=nil)
     # win = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkObject)
@@ -250,9 +229,4 @@ class Tk::PanedWindow<TkWindow
     list(tk_send_without_enc('panes'))
   end
 end
-
-Tk::Panedwindow = Tk::PanedWindow
-#TkPanedWindow = Tk::PanedWindow unless Object.const_defined? :TkPanedWindow
-#TkPanedwindow = Tk::Panedwindow unless Object.const_defined? :TkPanedwindow
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::PanedWindow, 
-                            :TkPanedWindow, :TkPanedwindow)
+TkPanedwindow = TkPanedWindow
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/radiobutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/radiobutton.rb
index 1f864ec06b..f8f67d709a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/radiobutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/radiobutton.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/button'
 
-class Tk::RadioButton<Tk::Button
+class TkRadioButton<TkButton
   TkCommandNames = ['radiobutton'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Radiobutton'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -63,9 +63,4 @@ class Tk::RadioButton<Tk::Button
     end
   end
 end
-
-Tk::Radiobutton = Tk::RadioButton
-#TkRadioButton = Tk::RadioButton unless Object.const_defined? :TkRadioButton
-#TkRadiobutton = Tk::Radiobutton unless Object.const_defined? :TkRadiobutton
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::RadioButton, 
-                            :TkRadioButton, :TkRadiobutton)
+TkRadiobutton = TkRadioButton
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/root.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/root.rb
index 7237b4c614..0e5584c7c1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/root.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/root.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'tk'
 require 'tk/wm'
 require 'tk/menuspec'
 
-class Tk::Root<TkWindow
+class TkRoot<TkWindow
   include Wm
   include TkMenuSpec
 
@@ -14,7 +14,28 @@ class Tk::Root<TkWindow
   end
   private :__methodcall_optkeys
 
-  def Root.new(keys=nil, &b)
+=begin
+  ROOT = []
+  def TkRoot.new(keys=nil)
+    if ROOT[0]
+      Tk_WINDOWS["."] = ROOT[0]
+      return ROOT[0]
+    end
+    new = super(:without_creating=>true, :widgetname=>'.')
+    if keys  # wm commands
+      keys.each{|k,v|
+        if v.kind_of? Array
+          new.send(k,*v)
+        else
+          new.send(k,v)
+        end
+      }
+    end
+    ROOT[0] = new
+    Tk_WINDOWS["."] = new
+  end
+=end
+  def TkRoot.new(keys=nil, &b)
     unless TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows['.']
       TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows['.'] = 
         super(:without_creating=>true, :widgetname=>'.'){}
@@ -41,13 +62,7 @@ class Tk::Root<TkWindow
       }
     end
 
-    if block_given?
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        root.instance_exec(root, &b)
-      else
-        root.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    root.instance_eval(&b) if block_given?
     root
   end
 
@@ -87,9 +102,7 @@ class Tk::Root<TkWindow
     self.menu
   end
 
-  def Root.destroy
+  def TkRoot.destroy
     TkCore::INTERP._invoke('destroy', '.')
   end
 end
-
-TkRoot = Tk::Root unless Object.const_defined? :TkRoot
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
index 7e758d92f4..0b703aa055 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-class Tk::Scale<TkWindow
+class TkScale<TkWindow
   TkCommandNames = ['scale'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Scale'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -14,31 +14,9 @@ class Tk::Scale<TkWindow
         cmd = keys.delete('command')
         keys['command'] = proc{|val| cmd.call(val.to_f)}
       end
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        #tk_call_without_enc('scale', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                            *hash_kv(keys, true))
-      else
-        begin
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                              *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        rescue
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
-          keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
-          unless keys.empty?
-            begin
-              tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-            rescue
-              # cannot destroy
-              configure(keys)
-            else
-              # re-create widget
-              tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                                  *hash_kv(keys, true))
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      #tk_call_without_enc('scale', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+      tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
+                          *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
       #tk_call_without_enc('scale', @path)
       tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
@@ -106,6 +84,3 @@ class Tk::Scale<TkWindow
     val
   end
 end
-
-#TkScale = Tk::Scale unless Object.const_defined? :TkScale
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Scale, :TkScale)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
index 87db46a9f9..70aadfdd4c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-class Tk::Scrollbar<TkWindow
+class TkScrollbar<TkWindow
   TkCommandNames = ['scrollbar'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Scrollbar'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -19,31 +19,9 @@ class Tk::Scrollbar<TkWindow
     }
 
     if keys and keys != None
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        #tk_call_without_enc('scrollbar', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                            *hash_kv(keys, true))
-      else
-        begin
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                              *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        rescue
-          tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
-          keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
-          unless keys.empty?
-            begin
-              tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-            rescue
-              # cannot destroy
-              configure(keys)
-            else
-              # re-create widget
-              tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                                  *hash_kv(keys, true))
-            end
-          end
-        end
-      end
+      #tk_call_without_enc('scrollbar', @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+      tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
+                          *hash_kv(keys, true))
     else
       #tk_call_without_enc('scrollbar', @path)
       tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
@@ -125,33 +103,9 @@ class Tk::Scrollbar<TkWindow
   def activate(element=None)
     tk_send_without_enc('activate', element)
   end
-
-  def moveto(fraction)
-    tk_send_without_enc('moveto', fraction)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scroll(*args)
-    tk_send_without_enc('scroll', *args)
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scroll_units(num)
-    scroll(num, 'units')
-    self
-  end
-
-  def scroll_pages(num)
-    scroll(num, 'pages')
-    self
-  end
 end
 
-#TkScrollbar = Tk::Scrollbar unless Object.const_defined? :TkScrollbar
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Scrollbar, :TkScrollbar)
-
-
-class Tk::XScrollbar<Tk::Scrollbar
+class TkXScrollbar<TkScrollbar
   def create_self(keys)
     keys = {} unless keys
     keys['orient'] = 'horizontal'
@@ -160,11 +114,7 @@ class Tk::XScrollbar<Tk::Scrollbar
   private :create_self
 end
 
-#TkXScrollbar = Tk::XScrollbar unless Object.const_defined? :TkXScrollbar
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::XScrollbar, :TkXScrollbar)
-
-
-class Tk::YScrollbar<Tk::Scrollbar
+class TkYScrollbar<TkScrollbar
   def create_self(keys)
     keys = {} unless keys
     keys['orient'] = 'vertical'
@@ -172,6 +122,3 @@ class Tk::YScrollbar<Tk::Scrollbar
   end
   private :create_self
 end
-
-#TkYScrollbar = Tk::YScrollbar unless Object.const_defined? :TkYScrollbar
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::YScrollbar, :TkYScrollbar)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbox.rb
index d20742a666..fd04057fb6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbox.rb
@@ -1,19 +1,16 @@
 #
 #               tk/scrollbox.rb - Tk Listbox with Scrollbar
 #                                 as an example of Composite Widget
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@netlab.co.jp>
 #
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/listbox'
 
-class TkScrollbox<Tk::Listbox
+class TkScrollbox<TkListbox
   include TkComposite
   def initialize_composite(keys=nil)
-    #list = Tk::Listbox.new(@frame)
-    # -> use current TkListbox class
     list = TkListbox.new(@frame)
-    #scroll = Tk::Scrollbar.new(@frame)
-    # -> use current TkScrollbar class
     scroll = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
     @path = list.path
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
index 34dc1904f7..9a10977d12 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #
 #               tk/spinbox.rb - Tk spinbox classes
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
 #
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/entry'
 
-class Tk::Spinbox<Tk::Entry
+class TkSpinbox<TkEntry
   TkCommandNames = ['spinbox'.freeze].freeze
   WidgetClassName = 'Spinbox'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
@@ -37,24 +38,6 @@ class Tk::Spinbox<Tk::Entry
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -114,6 +97,3 @@ class Tk::Spinbox<Tk::Entry
     _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('set', _get_eval_enc_str(str)))
   end
 end
-
-#TkSpinbox = Tk::Spinbox unless Object.const_defined? :TkSpinbox
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Spinbox, :TkSpinbox)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
index 4ec82bed1d..49d4b5625b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 #               tk/text.rb - Tk text classes
+#                       $Date$
 #                       by Yukihiro Matsumoto <matz@caelum.co.jp>
 require 'tk'
 require 'tk/itemfont'
@@ -32,40 +33,34 @@ module TkTextTagConfig
   def tag_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['tag', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def tag_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['tag', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def tag_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
   def tag_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfiginfo(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   def current_tag_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    current_itemconfiginfo(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
   def window_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['window', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def window_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['window', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def window_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
   def window_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfiginfo(['window', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   def current_window_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    current_itemconfiginfo(['window', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
-class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
+class TkText<TkTextWin
   ItemConfCMD = ['tag'.freeze, 'configure'.freeze].freeze
   #include TkTreatTextTagFont
   include TkTextTagConfig
@@ -79,9 +74,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
 
       mod = mod.to_s
       if mod =~ /^\s*[+-]?\d/
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod)
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod)
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod)
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod)
       end
     end
 
@@ -90,20 +85,20 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
 
       mod = mod.to_s
       if mod =~ /^\s*[+-]?\d/
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' - ' << mod)
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' - ' << mod)
       elsif mod =~ /^\s*[-]\s+(\d.*)$/
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' - -' << $1)
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' - -' << $1)
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod)
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod)
       end
     end
 
     def chars(mod)
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' chars')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' chars')
       end
     end
     alias char chars
@@ -112,9 +107,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display chars')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display chars')
       end
     end
     alias display_char display_chars
@@ -123,9 +118,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any chars')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any chars')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any chars')
       end
     end
     alias any_char any_chars
@@ -134,9 +129,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' indices')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' indices')
       end
     end
 
@@ -144,9 +139,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display indices')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display indices')
       end
     end
 
@@ -154,18 +149,18 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any indices')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any indices')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any indices')
       end
     end
 
     def lines(mod)
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' lines')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' lines')
       end
     end
     alias line lines
@@ -174,9 +169,9 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display_lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' display_lines')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' display lines')
       end
     end
     alias display_line display_lines
@@ -185,43 +180,43 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # Tk8.5 feature
       fail ArgumentError, 'expect Integer'  unless mod.kind_of?(Integer)
       if mod < 0
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any_lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' ' << mod.to_s << ' any_lines')
       else
-        Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any lines')
+        TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' + ' << mod.to_s << ' any lines')
       end
     end
     alias any_line any_lines
 
     def linestart
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' linestart')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' linestart')
     end
     def lineend
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' lineend')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' lineend')
     end
 
     def display_linestart
       # Tk8.5 feature
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display linestart')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display linestart')
     end
     def display_lineend
       # Tk8.5 feature
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display lineend')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display lineend')
     end
 
     def wordstart
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' wordstart')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' wordstart')
     end
     def wordend
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' wordend')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' wordend')
     end
 
     def display_wordstart
       # Tk8.5 feature
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display wordstart')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display wordstart')
     end
     def display_wordend
       # Tk8.5 feature
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display wordend')
+      TkText::IndexString.new(String.new(id) << ' display wordend')
     end
   end
 
@@ -256,11 +251,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   def self.new(*args, &block)
     obj = super(*args){}
     obj.init_instance_variable
-    if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-      obj.instance_exec(obj, &block) if defined? yield
-    else
-      obj.instance_eval(&block) if defined? yield
-    end
+    obj.instance_eval(&block) if defined? yield
     obj
   end
 
@@ -270,12 +261,8 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   end
 
   def __destroy_hook__
-    TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    TkTextTag::TMarkID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkTextMark::TMarkID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
+    TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    TkTextMark::TMarkID_TBL.delete(@path)
   end
 
   def create_self(keys)
@@ -298,16 +285,16 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   private :__strval_optkeys
 
   def self.at(x, y)
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.at(x, y)
+    TkText::IndexString.at(x, y)
   end
 
   def at(x, y)
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.at(x, y)
+    TkText::IndexString.at(x, y)
   end
 
   def index(idx)
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(tk_send_without_enc('index', 
-                                                  _get_eval_enc_str(idx)))
+    TkText::IndexString.new(tk_send_without_enc('index', 
+                                                _get_eval_enc_str(idx)))
   end
 
   def get_displaychars(*index)
@@ -409,7 +396,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   end
   alias previous_mark mark_previous
 
-  def image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+  def image_cget(index, slot)
     case slot.to_s
     when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'cget', 
@@ -421,28 +408,6 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
     end
   end
 
-  def image_cget(index, slot)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      image_cget_strict(index, slot)
-    else
-      begin
-        image_cget_strict(index, slot)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_image_configinfo(index).has_key?(slot.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
   def image_configure(index, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'configure', 
@@ -748,17 +713,15 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   def tag_delete(*tags)
     tk_send_without_enc('tag', 'delete', 
                         *(tags.collect{|tag| _get_eval_enc_str(tag)}))
-    TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path]
-        tags.each{|tag|
-          if tag.kind_of?(TkTextTag)
-            TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag.id) 
-          else
-            TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag) 
-          end
-        }
-      end
-    }
+    if TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path]
+      tags.each{|tag|
+        if tag.kind_of?(TkTextTag)
+          TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag.id) 
+        else
+          TkTextTag::TTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag) 
+        end
+      }
+    end
     self
   end
   alias deltag tag_delete
@@ -1005,7 +968,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
                             false, true)
     r = []
     while key=l.shift
-      r.push [Tk::Text::IndexString.new(key), Tk::Text::IndexString.new(l.shift)]
+      r.push [TkText::IndexString.new(key), TkText::IndexString.new(l.shift)]
     end
     r
   end
@@ -1015,7 +978,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(tag), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(first), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(last))).collect{|idx|
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(idx)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(idx)
     }
   end
 
@@ -1024,7 +987,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(tag), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(first), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(last))).collect{|idx|
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(idx)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(idx)
     }
   end
 
@@ -1220,11 +1183,6 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   end
 
   def _ktext_length(txt)
-    if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!
-      return txt.length
-    end
-    ###########################
-
     if $KCODE !~ /n/i
       return txt.gsub(/[^\Wa-zA-Z_\d]/, ' ').length
     end
@@ -1274,7 +1232,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
     if ret == ""
       nil
     else
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(ret)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(ret)
     end
   end
 
@@ -1309,7 +1267,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
     if ret == ""
       nil
     else
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(ret)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(ret)
     end
   end
 
@@ -1498,10 +1456,10 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
       # retrieve index
       idx = str.index(/ /, i)
       if idx
-        result.push(Tk::Text::IndexString.new(str[i..(idx-1)]))
+        result.push(TkText::IndexString.new(str[i..(idx-1)]))
         i = idx + 1
       else
-        result.push(Tk::Text::IndexString.new(str[i..-1]))
+        result.push(TkText::IndexString.new(str[i..-1]))
         break
       end
     end
@@ -1569,17 +1527,13 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   end
 end
 
-#TkText = Tk::Text unless Object.const_defined? :TkText
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Text, :TkText)
-
-
 #######################################
 
-class Tk::Text::Peer < Tk::Text
+class TkText::Peer < TkText
   # Tk8.5 feature
   def initialize(text, parent=nil, keys={})
-    unless text.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-      fail ArgumentError, "Tk::Text is expected for 1st argument"
+    unless text.kind_of?(TkText)
+      fail ArgumentError, "TkText is expected for 1st argument"
     end
     @src_text = text
     super(parent, keys)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
index fb306a9c17..a29b23c7dd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ require 'tk'
 require 'tk/text'
 
 class TkTextImage<TkObject
-  include Tk::Text::IndexModMethods
+  include TkText::IndexModMethods
 
   def initialize(parent, index, keys)
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Text for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkText)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkText for 1st argument"
     #end
     @t = parent
     if index == 'end' || index == :end
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class TkTextImage<TkObject
   end
 
   def id
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id)
+    TkText::IndexString.new(@id)
   end
   def mark
     @path
@@ -52,10 +52,6 @@ class TkTextImage<TkObject
     @t.image_cget(@index, slot)
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    @t.image_cget_strict(@index, slot)
-  end
-
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     @t.image_configure(@index, slot, value)
     self
@@ -84,5 +80,3 @@ class TkTextImage<TkObject
     value
   end
 end
-
-TktImage = TkTextImage
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textmark.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textmark.rb
index 72c1ce1ab4..650d95af70 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textmark.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textmark.rb
@@ -5,54 +5,38 @@ require 'tk'
 require 'tk/text'
 
 class TkTextMark<TkObject
-  include Tk::Text::IndexModMethods
+  include TkText::IndexModMethods
 
   TMarkID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tk_TextMark_ID = ['mark'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (Tk_TextMark_ID = ['mark'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TMarkID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TMarkID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TMarkID_TBL.clear }
 
   def TkTextMark.id2obj(text, id)
     tpath = text.path
-    TMarkID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TMarkID_TBL[tpath]
-        TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]? TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id 
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless TMarkID_TBL[tpath]
+    TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]? TMarkID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, index)
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Text for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkText)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkText for 1st argument"
     #end
     @parent = @t = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
-    Tk_TextMark_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @path = @id = Tk_TextMark_ID.join('')
-      @path = @id = Tk_TextMark_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-      Tk_TextMark_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    TMarkID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
-      TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
-      TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    # @path = @id = Tk_TextMark_ID.join('')
+    @path = @id = Tk_TextMark_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+    TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
+    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tk_TextMark_ID[1].succ!
     tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'mark', 'set', @id, 
                         _get_eval_enc_str(index))
     @t._addtag id, self
   end
 
   def id
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id)
+    TkText::IndexString.new(@id)
   end
 
   def exist?
@@ -65,15 +49,15 @@ class TkTextMark<TkObject
   end
 
 =begin
-  # move to Tk::Text::IndexModMethods module
+  # move to TkText::IndexModMethods module
   def +(mod)
     return chars(mod) if mod.kind_of?(Numeric)
 
     mod = mod.to_s
     if mod =~ /^\s*[+-]?\d/
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + ' + ' + mod)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(@id + ' + ' + mod)
     else
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + ' ' + mod)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(@id + ' ' + mod)
     end
   end
 
@@ -82,11 +66,11 @@ class TkTextMark<TkObject
 
     mod = mod.to_s
     if mod =~ /^\s*[+-]?\d/
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + ' - ' + mod)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(@id + ' - ' + mod)
     elsif mod =~ /^\s*[-]\s+(\d.*)$/
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + ' - -' + $1)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(@id + ' - -' + $1)
     else
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + ' ' + mod)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(@id + ' ' + mod)
     end
   end
 =end
@@ -137,68 +121,46 @@ class TkTextMark<TkObject
     end
   end
 end
-TktMark = TkTextMark
 
 class TkTextNamedMark<TkTextMark
-  def self.new(parent, name, index=nil)
-    TMarkID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TMarkID_TBL[parent.path] && TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-        obj = TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      else
-        # super(parent, name, *args)
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @parent = @t = parent
-          @tpath = parent.path
-          @path = @id = name
-          TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
-          TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
-          TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
-          @t._addtag @id, self
-        }
-        obj
-      end
-
-      if obj && index
-        tk_call_without_enc(parent.path, 'mark', 'set', name, 
-                            _get_eval_enc_str(index))
-      end
-      obj
-    }
+  def self.new(parent, name, *args)
+    if TMarkID_TBL[parent.path] && TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      return TMarkID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+    else
+      super(parent, name, *args)
+    end
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, name, index=nil)
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Text for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkText)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkText for 1st argument"
     #end
     @parent = @t = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = name
+    TMarkID_TBL[@id] = self
+    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TMarkID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
     tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'mark', 'set', @id, 
                         _get_eval_enc_str(index)) if index
-    @t._addtag @id, self
+    @t._addtag id, self
   end
 end
-TktNamedMark = TkTextNamedMark
 
 class TkTextMarkInsert<TkTextNamedMark
   def self.new(parent,*args)
     super(parent, 'insert', *args)
   end
 end
-TktMarkInsert = TkTextMarkInsert
 
 class TkTextMarkCurrent<TkTextNamedMark
   def self.new(parent,*args)
     super(parent, 'current', *args)
   end
 end
-TktMarkCurrent = TkTextMarkCurrent
 
 class TkTextMarkAnchor<TkTextNamedMark
   def self.new(parent,*args)
     super(parent, 'anchor', *args)
   end
 end
-TktMarkAnchor = TkTextMarkAnchor
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
index b08d923ea1..cc2c56210f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
@@ -7,29 +7,17 @@ require 'tk/tagfont'
 
 class TkTextTag<TkObject
   include TkTreatTagFont
-  include Tk::Text::IndexModMethods
+  include TkText::IndexModMethods
 
   TTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tk_TextTag_ID = ['tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (Tk_TextTag_ID = ['tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TTagID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TTagID_TBL.clear }
 
   def TkTextTag.id2obj(text, id)
     tpath = text.path
-    TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TTagID_TBL[tpath]
-        TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]? TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-      else 
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless TTagID_TBL[tpath]
+    TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]? TTagID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, *args)
@@ -38,16 +26,12 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
     #end
     @parent = @t = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
-    Tk_TextTag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @path = @id = Tk_TextTag_ID.join('')
-      @path = @id = Tk_TextTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-      Tk_TextTag_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-      TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-      TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    # @path = @id = Tk_TextTag_ID.join('')
+    @path = @id = Tk_TextTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+    # TTagID_TBL[@id] = self
+    TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tk_TextTag_ID[1].succ!
     #tk_call @t.path, "tag", "configure", @id, *hash_kv(keys)
     if args != []
       keys = args.pop
@@ -63,7 +47,7 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
   end
 
   def id
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id)
+    TkText::IndexString.new(@id)
   end
 
   def exist?
@@ -76,11 +60,11 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
   end
 
   def first
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + '.first')
+    TkText::IndexString.new(@id + '.first')
   end
 
   def last
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(@id + '.last')
+    TkText::IndexString.new(@id + '.last')
   end
 
   def add(*indices)
@@ -99,7 +83,7 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
     l = tk_split_simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'tag', 'ranges', @id))
     r = []
     while key=l.shift
-      r.push [Tk::Text::IndexString.new(key), Tk::Text::IndexString.new(l.shift)]
+      r.push [TkText::IndexString.new(key), TkText::IndexString.new(l.shift)]
     end
     r
   end
@@ -108,7 +92,7 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
     simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'tag', 'nextrange', @id, 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(first), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(last))).collect{|idx|
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(idx)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(idx)
     }
   end
 
@@ -116,7 +100,7 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
     simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'tag', 'prevrange', @id, 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(first), 
                                    _get_eval_enc_str(last))).collect{|idx|
-      Tk::Text::IndexString.new(idx)
+      TkText::IndexString.new(idx)
     }
   end
 
@@ -132,9 +116,6 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
   def cget(key)
     @t.tag_cget @id, key
   end
-  def cget_strict(key)
-    @t.tag_cget_strict @id, key
-  end
 =begin
   def cget(key)
     case key.to_s
@@ -240,58 +221,40 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
 
   def destroy
     tk_call_without_enc(@t.path, 'tag', 'delete', @id)
-    TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id) if TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-    }
+    TTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id) if TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
     self
   end
 end
-TktTag = TkTextTag
 
 class TkTextNamedTag<TkTextTag
   def self.new(parent, name, *args)
-    tagobj = nil
-    TTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TTagID_TBL[parent.path] && TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-        tagobj = TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      else
-        # super(parent, name, *args)
-        (tagobj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @parent = @t = parent
-          @tpath = parent.path
-          @path = @id = name
-          TTagID_TBL[@id] = self
-          TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-          TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
-          @t._addtag @id, self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-
-    if args != []
-      keys = args.pop
-      if keys.kind_of?(Hash)
-        tagobj.add(*args) if args != []
-        tagobj.configure(keys)
-      else
-        args.push keys
-        tagobj.add(*args)
+    if TTagID_TBL[parent.path] && TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      tagobj = TTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      if args != []
+        keys = args.pop
+        if keys.kind_of?(Hash)
+          tagobj.add(*args) if args != []
+          tagobj.configure(keys)
+        else
+          args.push keys
+          tagobj.add(*args)
+        end
       end
+      return tagobj
+    else
+      super(parent, name, *args)
     end
-
-    tagobj
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, name, *args)
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Text for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkText)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkText for 1st argument"
     #end
     @parent = @t = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = name
-
+    TTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self unless TTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id]
     #if mode
     #  tk_call @t.path, "addtag", @id, *args
     #end
@@ -305,14 +268,12 @@ class TkTextNamedTag<TkTextTag
         add(*args)
       end
     end
-    @t._addtag @id, self
+    @t._addtag id, self
   end
 end
-TktNamedTag = TkTextNamedTag
 
 class TkTextTagSel<TkTextNamedTag
   def self.new(parent, *args)
     super(parent, 'sel', *args)
   end
 end
-TktTagSel = TkTextTagSel
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
index 004422e4f3..605c40addd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ require 'tk'
 require 'tk/text'
 
 class TkTextWindow<TkObject
-  include Tk::Text::IndexModMethods
+  include TkText::IndexModMethods
 
   def initialize(parent, index, keys = {})
-    #unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Text)
-    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect Tk::Text for 1st argument"
+    #unless parent.kind_of?(TkText)
+    #  fail ArgumentError, "expect TkText for 1st argument"
     #end
     @t = parent
     if index == 'end' || index == :end
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TkTextWindow<TkObject
   end
 
   def id
-    Tk::Text::IndexString.new(_epath(@id))
+    TkText::IndexString.new(_epath(@id))
   end
   def mark
     @path
@@ -72,9 +72,6 @@ class TkTextWindow<TkObject
   def cget(slot)
     @t.window_cget(@index, slot)
   end
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    @t.window_cget_strict(@index, slot)
-  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -150,5 +147,3 @@ class TkTextWindow<TkObject
     value
   end
 end
-
-TktWindow = TkTextWindow
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
index 91840d0575..47f2b79350 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
@@ -11,12 +11,7 @@ class TkTimer
 
   TkCommandNames = ['after'.freeze].freeze
 
-  (Tk_CBID = ['a'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
+  Tk_CBID = ['a'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
   Tk_CBTBL = {}.taint
 
   TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_after', 'id', <<-'EOL')
@@ -101,9 +96,9 @@ class TkTimer
       return self
     end
     @after_script = "rb_after #{@id}"
+    @after_id = tk_call_without_enc('after', sleep, @after_script)
     @current_args = args
     @current_script = [sleep, @after_script]
-    @after_id = tk_call_without_enc('after', sleep, @after_script)
     self
   end
 
@@ -111,8 +106,7 @@ class TkTimer
     if @running == false || @proc_max == 0 || @do_loop == 0
       Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
       @running = false
-      # @wait_var.value = 0
-      __at_end__
+      @wait_var.value = 0
       return
     end
     if @current_pos >= @proc_max
@@ -121,8 +115,7 @@ class TkTimer
       else
         Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
         @running = false
-        # @wait_var.value = 0
-        __at_end__
+        @wait_var.value = 0
         return
       end
     end
@@ -145,16 +138,12 @@ class TkTimer
   end
 
   def initialize(*args, &b)
-    Tk_CBID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @id = Tk_CBID.join('')
-      @id = Tk_CBID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk_CBID[1].succ!
-    }
+    # @id = Tk_CBID.join('')
+    @id = Tk_CBID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    Tk_CBID[1].succ!
 
     @wait_var = TkVariable.new(0)
 
-    @at_end_proc = nil
-
     @cb_cmd = TkCore::INTERP.get_cb_entry(self.method(:do_callback))
 
     @set_next = true
@@ -214,12 +203,6 @@ class TkTimer
 
   attr_accessor :loop_exec
 
-  def __at_end__
-    @at_end_proc.call(self) if @at_end_proc
-    @wait_var.value = 0  # for wait
-  end
-  private :__at_end__
-
   def cb_call
     @cb_cmd.call
   end
@@ -437,8 +420,7 @@ class TkTimer
 
   def cancel
     @running = false
-    # @wait_var.value = 0
-    __at_end__
+    @wait_var.value = 0
     tk_call 'after', 'cancel', @after_id if @after_id
     @after_id = nil
 
@@ -482,21 +464,6 @@ class TkTimer
     end
   end
 
-  def at_end(*arg, &b)
-    if arg.empty?
-      if b 
-        @at_end_proc = b
-      else 
-        # no proc
-        return @at_end_proc 
-      end
-    else
-      fail ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments" if arg.length != 1 || b
-      @at_end_proc = arg[0]
-    end
-    self
-  end
-
   def wait(on_thread = true, check_root = false)
     if $SAFE >= 4
       fail SecurityError, "can't wait timer at $SAFE >= 4"
@@ -595,8 +562,7 @@ class TkRTTimer < TkTimer
     if @running == false || @proc_max == 0 || @do_loop == 0
       Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
       @running = false
-      # @wait_var.value = 0
-      __at_end__
+      @wait_var.value = 0
       return
     end
     if @current_pos >= @proc_max
@@ -605,8 +571,7 @@ class TkRTTimer < TkTimer
       else
         Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
         @running = false
-        # @wait_var.value = 0
-        __at_end__
+        @wait_var.value = 0
         return
       end
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
index bd6e8307f5..5e199e1330 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ require 'tk'
 require 'tk/wm'
 require 'tk/menuspec'
 
-class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
+class TkToplevel<TkWindow
   include Wm
   include TkMenuSpec
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
 
     conf_methods = _symbolkey2str(__methodcall_optkeys())
 
-    keys.each{|k,v| # k is a String
+    keys.each{|k,v|
       if conf_methods.key?(k)
         wm_cmds[conf_methods[k]] = v
       elsif Wm.method_defined?(k)
@@ -117,10 +117,9 @@ class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
       end
       if @classname.kind_of? TkBindTag
         @db_class = @classname
-        keys['class'] = @classname = @classname.id
+        @classname = @classname.id
       elsif @classname
         @db_class = TkDatabaseClass.new(@classname)
-        keys['class'] = @classname
       else
         @db_class = self.class
         @classname = @db_class::WidgetClassName
@@ -166,10 +165,9 @@ class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
     end
     if @classname.kind_of? TkBindTag
       @db_class = @classname
-      keys['class'] = @classname = @classname.id
+      @classname = @classname.id
     elsif @classname
       @db_class = TkDatabaseClass.new(@classname)
-      keys['class'] = @classname
     else
       @db_class = self.class
       @classname = @db_class::WidgetClassName
@@ -257,6 +255,3 @@ class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
     end
   end
 end
-
-#TkToplevel = Tk::Toplevel unless Object.const_defined? :TkToplevel
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::Toplevel, :TkToplevel)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/ttk_selector.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/ttk_selector.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 72ed637a38..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/ttk_selector.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#
-#  ttk_selector
-#
-######################################
-#  toplevel classes/modules
-module Tk
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[:Ttk] = {
-    :TkButton       => 'tkextlib/tile/tbutton', 
-
-    :TkCheckbutton  => 'tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton', 
-    :TkCheckButton  => 'tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton', 
-
-    # :TkDialog       => 'tkextlib/tile/dialog', 
-
-    :TkEntry        => 'tkextlib/tile/tentry', 
-
-    :TkCombobox     => 'tkextlib/tile/tcombobox', 
-
-    :TkFrame        => 'tkextlib/tile/tframe', 
-
-    :TkLabel        => 'tkextlib/tile/tlabel', 
-
-    :TkLabelframe   => 'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe', 
-    :TkLabelFrame   => 'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe', 
-
-    :TkMenubutton   => 'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton', 
-    :TkMenuButton   => 'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton', 
-
-    :TkNotebook     => 'tkextlib/tile/tnotebook', 
-
-    # :TkPaned        => 'tkextlib/tile/tpaned', 
-    :TkPanedwindow  => 'tkextlib/tile/tpaned', 
-    :TkPanedWindow  => 'tkextlib/tile/tpaned', 
-
-    :TkProgressbar  => 'tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar', 
-
-    :TkRadiobutton  => 'tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton', 
-    :TkRadioButton  => 'tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton', 
-
-    :TkScale        => 'tkextlib/tile/tscale', 
-    # :TkProgress     => 'tkextlib/tile/tscale', 
-
-    :TkScrollbar    => 'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar', 
-    :TkXScrollbar   => 'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar', 
-    :TkYScrollbar   => 'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar', 
-
-    :TkSeparator    => 'tkextlib/tile/tseparator', 
-
-    :TkSizeGrip     => 'tkextlib/tile/sizegrip', 
-    :TkSizegrip     => 'tkextlib/tile/sizegrip', 
-
-    # :TkSquare       => 'tkextlib/tile/tsquare', 
-
-    :TkTreeview     => 'tkextlib/tile/treeview', 
-  }
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[:Tile] = @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[:Ttk]
-
-  ################################################
-  # register some Ttk widgets as default
-  # (Ttk is a standard library on Tcl/Tk8.5+)
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_TABLE[:Ttk].each{|sym, file|
-    unless Object.autoload?(sym) || Object.const_defined?(sym)
-      Object.autoload(sym, file)
-    end
-  }
-
-  ################################################
-
-  @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_SETUP_PROC[:Tile] = 
-    @TOPLEVEL_ALIAS_SETUP_PROC[:Ttk] = proc{|mod|
-    unless Tk.autoload?(:Tile) || Tk.const_defined?(:Tile) 
-      Object.autoload :Ttk, 'tkextlib/tile'
-      Tk.autoload :Tile, 'tkextlib/tile'
-    end
-  }
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
index 60bd433cdc..0c5b5c61b9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ module Tk
       key2class.each{|key, klass|
         if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
           cmd, *args = keys[key]
-          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
         # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) ||  keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
         elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
           keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
@@ -152,8 +151,7 @@ module Tk
       key2class.each{|key, klass|
         if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
           cmd, *args = keys[key]
-          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
         # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) || keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
         elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
           keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
@@ -251,24 +249,6 @@ class TkValidateCommand
       nil
     ]
 
-=begin
-    # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-    KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-      end
-      inf
-    }
-
-    PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-      if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-        inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-      end
-      inf
-    }
-=end
-
     _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
     #
@@ -297,7 +277,6 @@ class TkValidateCommand
     extra_args_tbl = klass._get_extra_args_tbl
 
     if args.compact.size > 0
-      args.map!{|arg| klass._sym2subst(arg)}
       args = args.join(' ')
       keys = klass._get_subst_key(args)
       if cmd.kind_of?(String)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/variable.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/variable.rb
index f738a96ee7..e5cacadc1a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/variable.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/variable.rb
@@ -16,22 +16,11 @@ class TkVariable
   #TkVar_ID_TBL = {}
   TkVar_CB_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
   TkVar_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-  (Tk_VARIABLE_ID = ["v".freeze, "00000".taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TkVar_CB_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TkVar_CB_TBL.clear }
-    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TkVar_ID_TBL.clear }
-  }
-
-  major, minor, type, type_name, patchlevel = TclTkLib.get_version
-  USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE = (major < 8) || (major == 8 && minor < 4)
+  Tk_VARIABLE_ID = ["v".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
 
   #TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args', 
   #     "ruby [format \"TkVariable.callback %%Q!%s!\" $args]")
-  TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args', <<-'EOL')
+TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_var', 'args', <<-'EOL')
     if {[set st [catch {eval {ruby_cmd TkVariable callback} $args} ret]] != 0} {
        set idx [string first "\n\n" $ret]
        if {$idx > 0} {
@@ -55,10 +44,10 @@ class TkVariable
   def TkVariable.callback(id, name1, name2, op)
     #name1,name2,op = tk_split_list(args)
     #name1,name2,op = tk_split_simplelist(args)
-    if cb_obj = TkVar_CB_TBL[id]
+    if TkVar_CB_TBL[id]
       #_get_eval_string(TkVar_CB_TBL[name1].trace_callback(name2,op))
       begin
-        _get_eval_string(cb_obj.trace_callback(name2, op))
+        _get_eval_string(TkVar_CB_TBL[id].trace_callback(name2, op))
       rescue SystemExit
         exit(0)
       rescue Interrupt
@@ -70,11 +59,7 @@ class TkVariable
                 "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
                 _toUTF8(e.backtrace.join("\n")) + 
                 "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------"
-          if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-            msg.force_encoding('utf-8')
-          else
-            msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
-          end
+          msg.instance_variable_set(:@encoding, 'utf-8')
         rescue Exception
           msg = e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" + 
                 "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
@@ -282,15 +267,11 @@ class TkVariable
   def initialize(val="", type=nil)
     # @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join('')
     begin
-      Tk_VARIABLE_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        Tk_VARIABLE_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      @id = Tk_VARIABLE_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      Tk_VARIABLE_ID[1].succ!
     end until INTERP._invoke_without_enc('info', 'globals', @id).empty?
 
-    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-    }
+    TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
 
     @var  = @id
     @elem = nil
@@ -1282,101 +1263,56 @@ end
     end
   end
 
-  def _check_trace_opt(opts)
-    if opts.kind_of?(Array)
-      opt_str = opts.map{|s| s.to_s}.join(' ')
-    else
-      opt_str = opts.to_s
-    end
-
-    fail ArgumentError, 'null trace option' if opt_str.empty?
-
-    if opt_str =~ /[^arwu\s]/
-      # new format (Tcl/Tk8.4+?)
-      if opts.kind_of?(Array)
-        opt_ary = opts.map{|opt| opt.to_s.strip}
-      else
-        opt_ary = opt_str.split(/\s+|\|/)
-        opt_ary.delete('')
-      end
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-        opt_ary.uniq.map{|opt|
-          case opt
-          when 'array'
-            'a'
-          when 'read'
-            'r'
-          when 'write'
-            'w'
-          when 'unset'
-            'u'
-          else
-            fail ArgumentError, "unsupported trace option '#{opt}' on Tcl/Tk#{Tk::TCL_PATCHLEVEL}"
-          end
-        }.join
-      else
-        opt_ary
-      end
-    else
-      # old format
-      opt_ary = opt_str.delete('^arwu').split(//).uniq
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-        opt_ary.join
-      else
-        opt_ary.map{|c|
-          case c
-          when 'a'
-            'array'
-          when 'r'
-            'read'
-          when 'w'
-            'write'
-          when 'u'
-            'unset'
-          end
-        }
-      end
-    end
-  end
-  private :_check_trace_opt
-
   def trace(opts, cmd = Proc.new)
-    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
-    (@trace_var ||= []).unshift([opts,cmd])
-
+    @trace_var = [] if @trace_var == nil
+    #opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
+    opts = opts.to_s
+    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
+    @trace_var.unshift([opts,cmd])
     if @trace_opts == nil
       TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
-      @trace_opts = opts
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-      else
+      @trace_opts = opts.dup
+      Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                             'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+      if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+        # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
         Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+      else
+        # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
       end
+=end
     else
       newopts = @trace_opts.dup
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-        opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-        if newopts != @trace_opts
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        end
-      else
-        newopts |= opts
-        unless (newopts - @trace_opts).empty?
+      #opts.each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+      opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
+      if newopts != @trace_opts
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+        if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+          # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
           @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+        else
+          # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
         end
+=end
       end
     end
-
     self
   end
 
@@ -1385,54 +1321,65 @@ end
       fail(RuntimeError, 
            "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
     end
-
-    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
-
-    ((@trace_elem ||= {})[elem] ||= []).unshift([opts,cmd])
-
+    @trace_elem = {} if @trace_elem == nil
+    @trace_elem[elem] = [] if @trace_elem[elem] == nil
+    opts = opts.to_s
+    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
+    @trace_elem[elem].unshift([opts,cmd])
     if @trace_opts == nil
       TkVar_CB_TBL[@id] = self
-      @trace_opts = opts
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
+      @trace_opts = opts.dup
+      Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                             'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+      if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+        # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
         Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
       else
+        # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
         Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
       end
+=end
     else
       newopts = @trace_opts.dup
-      if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-        opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-        if newopts != @trace_opts
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        end
-      else
-        newopts |= opts
-        unless (newopts - @trace_opts).empty?
+      # opts.each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+      opts.each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
+      if newopts != @trace_opts
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+        if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+          # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
           @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+        else
+          # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+          @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
         end
+=end
       end
     end
-
     self
   end
 
-  def trace_info
+  def trace_vinfo
     return [] unless @trace_var
     @trace_var.dup
   end
-  alias trace_vinfo trace_info
 
-  def trace_info_for_element(elem)
+  def _trace_vinfo_for_element(elem)
     if @elem
       fail(RuntimeError, 
            "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
@@ -1441,180 +1388,141 @@ end
     return [] unless @trace_elem[elem]
     @trace_elem[elem].dup
   end
-  alias trace_vinfo_for_element trace_info_for_element
 
-  def trace_remove(opts,cmd)
+  def trace_vdelete(opts,cmd)
     return self unless @trace_var.kind_of? Array
-
-    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
-
+    opts = opts.to_s
+    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
     idx = -1
-    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-      newopts = ''
-      @trace_var.each_with_index{|e, i|
-        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd
-          diff = false
-          ['a', 'r', 'w', 'u'].each{|c|
-            break if (diff = e[0].index(c) ^ opts.index(c))
-          }
-          unless diff
-            #find
-            idx = i
-            next
-          end
-        end
-        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-      }
-    else
-      newopts = []
-      @trace_var.each_with_index{|e, i|
-        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd && 
-            e[0].size == opts.size && (e[0] - opts).empty?
-          # find
-          idx = i
-          next
-        end
-        newopts |= e[0]
-      }
-    end
-
+    newopts = ''
+    @trace_var.each_with_index{|e,i| 
+      if idx < 0 && e[0] == opts && e[1] == cmd
+        idx = i
+        next
+      end
+      # e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+      e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
+    }
     if idx >= 0
       @trace_var.delete_at(idx) 
     else
       return self
     end
 
-    (@trace_elem ||= {}).each{|elem|
+    @trace_elem.each{|elem|
       @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
-        if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-        else
-          newopts |= e[0]
-        end
+        # e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
       }
     }
 
-    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-      diff = false
-      @trace_opts.each_byte{|c| break if (diff = ! newopts.index(c))}
-      if diff
+    newopts = newopts.to_s
+    newopts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| newopts.index(c)}.join('')
+    if newopts != @trace_opts
+      Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                             'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+      if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+        # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+      else
+        # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
         Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-        unless @trace_opts.empty?
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        end
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
       end
-    else
-      unless (@trace_opts - newopts).empty?
-        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+=end
+      @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+      if @trace_opts != ''
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+        if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+          # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+        else
+          # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
         end
+=end
       end
     end
 
     self
   end
-  alias trace_delete  trace_remove
-  alias trace_vdelete trace_remove
 
-  def trace_remove_for_element(elem,opts,cmd)
+  def trace_vdelete_for_element(elem,opts,cmd)
     if @elem
       fail(RuntimeError, 
            "invalid for a TkVariable which denotes an element of Tcl's array")
     end
     return self unless @trace_elem.kind_of? Hash
     return self unless @trace_elem[elem].kind_of? Array
-
-    opts = _check_trace_opt(opts)
-
+    opts = opts.to_s
+    opts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| opts.index(c)}.join('')
     idx = -1
-    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-      @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e, i|
-        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd
-          diff = false
-          ['a', 'r', 'w', 'u'].each{|c|
-            break if (diff = e[0].index(c) ^ opts.index(c))
-          }
-          unless diff
-            #find
-            idx = i
-            next
-          end
-        end
-      }
-    else
-      @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e, i|
-        if idx < 0 && e[1] == cmd && 
-            e[0].size == opts.size && (e[0] - opts).empty?
-          # find
-          idx = i
-          next
-        end
-      }
-    end
-
+    @trace_elem[elem].each_with_index{|e,i| 
+      if idx < 0 && e[0] == opts && e[1] == cmd
+        idx = i
+        next
+      end
+    }
     if idx >= 0
       @trace_elem[elem].delete_at(idx)
     else
       return self
     end
 
-    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-      newopts = ''
-      @trace_var.each{|e| 
-        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-      }
-      @trace_elem.each{|elem|
-        @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
-          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-        }
-      }
-    else
-      newopts = []
-      @trace_var.each{|e|
-        newopts |= e[0]
-      }
-      @trace_elem.each{|elem|
-        @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
-          e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c.chr)}
-        }
+    newopts = ''
+    @trace_var.each{|e| 
+      # e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+      e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
+    }
+    @trace_elem.each{|elem|
+      @trace_elem[elem].each{|e|
+        # e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts += c.chr unless newopts.index(c)}
+        e[0].each_byte{|c| newopts.concat(c.chr) unless newopts.index(c)}
       }
-    end
+    }
 
-    if USE_OLD_TRACE_OPTION_STYLE
-      diff = false
-      @trace_opts.each_byte{|c| break if (diff = ! newopts.index(c))}
-      if diff
+    newopts = newopts.to_s
+    newopts = ['r','w','u'].find_all{|c| newopts.index(c)}.join('')
+    if newopts != @trace_opts
+      Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                             'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+      if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+        # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+      else
+        # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
         Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'vdelete', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-        unless @trace_opts.empty?
-          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        end
+                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
       end
-    else
-      unless (@trace_opts - newopts).empty?
-        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'remove', 'variable', 
-                               @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
-        @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
-        unless @trace_opts.empty?
+=end
+      @trace_opts.replace(newopts)
+      if @trace_opts != ''
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, @trace_opts, 
+                               'rb_var ' << @id)
+=begin
+        if /^(8\.([4-9]|[1-9][0-9])|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION
+          # TCL_VERSION >= 8.4
           Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'add', 'variable', 
-                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var ' << @id)
+                                 @id, @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
+        else
+          # TCL_VERSION <= 8.3
+          Tk.tk_call_without_enc('trace', 'variable', @id, 
+                                 @trace_opts, 'rb_var')
         end
+=end
       end
     end
 
     self
   end
-  alias trace_delete_for_element  trace_remove_for_element
-  alias trace_vdelete_for_element trace_remove_for_element
 end
 
 class TkVarAccess<TkVariable
@@ -1624,23 +1532,12 @@ class TkVarAccess<TkVariable
       return name 
     end
 
-    name = name.to_s
-    v = nil
-    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-        v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
-        return v
-      else
-        (v = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @id = name
-          TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-          @var = @id
-        }
-      end
-    }
+    if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+      v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+      return v
+    end
 
-    v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, *args) }
-    v
+    super(name, *args)
   end
 
   def self.new_hash(name, *args)
@@ -1652,38 +1549,27 @@ class TkVarAccess<TkVariable
       return name 
     end
 
-    name = name.to_s
-    v = nil
-    TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-        unless v.is_hash?
-          fail ArgumentError, "already exist as a scalar variable"
-        end
-        v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
-        return v
-      else
-        (v = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @id = name
-          TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-          @var = @id
-        }
+    if v = TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+      unless v.is_hash?
+        fail ArgumentError, "already exist as a scalar variable"
       end
-    }
+      v.value = args[0] unless args.empty?
+      return v
+    end
 
     INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', name)
     if args.empty? && INTERP._invoke_without_enc('array', 'exist', name) == '0'
-      v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, {}) }  # force creating
+      self.new(name, {})  # force creating
     else
-      v.instance_eval{ initialize(name, *args) }
+      self.new(name, *args)
     end
-    v
   end
 
   def initialize(varname, val=nil)
-    # @id = varname
-    # TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
+    @id = varname
+    TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
 
-    # @var  = @id
+    @var  = @id
     @elem = nil
 
     @def_default = false
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/virtevent.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/virtevent.rb
index ae31ac1f8f..d47e80aecd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/virtevent.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/virtevent.rb
@@ -9,17 +9,10 @@ class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
 
   TkCommandNames = ['event'.freeze].freeze
 
-  (TkVirtualEventID = ["VirtEvent".freeze, "00000".taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
+  TkVirtualEventID = ["VirtEvent".freeze, "00000".taint].freeze
   TkVirtualEventTBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{ TkVirtualEventTBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TkVirtualEventTBL.clear }
 
   class PreDefVirtEvent<self
     def self.new(event, *sequences)
@@ -28,30 +21,22 @@ class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
       elsif event !~ /^<.*>$/
         event = '<' + event + '>'
       end
-      TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL.has_key?(event)
-          TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL[event]
-        else
-          # super(event, *sequences)
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(event, *sequences)
-            TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
-          }
-        end
-      }
+      if TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL.has_key?(event)
+        TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL[event]
+      else
+        super(event, *sequences)
+      end
     end
 
     def initialize(event, *sequences)
       @path = @id = event
-      _add_sequences(sequences)
+      TkVirtualEvent::TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
+      add(*sequences)
     end
   end
 
   def TkVirtualEvent.getobj(event)
-    obj = nil
-    TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      obj = TkVirtualEventTBL[event]
-    }
+    obj = TkVirtualEventTBL[event]
     if obj
       obj
     else
@@ -70,31 +55,19 @@ class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
   end
 
   def initialize(*sequences)
-    TkVirtualEventID.mutex.synchronize{
-      # @path = @id = '<' + TkVirtualEventID.join('') + '>'
-      @path = @id = '<' + TkVirtualEventID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_) + '>'
-      TkVirtualEventID[1].succ!
-    }
-    _add_sequences(sequences)
+    # @path = @id = '<' + TkVirtualEventID.join('') + '>'
+    @path = @id = '<' + TkVirtualEventID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_) + '>'
+    TkVirtualEventID[1].succ!
+    add(*sequences)
   end
 
-  def _add_sequences(seq_ary)
-    unless seq_ary.empty?
+  def add(*sequences)
+    if sequences != []
       tk_call_without_enc('event', 'add', "<#{@id}>", 
-                          *(seq_ary.collect{|seq| 
+                          *(sequences.collect{|seq| 
                               "<#{tk_event_sequence(seq)}>"
                             }) )
-    end
-    self
-  end
-  private :_add_sequences
-
-  def add(*sequences)
-    if sequences != []
-      _add_sequences(sequences)
-      TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
-      }
+      TkVirtualEventTBL[@id] = self
     end
     self
   end
@@ -102,26 +75,20 @@ class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
   def delete(*sequences)
     if sequences == []
       tk_call_without_enc('event', 'delete', "<#{@id}>")
-      TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id)
-      }
+      TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id)
     else
       tk_call_without_enc('event', 'delete', "<#{@id}>", 
                           *(sequences.collect{|seq| 
                               "<#{tk_event_sequence(seq)}>"
                             }) )
-      if tk_call_without_enc('event','info',"<#{@id}>").empty?
-        TkVirtualEventTBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id)
-        }
-      end
+      TkVirtualEventTBL.delete(@id) if info == []
     end
     self
   end
 
   def info
     tk_call_without_enc('event','info',"<#{@id}>").split(/\s+/).collect!{|seq|
-      lst = seq.scan(/<*[^<>]+>*/).collect!{|subseq|
+      l = seq.scan(/<*[^<>]+>*/).collect!{|subseq|
         case (subseq)
         when /^<<[^<>]+>>$/
           TkVirtualEvent.getobj(subseq[1..-2])
@@ -131,7 +98,7 @@ class TkVirtualEvent<TkObject
           subseq.split('')
         end
       }.flatten
-      (lst.size == 1) ? lst[0] : lst
+      (l.size == 1) ? l[0] : l
     }
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/winpkg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/winpkg.rb
index 89fb391c77..737fb959b5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/winpkg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/winpkg.rb
@@ -7,14 +7,9 @@
 #
 require 'tk'
 
-module Tk::WinDDE
-end
-#TkWinDDE = Tk::WinDDE
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::WinDDE, :TkWinDDE)
-
-module Tk::WinDDE
+module TkWinDDE
   extend Tk
-  extend Tk::WinDDE
+  extend TkWinDDE
 
   TkCommandNames = ['dde'.freeze].freeze
 
@@ -90,14 +85,9 @@ module Tk::WinDDE
                   :poke, :request, :services, :eval
 end
 
-module Tk::WinRegistry
-end
-#TkWinRegistry = Tk::WinRegistry
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Tk, Tk::WinRegistry, :TkWinRegistry)
-
-module Tk::WinRegistry
+module TkWinRegistry
   extend Tk
-  extend Tk::WinRegistry
+  extend TkWinRegistry
 
   TkCommandNames = ['registry'.freeze].freeze
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
index 0394296189..1f432a3848 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
@@ -5,407 +5,273 @@ require 'tk'
 
 module Tk
   module Wm
-    #include TkComm
-    extend TkCore
+    include TkComm
 
     TkCommandNames = ['wm'.freeze].freeze
 
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS = {}
 
-    def Wm.aspect(win, *args)
+    def aspect(*args)
       if args.length == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'aspect', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'aspect', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call('wm', 'aspect', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'aspect', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def aspect(*args)
-      Wm.aspect(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_aspect aspect
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['aspect'] = 'aspect'
 
-    def Wm.attributes(win, slot=nil,value=TkComm::None)
+    def attributes(slot=nil,value=None)
       if slot == nil
-        lst = tk_split_list(tk_call('wm', 'attributes', win.epath))
+        lst = tk_split_list(tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path))
         info = {}
         while key = lst.shift
           info[key[1..-1]] = lst.shift
         end
         info
       elsif slot.kind_of? Hash
-        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', win.epath, *hash_kv(slot))
-        win
-      elsif value == TkComm::None
-        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', win.epath, "-#{slot}")
+        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, *hash_kv(slot))
+        self
+      elsif value == None
+        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, "-#{slot}")
       else
-        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', win.epath, "-#{slot}", value)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'attributes', path, "-#{slot}", value)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def attributes(slot=nil,value=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.attributes(self, slot, value)
-    end
-    alias wm_attributes attributes
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['attributes'] = 'attributes'
 
-    def Wm.client(win, name=TkComm::None)
-      if name == TkComm::None
-        tk_call('wm', 'client', win.epath)
+    def client(name=None)
+      if name == None
+        tk_call('wm', 'client', path)
       else
         name = '' if name == nil
-        tk_call('wm', 'client', win.epath, name)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'client', path, name)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def client(name=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.client(self, name)
-    end
-    alias wm_client client
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['client'] = 'client'
 
-    def Wm.colormapwindows(win, *args)
+    def colormapwindows(*args)
       if args.size == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'colormapwindows', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'colormapwindows', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'colormapwindows', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'colormapwindows', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def colormapwindows(*args)
-      Wm.colormapwindows(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_colormapwindows colormapwindows
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['colormapwindows'] = 'colormapwindows'
 
-    def Wm.command(win, value=nil)
+    def wm_command(value=nil)
       if value
-        tk_call('wm', 'command', epath, value)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'command', path, value)
+        self
       else
-        #procedure(tk_call('wm', 'command', epath))
-        tk_call('wm', 'command', epath)
+        #procedure(tk_call('wm', 'command', path))
+        tk_call('wm', 'command', path)
       end
     end
-    def wm_command(value=nil)
-      Wm.command(self, value)
-    end
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['wm_command'] = 'wm_command'
 
-    def Wm.deiconify(win, ex = true)
+    def deiconify(ex = true)
       if ex
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'deiconify', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'deiconify', path)
       else
-        Wm.iconify(win)
+        self.iconify
       end
-      win
+      self
     end
-    def deiconify(ex = true)
-      Wm.deiconify(self, ex)
-    end
-    alias wm_deiconify deiconify
 
-    def Wm.focusmodel(win, mode = nil)
+    def focusmodel(mode = nil)
       if mode
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'focusmodel', win.epath, mode)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'focusmodel', path, mode)
+        self
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'focusmodel', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'focusmodel', path)
       end
     end
-    def focusmodel(mode = nil)
-      Wm.focusmodel(self, mode)
-    end
-    alias wm_focusmodel focusmodel
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['focusmodel'] = 'focusmodel'
 
-    def Wm.forget(win)
-      # Tcl/Tk 8.5+ 
-      # work with dockable frames
-      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'forget', win.epath)
-      win
-    end
-    def wm_forget
-      Wm.forget(self)
-    end
-
-    def Wm.frame(win)
-      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'frame', win.epath)
-    end
     def frame
-      Wm.frame(self)
+      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'frame', path)
     end
-    alias wm_frame frame
 
-    def Wm.geometry(win, geom=nil)
+    def geometry(geom=nil)
       if geom
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'geometry', win.epath, geom)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'geometry', path, geom)
+        self
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'geometry', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'geometry', path)
       end
     end
-    def geometry(geom=nil)
-      Wm.geometry(self, geom)
-    end
-    alias wm_geometry geometry
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['geometry'] = 'geometry'
 
-    def Wm.grid(win, *args)
+    def wm_grid(*args)
       if args.size == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'grid', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'grid', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'grid', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'grid', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def wm_grid(*args)
-      Wm.grid(self, *args)
-    end
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['wm_grid'] = 'wm_grid'
 
-    def Wm.group(win, leader = nil)
+    def group(leader = nil)
       if leader
-        tk_call('wm', 'group', win.epath, leader)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'group', path, leader)
+        self
       else
-        window(tk_call('wm', 'group', win.epath))
+        window(tk_call('wm', 'group', path))
       end
     end
-    def group(leader = nil)
-      Wm.group(self, leader)
-    end
-    alias wm_group group
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['group'] = 'group'
 
-    def Wm.iconbitmap(win, bmp=nil)
+    def iconbitmap(bmp=nil)
       if bmp
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconbitmap', win.epath, bmp)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconbitmap', path, bmp)
+        self
       else
-        image_obj(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconbitmap', win.epath))
+        image_obj(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconbitmap', path))
       end
     end
-    def iconbitmap(bmp=nil)
-      Wm.iconbitmap(self, bmp)
-    end
-    alias wm_iconbitmap iconbitmap
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconbitmap'] = 'iconbitmap'
 
-    def Wm.iconphoto(win, *imgs)
+    def iconphoto(*imgs)
       if imgs.empty?
-        win.instance_eval{
-          @wm_iconphoto = nil unless defined? @wm_iconphoto
-          return @wm_iconphoto 
-        }
+        @wm_iconphoto = nil unless defined? @wm_iconphoto
+        return @wm_iconphoto 
       end
 
       imgs = imgs[0] if imgs.length == 1 && imgs[0].kind_of?(Array)
-      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconphoto', win.epath, *imgs)
-      win.instance_eval{ @wm_iconphoto = imgs  }
-      win
-    end
-    def iconphoto(*imgs)
-      Wm.iconphoto(self, *imgs)
+      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconphoto', path, *imgs)
+      @wm_iconphoto = imgs
+      self
     end
-    alias wm_iconphoto iconphoto
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconphoto'] = 'iconphoto'
 
-    def Wm.iconphoto_default(win, *imgs)
-      imgs = imgs[0] if imgs.length == 1 && imgs[0].kind_of?(Array)
-      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconphoto', win.epath, '-default', *imgs)
-      win
-    end
     def iconphoto_default(*imgs)
-      Wm.iconphoto_default(self, *imgs)
+      imgs = imgs[0] if imgs.length == 1 && imgs[0].kind_of?(Array)
+      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconphoto', path, '-default', *imgs)
+      self
     end
-    alias wm_iconphoto_default iconphoto_default
 
-    def Wm.iconify(win, ex = true)
+    def iconify(ex = true)
       if ex
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconify', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconify', path)
       else
-        Wm.deiconify(win)
+        self.deiconify
       end
-      win
-    end
-    def iconify(ex = true)
-      Wm.iconify(self, ex)
+      self
     end
-    alias wm_iconify iconify
 
-    def Wm.iconmask(win, bmp=nil)
+    def iconmask(bmp=nil)
       if bmp
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconmask', win.epath, bmp)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconmask', path, bmp)
+        self
       else
-        image_obj(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconmask', win.epath))
+        image_obj(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconmask', path))
       end
     end
-    def iconmask(bmp=nil)
-      Wm.iconmask(self, bmp)
-    end
-    alias wm_iconmask iconmask
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconmask'] = 'iconmask'
 
-    def Wm.iconname(win, name=nil)
+    def iconname(name=nil)
       if name
-        tk_call('wm', 'iconname', win.epath, name)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'iconname', path, name)
+        self
       else
-        tk_call('wm', 'iconname', win.epath)
+        tk_call('wm', 'iconname', path)
       end
     end
-    def iconname(name=nil)
-      Wm.iconname(self, name)
-    end
-    alias wm_iconname iconname
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconname'] = 'iconname'
 
-    def Wm.iconposition(win, *args)
+    def iconposition(*args)
       if args.size == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconposition', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconposition', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconposition', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconposition', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def iconposition(*args)
-      Wm.iconposition(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_iconposition iconposition
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconposition'] = 'iconposition'
 
-    def Wm.iconwindow(win, iconwin = nil)
-      if iconwin
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconwindow', win.epath, iconwin)
-        win
+    def iconwindow(win = nil)
+      if win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconwindow', path, win)
+        self
       else
-        w = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconwindow', win.epath)
+        w = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'iconwindow', path)
         (w == '')? nil: window(w)
       end
     end
-    def iconwindow(iconwin = nil)
-      Wm.iconwindow(self, iconwin)
-    end
-    alias wm_iconwindow iconwindow
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['iconwindow'] = 'iconwindow'
 
-    def Wm.manage(win)
-      # Tcl/Tk 8.5+ feature
-      tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'manage', win.epath)
-      win
-    end
-    def wm_manage
-      Wm.manage(self)
-    end
-=begin
-    def Wm.manage(win, use_id = nil)
-      # Tcl/Tk 8.5+ feature
-      # --------------------------------------------------------------
-      # In the future release, I want to support to embed the 'win' 
-      # into the container which has window-id 'use-id'.
-      # It may give users frexibility on controlling their GUI. 
-      # However, it may be difficult for current Tcl/Tk (Tcl/Tk8.5.1), 
-      # because it seems to require to modify Tcl/Tk's source code.
-      # --------------------------------------------------------------
-      if use_id
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'manage', win.epath, '-use', use_id)
-      else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'manage', win.epath)
-      end
-      win
-    end
-=end
-
-    def Wm.maxsize(win, *args)
+    def maxsize(*args)
       if args.size == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'maxsize', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'maxsize', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'maxsize', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'maxsize', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def maxsize(*args)
-      Wm.maxsize(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_maxsize maxsize
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['maxsize'] = 'maxsize'
 
-    def Wm.minsize(win, *args)
+    def minsize(*args)
       if args.size == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'minsize', win.epath))
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'minsize', path))
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'minsize', win.path, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'minsize', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def minsize(*args)
-      Wm.minsize(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_minsize minsize
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['minsize'] = 'minsize'
 
-    def Wm.overrideredirect(win, mode=TkComm::None)
-      if mode == TkComm::None
-        bool(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'overrideredirect', win.epath))
+    def overrideredirect(mode=None)
+      if mode == None
+        bool(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'overrideredirect', path))
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'overrideredirect', win.epath, mode)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'overrideredirect', path, mode)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def overrideredirect(mode=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.overrideredirect(self, mode)
-    end
-    alias wm_overrideredirect overrideredirect
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['overrideredirect'] = 'overrideredirect'
 
-    def Wm.positionfrom(win, who=TkComm::None)
-      if who == TkComm::None
-        r = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'positionfrom', win.epath)
+    def positionfrom(who=None)
+      if who == None
+        r = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'positionfrom', path)
         (r == "")? nil: r
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'positionfrom', win.epath, who)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'positionfrom', path, who)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def positionfrom(who=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.positionfrom(self, who)
-    end
-    alias wm_positionfrom positionfrom
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['positionfrom'] = 'positionfrom'
 
-    def Wm.protocol(win, name=nil, cmd=nil, &b)
+    def protocol(name=nil, cmd=nil, &b)
       if cmd
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', win.epath, name, cmd)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', path, name, cmd)
+        self
       elsif b
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', win.epath, name, proc(&b))
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', path, name, proc(&b))
+        self
       elsif name
-        result = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', win.epath, name)
+        result = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', path, name)
         (result == "")? nil : tk_tcl2ruby(result)
       else
-        tk_split_simplelist(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', win.epath))
+        tk_split_simplelist(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'protocol', path))
       end
     end
-    def protocol(name=nil, cmd=nil, &b)
-      Wm.protocol(self, name, cmd, &b)
-    end
-    alias wm_protocol protocol
 
-    def Wm.protocols(win, kv=nil)
+    def protocols(kv=nil)
       unless kv
         ret = {}
-        Wm.protocol(win).each{|name|
-          ret[name] = Wm.protocol(win, name)
+        self.protocol.each{|name|
+          ret[name] = self.protocol(name)
         }
         return ret
       end
@@ -413,140 +279,82 @@ module Tk
       unless kv.kind_of?(Hash)
         fail ArgumentError, 'expect a hash of protocol=>command'
       end
-      kv.each{|k, v| Wm.protocol(win, k, v)}
-      win
+      kv.each{|k, v| self.protocol(k, v)}
+      self
     end
-    def protocols(kv=nil)
-      Wm.protocols(self, kv)
-    end
-    alias wm_protocols protocols
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['protocols'] = 'protocols'
 
-    def Wm.resizable(win, *args)
+    def resizable(*args)
       if args.length == 0
-        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'resizable', win.epath)).map!{|e| bool(e)}
+        list(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'resizable', path)).collect{|e| bool(e)}
       else
         args = args[0] if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'resizable', win.epath, *args)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'resizable', path, *args)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def resizable(*args)
-      Wm.resizable(self, *args)
-    end
-    alias wm_resizable resizable
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['resizable'] = 'resizable'
 
-    def Wm.sizefrom(win, who=TkComm::None)
-      if who == TkComm::None
-        r = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'sizefrom', win.epath)
+    def sizefrom(who=None)
+      if who == None
+        r = tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'sizefrom', path)
         (r == "")? nil: r
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'sizefrom', win.epath, who)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'sizefrom', path, who)
+        self
       end
     end
-    def sizefrom(who=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.sizefrom(self, who)
-    end
-    alias wm_sizefrom sizefrom
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['sizefrom'] = 'sizefrom'
 
-    def Wm.stackorder(win)
-      list(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', win.epath))
-    end
     def stackorder
-      Wm.stackorder(self)
+      list(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path))
     end
-    alias wm_stackorder stackorder
 
-    def Wm.stackorder_isabove(win, target)
-      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', win.epath, 'isabove', target))
-    end
-    def Wm.stackorder_is_above(win, target)
-      Wm.stackorder_isabove(win, target)
-    end
-    def stackorder_isabove(target)
-      Wm.stackorder_isabove(self, target)
+    def stackorder_isabove(win)
+      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path, 'isabove', win))
     end
-    alias stackorder_is_above stackorder_isabove
-    alias wm_stackorder_isabove stackorder_isabove
-    alias wm_stackorder_is_above stackorder_isabove
 
-    def Wm.stackorder_isbelow(win, target)
-      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', win.epath, 'isbelow', target))
+    def stackorder_isbelow(win)
+      bool(tk_call('wm', 'stackorder', path, 'isbelow', win))
     end
-    def Wm.stackorder_is_below(win, target)
-      Wm.stackorder_isbelow(win, target)
-    end
-    def stackorder_isbelow(target)
-      Wm.stackorder_isbelow(self, target)
-    end
-    alias stackorder_is_below stackorder_isbelow
-    alias wm_stackorder_isbelow stackorder_isbelow
-    alias wm_stackorder_is_below stackorder_isbelow
 
-    def Wm.state(win, st=nil)
+    def state(st=nil)
       if st
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'state', win.epath, st)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'state', path, st)
+        self
       else
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'state', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'state', path)
       end
     end
-    def state(st=nil)
-      Wm.state(self, st)
-    end
-    alias wm_state state
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['state'] = 'state'
 
-    def Wm.title(win, str=nil)
+    def title(str=nil)
       if str
-        tk_call('wm', 'title', win.epath, str)
-        win
+        tk_call('wm', 'title', path, str)
+        self
       else
-        tk_call('wm', 'title', win.epath)
+        tk_call('wm', 'title', path)
       end
     end
-    def title(str=nil)
-      Wm.title(self, str)
-    end
-    alias wm_title title
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['title'] = 'title'
 
-    def Wm.transient(win, master=nil)
+    def transient(master=nil)
       if master
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'transient', win.epath, master)
-        win
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'transient', path, master)
+        self
       else
-        window(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'transient', win.epath))
+        window(tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'transient', path))
       end
     end
-    def transient(master=nil)
-      Wm.transient(self, master)
-    end
-    alias wm_transient transient
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['transient'] = 'transient'
 
-    def Wm.withdraw(win, ex = true)
+    def withdraw(ex = true)
       if ex
-        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'withdraw', win.epath)
+        tk_call_without_enc('wm', 'withdraw', path)
       else
-        Wm.deiconify(win)
+        self.deiconify
       end
-      win
+      self
     end
-    def withdraw(ex = true)
-      Wm.withdraw(self, ex)
-    end
-    alias wm_withdraw withdraw
-  end
-
-  module Wm_for_General
-    Wm.instance_methods.each{|m|
-      if (m = m.to_s) =~ /^wm_(.*)$/
-        eval "def #{m}(*args, &b); Tk::Wm.#{$1}(self, *args, &b); end"
-      end
-    }
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS
index cfbe274c86..15925cba72 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ BLT          2.4z    http://sourceforge.net/projects/blt
 TkTreeCtrl   CVS/Hd(2005-12-02)
                      http://sourceforge.net/projects/tktreectrl  ==> treectrl
 
-Tile         0.8.0/8.5.1
+Tile         0.7.8
                      http://sourceforge.net/projects/tktable     ==> tile
 
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb
index 8d58c1f1bc..115eb927ba 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt.rb
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ module Tk
     PATCH_LEVEL = tk_call('set', 'blt_patchLevel')
 
     begin
-      lib = TkCore::INTERP._invoke('set', 'blt_library')
+      lib = INTERP._invoke('set', 'blt_library')
     rescue
       lib = ''
     end
     LIBRARY  = TkVarAccess.new('blt_library', lib)
 
     begin
-      lib = TkCore::INTERP._invoke('set', 'blt_libPath')
+      lib = INTERP._invoke('set', 'blt_libPath')
     rescue
       lib = ''
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/bitmap.rb
index 23c6d2d064..31cf8d4229 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/bitmap.rb
@@ -13,16 +13,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     TkCommandNames = ['::blt::bitmap'.freeze].freeze
 
     BITMAP_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-    (BITMAP_ID = ['blt_bitmap_id'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-      @mutex = Mutex.new
-      def mutex; @mutex; end
-      freeze
-    }
-
-    TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-      BITMAP_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ BITMAP_ID_TBL.clear }
-    }
+    BITMAP_ID = ['blt_bitmap_id'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
     def self.data(name)
       dat = tk_simple_list(tk_call('::blt::bitmap', 'data', name))
@@ -73,13 +64,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       if name
         @id = name
       else
-        BITMAP_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-          @id = BITMAP_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-          BITMAP_ID[1].succ!
-        }
-        BITMAP_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          BITMAP_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-        }
+        @id = BITMAP_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+        BITMAP_ID[1].succ!
+        BITMAP_ID_TBL[@id] = self
       end
 
       @path = @id
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/busy.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/busy.rb
index 2f807fcd9c..4726e466f4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/busy.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/busy.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     class Shield < TkWindow
       def self.shield_path(win)
         win = window(win) unless win.kind_of?(TkWindow)
-        if win.kind_of?(Tk::Toplevel)
+        if win.kind_of?(TkToplevel)
           win.path + '._Busy'
         else
           win.path + '_Busy'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
index b2005b2f2b..ad78a5430b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def axis_cget(id, option)
       ret = itemcget(['axis', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def axis_cget_strict(id, option)
-      ret = itemcget_strict(['axis', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def axis_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -121,9 +118,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def crosshairs_cget(option)
       itemcget('crosshairs', option)
     end
-    def crosshairs_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('crosshairs', option)
-    end
     def crosshairs_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('crosshairs', slot, value)
     end
@@ -137,9 +131,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def element_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['element', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def element_cget_strict(id, option)
-      itemcget_strict(['element', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def element_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -161,9 +152,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def bar_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['bar', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def bar_cget_strict(id, option)
-      itemcget_strict(['bar', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def bar_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -185,9 +173,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def line_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['line', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def line_cget_strict(id, option)
-      itemcget_strict(['line', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def line_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -209,9 +194,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def gridline_cget(option)
       itemcget('grid', option)
     end
-    def gridline_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('grid', option)
-    end
     def gridline_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('grid', slot, value)
     end
@@ -225,9 +207,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def legend_cget(option)
       itemcget('legend', option)
     end
-    def legend_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('legend', option)
-    end
     def legend_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('legend', slot, value)
     end
@@ -241,9 +220,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def pen_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['pen', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def pen_cget_strict(id, option)
-      itemcget_strict(['pen', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def pen_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -265,9 +241,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def postscript_cget(option)
       itemcget('postscript', option)
     end
-    def postscript_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('postscript', option)
-    end
     def postscript_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('postscript', slot, value)
     end
@@ -281,9 +254,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def marker_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['marker', tagid(id)], option)
     end
-    def marker_cget_strict(id, option)
-      itemcget_strict(['marker', tagid(id)], option)
-    end
     def marker_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -303,12 +273,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
     end
 
     alias __itemcget itemcget
-    alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
     alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
     private :__itemcget, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
-    def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
       ret = __itemcget(tagid(tagOrId), option)
       if option == 'bindtags' || option == :bindtags
         ret.collect{|tag| TkBindTag.id2obj(tag)}
@@ -316,27 +285,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
         ret
       end
     end
-    def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
-      unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-      else
-        begin
-          itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-        rescue => e
-          begin
-            if current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
-              # error on known option
-              fail e
-            else
-              # unknown option
-              nil
-            end
-          rescue
-            fail e  # tag error
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
     def itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
       ret = __itemconfiginfo(tagid(tagOrId), slot)
 
@@ -373,30 +321,19 @@ module Tk::BLT
       ret
     end
 
-    private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-    private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+    private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+    private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
     #################
 
     class Axis < TkObject
-      (OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_axis'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
-
-      AxisID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        AxisID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ AxisID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_axis'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.id2obj(chart, id)
         cpath = chart.path
-        AxisID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          return id unless AxisID_TBL[cpath]
-          AxisID_TBL[cpath][id]? AxisID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-        }
+        return id unless OBJ_TBL[cpath]
+        OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]? OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]: id
       end
 
       def self.new(chart, axis=nil, keys={})
@@ -404,48 +341,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
           keys = axis
           axis = nil
         end
-        if keys
-          keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-          not_create = keys.delete('without_creating')
-        else
-          not_create = false
-        end
-
-        obj = nil
-        AxisID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          chart_path = chart.path
-          AxisID_TBL[chart_path] ||= {}
-          if axis && AxisID_TBL[chart_path][axis]
-            obj = AxisID_TBL[chart_path][axis]
-          else
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              if axis
-                @axis = @id = axis.to_s
-              else
-                OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-                  @axis = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-                  OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-                }
-              end
-              @path = @id
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              Axis::AxisID_TBL[@cpath][@axis] = self
-              unless not_create
-                tk_call(@chart, 'axis', 'create', @axis, keys)
-                return obj
-              end
-            }
-          end
-        }
-
-        obj.configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        OBJ_TBL[chart.path] = {} unless OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path][axis] if axis && OBJ_TBL[chart.path][axis]
+        super(chart, axis, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, axis=nil, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         if axis.kind_of?(Hash)
           keys = axis
           axis = nil
@@ -453,15 +354,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
         if axis
           @axis = @id = axis.to_s
         else
-          OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            @axis = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-            OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-          }
+          @axis = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+          OBJ_ID[1].succ!
         end
         @path = @id
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        # Axis::AxisID_TBL[@cpath][@axis] = self
+        Axis::OBJ_TBL[@cpath][@axis] = self
         keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
         unless keys.delete('without_creating')
           # @chart.axis_create(@axis, keys)
@@ -480,9 +379,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.axis_cget(@id, option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.axis_cget_strict(@id, option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.axis_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -542,34 +438,17 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     class Crosshairs < TkObject
-      CrosshairsID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        CrosshairsID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ CrosshairsID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.new(chart, keys={})
-        obj = nil
-        CrosshairsID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          unless (obj = CrosshairsID_TBL[chart.path])
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              @path = @id = 'crosshairs'
-              Crosshairs::CrosshairsID_TBL[@cpath] = self
-            }
-          end
-        }
-        chart.crosshair_configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path] if OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        super(chart, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        # Crosshairs::CrosshairsID_TBL[@cpath] = self
+        Crosshairs::OBJ_TBL[@cpath] = self
         @chart.crosshair_configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
         @path = @id = 'crosshairs'
       end
@@ -585,9 +464,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.crosshair_cget(option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.crosshair_cget_strict(option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.crosshair_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -624,18 +500,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       ElementTypeName = 'element'
       ElementTypeToClass = { ElementTypeName=>self }
-
       ElementID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        ElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ ElementID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ ElementID_TBL.clear }
 
-      (OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_element'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
+      OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_element'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def Element.type2class(type)
         ElementTypeToClass[type]
@@ -643,10 +513,8 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def Element.id2obj(chart, id)
         cpath = chart.path
-        ElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          return id unless ElementID_TBL[cpath]
-          ElementID_TBL[cpath][id]? ElementID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-        }
+        return id unless OBJ_TBL[cpath]
+        OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]? OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]: id
       end
 
       def self.new(chart, element=nil, keys={})
@@ -654,49 +522,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
           keys = element
           element = nil
         end
-        if keys
-          keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-          not_create = keys.delete('without_creating')
-        else
-          not_create = false
+        OBJ_TBL[chart.path] = {} unless OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        if element && OBJ_TBL[chart.path][element]
+          return OBJ_TBL[chart.path][element]
         end
-
-        obj = nil
-        ElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          chart_path = chart.path
-          ElementID_TBL[chart_path] ||= {}
-          if element && ElementID_TBL[chart_path][element]
-            obj = ElementID_TBL[chart_path][element]
-          else
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              if element
-                @element = @id = element.to_s
-              else
-                OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-                  @element = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-                  OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-                }
-              end
-              @path = @id
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              @typename = self.class::ElementTypeName
-              Element::ElementID_TBL[@cpath][@element] = self
-              unless not_create
-                tk_call(@chart, @typename, 'create', @element, keys)
-                return obj
-              end
-            }
-          end
-        }
-
-        obj.configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        super(chart, element, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, element=nil, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         if element.kind_of?(Hash)
           keys = element
           element = nil
@@ -704,16 +537,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
         if element
           @element = @id = element.to_s
         else
-          OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            @element = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-            OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-          }
+          @element = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+          OBJ_ID[1].succ!
         end
         @path = @id
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
         @typename = self.class::ElementTypeName
-        # Element::ElementID_TBL[@cpath][@element] = self
+        Element::OBJ_TBL[@cpath][@element] = self
         keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
         unless keys.delete('without_creating')
           # @chart.element_create(@element, keys)
@@ -733,9 +564,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
         # @chart.element_cget(@id, option)
         @chart.__send__(@typename + '_cget', @id, option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.__send__(@typename + '_cget_strict', @id, option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         # @chart.element_configure(@id, key, value)
         @chart.__send__(@typename + '_configure', @id, key, value)
@@ -794,33 +622,17 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     class GridLine < TkObject
-      GridLineID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        GridLineID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ GridLineID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.new(chart, keys={})
-        obj = nil
-        GridLineID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          unless (obj = GridLineID_TBL[chart.path])
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              @path = @id = 'grid'
-              GridLine::GridLineID_TBL[@cpath] = self
-            }
-          end
-        }
-        chart.gridline_configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path] if OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        super(chart, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        # GridLine::GridLineID_TBL[@cpath] = self
+        GridLine::OBJ_TBL[@cpath] = self
         @chart.gridline_configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
         @path = @id = 'grid'
       end
@@ -836,9 +648,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.gridline_cget(option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.gridline_cget_strict(option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.gridline_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -867,35 +676,18 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     class Legend < TkObject
-      LegendID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        LegendID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ LegendID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.new(chart, keys={})
-        obj = nil
-        LegenedID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          unless (obj = LegenedID_TBL[chart.path])
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              @path = @id = 'crosshairs'
-              Legend::LegenedID_TBL[@cpath] = self
-            }
-          end
-        }
-        chart.legend_configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path] if OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        super(chart, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        # Legend::LegendID_TBL[@cpath] = self
-        @chart.legend_configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
+        Crosshairs::OBJ_TBL[@cpath] = self
+        @chart.crosshair_configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
         @path = @id = 'legend'
       end
 
@@ -910,9 +702,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.legend_cget(option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.legend_cget_strict(option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.legend_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -940,24 +729,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     class Pen < TkObject
-      (OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_pen'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
-
-      PenID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        PenID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ PenID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_ID = ['blt_chart_pen'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.id2obj(chart, id)
         cpath = chart.path
-        PenID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          return id unless PenID_TBL[cpath]
-          PenID_TBL[cpath][id]? PenID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-        }
+        return id unless OBJ_TBL[cpath]
+        OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]? OBJ_TBL[cpath][id]: id
       end
 
       def self.new(chart, pen=nil, keys={})
@@ -965,43 +743,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
           keys = pen
           pen = nil
         end
-        if keys
-          keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-          not_create = keys.delete('without_creating')
-        else
-          not_create = false
-        end
-
-        obj = nil
-        PenID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          chart_path = chart.path
-          PenID_TBL[chart_path] ||= {}
-          if pen && PenID_TBL[chart_path][pen]
-            obj = PenID_TBL[chart_path][pen]
-          else
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              if pen
-                @pen = @id = pen.to_s
-              else
-                OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-                  @pen = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-                  OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-                }
-              end
-              @path = @id
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              Pen::PenID_TBL[@cpath][@pen] = self
-              unless not_create
-                tk_call(@chart, 'pen', 'create', @pen, keys)
-                return obj
-              end
-            }
-          end
-        }
-
-        obj.configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        OBJ_TBL[chart.path] = {} unless OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path][pen] if pen && OBJ_TBL[chart.path][pen]
+        super(chart, pen, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, pen=nil, keys={})
@@ -1012,15 +756,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
         if pen
           @pen = @id = pen.to_s
         else
-          OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            @pen = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-            OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-          }
+          @pen = @id = OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+          OBJ_ID[1].succ!
         end
         @path = @id
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        Pen::PenID_TBL[@cpath][@pen] = self
+        Pen::OBJ_TBL[@cpath][@pen] = self
         keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
         unless keys.delete('without_creating')
           # @chart.pen_create(@pen, keys)
@@ -1039,9 +781,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.pen_cget(@id, option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.pen_cget_strict(@id, option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.pen_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -1066,34 +805,17 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     class Postscript < TkObject
-      PostscriptID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        PostscriptID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ PostscriptID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      OBJ_TBL={}
 
       def self.new(chart, keys={})
-        obj = nil
-        PostscriptID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          unless (obj = PostscriptID_TBL[chart.path])
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              @parent = @chart = chart
-              @cpath = @chart.path
-              @path = @id = 'postscript'
-              Postscript::PostscriptID_TBL[@cpath] = self
-            }
-          end
-        }
-        chart.postscript_configure(keys) if obj && ! keys.empty?
-        obj
+        return OBJ_TBL[chart.path] if OBJ_TBL[chart.path]
+        super(chart, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(chart, keys={})
-        # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
-
         @parent = @chart = chart
         @cpath = @chart.path
-        # Postscript::PostscriptID_TBL[@cpath] = self
+        Postscript::OBJ_TBL[@cpath] = self
         @chart.postscript_configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
         @path = @id = 'postscript'
       end
@@ -1109,9 +831,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.postscript_cget(option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.postscript_cget_strict(option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.postscript_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -1151,9 +870,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
       MarkerTypeToClass = {}
       MarkerID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        MarkerID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ MarkerID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ MarkerID_TBL.clear }
 
       def Marker.type2class(type)
         MarkerTypeToClass[type]
@@ -1161,13 +878,8 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def Marker.id2obj(chart, id)
         cpath = chart.path
-        MarkerID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if MarkerID_TBL[cpath]
-            MarkerID_TBL[cpath][id]? MarkerID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
-          else
-            id
-          end
-        }
+        return id unless MarkerID_TBL[cpath]
+        MarkerID_TBL[cpath][id]? MarkerID_TBL[cpath][id]: id
       end
 
       def self._parse_create_args(keys)
@@ -1190,13 +902,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
             fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
           }
 
-          __item_optkey_aliases(nil).each{|alias_name, real_name|
-            alias_name = alias_name.to_s
-            if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
-              keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
-            end
-          }
-
           __item_methodcall_optkeys(nil).each{|key|
             key = key.to_s
             methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
@@ -1238,10 +943,10 @@ module Tk::BLT
           @parent = @chart = chart
           @cpath = chart.path
           @id = id
-          Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath] ||= {}
-            Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-          }
+          unless Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath]
+            Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath] = {}
+          end
+          Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
         }
         obj
       end
@@ -1251,10 +956,10 @@ module Tk::BLT
         @cpath = parent.path
 
         @path = @id = create_self(*args) # an integer number as 'item id'
-        Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath] ||= {}
-          Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
-        }
+        unless Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath]
+          Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath] = {}
+        end
+        Tk::BLT::PlotComponent::Marker::MarkerID_TBL[@cpath][@id] = self
       end
       def create_self(*args)
         self.class.create(@chart, *args) # return an integer as 'item id'
@@ -1272,9 +977,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.marker_cget(@id, option)
       end
-      def cget_strict(option)
-        @chart.marker_cget_strict(@id, option)
-      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.marker_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -1335,14 +1037,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
     #################
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Axis::AxisID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Crosshairs::CrosshairsID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Element::ElementID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      GridLine::GridLineID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Legend::LegendID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Pen::PenID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Postscript::PostscriptID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      Marker::MarkerID_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Axis::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Crosshairs::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Element::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      GridLine::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Legend::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Pen::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Postscript::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Marker::OBJ_TBL.delete(@path)
       super()
     end
 
@@ -1857,9 +1559,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def xaxis_cget(option)
       itemcget('xaxis', option)
     end
-    def xaxis_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('xaxis', option)
-    end
     def xaxis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -1929,9 +1628,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def x2axis_cget(option)
       itemcget('x2axis', option)
     end
-    def x2axis_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('x2axis', option)
-    end
     def x2axis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -2001,9 +1697,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def yaxis_cget(option)
       itemcget('yaxis', option)
     end
-    def yaxis_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('yaxis', option)
-    end
     def yaxis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -2073,9 +1766,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def y2axis_cget(option)
       itemcget('y2axis', option)
     end
-    def y2axis_cget_strict(option)
-      itemcget_strict('y2axis', option)
-    end
     def y2axis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
index 201548504a..68fb9e591a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
@@ -81,24 +81,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
           nil
         ]
 
-=begin
-        # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-        KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-          if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-            inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-            inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-          end
-          inf
-        }
-
-        PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-          if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-            inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          end
-          inf
-        }
-=end
-
         _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
 
         def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -125,24 +107,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
           nil
         ]
 
-=begin
-        # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-        KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-          if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-            inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-            inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-          end
-          inf
-        }
-
-        PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-          if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-            inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          end
-          inf
-        }
-=end
-
         _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
 
         def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -181,24 +145,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
     end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/eps.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/eps.rb
index 0dba87a7cc..586a42470c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/eps.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/eps.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
   end
 end
 
-class Tk::Canvas
+class TkCanvas
   alias __BLT_EPS_item_strval_optkeys __item_strval_optkeys
   def __item_strval_optkeys(id)
     __BLT_EPS_item_strval_optkeys(id) + [
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
index 0d9cb30185..a0cf3dc036 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
     alias window_cget itemcget
-    alias window_cget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias window_configure itemconfigure
     alias window_configuinfo itemconfiginfo
     alias current_window_configuinfo current_itemconfiginfo
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
index dfa10269ed..0be9d8d42a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
@@ -29,9 +29,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def blt_table_cget(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.cget(self, *args)
       end
-      def blt_table_cget_strict(*args)
-        Tk::BLT::Table.cget_strict(self, *args)
-      end
 
       def blt_table_configure(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.configure(self, *args)
@@ -95,9 +92,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def blt_table_itemcget(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.itemcget(self, *args)
       end
-      def blt_table_itemcget_strict(*args)
-        Tk::BLT::Table.itemcget_strict(self, *args)
-      end
 
       def blt_table_itemconfigure(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.itemconfigure(self, *args)
@@ -142,13 +136,12 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   private :__item_pathname
 
   alias __itemcget itemcget
-  alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias __itemconfigure itemconfigure
   alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :__itemcget, :__itemcget_strict
-  private :__itemconfigure, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :__itemcget, :__itemconfigure
+  private :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
   def __boolval_optkeys
     super() << 'propagate'
@@ -183,9 +176,6 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   def cget(container, option)
     __itemcget([container], option)
   end
-  def cget_strict(container, option)
-    __itemcget_strict([container], option)
-  end
 
   def configure(container, *args)
     __itemconfigure([container], *args)
@@ -202,9 +192,6 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   def itemcget(container, item, option)
     __itemcget([container, tagid(item)], option)
   end
-  def itemcget_strict(container, item, option)
-    __itemcget_strict([container, tagid(item)], option)
-  end
 
   def itemconfigure(container, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
index ca81ad8f95..c26b6ee001 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
@@ -12,26 +12,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
       include TkTreatItemFont
 
       TabID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+      TabsetTab_ID = ['blt_tabset_tab'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-      (TabsetTab_ID = ['blt_tabset_tab'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TabID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TabID_TBL.clear }
 
       def self.id2obj(tabset, id)
         tpath = tabset.path
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TabID_TBL[tpath]
-            TabID_TBL[tpath][id]? TabID_TBL[tpath]: id
-          else
-            id
-          end
-        }
+        return id unless TabID_TBL[tpath]
+        TabID_TBL[tpath][id]? TabID_TBL[tpath]: id
       end
 
       def self.new(parent, pos=nil, name=nil, keys={})
@@ -44,20 +32,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
           keys = name
           name = nil
         end
-        obj = nil
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if name && TabID_TBL[parent.path] && TabID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-            obj = TabID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-            obj.configure if keys && ! keys.empty?
-          else
-            (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-              initialize(parent, pos, name, keys)
-              TabID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TabID_TBL[@tpath]
-              TabID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-            }
-          end
-        }
-        obj
+
+        if name && TabID_TBL[parent.path] && TabID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+          TabID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+        else
+          super(parent, pos, name, keys)
+        end
       end
 
       def initialize(parent, pos, name, keys)
@@ -65,6 +45,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
         @tpath = parent.path
         if name
           @path = @id = name
+          TabID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TabID_TBL[@tpath]
+          TabID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+
           unless (list(tk_call(@tpath, 'tab', 'names', @id)).empty?)
             if pos
               idx = tk_call(@tpath, 'index', '-name', @id)
@@ -75,18 +58,18 @@ module Tk::BLT
               end
             end
             tk_call(@tpath, 'tab', 'configure', @id, keys)
-          else
-            pos = 'end' unless pos
-            tk_call(@tpath, 'insert', pos, @id, keys)
+            return
           end
+
         else
-          TabsetTab_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            @path = @id = TabsetTab_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-            TabsetTab_ID[1].succ!
-          }
-          pos = 'end' unless pos
-          tk_call(@tpath, 'insert', pos, @id, keys)
+          @path = @id = TabsetTab_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+          TabID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TabID_TBL[@tpath]
+          TabID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+          TabsetTab_ID[1].succ!
         end
+
+        pos = 'end' unless pos
+        tk_call(@tpath, 'insert', pos, @id, keys)
       end
 
       #def bind(context, cmd=Proc.new, *args)
@@ -128,9 +111,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(*args)
         @t.tab_cget(@id, *args)
       end
-      def cget_strict(*args)
-        @t.tab_cget_strict(@id, *args)
-      end
       def configure(*args)
         @t.tab_configure(@id, *args)
       end
@@ -143,9 +123,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def delete()
         @t.delete(@id)
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TabID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id)
-        }
+        TabID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id)
         self
       end
 
@@ -206,9 +184,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Tk::BLT::Tabset::Tab::TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::BLT::Tabset::Tab::TabID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
+      Tk::BLT::Tabset::Tab::TabID_TBL.delete(@path)
     end
 
     ########################################
@@ -243,7 +219,6 @@ module Tk::BLT
     private :__item_pathname
 
     alias tab_cget itemcget
-    alias tab_cget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias tab_configure itemconfigure
     alias tab_configinfo itemconfiginfo
     alias current_tab_configinfo current_itemconfiginfo
@@ -316,15 +291,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def delete(first, last=None)
       tk_send('delete', tagindex(first), tagindex(last))
       if first.kind_of?(Tk::BLT::Tabset::Tab)
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TabID_TBL[@path].delete(first.id)
-        }
+        TabID_TBL[@path].delete(first.id)
       end
       # middle tabs of the range are unknown
       if last.kind_of?(Tk::BLT::Tabset::Tab)
-        TabID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TabID_TBL[@path].delete(last.id)
-        }
+        TabID_TBL[@path].delete(last.id)
       end
       self
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
index 670265fc78..39495842b4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
@@ -30,14 +30,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
       end
       private :__item_config_cmd
 
-      private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-      private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+      private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+      private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
       def cget(master, option)
-        itemcget(master, option)
-      end
-      def cget_strict(master, option)
-        itemcget_strict(master, option)
+        itemconfigure(master, slot, value)
       end
       def configure(master, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(master, slot, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/button.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/button.rb
index 2e0863cfbe..dd715c8b98 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/button.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class Button < Tk::Button
+    class Button < TkButton
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::button'.freeze].freeze
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/checkbutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/checkbutton.rb
index da230b5925..ad58999d86 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/checkbutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/checkbutton.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class CheckButton < Tk::CheckButton
+    class CheckButton < TkCheckButton
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::checkbutton'.freeze].freeze
     end
     Checkbutton = CheckButton
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/frame.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/frame.rb
index 5434af4b72..10469fd35f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/frame.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/frame.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class Frame < Tk::Frame
+    class Frame < TkFrame
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::frame'.freeze].freeze
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/label.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/label.rb
index f370c1403b..ec67babd58 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/label.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class Label < Tk::Label
+    class Label < TkLabel
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::label'.freeze].freeze
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/radiobutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/radiobutton.rb
index 814f9a5cc4..2316923b19 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/radiobutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/radiobutton.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class RadioButton < Tk::RadioButton
+    class RadioButton < TkRadioButton
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::radiobutton'.freeze].freeze
     end
     Radiobutton = RadioButton
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/scrollbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/scrollbar.rb
index 2ae871d518..ba3bf316f0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/scrollbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/scrollbar.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class Scrollbar < Tk::Scrollbar
+    class Scrollbar < TkScrollbar
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::scrollbar'.freeze].freeze
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/toplevel.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/toplevel.rb
index 76d5f86b1b..6cc2c91415 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/toplevel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tile/toplevel.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/blt/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk::BLT
   module Tile
-    class Toplevel < Tk::Toplevel
+    class Toplevel < TkToplevel
       TkCommandNames = ['::blt::tile::toplevel'.freeze].freeze
     end
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb
index 77b85f1717..07dc7ef7e8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tree.rb
@@ -12,77 +12,53 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
     ###################################
 
-    class Node < TkObject
+   class Node < TkObject
       TreeNodeID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TreeNodeID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TreeNodeID_TBL.clear }
 
       def self.id2obj(tree, id)
         tpath = tree.path
-        TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath]
-            if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
-              TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
-            else
-              begin
-                # self.new(tree, nil, 'node'=>Integer(id))
-                id = Integer(id)
-                if bool(tk_call(@tpath, 'exists', id))
-                  (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                    @parent = @tree = tree
-                    @tpath = tpath
-                    @path = @id = id
-                    TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath]
-                    TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-                  }
-                  obj
-                else
-                  id
-                end
-              rescue
-                id
-              end
-            end
-          else
+        return id unless TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath]
+        if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
+          TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
+        else
+          begin
+            self.new(tree, nil, 'node'=>Integer(id))
+          rescue
             id
           end
-        }
+        end
       end
 
       def self.new(tree, parent, keys={})
         keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
         tpath = tree.path
 
-        TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath] ||= {}
-          if (id = keys['node']) && (obj = TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id])
-            keys.delete('node')
-            tk_call(tree.path, 'move', id, parent, keys) if parent
-            return obj
-          end
+        if (id = keys['node']) && (obj = TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id])
+          keys.delete('node')
+          tk_call(tree.path, 'move', id, parent, keys) if parent
+          return obj
+        end
 
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(tree, parent, keys)
-            TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][@id] = self
-          }
-          obj
-        }
+        super(tree, parent, keys)
       end
 
       def initialize(tree, parent, keys={})
         @parent = @tree = tree
         @tpath = @parent.path
 
+        parent = tk_call(@tpath, 'root') unless parent
+
         if (id = keys['node']) && bool(tk_call(@tpath, 'exists', id))
           @path = @id = id
           keys.delete('node')
           tk_call(@tpath, 'move', @id, parent, keys) if parent
         else
-          parent = tk_call(@tpath, 'root') unless parent
           @path = @id = tk_call(@tpath, 'insert', parent, keys)
         end
+
+        TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath]
+        TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
       end
 
       def id
@@ -267,42 +243,17 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
     class Tag < TkObject
       TreeTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TreeTagID_TBL.clear }
-      }
-
-      (TreeTag_ID = ['blt_tree_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TreeTagID_TBL.clear }
+      TreeTag_ID = ['blt_tree_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
       def self.id2obj(tree, id)
         tpath = tree.path
-        TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath]
-            if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
-              TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
-            else
-              begin
-                # self.new(tree, id)
-                (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                  @parent = @tree = tree
-                  @tpath = @parent.path
-                  @path = @id = id.dup.freeze if id
-                  TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-                  TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-                }
-                obj
-              rescue
-                id
-              end
-            end
-          else
-            id
-          end
-        }
+        return id unless TreeTagID_TBL[tpath]
+        if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
+          TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
+        else
+          self.new(tree, id)
+        end
       end
 
       def initialize(tree, tag_str = nil)
@@ -312,15 +263,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
         if tag_str
           @path = @id = tag_str.dup.freeze
         else
-          TreeTag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            @path = @id = TreeTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-            TreeTag_ID[1].succ!
-          }
+          @path = @id = TreeTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+          TreeTagID_TBL[@id] = self
+          TreeTag_ID[1].succ!
         end
-        TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-          TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-        }
+        TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+        TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
       end
 
       def id
@@ -339,9 +287,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def forget()
         tk_call(@tpath, 'tag', 'forget', @id)
-        TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id)
-        }
+        TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id)
         self
       end
 
@@ -366,63 +312,44 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
     class Notify < TkObject
       NotifyID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ NotifyID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ NotifyID_TBL.clear }
 
       def self.id2obj(tree, id)
         tpath = tree.path
-        NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if NotifyID_TBL[tpath]
-            if NotifyID_TBL[tpath][id]
-              NotifyID_TBL[tpath][id]
-            else
-              (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                @parent = @tree = tree
-                @tpath = @parent.path
-                @path = @id = id
-                NotifyID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-                NotifyID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-              }
-              obj
-            end
-          else
-            return id
+        return id unless NotifyID_TBL[tpath]
+        if NotifyID_TBL[tpath][id]
+          NotifyID_TBL[tpath][id]
+        else
+          begin
+            self.new([tree, id])
+          rescue
+            id
           end
-        }
+        end
       end
 
       def self.new(tree, *args, &b)
-        NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if tree.kind_of?(Array)
-            # not create
-            tpath = tree[0].path            
-            NotifyID_TBL[tpath] ||= {}
-            unless (obj = NotifyID_TBL[tpath][tree[1]])
-              (NotifyID_TBL[tpath][tree[1]] = 
-                 obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                @parent = @tree = tree[0]
-                @tpath = @parent.path
-                @path = @id = tree[1]
-              }
-            end
+        if tree.kind_of?(Array)
+          # not create
+          if obj = NotifyID_TBL[tree[0].path][tree[1]]
             return obj
+          else
+            return super(false, tree[0], tree[1])
           end
+        end
 
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(tree, *args, &b)
-            NotifyID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-            NotifyID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-          }
-          return obj
-        }
+        super(true, tree, *args, &b)
       end
 
-      def initialize(tree, *args, &b)
+      def initialize(create, tree, *args, &b)
         @parent = @tree = tree
         @tpath = @parent.path
 
+        unless create
+          @path = @id = args[0]
+          return
+        end
+
         # if args[0].kind_of?(Proc) || args[0].kind_of?(Method)
         if TkComm._callback_entry?(args[0])
           cmd = args.shift
@@ -451,9 +378,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def delete()
         tk_call(@tpath, 'notify', 'delete', @id)
-        NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          NotifyID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id)
-        }
+        NotifyID_TBL[tpath].delete(@id)
         self
       end
 
@@ -470,69 +395,44 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
     class Trace < TkObject
       TraceID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TraceID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TraceID_TBL.clear }
 
       def self.id2obj(tree, id)
         tpath = tree.path
-        TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if TraceID_TBL[tpath]
-            if TraceID_TBL[tpath][id]
-              TraceID_TBL[tpath][id]
-            else
-              begin
-                # self.new([tree, id])
-                (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                  @parent = @tree = tree
-                  @tpath = @parent.path
-                  @path = @id = node  # == traceID
-                  TraceID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-                  TraceID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-                }
-                obj
-              rescue
-                id
-              end
-            end
-          else
+        return id unless TraceID_TBL[tpath]
+        if TraceID_TBL[tpath][id]
+          TraceID_TBL[tpath][id]
+        else
+          begin
+            self.new([tree, id])
+          rescue
             id
           end
-        }
+        end
       end
 
       def self.new(tree, *args, &b)
-        TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if tree.kind_of?(Array)
-            # not create
-            tpath = tree[0].path
-            TraceID_TBL[tpath] ||= {}
-            unless (obj = TraceID_TBL[tpath][tree[1]])
-              (TraceID_TBL[tpath][tree[1]] = 
-                 obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                @parent = @tree = tree
-                @tpath = @parent.path
-                @path = @id = tree[1]  # == traceID
-              }
-            end
+        if tree.kind_of?(Array)
+          # not create
+          if obj = TraceID_TBL[tree[0].path][tree[1]]
             return obj
+          else
+            return super(false, tree[0], tree[1])
           end
+        end
 
-          # super(true, tree, *args, &b)
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(tree, *args, &b)
-            TraceID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-            TraceID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-          }
-          return obj
-        }
+        super(true, tree, *args, &b)
       end
 
-      def initialize(tree, node, key, opts, cmd=nil, &b)
+      def initialize(create, tree, node, key, opts, cmd=nil, &b)
         @parent = @tree = tree
         @tpath = @parent.path
 
+        unless create
+          @path = @id = node  # == traceID
+          return
+        end
+
         if !cmd
           if b
             cmd = Proc.new(&b)
@@ -559,9 +459,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
       def delete()
         tk_call(@tpath, 'trace', 'delete', @id)
-        TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          TraceID_TBL[tpath].delete(@id)
-        }
+        TraceID_TBL[tpath].delete(@id)
         self
       end
 
@@ -577,12 +475,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     ###################################
 
     TreeID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-    (Tree_ID = ['blt_tree'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-      @mutex = Mutex.new
-      def mutex; @mutex; end
-      freeze
-    }
+    Tree_ID = ['blt_tree'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
     def __keyonly_optkeys
       {
@@ -605,9 +498,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     end
 
     def self.id2obj(id)
-      TreeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TreeID_TBL[id]? TreeID_TBL[id]: id
-      }
+      TreeID_TBL[id]? TreeID_TBL[id]: id
     end
 
     def self.names(pat = None)
@@ -622,45 +513,27 @@ module Tk::BLT
     end
 
     def self.new(name = nil)
-      TreeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if name && TreeID_TBL[name]
-          TreeID_TBL[name] 
-        else
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(name)
-            TreeID_TBL[@id] = self
-          }
-          obj
-        end
-      }
+      return TreeID_TBL[name] if name && TreeID_TBL[name]
+      super(name)
     end
 
     def initialzie(name = nil)
       if name
         @path = @id = name
       else
-        Tree_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-          @path = @id = Tree_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-          Tree_ID[1].succ!
-        }
+        @path = @id = Tree_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+        TreeID_TBL[@id] = self
+        Tree_ID[1].succ!
       end
-
+      TreeID_TBL[@id] = self
       tk_call('::blt::tree', 'create', @id)
     end
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::BLT::Tree::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
+      Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Tk::BLT::Tree::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL.delete(@path)
+      Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL.delete(@path)
     end
 
     def tagid(tag)
@@ -719,14 +592,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
     def delete(*nodes)
       tk_call('::blt::tree', 'delete', *(nodes.collect{|node| tagid(node)}))
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        nodes.each{|node|
-          if node.kind_of?(Tk::BLT::Tree::Node)
-            Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL[@path].delete(node.id)
-          else
-            Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL[@path].delete(node.to_s)
-          end
-        }
+      nodes.each{|node|
+        if node.kind_of?(Tk::BLT::Tree::Node)
+          Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL[@path].delete(node.id)
+        else
+          Tk::BLT::Tree::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL[@path].delete(node.to_s)
+        end
       }
       self
     end
@@ -857,9 +728,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
         id.delete
       else
         tk_call(@path, 'notify', 'delete', id)
-        Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL[@path].delete(id.to_s)
-        }
+        Tk::BLT::Tree::Notify::NotifyID_TBL[@path].delete(id.to_s)
       end
       self
     end
@@ -966,9 +835,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def tag_forget(tag)
       tag = tag.id if tag.kind_of?(Tk::BLT::Tree::Tag)
       tk_call(@path, 'tag', 'forget', tag)
-      TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TreeTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag)
-      }
+      TreeTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag)
       self
     end
 
@@ -1022,9 +889,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def trace_delete(*args)
       args = args.collect{|id| tagid(id)}
       tk_call(@path, 'trace', 'delete', *args)
-      Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        args.each{|id| Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL[@path].delete(id.to_s)}
-      }
+      args.each{|id| Tk::BLT::Tree::Trace::TraceID_TBL[@path].delete(id.to_s)}
       self
     end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
index c5a5697186..0343d28b9c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
@@ -98,9 +98,6 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def column_cget(name, option)
     itemcget(['column', name], option)
   end
-  def column_cget_strict(name, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['column', name], option)
-  end
   def column_configure(name, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', name], slot, value)
   end
@@ -114,9 +111,6 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def button_cget(option)
     itemcget('button', option)
   end
-  def button_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('button', option)
-  end
   def button_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('button', slot, value)
   end
@@ -135,14 +129,6 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
       ret
     end
   end
-  def entry_cget_strict(option)
-    ret = itemcget_strict('entry', option)
-    if option == 'bindtags' || option == :bindtags
-      ret.collect{|tag| TkBindTag.id2obj(tag)}
-    else
-      ret
-    end
-  end
   def entry_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('entry', slot, value)
   end
@@ -184,9 +170,6 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def sort_cget(option)
     itemcget('sort', option)
   end
-  def sort_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('sort', option)
-  end
   def sort_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('sort', slot, value)
   end
@@ -200,9 +183,6 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def text_cget(option)
     itemcget('text', option)
   end
-  def text_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('text', option)
-  end
   def text_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('text', slot, value)
   end
@@ -213,8 +193,8 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo('text', slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::BLT::Treeview
@@ -259,24 +239,6 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -311,12 +273,8 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
   ########################
 
   def __destroy_hook__
-    Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    Tk::BLT::Treeview::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::BLT::Treeview::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
+    Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node::TreeNodeID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    Tk::BLT::Treeview::Tag::TreeTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
   end
 
   def tagid(tag)
@@ -514,24 +472,6 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -547,8 +487,7 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
   def _find_exec_flag_value(val)
     if val.kind_of?(Array)
       cmd, *args = val
-      #FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-      FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, *args)
+      FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
     elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(val)
       FindExecFlagValue.new(val)
     else
@@ -1028,47 +967,22 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node < TkObject
   include Tk::BLT::Treeview::TagOrID_Methods
 
   TreeNodeID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TreeNode_ID = ['blt_treeview_node'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (TreeNode_ID = ['blt_treeview_node'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TreeNodeID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TreeNodeID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath]
-        if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
-          TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
-        else
-          begin
-            # self.new(tree, nil, nil, 'node'=>Integer(id))
-            unless (tk_call(@tpath, 'get', id)).empty?
-              id = Integer(id)
-              (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-                @parent = @tree = tree
-                @tpath = @parent.path
-                @path = @id = id
-                TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-                TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-              }
-              obj
-            else
-              id
-            end
-          rescue
-            id
-          end
-        end
-      else
+    return id unless TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath]
+    if TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
+      TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id]
+    else
+      begin
+        self.new(tree, nil, nil, 'node'=>Integer(id))
+      rescue
         id
       end
-    }
+    end
   end
 
   def self.new(tree, pos, parent=nil, keys={})
@@ -1080,21 +994,13 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node < TkObject
     keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
     tpath = tree.path
 
-    TreeNodeID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath] ||= {}
-      if (id = keys['node']) && (obj = TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id])
-        keys.delete('node')
-        tk_call(tree.path, 'move', id, pos, parent) if parent
-        return obj
-      end
+    if (id = keys['node']) && (obj = TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][id])
+      keys.delete('node')
+      tk_call(tree.path, 'move', id, pos, parent) if parent
+      return obj
+    end
 
-      #super(tree, pos, parent, keys)
-      (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-        initialize(tree, pos, parent, keys)
-        TreeNodeID_TBL[tpath][@id] = self
-      }
-      obj
-    }
+    super(tree, pos, parent, keys)
   end
 
   def initialize(tree, pos, parent, keys)
@@ -1102,18 +1008,11 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node < TkObject
     @tpath = @parent.path
 
     if (id = keys['node'])
-      # if tk_call(@tpath, 'get', id).empty?
-      #   fail RuntimeError, "not exist the node '#{id}'"
-      # end
       @path = @id = id
       tk_call(@tpath, 'move', @id, pos, tagid(parent)) if parent
-      configure(keys) if keys && ! keys.empty?
     else
-      name = nil
-      TreeNode_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        name = TreeNode_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-        TreeNode_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      name = TreeNode_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+      TreeNode_ID[1].succ!
 
       at = keys.delete['at']
 
@@ -1136,6 +1035,9 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Node < TkObject
       end
       @path = @id
     end
+
+    TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TreeNodeID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
   end
 
   def id
@@ -1149,66 +1051,37 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Tag < TkObject
   include Tk::BLT::Treeview::TagOrID_Methods
 
   TreeTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TreeTag_ID = ['blt_treeview_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (TreeTag_ID = ['blt_treeview_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TreeTagID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TreeTagID_TBL.clear }
 
-  def self.id2obj(tree, name)
+  def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath]
-        if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][name]
-          TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][name]
-        else
-          #self.new(tree, name)
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            @parent = @tree = tree
-            @tpath = @parent.path
-            @path = @id = name
-            TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-            TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-          }
-          obj
-        end
-      else
+    return id unless TreeTagID_TBL[tpath]
+    if TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
+      TreeTagID_TBL[tpath][id]
+    else
+      begin
+        self.new(tree, nil, nil, 'name'=>Integer(id))
+      rescue
         id
       end
-    }
+    end
   end
 
   def self.new_by_name(tree, name, *ids)
-    TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      unless (obj = TreeTagID_TBL[tree.path][name])
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          initialize(tree, name, ids)
-          TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-          TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-      obj
-    }
+    if (obj = TreeTagID_TBL[tree.path][name])
+      return obj
+    end
+    new([tree, name], ids)
   end
 
   def self.new(tree, *ids)
-    TreeTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-        if tree.kind_of?(Array)
-          initialize(tree[0], tree[1], ids)
-        else
-          initialize(tree, nil, ids)
-        end
-        TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-        TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-      }
-      obj
-    }
+    if tree.kind_of?(Array)
+      super(tree[0], tree[1], ids)
+    else
+      super(tree, nil, ids)
+    end
   end
 
   def initialize(tree, name, ids)
@@ -1218,12 +1091,13 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview::Tag < TkObject
     if name
       @path = @id = name
     else
-      TreeTag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @path = @id = TreeTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
-        TreeTag_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      @path = @id = TreeTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_).freeze
+      TreeTag_ID[1].succ!
     end
 
+    TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TreeTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+
     unless ids.empty?
       tk_call(@tpath, 'tag', 'add', @id, *(ids.collect{|id| tagid(id)}))
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
index 445002d7a5..3130c1e56f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
@@ -30,14 +30,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
       end
       private :__item_config_cmd
 
-      private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-      private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+      private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+      private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
       def cget(win, option)
-        itemcget(['cget', win], option)
-      end
-      def cget_strict(win, option)
-        itemcget_strict(['cget', win], option)
+        itemconfigure(['cget', win], slot, value)
       end
       def configure(win, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(['configure', win], slot, value)
@@ -49,11 +46,8 @@ module Tk::BLT
         current_itemconfiginfo(['configure', win], slot)
       end
 
-      def token_cget(win, option)
-        itemcget(['token', 'cget', win], option)
-      end
-      def token_cget_strict(win, option)
-        itemcget_strict(['token', 'cget', win], option)
+      def tokwn_cget(win, option)
+        itemconfigure(['token', 'cget', win], slot, value)
       end
       def token_configure(win, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(['token', 'configure', win], slot, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/vector.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/vector.rb
index 97fb1b96ff..540b6b9102 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/vector.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/vector.rb
@@ -23,17 +23,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
     end
 
     def self.names(pat=None)
-      list = simplelist(tk_call('::blt::vector', 'names', pat))
-      TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        list.collect{|name|
-          if TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-            TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-          elsif name[0..1] == '::' && TkVar_ID_TBL[name[2..-1]]
-            TkVar_ID_TBL[name[2..-1]]
-          else
-            name
-          end
-        }
+      simplelist(tk_call('::blt::vector', 'names', pat)).collect{|name|
+        if TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+          TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+        elsif name[0..1] == '::' && TkVar_ID_TBL[name[2..-1]]
+          TkVar_ID_TBL[name[2..-1]]
+        else
+          name
+        end
       }
     end
 
@@ -49,16 +46,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
         size = size.join(':')
       end
       if size
-        @id = TkCore::INTERP._invoke('::blt::vector', 'create', 
-                                     "#auto(#{size})", *hash_kv(keys))
+        @id = INTERP._invoke('::blt::vector', 'create', 
+                             "#auto(#{size})", *hash_kv(keys))
       else
-        @id = TkCore::INTERP._invoke('::blt::vector', 'create', 
-                                     "#auto", *hash_kv(keys))
+        @id = INTERP._invoke('::blt::vector', 'create', 
+                             "#auto", *hash_kv(keys))
       end
 
-      TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-      }
+      TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
 
       @def_default = false
       @default_val = nil
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
       @trace_opts = nil
 
       # teach Tk-ip that @id is global var
-      TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+      INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
     end
 
     def destroy
@@ -226,21 +221,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
 
   class VectorAccess < Vector
     def self.new(name)
-      TkVar_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-          TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
-        else
-          (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-            initialize(name)
-            TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-          }
-          obj
-        end
-      }
+      return TkVar_ID_TBL[name] if TkVar_ID_TBL[name]
+      super(name, size=nil, keys={})
     end
 
     def initialize(vec_name)
       @id = vec_name
+      TkVar_ID_TBL[@id] = self
 
       @def_default = false
       @default_val = nil
@@ -250,7 +237,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
       @trace_opts = nil
 
       # teach Tk-ip that @id is global var
-      TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
+      INTERP._invoke_without_enc('global', @id)
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
index 219ff78e97..ae5e50f126 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
@@ -13,23 +13,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
     TkCommandNames = ['::blt::watch'.freeze].freeze
 
     WATCH_ID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-    (BLT_WATCH_ID = ['blt_watch_id'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-      @mutex = Mutex.new
-      def mutex; @mutex; end
-      freeze
-    }
-
-    TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-      WATCH_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ WATCH_ID_TBL.clear }
-    }
+    BLT_WATCH_ID = ['blt_watch_id'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
     def self.names(state = None)
-      lst = tk_split_list(tk_call('::blt::watch', 'names', state))
-      WATCH_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        lst.collect{|name|
-          WATCH_ID_TBL[name] || name
-        }
+      tk_split_list(tk_call('::blt::watch', 'names', state)).collect{|name|
+        WATCH_ID_TBL[name] || name
       }
     end
 
@@ -57,17 +45,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
       if name
         @id = name.to_s
       else
-        BLT_WATCH_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-          @id = BLT_WATCH_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-          BLT_WATCH_ID[1].succ!
-        }
+        @id = BLT_WATCH_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+        BLT_WATCH_ID[1].succ!
       end
 
       @path = @id
 
-      WATCH_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        WATCH_ID_TBL[@id] = self
-      }
+      WATCH_ID_TBL[@id] = self
       tk_call('::blt::watch', 'create', @id, *hash_kv(keys))
     end
 
@@ -146,7 +130,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
         end
       end
     end
-    def cget_strict(key)
+    def cget(key)
       key = key.to_s
       begin
         info.assoc(key)[1]
@@ -154,22 +138,5 @@ module Tk::BLT
         fail ArgumentError, "unknown option '#{key}'"
       end
     end
-    def cget(key)
-      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-        cget_strict(key)
-      else
-        begin
-          cget_strict(key)
-        rescue => e
-          if current_configinfo.has_key?(key.to_s)
-            # error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # unknown option
-            nil
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/button.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/button.rb
index 8f3087d098..4a9d4a7948 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/button.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module BWidget
-    class Button < Tk::Button
+    class Button < TkButton
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/buttonbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/buttonbox.rb
index 8d6d212189..ef999239f9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/buttonbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/buttonbox.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ButtonBox
       name = tagOrId[:name]
       return index(name) unless name.empty?
     end
-    if tagOrId.kind_of?(Tk::Button)
+    if tagOrId.kind_of?(TkButton)
       return index(tagOrId[:text])
     end
     # index(tagOrId.to_s)
@@ -40,13 +40,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ButtonBox
 
   def add(keys={}, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('add', *hash_kv(keys)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
@@ -60,7 +54,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ButtonBox
       name = idx[:name]
       idx = name unless name.empty?
     end
-    if idx.kind_of?(Tk::Button)
+    if idx.kind_of?(TkButton)
       idx = idx[:text]
     end
     number(tk_send('index', idx.to_s))
@@ -68,13 +62,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ButtonBox
 
   def insert(idx, keys={}, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('insert', tagid(idx), *hash_kv(keys)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/combobox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/combobox.rb
index 1c58a4ccb0..31f71c3aaf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/combobox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/combobox.rb
@@ -25,13 +25,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ComboBox
 
   def get_listbox(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getlistbox'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
index 291ca4a962..2790d88d24 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
@@ -59,13 +59,6 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Dialog
     end
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    if slot.to_s == 'relative'
-      super('parent')
-    else
-      super(slot)
-    end
-  end
   def cget(slot)
     if slot.to_s == 'relative'
       super('parent')
@@ -110,7 +103,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Dialog
       name = tagOrId[:name]
       return index(name) unless name.empty?
     end
-    if tagOrId.kind_of?(Tk::Button)
+    if tagOrId.kind_of?(TkButton)
       return index(tagOrId[:text])
     end
     # index(tagOrId.to_s)
@@ -119,37 +112,19 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Dialog
 
   def add(keys={}, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('add', *hash_kv(keys)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_buttonbox(&b)
     win = window(@path + '.bbox')
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
index 846e58062d..224304f2ab 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
@@ -34,13 +34,6 @@ module Tk::BWidget::DynamicHelp
     ['DynamicHelp::configure']
   end
 
-  def self.cget_strict(slot)
-    slot = slot.to_s
-    info = {}
-    self.current_configinfo.each{|k,v| info[k.to_s] = v if k.to_s == slot}
-    fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"-#{slot}\""  if info.empty?
-    info.values[0]
-  end
   def self.cget(slot)
     self.current_configinfo(slot).values[0]
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/entry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/entry.rb
index a56890f4e3..aafb4aa7ff 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/entry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/entry.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module BWidget
-    class Entry < Tk::Entry
+    class Entry < TkEntry
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/label.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/label.rb
index 88a504aa50..ce10ecaf8b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/label.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module BWidget
-    class Label < Tk::Label
+    class Label < TkLabel
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelentry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelentry.rb
index 95b40946a6..931feb9b48 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelentry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelentry.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget/entry'
 
 module Tk
   module BWidget
-    class LabelEntry < Tk::Entry
+    class LabelEntry < TkEntry
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelframe.rb
index dc221806e4..f7b267eebb 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/labelframe.rb
@@ -40,13 +40,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::LabelFrame
   end
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
index 093fcb6fb3..1267500661 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
@@ -211,26 +211,14 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ListBox::Item
   include TkTreatTagFont
 
   ListItem_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  ListItem_ID = ['bw:item'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (ListItem_ID = ['bw:item'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    ListItem_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ ListItem_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ ListItem_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(lbox, id)
     lpath = lbox.path
-    ListItem_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if ListItem_TBL[lpath]
-        ListItem_TBL[lpath][id]? ListItem_TBL[lpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless ListItem_TBL[lpath]
+    ListItem_TBL[lpath][id]? ListItem_TBL[lpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(lbox, *args)
@@ -262,17 +250,13 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ListBox::Item
     if keys.key?('itemname')
       @path = @id = keys.delete('itemname')
     else
-      ListItem_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @path = @id = ListItem_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        ListItem_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      @path = @id = ListItem_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      ListItem_ID[1].succ!
     end
 
-    ListItem_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      ListItem_TBL[@id] = self
-      ListItem_TBL[@lpath] = {} unless ListItem_TBL[@lpath]
-      ListItem_TBL[@lpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    ListItem_TBL[@id] = self
+    ListItem_TBL[@lpath] = {} unless ListItem_TBL[@lpath]
+    ListItem_TBL[@lpath][@id] = self
 
     @listbox.insert(index, @id, keys)
   end
@@ -297,9 +281,6 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ListBox::Item
   def cget(key)
     @listbox.itemcget(@id, key)
   end
-  def cget_strict(key)
-    @listbox.itemcget_strict(@id, key)
-  end
 
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @listbox.itemconfigure(@id, key, val)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/mainframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/mainframe.rb
index de66eaf81e..c54e878557 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/mainframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/mainframe.rb
@@ -41,73 +41,37 @@ class Tk::BWidget::MainFrame
 
   def add_indicator(keys={}, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('addindicator', *hash_kv(keys)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def add_toolbar(&b)
     win = window(tk_send('addtoolbar'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_indicator(idx, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('getindicator', idx))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_menu(menu_id, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('getmenu', menu_id))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
   def get_toolbar(idx, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('gettoolbar', idx))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
index b88461baf7..9c946d0630 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
@@ -65,17 +65,6 @@ class Tk::BWidget::MessageDlg
     end
     @keys[slot]
   end
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    slot = slot.to_s
-    if slot == 'relative'
-      slot = 'parent'
-    end
-    if winfo_exist?
-      val = super(slot)
-      @keys[slot] = val
-    end
-    @keys[slot]
-  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if winfo_exist?
@@ -184,9 +173,6 @@ class Tk::BWidget::MessageDlg
   end
 
   def create
-    # return the index of the pressed button, or nil if it is destroyed
-    ret = num_or_str(tk_call(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], 
-                             @path, *hash_kv(@keys)))
-    (ret < 0)? nil: ret
+    num_or_str(tk_call(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, *hash_kv(@keys)))
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/notebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/notebook.rb
index 423943619c..5146d4915d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/notebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/notebook.rb
@@ -89,13 +89,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::NoteBook
 
   def add(page, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('add', tagid(page)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
@@ -111,13 +105,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::NoteBook
 
   def get_frame(page, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('getframe', tagid(page)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
@@ -127,13 +115,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::NoteBook
 
   def insert(index, page, keys={}, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('insert', index, tagid(page), *hash_kv(keys)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/pagesmanager.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/pagesmanager.rb
index fbc2c11255..fc01284be6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/pagesmanager.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/pagesmanager.rb
@@ -26,13 +26,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::PagesManager
 
   def add(page, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('add', tagid(page)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
@@ -48,13 +42,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::PagesManager
 
   def get_frame(page, &b)
     win = window(tk_send('getframe', tagid(page)))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panedwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panedwindow.rb
index 4d979fd523..19982c6095 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panedwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panedwindow.rb
@@ -25,13 +25,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::PanedWindow
 
   def get_frame(idx, &b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe', idx))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panelframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panelframe.rb
index 84bae0768b..13f8817d74 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/panelframe.rb
@@ -36,13 +36,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::PanelFrame
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/progressdlg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/progressdlg.rb
index 32600255d5..fbf00f3b00 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/progressdlg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/progressdlg.rb
@@ -51,8 +51,4 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ProgressDlg
   def value= (val)
     @keys['variable'].value = val
   end
-
-  def create
-    window(tk_call(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, *hash_kv(@keys)))
-  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrollableframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrollableframe.rb
index 010c960ec5..a3986681a5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrollableframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrollableframe.rb
@@ -23,13 +23,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ScrollableFrame
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrolledwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrolledwindow.rb
index 3599fd8459..e9e53235b7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrolledwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/scrolledwindow.rb
@@ -21,13 +21,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ScrolledWindow
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectcolor.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectcolor.rb
index 0f9014f8de..742a84cd84 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectcolor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectcolor.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg'
 module Tk
   module BWidget
     class SelectColor < Tk::BWidget::MessageDlg
-      class Dialog < Tk::BWidget::SelectColor
-      end
-      class Menubutton < Tk::Menubutton
-      end
-      MenuButton = Menubutton
     end
   end
 end
@@ -48,26 +43,3 @@ class Tk::BWidget::SelectColor
     tk_call('SelectColor::setcolor', idx, color)
   end
 end
-
-class Tk::BWidget::SelectColor::Dialog
-  def create_self(keys)
-    super(keys)
-    @keys['type'] = 'dialog'
-  end
-
-  def create
-    @keys['type'] = 'dialog'  # 'dialog' type returns color
-    tk_call(Tk::BWidget::SelectColor::TkCommandNames[0], 
-            @path, *hash_kv(@keys))
-  end
-end
-
-class Tk::BWidget::SelectColor::Menubutton
-  def create_self(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-    keys['type'] = 'menubutton'  # 'toolbar' type returns widget path
-    window(tk_call(Tk::BWidget::SelectColor::TkCommandNames[0], 
-                   @path, *hash_kv(keys)))
-  end
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectfont.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectfont.rb
index e53eb3b5bc..478787602a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectfont.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/selectfont.rb
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::SelectFont::Dialog
   end
 
   def create
-    @keys['type'] = 'dialog'  # 'dialog' type returns font name
+    @keys['type'] = 'dialog'
     tk_call(Tk::BWidget::SelectFont::TkCommandNames[0], @path, *hash_kv(@keys))
   end
 end
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::SelectFont::Toolbar
   def create_self(keys)
     keys = {} unless keys
     keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
-    keys['type'] = 'toolbar'  # 'toolbar' type returns widget path
-    window(tk_call(Tk::BWidget::SelectFont::TkCommandNames[0], 
-                   @path, *hash_kv(keys)))
+    keys['type'] = 'toolbar'
+    tk_call(Tk::BWidget::SelectFont::TkCommandNames[0], @path, *hash_kv(keys))
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/spinbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/spinbox.rb
index 48358baa5c..ca4c046e5c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/spinbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/spinbox.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/bwidget/entry'
 
 module Tk
   module BWidget
-    class SpinBox < Tk::Entry
+    class SpinBox < TkEntry
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/statusbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/statusbar.rb
index 39c678d37e..df16e4c0b7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/statusbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/statusbar.rb
@@ -36,13 +36,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::StatusBar
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/titleframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/titleframe.rb
index 68534e66e9..f519490430 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/titleframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/titleframe.rb
@@ -21,13 +21,7 @@ class Tk::BWidget::TitleFrame
 
   def get_frame(&b)
     win = window(tk_send_without_enc('getframe'))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
index aed4512a73..e7178debe2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
@@ -263,26 +263,14 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Tree::Node
   include TkTreatTagFont
 
   TreeNode_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TreeNode_ID = ['bw:node'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (TreeNode_ID = ['bw:node'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    TreeNode_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ TreeNode_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ TreeNode_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    TreeNode_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if TreeNode_TBL[tpath]
-        TreeNode_TBL[tpath][id]? TreeNode_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless TreeNode_TBL[tpath]
+    TreeNode_TBL[tpath][id]? TreeNode_TBL[tpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(tree, *args)
@@ -323,17 +311,13 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Tree::Node
     if keys.key?('nodename')
       @path = @id = keys.delete('nodename')
     else
-      TreeNode_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @path = @id = TreeNode_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        TreeNode_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      @path = @id = TreeNode_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      TreeNode_ID[1].succ!
     end
 
-    TreeNode_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TreeNode_TBL[@id] = self
-      TreeNode_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeNode_TBL[@tpath]
-      TreeNode_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    TreeNode_TBL[@id] = self
+    TreeNode_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TreeNode_TBL[@tpath]
+    TreeNode_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
 
     @tree.insert(index, parent, @id, keys)
   end
@@ -358,9 +342,6 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Tree::Node
   def cget(key)
     @tree.itemcget(@id, key)
   end
-  def cget_strict(key)
-    @tree.itemcget_strict(@id, key)
-  end
 
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @tree.itemconfigure(@id, key, val)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
index a93364b567..568e503a8b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
@@ -29,13 +29,6 @@ module Tk::BWidget::Widget
     ['Widget::configure']
   end
 
-  def self.cget_strict(slot)
-    slot = slot.to_s
-    info = {}
-    self.current_configinfo.each{|k,v| info[k.to_s] = v if k.to_s == slot}
-    fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"-#{slot}\""  if info.empty?
-    info.values[0]
-  end
   def self.cget(slot)
     self.current_configinfo(slot).values[0]
   end
@@ -50,13 +43,7 @@ module Tk::BWidget::Widget
 
   def self.create(klass, path, rename=None, &b)
     win = window(tk_call('Widget::create', klass, path, rename))
-    if b
-      if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-        win.instance_exec(self, &b)
-      else
-        win.instance_eval(&b)
-      end
-    end
+    win.instance_eval(&b) if b
     win
   end
 
@@ -112,11 +99,8 @@ module Tk::BWidget::Widget
     tk_call('Widget::setoption', win, option, value)
   end
 
-  def self.sub_cget_strict(win, subwidget)
-    tk_call('Widget::subcget', win, subwidget)
-  end
   def self.sub_cget(win, subwidget)
-    self.sub_cget_strict(win, subwidget)
+    tk_call('Widget::subcget', win, subwidget)
   end
 
   def self.sync_options(klass, subclass, subpath, options)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itcl/incr_tcl.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itcl/incr_tcl.rb
index 2b75d62eb9..07abf3a7bf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itcl/incr_tcl.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itcl/incr_tcl.rb
@@ -40,22 +40,16 @@ module Tk
     class ItclObject < TkObject
       ITCL_CLASSNAME = ''.freeze
 
-      (ITCL_OBJ_ID = ['itclobj'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
+      ITCL_OBJ_ID = ['itclobj'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
       ITCL_OBJ_TBL = {}.taint
 
       def initialize(*args)
         if (@klass = self.class::ITCL_CLASSNAME).empty?
           fail RuntimeError, 'unknown itcl class (abstract class?)'
         end
-        Tk::Itcl::ItclObject::ITCL_OBJ_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-          @id = Tk::Itcl::ItclObject::TCL_OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-          Tk::Itcl::ItclObject::ITCL_OBJ_ID[1].succ!
-        }
+        @id = Tk::Itcl::ItclObject::TCL_OBJ_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
         @path = @id
+        Tk::Itcl::ItclObject::ITCL_OBJ_ID[1].succ!
       end
 
       def self.call_proc(name, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itk/incr_tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itk/incr_tk.rb
index e06deb552c..0626536e36 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itk/incr_tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/itk/incr_tk.rb
@@ -145,16 +145,9 @@ module Tk
       private :__config_cmd
 
       ComponentID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+      Itk_Component_ID = ['itk:component'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-      (Itk_Component_ID = ['itk:component'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-        @mutex = Mutex.new
-        def mutex; @mutex; end
-        freeze
-      }
-
-      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-        ComponentID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ ComponentID_TBL.clear }
-      }
+      TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ ComponentID_TBL.clear }
 
       def self.id2obj(master, id)
         if master.kind_of?(TkObject)
@@ -162,13 +155,8 @@ module Tk
         else
           master = master.to_s
         end
-        ComponentID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if ComponentID_TBL.key?(master)
-            (ComponentID_TBL[master].key?(id))? ComponentID_TBL[master][id]: id
-          else
-            id
-          end
-        }
+        return id unless ComponentID_TBL.key?(master)
+        (ComponentID_TBL.key?(id))? ComponentID_TBL[master][id]: id
       end
 
       def self.new(master, component=nil)
@@ -183,21 +171,17 @@ module Tk
         elsif component
           component = component.to_s
         else
-          Itk_Component_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-            component = Itk_Component_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-            Itk_Component_ID[1].succ!
-          }
+          component = Itk_Component_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+          Itk_Component_ID[1].succ!
         end
 
-        ComponentID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          if ComponentID_TBL.key?(master)
-            if ComponentID_TBL[master].key?(component)
-              return ComponentID_TBL[master][component] 
-            end
-          else
-            ComponentID_TBL[master] = {}
+        if ComponentID_TBL.key?(master)
+          if ComponentID_TBL[master].key?(component)
+            return ComponentID_TBL[master][component] 
           end
-        }
+        else
+          ComponentID_TBL[master] = {}
+        end
 
         super(master, component)
       end
@@ -206,9 +190,7 @@ module Tk
         @master = master
         @component = component
 
-        ComponentID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-          ComponentID_TBL[@master][@component] = self
-        }
+        ComponentID_TBL[@master][@component] = self
 
         begin
           @widget = window(tk_call(@master, 'component', @component))
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
index 05d58c386f..a055e07ac9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Buttonbox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
-  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
index 8495f0e29b..0152f8593a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
@@ -45,25 +45,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Calendar
     class ValidateArgs < TkUtil::CallbackSubst
       KEY_TBL  = [ [?d, ?s, :date], nil ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
-
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
index c85d356c55..46ca389db2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Checkbox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
-  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
@@ -86,24 +85,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Checkbox
     self
   end
 
-  def get_tags
-    simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(@path, 'get'))
-  end
-
-  def get_objs
-    simplelist(tk_call_without_enc(@path, 'get')).collect{|id|
+  def get(idx)
+    simplelist(tk_call(@path, 'get', index(idx))).collect{|id|
       Tk::Itk::Component.id2obj(self, id)
     }
   end
 
-  def get(idx=nil)
-    if idx
-      bool(tk_call_without_enc(@path, 'get', index(idx)))
-    else
-      get_tags
-    end
-  end
-
   def index(idx)
     number(tk_call(@path, 'index', tagid(idx)))
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
index 8d43cc07ab..d6c668621d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Dialogshell
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
-  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
index d53df216bf..6aa933ce06 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
@@ -42,25 +42,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Entryfield
         [ ?w, TkComm.method(:window) ], 
         nil
       ]
-
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
index d9220fecbf..4cc6aeecbd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
@@ -30,25 +30,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
     class ValidateArgs < TkUtil::CallbackSubst
       KEY_TBL  = [ [?n, ?s, :node], nil ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
-
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -76,24 +57,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -115,25 +78,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         nil
       ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [ ?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
-
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -263,7 +207,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
     self
   end
 
-  # based on Tk::Text widget
+  # based on TkText widget
 
   def bbox(index)
     list(tk_send_without_enc('bbox', _get_eval_enc_str(index)))
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
index 5aaefbe50d..dea3d34c2a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
@@ -62,13 +62,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Menubar
   end
 
   alias menucget itemcget
-  alias menucget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias menuconfigure itemconfigure
   alias menuconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_menuconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
index 98ac32900c..2bbbec7666 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Messagebox
   private :__item_boolval_optkeys
 
   alias typecget itemcget
-  alias typecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias typeconfigure itemconfigure
   alias typeconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_typeconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
index 03b50633df..0f9d713ea1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Notebook
   end
 
   alias pagecget itemcget
-  alias pagecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias pageconfigure itemconfigure
   alias pageconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_pageconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
@@ -147,12 +146,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Notebook
 
   def view(*idxs)
     if idxs.size == 0
-      idx = num_or_str(tk_send_without_enc('view'))
-      if idx.kind_of?(Fixnum) && idx < 0
-        nil
-      else
-        idx
-      end
+      window(tk_send_without_enc('view'))
     else
       tk_send_without_enc('view', *idxs)
       self
@@ -166,8 +160,8 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Notebook
   end
   alias xview_moveto view_moveto
   alias yview_moveto view_moveto
-  def view_scroll(index, what='pages')
-    view('scroll', index, what)
+  def view_scroll(*idxs)
+    view('scroll', *idxs)
   end
   alias xview_scroll view_scroll
   alias yview_scroll view_scroll
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
index 3bf73d69fe..035df0a5b8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Panedwindow
   end
 
   alias panecget itemcget
-  alias panecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias paneconfigure itemconfigure
   alias paneconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_paneconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
index e9d9521252..1a2821bd6a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Radiobox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
-  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
@@ -86,13 +85,10 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Radiobox
     self
   end
 
-  def get_tag
-    ((tag = tk_call_without_enc(@path, 'get')).empty?)? nil: tag
-  end
-  alias get get_tag
-
-  def get_obj
-    (tag = get_tag)? Tk::Itk::Component.id2obj(self, tag): nil
+  def get(idx)
+    simplelist(tk_call(@path, 'get', index(idx))).collect{|id|
+      Tk::Itk::Component.id2obj(self, id)
+    }
   end
 
   def index(idx)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
index 67ad67d07e..407c8f2aad 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledcanvas
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @canvas.respond_to?(id)
+    if @canvas.methods.include?(id.id2name)
       @canvas.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
@@ -171,16 +171,10 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledcanvas
   end
 
   def delete(*args)
-    tbl = nil
-    TkcItem::CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      tbl = TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path]
-    }
-    if tbl
+    if TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path]
       find('withtag', *args).each{|item| 
         if item.kind_of?(TkcItem)
-          TkcItem::CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-            tbl.delete(item.id)
-          }
+          TkcItem::CItemID_TBL[self.path].delete(item.id)
         end
       }
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
index 7543d557e3..cd1f6f0f79 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledlistbox
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @listbox.respond_to?(id)
+    if @listbox.methods.include?(id.id2name)
       @listbox.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
index d6436d202a..fdafc8dc7f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @text.respond_to?(id)
+    if @text.methods.include?(id.id2name)
       @text.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
     get('-displaychars', *index)
   end
 
-  def image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+  def image_cget(index, slot)
     case slot.to_s
     when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'cget', 
@@ -127,27 +127,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
                                                 "-#{slot}")))
     end
   end
-  def image_cget(index, slot)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      image_cget_strict(index, slot)
-    else
-      begin
-        image_cget_strict(index, slot)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_image_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
-            # error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # unknown option
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
 
   def image_configure(index, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
@@ -343,11 +322,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
 
 
   def _ktext_length(txt)
-    if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!
-      return txt.length
-    end
-    ###########################
-
     if $KCODE !~ /n/i
       return txt.gsub(/[^\Wa-zA-Z_\d]/, ' ').length
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectionbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectionbox.rb
index bf9b5ec30a..bb81fcca5e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectionbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectionbox.rb
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Selectionbox
     self
   end
 
-  # based on Tk::Listbox ( and TkTextWin )
+  # based on TkListbox ( and TkTextWin )
   def curselection
     list(tk_send_without_enc('curselection'))
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectiondialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectiondialog.rb
index f772ecf8c2..ab790e97a6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectiondialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/selectiondialog.rb
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Selectiondialog
     self
   end
 
-  # based on Tk::Listbox ( and TkTextWin )
+  # based on TkListbox ( and TkTextWin )
   def curselection
     list(tk_send_without_enc('curselection'))
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
index aeee5c9038..174b9bd506 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
@@ -37,25 +37,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Spinner
         [ ?w, TkComm.method(:window) ], 
         nil
       ]
-
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
index dbb90e5102..0d9715f87b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabnotebook
   end
 
   alias pagecget itemcget
-  alias pagecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias pageconfigure itemconfigure
   alias pageconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_pageconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
@@ -117,11 +116,6 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabnotebook
     self
   end
 
-  def show_tab(idx)
-    @tabset.show_tab(idx)
-    self
-  end
-
   def scrollcommand(cmd=Proc.new)
     configure_cmd 'scrollcommand', cmd
     self
@@ -153,12 +147,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabnotebook
 
   def view(*index)
     if index.size == 0
-      idx = num_or_str(tk_send_without_enc('view'))
-      if idx.kind_of?(Fixnum) && idx < 0
-        nil
-      else
-        idx
-      end
+      window(tk_send_without_enc('view'))
     else
       tk_send_without_enc('view', *index)
       self
@@ -172,8 +161,8 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabnotebook
   end
   alias xview_moveto view_moveto
   alias yview_moveto view_moveto
-  def view_scroll(index, what='pages')
-    view('scroll', index, what)
+  def view_scroll(*index)
+    view('scroll', *index)
   end
   alias xview_scroll view_scroll
   alias yview_scroll view_scroll
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
index 300ba9dee0..54e56d0514 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
@@ -42,13 +42,12 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabset
   end
 
   alias tabcget itemcget
-  alias tabcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias tabconfigure itemconfigure
   alias tabconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_tabconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
@@ -97,48 +96,4 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabset
     tk_call(@path, 'select', index(idx))
     self
   end
-
-  def show_tab(idx)
-    if index(idx) == 0
-      self.start = 0
-      return
-    end
-
-    reutrn unless @canvas ||= self.winfo_children[0]
-
-    delta = 1 if (delta = cget(:gap)) == 'overlap' ||
-                   (delta = self.winfo_pixels(delta) + 1) <= 0
-
-    case cget(:tabpos)
-    when 's', 'n'
-      if (head = tabcget(idx, :left)) < 0
-        self.start -= head
-        return
-      end
-      tabs_size = @canvas.winfo_width
-      tab_start, tab_end = @canvas . 
-        find_overlapping(head, 0, head + delta, @canvas.winfo_height) . 
-        find_all{|id| @canvas.itemtype(id) == TkcPolygon} . 
-        map!{|id| bbox = @canvas.bbox(id); [bbox[0], bbox[2]]} . max
-
-    when 'e', 'w'
-      if (head = tabcget(idx, :top)) < 0
-        self.start -= head
-        return
-      end
-      tabs_size = @canvas.winfo_height
-      tab_start, tab_end = @canvas . 
-        find_overlapping(0, head, @canvas.winfo_width, head + delta) . 
-        find_all{|id| @canvas.itemtype(id) == TkcPolygon} . 
-        map!{|id| bbox = @canvas.bbox(id); [bbox[1], bbox[3]]} . max
-    end
-
-    if (size = tab_end - tab_start + 1) > tabs_size
-      self.start -= tab_start
-    elsif head + size > tabs_size
-      self.start -= head + size - tabs_size
-    end
-
-    self
-  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/autoscroll.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/autoscroll.rb
index 7db3c2e2b7..6940a9174c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/autoscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/autoscroll.rb
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-class Tk::Scrollbar
+class TkScrollbar
   def autoscroll
     # Arranges for the already existing scrollbar to be mapped 
     # and unmapped as needed.
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ctext.rb
index 9014037f3d..70a45dd8e7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ctext.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ TkPackage.require('ctext')
 
 module Tk
   module Tcllib
-    class CText < Tk::Text
+    class CText < TkText
       PACKAGE_NAME = 'ctext'.freeze
       def self.package_name
         PACKAGE_NAME
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/datefield.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/datefield.rb
index 2244dd7a9a..bd84488101 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/datefield.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/datefield.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ TkPackage.require('datefield')
 
 module Tk
   module Tcllib
-    class Datefield < Tk::Entry
+    class Datefield < TkEntry
       PACKAGE_NAME = 'datefield'.freeze
       def self.package_name
         PACKAGE_NAME
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
index fc5d8b26d9..bf5e54e8cf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::GetString_Dialog
     @variable.value
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
+  def cget(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
     if slot == 'text'
       @text
@@ -95,9 +95,6 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::GetString_Dialog
       @keys[slot]
     end
   end
-  def cget(slot)
-    cget_strict(slot)
-  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ico.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ico.rb
index 8c92926a4c..3beeb11a4d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ico.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ico.rb
@@ -94,10 +94,8 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::ICO
     if keys.key?('name')
       @path = keys['name'].to_s
     else
-      Tk_Image_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @path = Tk_Image_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        Tk_Image_ID[1].succ!
-      }
+      @path = Tk_Image_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      Tk_Image_ID[1].succ!
     end
     tk_call_without_enc('::ico::getIcon', file, index, '-name', @path, 
                         '-format', 'image', *hash_kv(keys, true))
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ip_entry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ip_entry.rb
index c4b8240c04..8c9e0bd683 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ip_entry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/ip_entry.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ TkPackage.require('ipentry')
 
 module Tk
   module Tcllib
-    class IP_Entry < Tk::Entry
+    class IP_Entry < TkEntry
       PACKAGE_NAME = 'ipentry'.freeze
       def self.package_name
         PACKAGE_NAME
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb
index 06ab20f3e6..f5f344ceb3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/plotchart.rb
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class XYPlot < Tk::Canvas
+  class XYPlot < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
         @xaxis = args.shift
         @yaxis = args.shift
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -265,9 +265,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
     private :_create_chart
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
+      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
     end
 
     def plot(series, x, y)
@@ -339,7 +337,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class PolarPlot < Tk::Canvas
+  class PolarPlot < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
 
         @radius_data = args.shift
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -376,9 +374,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
     private :_create_chart
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
+      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
     end
 
     def plot(series, radius, angle)
@@ -399,7 +395,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   Polarplot = PolarPlot
 
   ############################
-  class IsometricPlot < Tk::Canvas
+  class IsometricPlot < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -434,7 +430,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
           @stepsize = args.shift
         end
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -479,7 +475,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   Isometricplot = IsometricPlot
 
   ############################
-  class Plot3D < Tk::Canvas
+  class Plot3D < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -504,7 +500,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
         @yaxis = args.shift
         @zaxis = args.shift
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -561,7 +557,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class Piechart < Tk::Canvas
+  class Piechart < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -570,7 +566,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
     ].freeze
 
     def initialize(*args) # args := ([parent] [, keys])
-      if args[0].kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+      if args[0].kind_of?(TkCanvas)
         parent = args.shift
         @path = parent.path
       else
@@ -592,7 +588,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class Barchart < Tk::Canvas
+  class Barchart < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -630,7 +626,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
           @series_size  = args.shift
         end
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -649,9 +645,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
     private :_create_chart
 
     def __destroy_hook__
-      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
-      }
+      Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart::PlotSeries::SeriesID_TBL.delete(@path)
     end
 
     def plot(series, dat, col=None)
@@ -678,7 +672,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class Timechart < Tk::Canvas
+  class Timechart < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -705,7 +699,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
         @time_end   = args.shift
         @items      = args.shift
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -739,7 +733,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   end
 
   ############################
-  class Gnattchart < Tk::Canvas
+  class Gnattchart < TkCanvas
     include ChartMethod
 
     TkCommandNames = [
@@ -778,7 +772,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
           @text_width = None
         end
 
-        if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Canvas)
+        if parent.kind_of?(TkCanvas)
           @path = parent.path
         else
           super(parent, *args) # create canvas widget
@@ -840,38 +834,23 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Plotchart
   ############################
   class PlotSeries < TkObject
     SeriesID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-    (Series_ID = ['series'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-      @mutex = Mutex.new
-      def mutex; @mutex; end
-      freeze
-    }
-    TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-      SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ SeriesID_TBL.clear }
-    }
+    Series_ID = ['series'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
+    TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ SeriesID_TBL.clear }
 
     def self.id2obj(chart, id)
       path = chart.path
-      SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        if SeriesID_TBL[path]
-          SeriesID_TBL[path][id]? SeriesID_TBL[path][id]: id
-        else
-          id
-        end
-      }
+      return id unless SeriesID_TBL[path]
+      SeriesID_TBL[path][id]? SeriesID_TBL[path][id]: id
     end
 
     def initialize(chart, keys=nil)
       @parent = @chart_obj = chart
       @ppath = @chart_obj.path
-      Series_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-        @path = @series = @id = Series_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-        Series_ID[1].succ!
-      }
-      SeriesID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        SeriesID_TBL[@ppath] ||= {}
-        SeriesID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
-      }
+      @path = @series = @id = Series_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+      # SeriesID_TBL[@id] = self
+      SeriesID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SeriesID_TBL[@ppath]
+      SeriesID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
+      Series_ID[1].succ!
       dataconfig(keys) if keys.kind_of?(Hash)
     end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
index 1c813e36da..97de0a27c1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::Swaplist_Dialog
   end
   alias selected value
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
+  def cget(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
     if slot == 'complete_list'
       @complete_list
@@ -100,9 +100,6 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::Swaplist_Dialog
       @keys[slot]
     end
   end
-  def cget(slot)
-    cget_strict(slot)
-  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
index d7a6c97210..a939a58331 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def cell_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['cell', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def cell_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['cell', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def cell_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['cell', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -83,7 +80,6 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['cell', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias cellcget cell_cget
-  alias cellcget_strict cell_cget_strict
   alias cellconfigure cell_configure
   alias cellconfiginfo cell_configinfo
   alias current_cellconfiginfo current_cell_configinfo
@@ -91,9 +87,6 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def column_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['column', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def column_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['column', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def column_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -104,7 +97,6 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['column', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias columncget column_cget
-  alias columncget_strict column_cget_strict
   alias columnconfigure column_configure
   alias columnconfiginfo column_configinfo
   alias current_columnconfiginfo current_column_configinfo
@@ -112,9 +104,6 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def row_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['row', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def row_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['row', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def row_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['row', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -125,13 +114,12 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['row', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias rowcget row_cget
-  alias rowcget_strict row_cget_strict
   alias rowconfigure row_configure
   alias rowconfiginfo row_configinfo
   alias current_rowconfiginfo current_row_configinfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::Tcllib::Tablelist
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tkpiechart.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tkpiechart.rb
index b366e0198b..92dde65ce7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tkpiechart.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tkpiechart.rb
@@ -125,9 +125,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Tkpiechart
 
     def delete
       tk_call_without_enc('::stooop::delete', @tag_key)
-      CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
-      }
+      CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
       self
     end
 
@@ -186,10 +184,8 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Tkpiechart
       @id = "slices(#{@tag_key})"
       @tag = TkcNamedTag.new(@pie.canvas, @id)
 
-      CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
-        CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
-      }
+      CItemID_TBL[@path] = {} unless CItemID_TBL[@path]
+      CItemID_TBL[@path][@id] = self
     end
 
     def tag_key
@@ -204,9 +200,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::Tkpiechart
 
     def delete
       tk_call_without_enc('pie::deleteSlice', @pie.tag_key, @tag_key)
-      CItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
-      }
+      CItemID_TBL[@path].delete(@id) if CItemID_TBL[@path]
       @pie._delete_slice(self)
       self
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
index 60ea012cc0..acc7bebe4e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #
 
 require 'tk'
-require 'tk/ttk_selector'
 
 # call setup script for general 'tkextlib' libraries
 require 'tkextlib/setup.rb'
@@ -16,66 +15,33 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile/setup.rb'
 # TkPackage.require('tile', '0.4')
 # TkPackage.require('tile', '0.6')
 # TkPackage.require('tile', '0.7')
-if Tk::TK_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || 
-    (Tk::TK_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TK_MINOR_VERSION >= 5)
-  TkPackage.require('tile') # for compatibility (version check of 'tile')
-  verstr = TkPackage.require('Ttk')
-else
-  verstr = TkPackage.require('tile')
-end
-
+verstr = TkPackage.require('tile')
 ver = verstr.split('.')
-if ver[0].to_i == 0
-  # Tile extension package
-  if ver[1].to_i <= 4
-    # version 0.4 or former
-    module Tk
-      module Tile
-        USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = true
-        USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = false
-        TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 0
-      end
-    end
-  elsif ver[1].to_i <= 6
-    # version 0.5 -- version 0.6
-    module Tk
-      module Tile
-        USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = true
-        USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = true
-        TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 5
-      end
-    end
-  elsif ver[1].to_i <= 7
-    module Tk
-      module Tile
-        USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = false
-        USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = true
-        TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 7
-      end
-    end
-  else
-    # version 0.8 or later
-    module Tk
-      module Tile
-        USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = false
-        USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = true
-        TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 8
-      end
+if ver[0].to_i == 0 && ver[1].to_i <= 4
+  # version 0.4 or former
+  module Tk
+    module Tile
+      USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = true
+      USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = false
+      TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 0
     end
   end
-
-  module Tk::Tile
-    PACKAGE_NAME = 'tile'.freeze
+elsif ver[0].to_i == 0 && ver[1].to_i <= 6
+  # version 0.5 -- version 0.6
+  module Tk
+    module Tile
+      USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = true
+      USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = true
+      TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 5
+    end
   end
 else
-  # Ttk package merged Tcl/Tk core (Tcl/Tk 8.5+)
+  # version 0.7 or later
   module Tk
     module Tile
       USE_TILE_NAMESPACE = false
       USE_TTK_NAMESPACE  = true
-      TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 8
-
-      PACKAGE_NAME = 'Ttk'.freeze
+      TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID = 7
     end
   end
 end
@@ -85,114 +51,30 @@ module Tk
   module Tile
     TkComm::TkExtlibAutoloadModule.unshift(self)
 
+    PACKAGE_NAME = 'tile'.freeze
     def self.package_name
       PACKAGE_NAME
     end
 
     def self.package_version
       begin
-        TkPackage.require(PACKAGE_NAME)
+        TkPackage.require('tile')
       rescue
         ''
       end
     end
 
     def self.__Import_Tile_Widgets__!
-      warn 'Warning: "Tk::Tile::__Import_Tile_Widgets__!" is obsolete.' <<
-           ' To control default widget set, use "Tk.default_widget_set = :Ttk"'
       Tk.tk_call('namespace', 'import', '-force', 'ttk::*')
     end
 
-    def self.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
-      # Ttk 8.5 (Tile 0.8) lost 'LoadImages' utility procedure.
-      # So, some old scripts doen't work, because those scripts use the 
-      # procedure to define local styles. 
-      # Of course, rewriting such Tcl/Tk scripts isn't difficult for 
-      # Tcl/Tk users. However, it may be troublesome for Ruby/Tk users 
-      # who use such Tcl/Tk scripts as it is.
-      # This method may help Ruby/Tk users who don't want to modify old 
-      # Tcl/Tk scripts for the latest version of Ttk (Tile) extension.
-      # This method defines a comaptible 'LoadImages' procedure on the 
-      # Tcl/Tk interpreter working under Ruby/Tk. 
-      # Please give attention to use this method. It may conflict with 
-      # some definitions on Tcl/Tk scripts. 
-      klass_name = self.name
-      proc_name = 'LoadImages'
-      if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
-        ns_list = ['::tile']
-        if Tk.info(:commands, "::ttk::#{proc_name}").empty?
-          ns_list << '::ttk'
-        end
-      else # Tk::Tile::USE_TILE_NAMESPACE
-        ns_list = ['::ttk']
-        if Tk.info(:commands, "::tile::#{proc_name}").empty?
-          ns_list << '::tile'
-        end
-      end
-
-      ns_list.each{|ns|
-        cmd = "#{ns}::#{proc_name}"
-        unless Tk.info(:commands, cmd).empty?
-          #fail RuntimeError, "can't define '#{cmd}' command (already exist)"
-
-          # do nothing !!!
-          warn "Warning: can't define '#{cmd}' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
-          next
-        end
-        TkNamespace.eval(ns){
-          TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs(proc_name, 'imgdir {patterns {*.gif}}', 
-                                      <<-'EOS')
-            foreach pattern $patterns {
-              foreach file [glob -directory $imgdir $pattern] {
-                set img [file tail [file rootname $file]]
-                if {![info exists images($img)]} {
-                  set images($img) [image create photo -file $file]
-                }
-              }
-            }
-            return [array get images]
-          EOS
-        }
+    def self.load_images(imgdir, pat=TkComm::None)
+      images = Hash[*TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('::tile::LoadImages', 
+                                                  imgdir, pat))]
+      images.keys.each{|k|
+        images[k] = TkPhotoImage.new(:imagename=>images[k], 
+                                     :without_creating=>true)
       }
-    end
-
-    def self.load_images(imgdir, pat=nil)
-      if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8
-        if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
-          cmd = '::ttk::LoadImages'
-        else # Tk::Tile::USE_TILE_NAMESPACE
-          cmd = '::tile::LoadImages'
-        end
-        pat ||= TkComm::None
-        images = Hash[*TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call(cmd, imgdir, pat))]
-        images.keys.each{|k|
-          images[k] = TkPhotoImage.new(:imagename=>images[k], 
-                                       :without_creating=>true)
-        }
-      else ## TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID >= 8
-        pat ||= '*.gif'
-        if pat.kind_of?(Array)
-          pat_list = pat
-        else
-          pat_list = [ pat ]
-        end
-        Dir.chdir(imgdir){
-          pat_list.each{|pat|
-            Dir.glob(pat).each{|f|
-              img = File.basename(f, '.*')
-              unless TkComm.bool(Tk.info('exists', "images(#{img})"))
-                Tk.tk_call('set', "images(#{img})", 
-                           Tk.tk_call('image', 'create', 'photo', '-file', f))
-              end
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        images = Hash[*TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('array', 'get', 'images'))]
-        images.keys.each{|k|
-          images[k] = TkPhotoImage.new(:imagename=>images[k], 
-                                       :without_creating=>true)
-        }
-      end
 
       images
     end
@@ -201,53 +83,12 @@ module Tk
       args.map!{|arg| TkComm._get_eval_string(arg)}.join('.')
     end
 
-    def self.themes(glob_ptn = nil)
-      if TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8 && Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::themes').empty?
-        fail RuntimeError, 'not support glob option' if glob_ptn
-        cmd = ['::tile::availableThemes']
-      else
-        glob_ptn = '*' unless glob_ptn
-        cmd = ['::ttk::themes', glob_ptn]
-      end
-
-      begin
-        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call_without_enc(*cmd))
-      rescue
-        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('lsearch', '-all', '-inline', 
-                                     Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names, 
-                                     glob_ptn))
-      end
-    end
-
-    def self.set_theme(theme)
-      if TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8 && Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::setTheme').empty?
-        cmd = '::tile::setTheme'
-      else
-        cmd = '::ttk::setTheme'
-      end
-
-      begin
-        Tk.tk_call_without_enc(cmd, theme)
-      rescue
-        Tk::Tile::Style.theme_use(theme)
-      end
-    end
-
     module KeyNav
-      if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8
-        def self.enableMnemonics(w)
-          Tk.tk_call('::keynav::enableMnemonics', w)
-        end
-        def self.defaultButton(w)
-          Tk.tk_call('::keynav::defaultButton', w)
-        end
-      else # dummy
-        def self.enableMnemonics(w)
-          ""
-        end
-        def self.defaultButton(w)
-          ""
-        end
+      def self.enableMnemonics(w)
+        Tk.tk_call('::keynav::enableMnemonics', w)
+      end
+      def self.defaultButton(w)
+        Tk.tk_call('::keynav::defaultButton', w)
       end
     end
 
@@ -262,12 +103,6 @@ module Tk
       Menu         = 'TkMenuFont'
       SmallCaption = 'TkSmallCaptionFont'
       Icon         = 'TkIconFont'
-
-      TkFont::SYSTEM_FONT_NAMES.add [
-        'TkDefaultFont', 'TkTextFont', 'TkHeadingFont', 
-        'TkCaptionFont', 'TkTooltipFont', 'TkFixedFont', 
-        'TkMenuFont', 'TkSmallCaptionFont', 'TkIconFont'
-      ]
     end
 
     module ParseStyleLayout
@@ -306,7 +141,7 @@ module Tk
       end
       private :__val2ruby_optkeys
 
-      def ttk_instate(state, script=nil, &b)
+      def instate(state, script=nil, &b)
         if script
           tk_send('instate', state, script)
         elsif b
@@ -315,30 +150,19 @@ module Tk
           bool(tk_send('instate', state))
         end
       end
-      alias tile_instate ttk_instate
 
-      def ttk_state(state=nil)
+      def state(state=nil)
         if state
           tk_send('state', state)
         else
           list(tk_send('state'))
         end
       end
-      alias tile_state ttk_state
 
-      def ttk_identify(x, y)
+      def identify(x, y)
         ret = tk_send_without_enc('identify', x, y)
         (ret.empty?)? nil: ret
       end
-      alias tile_identify ttk_identify
-
-      # remove instate/state/identify method 
-      # to avoid the conflict with widget options
-      if Tk.const_defined?(:USE_OBSOLETE_TILE_STATE_METHOD) && Tk::USE_OBSOLETE_TILE_STATE_METHOD
-        alias instate  ttk_instate
-        alias state    ttk_state
-        alias identify ttk_identify
-      end
     end
 
     ######################################
@@ -364,24 +188,18 @@ module Tk
 
     autoload :TLabelframe,   'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
     autoload :Labelframe,    'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
-    autoload :TLabelFrame,   'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
-    autoload :LabelFrame,    'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
 
     autoload :TLabel,        'tkextlib/tile/tlabel'
     autoload :Label,         'tkextlib/tile/tlabel'
 
     autoload :TMenubutton,   'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
     autoload :Menubutton,    'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
-    autoload :TMenuButton,   'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
-    autoload :MenuButton,    'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
 
     autoload :TNotebook,     'tkextlib/tile/tnotebook'
     autoload :Notebook,      'tkextlib/tile/tnotebook'
 
     autoload :TPaned,        'tkextlib/tile/tpaned'
     autoload :Paned,         'tkextlib/tile/tpaned'
-    autoload :PanedWindow,   'tkextlib/tile/tpaned'
-    autoload :Panedwindow,   'tkextlib/tile/tpaned'
 
     autoload :TProgressbar,  'tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar'
     autoload :Progressbar,   'tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar'
@@ -398,8 +216,6 @@ module Tk
 
     autoload :TScrollbar,    'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar'
     autoload :Scrollbar,     'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar'
-    autoload :XScrollbar,    'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar'
-    autoload :YScrollbar,    'tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar'
 
     autoload :TSeparator,    'tkextlib/tile/tseparator'
     autoload :Separator,     'tkextlib/tile/tseparator'
@@ -407,13 +223,8 @@ module Tk
     autoload :TSquare,       'tkextlib/tile/tsquare'
     autoload :Square,        'tkextlib/tile/tsquare'
 
-    autoload :SizeGrip,      'tkextlib/tile/sizegrip'
-    autoload :Sizegrip,      'tkextlib/tile/sizegrip'
-
     autoload :Treeview,      'tkextlib/tile/treeview'
 
     autoload :Style,         'tkextlib/tile/style'
   end
 end
-
-Ttk = Tk::Tile
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
index ef2d1fe577..b10378d7de 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
@@ -54,21 +54,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::Dialog
     window(tk_call_without_enc('::ttk::dialog::clientframe', @path))
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    @keys[slot.to_s]
-  end
-  def cget(slot)
-    @keys[slot.to_s]
-  end
-=begin
   def cget(slot)
-    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      cget_strict(slot)
-    else
-      cget_strict(slot) rescue nil
-    end
+    @keys[slot]
   end
-=end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/sizegrip.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/sizegrip.rb
index c5068919a4..ea796583b0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/sizegrip.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/sizegrip.rb
@@ -9,13 +9,9 @@ module Tk
   module Tile
     class SizeGrip < TkWindow
     end
-    Sizegrip = SizeGrip
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Sizegrip, :TkSizegrip, :TkSizeGrip)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::SizeGrip < TkWindow
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
index ca7ee99c32..59bc4b0d78 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
@@ -17,145 +17,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::Style
 end
 
 class << Tk::Tile::Style
-  if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8
-    TkCommandNames = ['style'.freeze].freeze
-
-    # --- Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__! ---
-    # On Ttk (Tile) extension, 'style' command has imcompatible changes 
-    # depend on the version of the extention. It requires modifying the 
-    # Tcl/Tk scripts to define local styles. The rule for modification 
-    # is a simple one. But, if users want to keep compatibility between 
-    # versions of the extension, they will have to contrive to do that. 
-    # It may be troublesome, especially for Ruby/Tk users.
-    # This method may help such work. This method make some definitions 
-    # on the Tcl/Tk interpreter to work with different version of style 
-    # command format. Please give attention to use this method. It may 
-    # conflict with some definitions on Tcl/Tk scripts. 
-    if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 7
-      def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-        __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
-
-        unless Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::style').empty?
-          # fail RuntimeError,
-          #      "can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)"
-
-          # do nothing !!!
-          warn "Warning: can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
-          return
-        end
-        TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
-        if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
-          if [string equal [lindex $args 3] image] {
-            set spec [lindex $args 4]
-            set map  [lrange $spec 1 end]
-            if [llength $map] {
-              # return [eval [concat [list ::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [lindex $spec 0] -map $map] [lrange $args 5 end]]]
-              return [uplevel 1 [list ::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [lindex $spec 0] -map $map] [lrange $args 5 end]]
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        # return [eval "::style $args"]
-        return [uplevel 1 ::style $args]
-      EOS
-        #########################
-      end
-    else ### TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID == 7
-      def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-        __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
-
-        unless Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::style').empty?
-          # fail RuntimeError,
-          #     "can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)"
-
-          # do nothing !!!
-          warn "Warning: can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
-          return
-        end
-        TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
-        if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
-          if [string equal [lindex $args 3] image] {
-            set spec [lindex $args 4]
-            set map  [lrange $spec 1 end]
-            if [llength $map] {
-              # return [eval [concat [list ::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [lindex $spec 0] -map $map] [lrange $args 5 end]]]
-              return [uplevel 1 [list ::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [lindex $spec 0] -map $map] [lrange $args 5 end]]]
-            }
-          }
-        } elseif [string equal [lindex $args 0] default] {
-          # return [eval "::style [lreplace $args 0 0 configure]"]
-          return [uplevel 1 ::style [lreplace $args 0 0 configure]]
-        }
-        # return [eval "::style $args"]
-        return [uplevel 1 ::style $args]
-      EOS
-        #########################
-      end
-    end
-  else ### TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID >= 8
-    TkCommandNames = ['::ttk::style'.freeze].freeze
-
-    def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-      __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
-
-      unless Tk.info(:commands, '::style').empty?
-        # fail RuntimeError, "can't define '::style' command (already exist)"
-
-        # do nothing !!!
-        warn "Warning: can't define '::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
-        return
-      end
-      TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
-        if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
-          if [string equal [lindex $args 3] image] {
-            set name [lindex $args 4]
-            set opts [lrange $args 5 end]
-            set idx [lsearch $opts -map]
-            if {$idx >= 0 && [expr $idx % 2 == 0]} {
-             # return [eval [concat [list ::ttk::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [concat $name [lindex $opts [expr $idx + 1]]]] [lreplace $opts $idx [expr $idx + 1]]]]
-              return [uplevel 1 [list ::ttk::style element create [lindex $args 2] image [concat $name [lindex $opts [expr $idx + 1]]]] [lreplace $opts $idx [expr $idx + 1]]]
-            }
-          }
-        } elseif [string equal [lindex $args 0] default] {
-          # return [eval "::ttk::style [lreplace $args 0 0 configure]"]
-          return [uplevel 1 ::ttk::style [lreplace $args 0 0 configure]]
-        }
-        # return [eval "::ttk::style $args"]
-        return [uplevel 1 ::ttk::style $args]
-      EOS
-      #########################
-    end
-  end
-
-  def __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
-    TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::themes', '{ptn *}', <<-'EOS')
-      #set themes [list]
-      set themes [::ttk::style theme names]
-      foreach pkg [lsearch -inline -all -glob [package names] ttk::theme::$ptn] {
-          set theme [namespace tail $pkg]
-          if {[lsearch -exact $themes $theme] < 0} {
-              lappend themes $theme
-          }
-      }
-      foreach pkg [lsearch -inline -all -glob [package names] tile::theme::$ptn] {
-          set theme [namespace tail $pkg]
-          if {[lsearch -exact $themes $theme] < 0} {
-              lappend themes $theme
-          }
-      }
-      return $themes
-    EOS
-    #########################
-    TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::setTheme', 'theme', <<-'EOS')
-      variable currentTheme
-      if {[lsearch -exact [::ttk::style theme names] $theme] < 0} {
-          package require [lsearch -inline -regexp [package names] (ttk|tile)::theme::$theme]
-      }
-      ::ttk::style theme use $theme
-      set currentTheme $theme
-    EOS
-  end
-  private :__define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
-
   def configure(style=nil, keys=nil)
     if style.kind_of?(Hash)
       keys = style
@@ -170,9 +31,9 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     end
 
     if keys && keys != None
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], sub_cmd, style, *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_call('style', sub_cmd, style, *hash_kv(keys))
     else
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], sub_cmd, style)
+      tk_call('style', sub_cmd, style)
     end
   end
   alias default configure
@@ -185,33 +46,14 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     style = '.' unless style
 
     if keys && keys != None
-      if keys.kind_of?(Hash)
-        tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'map', style, *hash_kv(keys))
-      else
-        simplelist(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'map', style, '-' << keys.to_s))
-      end
+      tk_call('style', 'map', style, *hash_kv(keys))
     else
-      ret = {}
-      Hash[*(simplelist(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'map', style)))].each{|k, v|
-        ret[k[1..-1]] = list(v)
-      }
-      ret
+      tk_call('style', 'map', style)
     end
   end
-  alias map_configure map
-
-  def map_configinfo(style=nil, key=None)
-    style = '.' unless style
-    map(style, key)
-  end
-
-  def map_default_configinfo(key=None)
-    map('.', key)
-  end
 
   def lookup(style, opt, state=None, fallback_value=None)
-    tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'lookup', style, 
-            '-' << opt.to_s, state, fallback_value)
+    tk_call('style', 'lookup', style, '-' << opt.to_s, state, fallback_value)
   end
 
   include Tk::Tile::ParseStyleLayout
@@ -224,93 +66,42 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     style = '.' unless style
 
     if spec
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'layout', style, spec)
+      tk_call('style', 'layout', style, spec)
     else
-      _style_layout(list(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'layout', style)))
+      _style_layout(list(tk_call('style', 'layout', style)))
     end
   end
 
   def element_create(name, type, *args)
-    if type == 'image' || type == :image
-      element_create_image(name, *args)
-    else
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'element', 'create', name, type, *args)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def element_create_image(name, *args)
-    fail ArgumentError, 'Must supply a base image' unless (spec = args.shift)
-    if (opts = args.shift)
-      if opts.kind_of?(Hash)
-        opts = _symbolkey2str(opts)
-      else
-        fail ArgumentError, 'bad option'
-      end
-    end
-    fail ArgumentError, 'too many arguments' unless args.empty?
-
-    if spec.kind_of?(Array)
-      # probably, command format is tile 0.8+ (Tcl/Tk8.5+) style
-      if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID >= 8
-        if opts
-          tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 
-                  'element', 'create', name, 'image', spec, opts)
-        else
-          tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'element', 'create', name, 'image', spec)
-        end
-      else
-        fail ArgumentError, 'illegal arguments' if opts.key?('map')
-        base = spec.shift
-        opts['map'] = spec
-        tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 
-                'element', 'create', name, 'image', base, opts)
-      end
-    else
-      # probably, command format is tile 0.7.8 or older style
-      if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID >= 8
-        spec = [spec, *(opts.delete('map'))] if opts.key?('map')
-      end
-      if opts
-        tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 
-                'element', 'create', name, 'image', spec, opts)
-      else
-        tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'element', 'create', name, 'image', spec)
-      end
-    end
+    tk_call('style', 'element', 'create', name, type, *args)
   end
 
   def element_names()
-    list(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'element', 'names'))
+    list(tk_call('style', 'element', 'names'))
   end
 
   def element_options(elem)
-    simplelist(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'element', 'options', elem))
+    simplelist(tk_call('style', 'element', 'options', elem))
   end
 
   def theme_create(name, keys=nil)
-    name = name.to_s
     if keys && keys != None
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'theme', 'create', name, *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_call('style', 'theme', 'create', name, *hash_kv(keys))
     else
-      tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'theme', 'create', name)
+      tk_call('style', 'theme', 'create', name)
     end
-    name
   end
 
   def theme_settings(name, cmd=nil, &b)
-    name = name.to_s
     cmd = Proc.new(&b) if !cmd && b
-    tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'theme', 'settings', name, cmd)
-    name
+    tk_call('style', 'theme', 'settings', name, cmd)
   end
 
   def theme_names()
-    list(tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'theme', 'names'))
+    list(tk_call('style', 'theme', 'names'))
   end
 
   def theme_use(name)
-    name = name.to_s
-    tk_call(TkCommandNames[0], 'theme', 'use', name)
-    name
+    tk_call('style', 'theme', 'use', name)
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tbutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tbutton.rb
index 5d7db10fe9..1142a27100 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tbutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tbutton.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TButton < Tk::Button
+    class TButton < TkButton
     end
     Button = TButton
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Button, :TkButton)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TButton < Tk::Button
+class Tk::Tile::TButton < TkButton
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton.rb
index 172225fcec..fce799683d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcheckbutton.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TCheckButton < Tk::CheckButton
+    class TCheckButton < TkCheckButton
     end
     TCheckbutton = TCheckButton
     CheckButton  = TCheckButton
@@ -15,11 +15,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Checkbutton, 
-                            :TkCheckbutton, :TkCheckButton)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TCheckButton < Tk::CheckButton
+class Tk::Tile::TCheckButton < TkCheckButton
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcombobox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcombobox.rb
index b64372f1c9..e8e042fbd9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcombobox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tcombobox.rb
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Combobox, :TkCombobox)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TCombobox < Tk::Tile::TEntry
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
index 0bea98dcd9..4d57ce7756 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TEntry < Tk::Entry
+    class TEntry < TkEntry
     end
     Entry = TEntry
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Entry, :TkEntry)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TEntry < Tk::Entry
+class Tk::Tile::TEntry < TkEntry
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
@@ -27,11 +24,6 @@ class Tk::Tile::TEntry < Tk::Entry
   WidgetClassName = 'TEntry'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
-  def __optkey_aliases
-    {:vcmd=>:validatecommand, :invcmd=>:invalidcommand}
-  end
-  private :__optkey_aliases
-
   def __boolval_optkeys
     super() << 'exportselection'
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tframe.rb
index 3b5f98bb6e..691c9c42af 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tframe.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TFrame < Tk::Frame
+    class TFrame < TkFrame
     end
     Frame = TFrame
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Frame, :TkFrame)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TFrame < Tk::Frame
+class Tk::Tile::TFrame < TkFrame
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabel.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabel.rb
index 7d074d3842..4111d1906a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabel.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TLabel < Tk::Label
+    class TLabel < TkLabel
     end
     Label = TLabel
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Label, :TkLabel)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TLabel < Tk::Label
+class Tk::Tile::TLabel < TkLabel
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe.rb
index cff66d8658..8981232b25 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe.rb
@@ -9,16 +9,10 @@ module Tk
   module Tile
     class TLabelframe < Tk::Tile::TFrame
     end
-    TLabelFrame = TLabelframe
-    Labelframe  = TLabelframe
-    LabelFrame  = TLabelframe
+    Labelframe = TLabelframe
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Labelframe, 
-                            :TkLabelframe, :TkLabelFrame)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TLabelframe < Tk::Tile::TFrame
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton.rb
index 7c6ab28e52..4b81fa1c81 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton.rb
@@ -7,19 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TMenubutton < Tk::Menubutton
+    class TMenubutton < TkMenubutton
     end
-    TMenuButton = TMenubutton
-    Menubutton  = TMenubutton
-    MenuButton  = TMenubutton
+    Menubutton = TMenubutton
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Menubutton, 
-                            :TkMenubutton, :TkMenuButton)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TMenubutton < Tk::Menubutton
+class Tk::Tile::TMenubutton < TkMenubutton
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
index 4d65e363da..a928e64b61 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Notebook, :TkNotebook)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TNotebook < TkWindow
   ################################
   include TkItemConfigMethod
@@ -41,34 +38,12 @@ class Tk::Tile::TNotebook < TkWindow
   private :__item_methodcall_optkeys
 
   #alias tabcget itemcget
-  #alias tabcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias tabconfigure itemconfigure
   alias tabconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_tabconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  def tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    tabconfigure(tagOrId, option)[-1]
-  end
   def tabcget(tagOrId, option)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    else
-      begin
-        tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_tabconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
+    tabconfigure(tagOrId, option)[-1]
   end
   ################################
 
@@ -99,9 +74,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::TNotebook < TkWindow
 
   def add(child, keys=nil)
     if keys && keys != None
-      tk_send('add', _epath(child), *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(child), *hash_kv(keys))
     else
-      tk_send('add', _epath(child))
+      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(child))
     end
     self
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
index d96ff43973..11178b19d3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
@@ -9,23 +9,15 @@ module Tk
   module Tile
     class TPaned < TkWindow
     end
-    PanedWindow = Panedwindow = Paned = TPaned
+    Paned = TPaned
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Panedwindow, 
-                            :TkPanedwindow, :TkPanedWindow)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TPaned < TkWindow
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
-    if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8
-      TkCommandNames = ['::ttk::paned'.freeze].freeze
-    else
-      TkCommandNames = ['::ttk::panedwindow'.freeze].freeze
-    end
+    TkCommandNames = ['::ttk::paned'.freeze].freeze
   else
     TkCommandNames = ['::tpaned'.freeze].freeze
   end
@@ -36,21 +28,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::TPaned < TkWindow
     [self::WidgetClassName, *(args.map!{|a| _get_eval_string(a)})].join('.')
   end
 
-  def add(*args)
-    keys = args.pop
-    fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" unless keys
-
-    if keys && keys.kind_of?(Hash)
-      fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" if args == []
-      opts = hash_kv(keys)
-    else
-      args.push(keys) if keys
-      opts = []
-    end
-
-    args.each{|win|
-      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(win), *opts)
-    }
+  def add(win, keys)
+    win = _epath(win)
+    tk_send_without_enc('add', win, *hash_kv(keys))
     self
   end
 
@@ -66,33 +46,10 @@ class Tk::Tile::TPaned < TkWindow
     self
   end
 
-  def panecget_strict(pane, slot)
+  def panecget(pane, slot)
     pane = _epath(pane)
     tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('pane', pane, "-#{slot}"))
   end
-  alias pane_cget_strict panecget_strict
-
-  def panecget(pane, slot)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      panecget_strict(pane, slot)
-    else
-      begin
-        panecget_strict(pane, slot)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_paneconfiginfo(pane).has_key?(slot.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
-    end
-  end
   alias pane_cget panecget
 
   def paneconfigure(pane, key, value=nil)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar.rb
index f786d370dd..36c1c75c23 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tprogressbar.rb
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Progressbar, :TkProgressbar)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TProgressbar
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton.rb
index d653a6d256..e2f614cb97 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tradiobutton.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TRadioButton < Tk::RadioButton
+    class TRadioButton < TkRadioButton
     end
     TRadiobutton = TRadioButton
     RadioButton  = TRadioButton
@@ -15,11 +15,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Radiobutton, 
-                            :TkRadiobutton, :TkRadioButton)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TRadioButton < Tk::RadioButton
+class Tk::Tile::TRadioButton < TkRadioButton
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
index c978a1a07b..68e478896c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Treeview, :TkTreeview)
-
-
 module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   include TkItemConfigMethod
 
@@ -33,12 +30,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__tile_specific_item_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).join('|')})$/
             begin
@@ -204,12 +195,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
-
-          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
-          if real_name
-            slot = real_name.to_s
-          end
-
           case slot
           when /^(#{__tile_specific_item_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).join('|')})$/
             begin
@@ -393,7 +378,7 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     when :item, 'item'
       ['width']
     when :column, 'column'
-      super(id[1]) + ['minwidth']
+      super(id[1])
     when :tag, 'tag'
       super(id[1])
     when :heading, 'heading'
@@ -425,7 +410,7 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     when :item, 'item'
       ['open']
     when :column, 'column'
-      super(id[1]) + ['stretch']
+      super(id[1])
     when :tag, 'tag'
       super(id[1])
     when :heading, 'heading'
@@ -520,21 +505,17 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   end
 
   alias __itemcget itemcget
-  alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias __itemconfigure itemconfigure
   alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :__itemcget, :__itemcget_strict
-  private :__itemconfigure, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :__itemcget, :__itemconfigure
+  private :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
   # Treeview Item
   def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:item, tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    __itemcget_strict([:item, tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:item, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -549,9 +530,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   def columncget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:column, tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def columncget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    __itemcget_strict([:column, tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def columnconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:column, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -562,13 +540,12 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:column, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias column_cget columncget
-  alias column_cget_strict columncget_strict
   alias column_configure columnconfigure
   alias column_configinfo columnconfiginfo
   alias current_column_configinfo current_columnconfiginfo
 
   # Treeview Heading
-  def headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+  def headingcget(tagOrId, option)
     if __tile_specific_item_optkeys([:heading, tagOrId]).index(option.to_s)
       begin
         # On tile-0.7.{2-8}, 'state' options has no '-' at its head.
@@ -578,28 +555,7 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
         tk_call(*(__item_cget_cmd([:heading, tagOrId]) << "-#{option}"))
       end
     else
-      __itemcget_strict([:heading, tagOrId], option)
-    end
-  end
-  def headingcget(tagOrId, option)
-    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
-      headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    else
-      begin
-        headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-      rescue => e
-        begin
-          if current_headingconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
-            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
-            fail e
-          else
-            # not tag error & option is unknown
-            nil
-          end
-        rescue
-          fail e  # tag error
-        end
-      end
+      __itemcget([:heading, tagOrId], option)
     end
   end
   def headingconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
@@ -631,7 +587,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:heading, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias heading_cget headingcget
-  alias heading_cget_strict headingcget_strict
   alias heading_configure headingconfigure
   alias heading_configinfo headingconfiginfo
   alias current_heading_configinfo current_headingconfiginfo
@@ -640,9 +595,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   def tagcget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:tag, tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def tagcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    __itemcget_strict([:tag, tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def tagconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:tag, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -653,7 +605,6 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:tag, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias tag_cget tagcget
-  alias tag_cget_strict tagcget_strict
   alias tag_configure tagconfigure
   alias tag_configinfo tagconfiginfo
   alias current_tag_configinfo current_tagconfiginfo
@@ -663,43 +614,30 @@ end
 
 class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item < TkObject
   ItemID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.clear
-    }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]
-        (Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id])? \
-             Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]
+    (Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id])? \
+          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def self.assign(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    obj = nil
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath] &&
-          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]
-        return Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]
-      end
+    if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath] &&
+        Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]
+      return Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id]
+    end
 
-      obj = self.allocate
-      obj.instance_eval{
-        @parent = @t = tree
-        @tpath = tpath
-        @path = @id = id
-      }
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath] ||= {}
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id] = obj
+    obj = self.allocate
+    obj.instance_eval{
+      @parent = @t = tree
+      @tpath = tpath
+      @path = @id = id
     }
+    ItemID_TBL[tpath] = {} unless ItemID_TBL[tpath]
+    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath][id] = obj
     obj
   end
 
@@ -728,10 +666,8 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item < TkObject
     @parent = @t = tree
     @tpath = tree.path
     @path = @id = _insert_item(@t, parent_item, idx, keys)
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      ItemID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless ItemID_TBL[@tpath]
-      ItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    ItemID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless ItemID_TBL[@tpath]
+    ItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
   end
   def id
     @id
@@ -740,9 +676,6 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item < TkObject
   def cget(option)
     @t.itemcget(@id, option)
   end
-  def cget_strict(option)
-    @t.itemcget_strict(@id, option)
-  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @t.itemconfigure(@id, key, value)
@@ -868,35 +801,22 @@ end
 class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Root < Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item
   def self.new(tree, keys = {})
     tpath = tree.path
-    obj = nil
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath] &&
-          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]['']
-        obj = Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]['']
-      else
-        #super(tree, keys)
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @parent = @t = tree
-          @tpath = tree.path
-          @path = @id = ''
-          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    obj.configure(keys) if keys && ! keys.empty?
-    obj
+    if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath] &&
+        Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]['']
+      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[tpath]['']
+    else
+      super(tree, keys)
+    end
   end
 
   def initialize(tree, keys = {})
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
     @parent = @t = tree
     @tpath = tree.path
     @path = @id = ''
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {}
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    unless Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath]
+      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath] = {}
+    end
+    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
   end
 end
 
@@ -906,42 +826,24 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag < TkObject
   include TkTreatTagFont
 
   TagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  Tag_ID = ['tile_treeview_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (Tag_ID = ['tile_treeview_tag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL.clear
-    }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath]
-        (Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath][id])? \
-               Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath]
+    (Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath][id])? \
+          Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::TagID_TBL[tpath][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(tree, keys=nil)
     @parent = @t = tree
     @tpath = tree.path
-    Tag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = Tag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tag_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    TagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      TagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TagID_TBL[@tpath]
-      TagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    @path = @id = Tag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    TagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless TagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    TagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tag_ID[1].succ!
     if keys && keys != None
       tk_call_without_enc(@tpath, 'tag', 'configure', *hash_kv(keys, true))
     end
@@ -982,9 +884,6 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag < TkObject
   def cget(option)
     @t.tagcget(@id, option)
   end
-  def cget_strict(option)
-    @t.tagcget_strict(@id, option)
-  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @t.tagconfigure(@id, key, value)
@@ -1017,12 +916,8 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview < TkWindow
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
   def __destroy_hook__
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::ItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::ItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
+    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item::ItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag::ItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
   end
 
   def self.style(*args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscale.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscale.rb
index 2c46fd9bd4..7ec72e3515 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscale.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TScale < Tk::Scale
+    class TScale < TkScale
     end
     Scale = TScale
 
@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Scale, :TkScale)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TScale < Tk::Scale
+class Tk::Tile::TScale < TkScale
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar.rb
index 163b8f4713..bd49ae18e3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tscrollbar.rb
@@ -7,16 +7,13 @@ require 'tkextlib/tile.rb'
 
 module Tk
   module Tile
-    class TScrollbar < Tk::Scrollbar
+    class TScrollbar < TkScrollbar
     end
     Scrollbar = TScrollbar
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Scrollbar, :TkScrollbar)
-
-
-class Tk::Tile::TScrollbar < Tk::Scrollbar
+class Tk::Tile::TScrollbar < TkScrollbar
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
   if Tk::Tile::USE_TTK_NAMESPACE
@@ -31,24 +28,3 @@ class Tk::Tile::TScrollbar < Tk::Scrollbar
     [self::WidgetClassName, *(args.map!{|a| _get_eval_string(a)})].join('.')
   end
 end
-
-class Tk::Tile::XScrollbar < Tk::Tile::TScrollbar
-  def create_self(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    keys['orient'] = 'horizontal'
-    super(keys)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-class Tk::Tile::YScrollbar < Tk::Tile::TScrollbar
-  def create_self(keys)
-    keys = {} unless keys
-    keys['orient'] = 'vertical'
-    super(keys)
-  end
-  private :create_self
-end
-
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::XScrollbar, :TkXScrollbar)
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::YScrollbar, :TkYScrollbar)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tseparator.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tseparator.rb
index 30fae2c525..ca731d4e5b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tseparator.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tseparator.rb
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ module Tk
   end
 end
 
-Tk.__set_toplevel_aliases__(:Ttk, Tk::Tile::Separator, :TkSeparator)
-
-
 class Tk::Tile::TSeparator < TkWindow
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
index d44068ed33..570c93b0d9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ require 'tkextlib/setup.rb'
 # call setup script
 require 'tkextlib/tkDND/setup.rb'
 
-# TkPackage.require('Shape', '0.3')
-TkPackage.require('Shape')
+# TkPackage.require('shape', '0.3')
+TkPackage.require('shape')
 
 module Tk
   module TkDND
     module Shape
       extend TkCore
 
-      PACKAGE_NAME = 'Shape'.freeze
+      PACKAGE_NAME = 'shape'.freeze
       def self.package_name
         PACKAGE_NAME
       end
@@ -27,28 +27,26 @@ module Tk
 =begin
       def self.package_version
         begin
-          TkPackage.require('Shape')
+          TkPackage.require('shape')
         rescue
           ''
         end
       end
 =end
-      class << self
-        def package_version
-          Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_version')
-        end
-        alias shape_version package_version
+      def self.package_version
+        Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_version')
+      end
+      alias shape_version package_version
 
-        def package_patchlevel
-          Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_patchLevel')
-        end
-        alias shape_patchlevel package_patchlevel
+      def self.package_patchlevel
+        Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_patchlevel')
+      end
+      alias shape_patchlevel package_patchlevel
 
-        def version
-          tk_call('shape', 'version')
-        end
-        alias xshape_version version
+      def self.version
+        tk_call('shape', 'version')
       end
+      alias xshape_version version
 
       ############################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
index 9a9b2dc42c..a040532eb6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
@@ -57,24 +57,6 @@ module Tk
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       # setup tables
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/htmlwidget.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/htmlwidget.rb
index d893a83cf2..8527f61df1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/htmlwidget.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkHTML/htmlwidget.rb
@@ -39,10 +39,7 @@ class Tk::HTML_Widget::ClippingWindow
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
   HtmlClip_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    HtmlClip_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ HtmlClip_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ HtmlClip_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.new(parent, keys={})
     if parent.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -57,9 +54,7 @@ class Tk::HTML_Widget::ClippingWindow
     else
       ppath = ''
     end
-    HtmlClip_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      return HtmlClip_TBL[ppath] if HtmlClip_TBL[ppath]
-    }
+    return HtmlClip_TBL[ppath] if HtmlClip_TBL[ppath]
 
     widgetname = keys.delete('widgetname')
     if widgetname =~ /^(.*)\.[^.]+$/
@@ -67,9 +62,7 @@ class Tk::HTML_Widget::ClippingWindow
       if ppath2[0] != ?.
         ppath2 = ppath + '.' + ppath2
       end
-      HtmlClip_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-        return HtmlClip_TBL[ppath2] if HtmlClip_TBL[ppath2]
-      }
+      return HtmlClip_TBL[ppath2] if HtmlClip_TBL[ppath2]
 
       ppath = ppath2
     end
@@ -86,9 +79,7 @@ class Tk::HTML_Widget::ClippingWindow
     @parent = parent
     @ppath = parent.path
     @path = @id = @ppath + '.x'
-    HtmlClip_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      HtmlClip_TBL[@ppath] = self
-    }
+    HtmlClip_TBL[@ppath] = self
   end
 
   def method_missing(m, *args, &b)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
index f6cf24b40f..4edaabc847 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
@@ -77,9 +77,6 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
   def tag_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
   end
-  def tag_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
-  end
   def tag_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], slot, value)
   end
@@ -93,9 +90,6 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
   def window_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
   end
-  def window_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
-  end
   def window_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     if slot == :window || slot == 'window'
       value = _epath(value)
@@ -114,8 +108,8 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 #####################################################
@@ -124,39 +118,23 @@ class Tk::TkTable::CellTag
   include TkTreatTagFont
 
   CellTagID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  CellTag_ID = ['tktbl:celltag'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (CellTag_ID = ['tktbl:celltag'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ CellTagID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ CellTagID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(table, id)
     tpath = table.path
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if CellTagID_TBL[tpath]
-        CellTagID_TBL[tpath][id]? CellTagID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless CellTagID_TBL[tpath]
+    CellTagID_TBL[tpath][id]? CellTagID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, keys=nil)
     @parent = @t = parent
     @tpath - parent.path
-    CellTag_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = CellTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      CellTag_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CellTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-      CellTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    @path = @id = CellTag_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    CellTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    CellTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    CellTag_ID[1].succ!
     configure(keys) if keys
   end
 
@@ -166,9 +144,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable::CellTag
 
   def destroy
     tk_call(@tpath, 'tag', 'delete', @id)
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CellTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id) if CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-    }
+    CellTagID_TBL[@tpath].delete(@id) if CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
     self
   end
   alias delete destroy
@@ -200,9 +176,6 @@ class Tk::TkTable::CellTag
   def cget(key)
     @t.tag_cget(@id, key)
   end
-  def cget_strict(key)
-    @t.tag_cget_strict(@id, key)
-  end
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @t.tag_configure(@id, key, val)
   end
@@ -216,35 +189,22 @@ end
 
 class Tk::TkTable::NamedCellTag < Tk::TkTable::CellTag
   def self.new(parent, name, keys=nil)
-    obj = nil
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if CellTagID_TBL[parent.path] && CellTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-        obj = CellTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      else
-        #super(parent, name, keys)
-        (obj = self.allocate).instance_eval{
-          @parent = @t = parent
-          @tpath = parent.path
-          @path = @id = name
-          CellTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-          CellTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    obj.configure(keys) if keys && ! keys.empty?
-    obj
+    if CellTagID_TBL[parent.path] && CellTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      cell = CellTagID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      cell.configure(keys) if keys
+      return cell
+    else
+      super(parent, name, keys)
+    end
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, name, keys=nil)
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
     @parent = @t = parent
-    @tpath = parent.path
+    @tpath - parent.path
     @path = @id = name
-    CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      CellTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
-      CellTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
-    configure(keys) if keys && ! keys.empty?
+    CellTagID_TBL[@tpath] = {} unless CellTagID_TBL[@tpath]
+    CellTagID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    configure(keys) if keys
   end
 end
 
@@ -260,9 +220,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
   include Tk::ValidateConfigure
 
   def __destroy_hook__
-    Tk::TkTable::CelTag::CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TkTable::CelTag::CellTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
+    Tk::TkTable::CelTag::CellTagID_TBL.delete(@path)
   end
 
   def __boolval_optkeys
@@ -300,24 +258,6 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -351,24 +291,6 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -400,24 +322,6 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -452,24 +356,6 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
 
@@ -860,17 +746,15 @@ class Tk::TkTable
   end
 
   def tagid2obj(tagid)
-    Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL.key?(@path)
-        if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].key?(tagid)
-          Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path][tagid]
-        else
-          tagid
-        end
+    if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL.key?(@path)
+      if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].key?(tagid)
+        Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path][tagid]
       else
         tagid
       end
-    }
+    else
+      tagid
+    end
   end
 
   def tag_cell(tag, *cells)
@@ -891,15 +775,13 @@ class Tk::TkTable
   end
   def tag_delete(tag)
     tk_send('tag', 'delete', tagid(tag))
-    Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path]
-        if tag.kind_of? Tk::TkTable::CellTag
-          Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag.id) 
-        else
-          Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag) 
-        end
+    if Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path]
+      if tag.kind_of? Tk::TkTable::CellTag
+        Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag.id) 
+      else
+        Tk::TkTable::CellTag::CellTagID_TBL[@path].delete(tag) 
       end
-    }
+    end
     self
   end
   def tag_exist?(tag)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktrans/tktrans.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktrans/tktrans.rb
index e051c09211..665c57af0c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktrans/tktrans.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktrans/tktrans.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TkWindow
   end
 end
 
-class Tk::Root
+class TkRoot
   undef tktrans_set_image, tktrans_get_image
 
   def tktrans_set_image(img)
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Tk::Root
   end
 end
 
-class Tk::Toplevel
+class TkToplevel
   undef tktrans_set_image, tktrans_get_image
 
   def tktrans_set_image(img)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
index e10e6e299e..12f7cffabf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
@@ -137,24 +137,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::NotifyEvent
     nil
   ]
 
-=begin
-  # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-  KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-    if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-      inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-      inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-    end
-    inf
-  }
-
-  PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-    if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-      inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-    end
-    inf
-  }
-=end
-
   # setup tables to be used by scan_args, _get_subst_key, _get_all_subst_keys
   #
   #     _get_subst_key() and _get_all_subst_keys() generates key-string 
@@ -417,9 +399,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def column_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['column', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def column_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['column', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def column_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -433,9 +412,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def column_dragcget(option)
     itemcget(['column', 'drag'], option)
   end
-  def column_dragcget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict(['column', 'drag'], option)
-  end
   def column_dragconfigure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', 'drag'], slot, value)
   end
@@ -449,9 +425,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def debug_cget(option)
     itemcget('debug', option)
   end
-  def debug_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('debug', option)
-  end
   def debug_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('debug', slot, value)
   end
@@ -465,9 +438,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def dragimage_cget(option)
     itemcget('dragimage', option)
   end
-  def dragimage_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('dragimage', option)
-  end
   def dragimage_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('dragimage', slot, value)
   end
@@ -481,9 +451,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def element_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['element', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def element_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['element', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def element_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['element', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -497,9 +464,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def item_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['item', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def item_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['item', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def item_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['item', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -513,9 +477,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def item_element_cget(item, column, elem, option)
     itemcget([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], option)
   end
-  def item_element_cget_strict(item, column, elem, option)
-    itemcget_strict([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], option)
-  end
   def item_element_configure(item, column, elem, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], slot, value)
   end
@@ -529,9 +490,6 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def marquee_cget(option)
     itemcget('marquee', option)
   end
-  def marquee_cget_strict(option)
-    itemcget_strict('marquee', option)
-  end
   def marquee_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('marquee', slot, value)
   end
@@ -544,19 +502,7 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
 
   def notify_cget(win, pattern, option)
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
-    # "notify" doesn't have cget subcommand.
-    current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]])[option.to_s]
-  end
-  def notify_cget_strict(win, pattern, option)
-    pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
-    # "notify" doesn't have cget subcommand.
-    info = current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]])
-    option = option.to_s
-    unless info.has_key?(option)
-      fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"#{option}\""
-    else
-      info[option]
-    end
+    itemconfigure(['notify', [win, pattern]], option)
   end
   def notify_configure(win, pattern, slot, value=None)
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
@@ -566,17 +512,11 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
     itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]], slot)
   end
-  def current_notify_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
-    current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]], slot)
-  end
+  alias current_notify_configinfo notify_configinfo
 
   def style_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['style', tagOrId], option)
   end
-  def style_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
-    itemcget_strict(['style', tagOrId], option)
-  end
   def style_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['style', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -587,8 +527,8 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo(['style', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
-  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
+  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 ##############################################
@@ -604,18 +544,10 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl
   #########################
 
   def __destroy_hook__
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.delete(@path)
-    }
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.delete(@path)
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.delete(@path)
   end
 
   #########################
@@ -706,11 +638,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl
   end
 
   def column_delete(idx)
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[self.path]
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[self.path].delete(idx)
-      end
-    }
+    if Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[self.path]
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[self.path].delete(idx)
+    end
     tk_send('column', 'delete', idx)
     self
   end
@@ -820,13 +750,11 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl
   end
 
   def element_delete(*elems)
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[self.path]
-        elems.each{|elem|
-          Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[self.path].delete(elem)
-        }
-      end
-    }
+    if Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[self.path]
+      elems.each{|elem|
+        Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[self.path].delete(elem)
+      }
+    end
     tk_send('element', 'delete', *elems)
     self
   end
@@ -957,25 +885,22 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl
 
   def _erase_children(item)
     item_children(item).each{|i| _erase_children(i)}
-    # table is already locked
     Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[self.path].delete(item)
   end
   private :_erase_children
 
   def item_delete(first, last=None)
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[self.path]
-        if first == 'all' || first == :all || last == 'all' || last == :all
-          Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[self.path].clear
-        elsif last == None
-          _erase_children(first)
-        else
-          self.range(first, last).each{|id|
-            _erase_children(id)
-          }
-        end
+    if Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[self.path]
+      if first == 'all' || first == :all || last == 'all' || last == :all
+        Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[self.path].clear
+      elsif last == None
+        _erase_children(first)
+      else
+        self.range(first, last).each{|id|
+          _erase_children(id)
+        }
       end
-    }
+    end
     tk_send('item', 'delete', first, last)
     self
   end
@@ -1595,13 +1520,11 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl
   end
 
   def style_delete(*args)
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[self.path]
-        args.each{|sty|
-          Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[self.path].delete(sty)
-        }
-      end
-    }
+    if Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[self.path]
+      args.each{|sty|
+        Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[self.path].delete(sty)
+      }
+    end
     tk_send('style', 'delete', *args)
     self
   end
@@ -1685,29 +1608,15 @@ end
 
 class Tk::TreeCtrl::Column < TkObject
   TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TreeCtrlColumnID = ['treectrl_column'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (TreeCtrlColumnID = ['treectrl_column'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.clear
-    }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.clear}
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath]
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
-                   Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath]
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
+                 Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, keys={})
@@ -1716,19 +1625,17 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Column < TkObject
 
     keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
 
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = 
-        keys.delete('tag') ||
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID[1].succ!
-    }
+    @path = @id = 
+      keys.delete('tag') ||
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
 
     keys['tag'] = @id
 
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {} 
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[@tpath]
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[@tpath] = {} 
+    end
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Column::TreeCtrlColumnID[1].succ!
 
     @tree.column_create(keys)
   end
@@ -1744,9 +1651,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Column < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.column_cget(@tree.column_index(@id), opt)
   end
-  def cget_strict(opt)
-    @tree.column_cget_strict(@tree.column_index(@id), opt)
-  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.column_configure(@tree.column_index(@id), *args)
@@ -1788,18 +1692,11 @@ end
 
 class Tk::TreeCtrl::Element < TkObject
   TreeCtrlElementID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  (TreeCtrlElementID = ['treectrl_element'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
+  TreeCtrlElementID = ['treectrl_element'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
   TreeCtrlElemTypeToClass = {}
 
   TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.clear
-    }
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.clear
   }
 
   def self.type2class(type)
@@ -1808,30 +1705,22 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Element < TkObject
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[tpath]
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
+    return id unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[tpath]
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
                  Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, type, keys=nil)
     @tree = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
     @type = type.to_s
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = 
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID[1].succ!
-    }
-
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {} 
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    @path = @id = 
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[@tpath]
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[@tpath] = {} 
+    end
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Element::TreeCtrlElementID[1].succ!
 
     @tree.element_create(@id, @type, keys)
   end
@@ -1847,9 +1736,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Element < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.element_cget(@id, opt)
   end
-  def cget_strict(opt)
-    @tree.element_cget_strict(@id, opt)
-  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.element_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -1914,22 +1800,13 @@ end
 class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
   TreeCtrlItemID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
 
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.clear
-    }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.clear}
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath]
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
-                        Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath]
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
+                 Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, keys={})
@@ -1937,10 +1814,10 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
     @tpath = parent.path
     @path = @id = @tree.item_create(keys)
 
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {} 
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[@tpath]
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[@tpath] = {} 
+    end
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Item::TreeCtrlItemID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
   end
 
   def id
@@ -1981,9 +1858,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.item_cget(@id, opt)
   end
-  def cget_strict(opt)
-    @tree.item_cget_strict(@id, opt)
-  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.item_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -2017,9 +1891,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
   def element_cget(opt)
     @tree.item_element_cget(@id, opt)
   end
-  def element_cget_strict(opt)
-    @tree.item_element_cget_strict(@id, opt)
-  end
 
   def element_configure(*args)
     @tree.item_element_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -2217,45 +2088,27 @@ end
 
 class Tk::TreeCtrl::Style < TkObject
   TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
+  TreeCtrlStyleID = ['treectrl_style'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
 
-  (TreeCtrlStyleID = ['treectrl_style'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.clear
-    }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(tree, id)
     tpath = tree.path
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath]
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
-                     Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath]
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath][id]? \
+                 Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[tpath][id] : id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, keys=nil)
     @tree = parent
     @tpath = parent.path
-
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = 
-        Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID[1].succ!
-    }
-
-    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[@tpath] ||= {} 
-      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
-    }
+    @path = @id = 
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    unless Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[@tpath]
+      Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[@tpath] = {} 
+    end
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID_TBL[@tpath][@id] = self
+    Tk::TreeCtrl::Style::TreeCtrlStyleID[1].succ!
 
     @tree.style_create(@id, keys)
   end
@@ -2271,9 +2124,6 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Style < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.style_cget(@id, opt)
   end
-  def cget_strict(opt)
-    @tree.style_cget_strict(@id, opt)
-  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.style_configure(@id, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
index 434ed11a2e..c7816fd4a5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # release date of tkextlib
 #
 module Tk
-  Tkextlib_RELEASE_DATE = '2008-05-23'.freeze
+  Tkextlib_RELEASE_DATE = '2007-05-26'.freeze
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
index c1fb6857bf..78f3fa54da 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
@@ -116,26 +116,13 @@ end
 
 class Tk::Vu::PieSlice
   SliceID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  (Pie_Slice_ID = ['vu:pie'.freeze, '00000'.taint]).instance_eval{
-    @mutex = Mutex.new
-    def mutex; @mutex; end
-    freeze
-  }
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    SliceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ SliceID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  Pie_Slice_ID = ['vu:pie'.freeze, '00000'.taint].freeze
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ SliceID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(pie, id)
     pie_path = pie.path
-    SliceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if SliceID_TBL[pie_path]
-        SliceID_TBL[pie_path][id]? SliceID_TBL[pie_path][id]: id
-      else
-        id
-      end
-    }
+    return id unless SliceID_TBL[pie_path]
+    SliceID_TBL[pie_path][id]? SliceID_TBL[pie_path][id]: id
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, *args)
@@ -144,14 +131,10 @@ class Tk::Vu::PieSlice
     end
     @parent = @pie = parent
     @ppath = parent.path
-    Pie_Slice_ID.mutex.synchronize{
-      @path = @id = Pie_Slice_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
-      Pie_Slice_ID[1].succ!
-    }
-    SliceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      SliceID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SliceID_TBL[@ppath]
-      SliceID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
-    }
+    @path = @id = Pie_Slice_ID.join(TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_)
+    SliceID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SliceID_TBL[@ppath]
+    SliceID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
+    Pie_Slice_ID[1].succ!
 
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       keys = args.unshift
@@ -177,10 +160,6 @@ class Tk::Vu::PieSlice
     @pie.itemcget(@id, slot)
   end
 
-  def cget_strict(slot)
-    @pie.itemcget_strict(@id, slot)
-  end
-
   def configure(*args)
     @pie.itemconfigure(@id, *args)
     self
@@ -230,48 +209,22 @@ end
 
 class Tk::Vu::NamedPieSlice
   def self.new(parent, name, *args)
-    obj = nil
-    SliceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      if SliceID_TBL[parent.path] && SliceID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-        obj = SliceID_TBL[parent.path][name]
-      else
-        #super(parent, name, *args)
-        unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Vu::Pie)
-          fail ArgumentError, "expect a Tk::Vu::Pie instance for 1st argument"
-        end
-        obj = self.allocate
-        obj.instance_eval{
-          @parent = @pie = parent
-          @ppath = parent.path
-          @path = @id = name.to_s
-          SliceID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SliceID_TBL[@ppath]
-          SliceID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
-        }
-      end
-    }
-    obj.instance_eval{
-      if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
-        keys = args.unshift
-      end
-      @pie.set(@id, *args)
-      configure(keys)
-    }
-
-    obj
+    if SliceID_TBL[parent.path] && SliceID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+      return SliceID_TBL[parent.path][name]
+    else
+      super(parent, name, *args)
+    end
   end
 
   def initialize(parent, name, *args)
-    # dummy:: not called by 'new' method
     unless parent.kind_of?(Tk::Vu::Pie)
       fail ArgumentError, "expect a Tk::Vu::Pie instance for 1st argument"
     end
     @parent = @pie = parent
     @ppath = parent.path
     @path = @id = name.to_s
-    SliceID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      SliceID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SliceID_TBL[@ppath]
-      SliceID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
-    }
+    SliceID_TBL[@ppath] = {} unless SliceID_TBL[@ppath]
+    SliceID_TBL[@ppath][@id] = self
 
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       keys = args.unshift
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/spinbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/spinbox.rb
index a7e40ea319..b6499645a3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/spinbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/spinbox.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ end
 
 module Tk
   module Vu
-    Spinbox = Tk::Spinbox
+    Spinbox = TkSpinbox
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
index 00316fd441..c53a3ff48c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
@@ -34,15 +34,10 @@ end
 
 class Tk::Winico
   WinicoID_TBL = TkCore::INTERP.create_table
-
-  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{
-    WinicoID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{ WinicoID_TBL.clear }
-  }
+  TkCore::INTERP.init_ip_env{ WinicoID_TBL.clear }
 
   def self.id2obj(id)
-    WinicoID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      (WinicoID_TBL.key?(id))? WinicoID_TBL[id] : id
-    }
+    (WinicoID_TBL.key?(id))? WinicoID_TBL[id] : id
   end
 
   def self.info
@@ -86,9 +81,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
            "must be given proper information from where loading icons"
     end
     @path = @id
-    WinicoID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      WinicoID_TBL[@id] = self
-    }
+    WinicoID_TBL[@id] = self
   end
 
   def id
@@ -103,9 +96,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
 
   def delete
     tk_call('winico', 'delete', @id)
-    WinicoID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-      WinicoID_TBL.delete(@id)
-    }
+    WinicoID_TBL.delete(@id)
     self
   end
   alias destroy delete
@@ -135,39 +126,15 @@ class Tk::Winico
         [ ?n, TkComm.method(:number) ], 
         [ ?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], 
         [ ?x, proc{|id| 
-            Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
-              if Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL.key?(id)
-                obj = Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL[id]
-              else
-                # Tk::Winico.new(nil, nil, id)
-                obj = Tk::Winico.allocate
-                obj.instance_eval{ @path = @id = id }
-                Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL[id] = obj
-              end
-              obj
-            }
+            if Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL.key?(id)
+              Tk::Winico::WinicoID_TBL[id]
+            else
+              Tk::Winico.new(nil, nil, id)
+            end
           } ], 
         nil
       ]
 
-=begin
-      # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
-      KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-          inf[1] = inf[1].getbyte(0) if inf[1].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-
-      PROC_TBL.map!{|inf|
-        if inf.kind_of?(Array)
-          inf[0] = inf[0].getbyte(0) if inf[0].kind_of?(String)
-        end
-        inf
-      }
-=end
-
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
       def self.ret_val(val)
@@ -187,8 +154,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
     Winico_callback._config_keys.each{|k|
       if keys[k].kind_of?(Array)
         cmd, *args = keys[k]
-        #keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, *args)
+        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
        # elsif keys[k].kind_of?(Proc)
       elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[k])
         keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(keys[k])
@@ -204,8 +170,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
     Winico_callback._config_keys.each{|k|
       if keys[k].kind_of?(Array)
         cmd, *args = keys[k]
-        #keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
-        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, *args)
+        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
       # elsif keys[k].kind_of?(Proc)
       elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[k])
         keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(keys[k])
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/binstr_usage.rb b/ext/tk/sample/binstr_usage.rb
index be8399ba51..91692856f9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/binstr_usage.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/binstr_usage.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ to avoid such troubles. Please see the source code of this sample. \
 A Tk::BinaryString instance is used to create the image for the center button. 
 EOM
 
-ImgFile=[File.dirname(__FILE__), 'images','tcllogo.gif'].join(File::Separator)
+ImgFile=['images','tcllogo.gif'].join(File::Separator)
 
 ph1 = TkPhotoImage.new(:file=>ImgFile)
 p ph1.configinfo
@@ -28,18 +28,12 @@ ph2 = TkPhotoImage.new(:data=>b_str)
 p ph2.configinfo
 p ph2.data(:grayscale=>true)
 
-ph3 = TkPhotoImage.new(:palette=>256)
-ph3.put(ph2.data)
-
-ph4 = TkPhotoImage.new()
-ph4.put(ph2.data(:grayscale=>true))
-
-#p [b_str.encoding, b_str.rb_encoding]
+ph3 = TkPhotoImage.new()
+ph3.put(ph2.data(:grayscale=>true))
 
 f = TkFrame.new.pack
 TkButton.new(:parent=>f, :image=>ph1, :command=>proc{exit}).pack(:side=>:left)
 TkButton.new(:parent=>f, :image=>ph2, :command=>proc{exit}).pack(:side=>:left)
 TkButton.new(:parent=>f, :image=>ph3, :command=>proc{exit}).pack(:side=>:left)
-TkButton.new(:parent=>f, :image=>ph4, :command=>proc{exit}).pack(:side=>:left)
 
 Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
index 0b9bc7357e..f063bc53a4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $anilabel_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -45,8 +43,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # create frame for label demo
-f_left = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'GIF Image')
+f_left = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo, :text=>'GIF Image')
 Tk.pack(f_left, f_right, 'side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 
         'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
index 63a04a7b98..ebe27b875f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ $aniwave_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -60,7 +58,6 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
     @backupCoords = []
     n = 0
     (-10..300).step(5){|n| @waveCoords << [n, 100]; @backupCoords << [n, 100] }
-    n = 305
     @waveCoords << [n, 0]; @backupCoords << [n, 0]
     @waveCoords << [n+5, 200]; @backupCoords << [n+5, 200]
     @coordsLen = @waveCoords.length
@@ -115,4 +112,4 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-AnimatedWaveDemo.new(base_frame, :left).move
+AnimatedWaveDemo.new($aniwave_demo, :left).move
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
index 055cd2af3c..b62e1966eb 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
@@ -77,19 +77,11 @@ def arrowSetup(c)
               'arrow'=>'both', 'arrowshape'=>v.smallTips)
   TkcText.new(c, v.x2-5*v.b, tmp+5, 'text'=>v.b, 'anchor'=>'n')
 
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
-                'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]",'anchor'=>'w',
-                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-  else
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>'Helvetica 18')
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
-                'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]",
-                'anchor'=>'w', 'font'=>'Helvetica 18')
-  end
+  TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
+              'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
+              'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]", 'anchor'=>'w', 
+              'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
 
   v.count += 1
 end
@@ -107,16 +99,14 @@ $arrow_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($arrow_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This widget allows you to experiment with different widths and arrowhead shapes for lines in canvases.  To change the line width or the shape of the arrowhead, drag any of the three boxes attached to the oversized arrow.  The arrows on the right give examples at normal scale.  The text at the bottom shows the configuration options as you'd enter them for a canvas line item."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -134,7 +124,7 @@ $arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $arrow_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
+$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new($arrow_demo, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
                              'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2)
 $arrow_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
index 665592a2bc..aabe7f0849 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $bind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($bind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($bind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -45,14 +43,14 @@ def tag_binding_for_bind_demo(tag, enter_style, leave_style)
 end
 
 # text 
-txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
   # 
   setgrid 'true'
-  #width  60
-  #height 24
+  width  60
+  height 24
   font $font
   wrap 'word'
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($bind_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -96,32 +94,35 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   }
   d1.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'items.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d2.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'plot.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d3.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ctext.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d4.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'arrow.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d5.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ruler.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d6.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'cscroll.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
 
   TkTextMarkInsert.new(t, '0.0')
   configure('state','disabled')
 }
-
-txt.width  60
-txt.height 24
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
index 133adb0543..7fd551c7a5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def bitmapRow(w,*args)
       TkFrame.new(row){|base|
         pack('side'=>'left', 'fill'=>'both', 'pady'=>'.25c', 'padx'=>'.25c')
         TkLabel.new(base, 'text'=>bitmap, 'width'=>9).pack('side'=>'bottom')
-        Tk::Label.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
+        TkLabel.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
       }
     end
   }
@@ -40,16 +40,14 @@ $bitmap_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($bitmap_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays all of Tk's built-in bitmaps, along with the names you can use for them in Tcl scripts."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ $bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $bitmap_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo){|f|
   bitmapRow(f,'error','gray25','gray50','hourglass')
   bitmapRow(f,'info','question','questhead','warning')
   pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
index 5c03bd499b..6614d99c92 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($button_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame 
-$button_buttons = Tk::Frame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
+$button_buttons = TkFrame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
index 2951962a79..971a8fea73 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $check_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($check_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($check_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, 
+      showVars($check_demo, 
                ['wipers', wipers], ['brakes', brakes], ['sober', sober])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -65,8 +63,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton
-[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Wipers  OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Brakes  OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Wipers  OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Brakes  OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| w.relief('flat'); w.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
index faea748a87..97d61fba0c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $check2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($check2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($check2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -61,15 +59,15 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton
-TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, :text=>'Safety Check', :variable=>safety, 
+TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, :text=>'Safety Check', :variable=>safety, 
                   :relief=>:flat, :onvalue=>'all', :offvalue=>'none', 
                   :tristatevalue=>'partial'){
   pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
 }
 
-[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Wipers OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Brakes OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Wipers OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Brakes OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| 
   w.relief('flat')
   w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>15, 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
index 431439d55d..9486fde314 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #
 # widget demo prompts the user to select a color (called by 'widget')
 #
-#  Note: don't support ttk_wrapper. work with standard widgets only.
-#
 
 # toplevel widget
 if defined?($clrpick_demo) && $clrpick_demo
@@ -20,18 +18,13 @@ $clrpick_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-#TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
-Tk::Label.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Press the buttons below to choose the foreground and background colors for the widgets in this window.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-#TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-  # TkButton.new(frame) {
-  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
+TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $clrpick_demo
@@ -40,23 +33,20 @@ Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-  # TkButton.new(frame) {
-  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Show Code'
     command proc{showCode 'clrpick'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # button 
-# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
-Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
+TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'background', 
               ['background', 'highlightbackground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
 
-# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
-Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
+TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'foreground', ['foreground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
index 4300a660ae..66fb0afa36 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ $colors_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($colors_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 colors_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   colors_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
@@ -64,15 +62,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   colors_lbox.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>1, 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y')
 
-#colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
-colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{
-                   begin
-                     TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get
-                   rescue => e
-                     p e
-                     Tk.tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.___tk_set_palette')
-                   end
-                 })
+colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
 
 ins_data = [
   'gray60','gray70','gray80','gray85','gray90','gray95',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0907d9e8ec..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# combo.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates several combobox widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: combo.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($combo_demo) && $combo_demo
-  $combo_demo.destroy 
-  $combo_demo = nil
-end
-
-$combo_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Combobox Demonstration")
-  iconname("combo")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($combo_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Three different combo-boxes are displayed below. \
-You can add characters to the first \
-one by pointing, clicking and typing, just as with an entry; pressing \
-Return will cause the current value to be added to the list that is \
-selectable from the drop-down list, and you can choose other values \
-by pressing the Down key, using the arrow keys to pick another one, \
-and pressing Return again. The second combo-box is fixed to a \
-particular value, and cannot be modified at all. The third one only \
-allows you to select values from its drop-down list of Australian \
-cities.
-EOL
-
-## variables
-firstValue  = TkVariable.new
-secondValue = TkVariable.new
-ozCity      = TkVariable.new
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           showVars(base_frame, 
-                                    ['firstVariable', firstValue], 
-                                    ['secondVariable', secondValue], 
-                                    ['ozCity', ozCity])
-                         }), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'combo'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $combo_demo.destroy
-                           $combo_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-australianCities = [
-  'Canberra', 'Sydney', 'Melbourne', 'Perth', 'Adelaide', 'Brisbane', 
-  'Hobart', 'Darwin', 'Alice Springs'
-]
-
-
-secondValue.value = 'unchangable'
-ozCity.value = 'Sydney'
-
-Tk.pack(Ttk::Labelframe.new(frame, :text=>'Fully Editable'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>firstValue){|b|
-            b.bind('Return', '%W'){|w|
-              w.values <<= w.value unless w.values.include?(w.value)
-            }
-          }.pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Disabled'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>secondValue, :state=>:disabled) .
-            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Defined List Only'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>ozCity, :state=>:readonly, 
-                            :values=>australianCities) .
-            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        :side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
index 259ed3bd8c..0838dfbe08 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
@@ -19,16 +19,14 @@ $cscroll_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
+TkLabel.new($cscroll_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
             'justify'=>'left', 'text'=>"This window displays a canvas widget that can be scrolled either using the scrollbars or by dragging with button 2 in the canvas.  If you click button 1 on one of the rectangles, its indices will be printed on stdout."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ $cscroll_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
 unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
+  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {
     pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 'padx'=>1, 'pady'=>1)
   }
   TkGrid.rowconfigure($cscroll_grid, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
 end
 
 # canvas
-$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 
+$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo, 
                                'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2,
                                'scrollregion'=>['-11c', '-11c', '50c', '20c']
                                ) {|c|
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,
          'rowspan'=>1, 'columnspan'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
   end
 
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
+  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
     c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,
     end
   }
 
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                   'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}) {|hs|
     c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
index 01374b0321..dbb5e32638 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $ctext_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays a string of text to demonstrate the text facilities of canvas widgets.  You can click in the boxes to adjust the position of the text relative to its positioning point or change its justification.  The text also supports the following simple bindings for editing:
   1. You can point, click, and type.
   2. You can also select with button 1.
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 }
 
 # frame
-$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -53,33 +51,24 @@ $ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $ctext_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'flat', 
+$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ctext_demo, 'relief'=>'flat', 
                              'borderwidth'=>0, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350)
 $ctext_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 # font 
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  textFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-else
-  textFont = 'Helvetica 24'
-end
+textFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
 # canvas 
 TkcRectangle.new($ctext_canvas, 245, 195, 255, 205, 
                  'outline'=>'black', 'fill'=>'red')
 
-ctag_text_param = {
-  'text'=>"This is just a string of text to demonstrate the text facilities of canvas widgets. Bindings have been been defined to support editing (see above).",
-  'width'=>440, 'anchor'=>'n', 'justify'=>'left'
-}
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  ctag_text_param['font'] = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-else
-  ctag_text_param['font'] = 'Helvetica 24'
-end
-
 $ctag_text = TkcTag.new($ctext_canvas)
-$ctag_text.withtag(TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, 250, 200, ctag_text_param))
+$ctag_text.withtag(TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, 250, 200, 
+                               'text'=>"This is just a string of text to demonstrate the text facilities of canvas widgets. Bindings have been been defined to support editing (see above).",
+                               'width'=>440, 'anchor'=>'n', 
+                               'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+                               'kanjifont'=>'-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0', 
+                               'justify'=>'left') )
 
 $ctag_text.bind('1', proc{|x,y| textB1Press $ctext_canvas,x,y}, "%x %y")
 $ctag_text.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x,y| textB1Move $ctext_canvas,x,y}, "%x %y")
@@ -121,14 +110,9 @@ mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+60, y+60, 'anchor', 'nw', color
 item = TkcRectangle.new($ctext_canvas, x+40, y+40, x+50, y+50, 
                         'outline'=>'black', 'fill'=>'red')
 item.bind('1', proc{$ctag_text.configure 'anchor', 'center'})
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 
-              'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
-              'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-else
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 
-              'font'=>'Times 24', 'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-end
+TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 'anchor'=>'s', 
+            'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+            'fill'=>'brown')
 
 # Lastly, create some items that allow the text's justification to be
 # changed.
@@ -139,14 +123,9 @@ color = 'SeaGreen2'
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x, y, 'justify', 'left', color
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+30, y, 'justify', 'center', color
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+60, y, 'justify', 'right', color
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 
-              'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
-              'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-else
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 
-              'font'=>'Times 24', 'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-end
+TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 'anchor'=>'s', 
+            'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+            'fill'=>'brown')
 
 $ctext_canvas.itembind('config', 'Enter', proc{textEnter $ctext_canvas})
 $ctext_canvas.itembind('config', 'Leave', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
index 6f5b10fb71..29bc693395 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $entry1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -44,9 +42,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # 
-e1 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e2 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e3 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e1 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e2 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e3 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 [e1,e2,e3].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>5, 'fill'=>'x')}
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
index d67d04b56d..d4e58d7dd5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $entry2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($entry2_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   # entry 1
   s1 = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'orient'=>'horiz')
   e1 = TkEntry.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken') {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
index f7df3a5653..415b45f86c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ $entry3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($entry3_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Four different entries are displayed below.  You can add characters \
@@ -30,13 +28,13 @@ problem.  The second only accepts strings with fewer than ten \
 characters and sounds the bell when an attempt to go over the limit \
 is made.  The third accepts US phone numbers, mapping letters to \
 their digit equivalent and sounding the bell on encountering an \
-invalid character or if trying to type over a character that is not \
+illegal character or if trying to type over a character that is not \
 a digit.  The fourth is a password field that accepts up to eight \
 characters (silently ignoring further ones), and displaying them as \
 asterisk characters.
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -62,41 +60,23 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
 # count -       Counter to control the number of times flashed
 def focusAndFlash(widget, fg, bg, count=5)
   return if count <= 0
-  if fg && !fg.empty? && bg && !bg.empty?
-    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
-                ).start
-  else
-    # TkTimer.new(150, 3){Tk.bell}.start
-    Tk.bell
-    TkTimer.new(200, count,
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'white',
-                                      :background=>'black')},
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'black',
-                                      :background=>'white')}
-                ).at_end{begin
-                           widget.configure(:foreground=>fg,
-                                            :background=>bg)
-                         rescue
-                           # ignore
-                         end}.start
-  end
+  TkTimer.new(200, count, 
+              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
+              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
+              ).start
   widget.focus(true)
 end
 
-l1 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Integer Entry")
+l1 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Integer Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l1, :validate=>:focus, 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
             ]) {|e|
-  fg = e.foreground
-  bg = e.background
-  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, fg, bg)}, '%W']
+  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, e.fg, e.bg)}, '%W']
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l2 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Length-Constrained Entry")
+l2 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Length-Constrained Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l2, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :vcmd=>[proc{|s| s.length < 10}, '%P']
             ).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
@@ -178,14 +158,14 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
     return true
-    # Tk.update(true) # <- Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
-                      #    It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
+    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
   end
   return false
 end
 
 
-l3 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"US Phone-Number Entry")
+l3 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"US Phone-Number Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :textvariable=>entry3content, 
             :vcmd=>[
@@ -204,14 +184,14 @@ TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell},
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l4 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Password Entry")
+l4 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Password Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l4, :validate=>:key, :show=>'*', 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s.length <= 8}, 
               '%P'
             ]).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
   lower
   TkGrid.configure(l1, l2, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
   TkGrid.configure(l3, l4, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
index 676c347409..36b19de557 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
@@ -17,14 +17,12 @@ $filebox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($filebox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new($filebox_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Enter a file name in the entry box or click on the \"Browse\" buttons to select a file name using the file selection dialog.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 ['open', 'save'].each{|type|
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|f|
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"Select a file to #{type}: ", 'anchor'=>'e')\
     .pack('side'=>'left')
 
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
       pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
 
       TkButton.new(f, 'text'=>'Browse ...', 
-                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog base_frame,e,type})\
+                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog $filebox_demo,e,type})\
       .pack('side'=>'left')
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 $tk_strictMotif = TkVarAccess.new('tk_strictMotif')
 if ($tk_platform['platform'] == 'unix')
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 
+  TkCheckButton.new($filebox_demo, 
                     'text'=>'Use Motif Style Dialog', 
                     'variable'=>$tk_strictMotif, 
                     'onvalue'=>1, 'offvalue'=>0 ).pack('anchor'=>'c')
@@ -93,10 +91,7 @@ def fileDialog(w,ent,operation)
   if file != ""
     ent.delete 0, 'end'
     ent.insert 0, file
-    # ent.xview 'end'
-    Tk.update_idletasks # need this for Tk::Tile::Entry
-                        # (to find right position of 'xview').
-    ent.xview(ent.index('end'))
+    ent.xview 'end'
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
index 7023f2a72e..53adcf96b6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
@@ -1590,16 +1590,14 @@ $floor_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($floor_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window contains a canvas widget showing the floorplan of Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory.  It has three levels.  At any given time one of the levels is active, meaning that you can see its room structure.  To activate a level, click the left mouse button anywhere on it.  As the mouse moves over the active level, the room under the mouse lights up and its room number appears in the \"Room:\" entry.  You can also type a room number in the entry and the room will light up."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -1622,17 +1620,17 @@ $floorItems = {}
 
 # canvas 
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1641,7 +1639,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
index 88b07aeee4..efaf9e250d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
@@ -1590,16 +1590,14 @@ $floor2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($floor2_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window contains a canvas widget showing the floorplan of Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory.  It has three levels.  At any given time one of the levels is active, meaning that you can see its room structure.  To activate a level, click the left mouse button anywhere on it.  As the mouse moves over the active level, the room under the mouse lights up and its room number appears in the \"Room:\" entry.  You can also type a room number in the entry and the room will light up."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -1622,17 +1620,17 @@ $floorItems2 = {}
 
 # canvas 
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor2_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor2_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1641,7 +1639,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor2_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
index 3119752b1c..dbb14302dc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $form_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($form_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 # entry 
 form_data = []
 (1..5).each{|i|
-  f = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'bd'=>2)
+  f = TkFrame.new($form_demo, 'bd'=>2)
   e = TkEntry.new(f, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'width'=>40)
   l = TkLabel.new(f)
   e.pack('side'=>'right')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
index c6fa37c09c..8d3f6d14f7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ $goldberg_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 #  positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($goldberg_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 =begin
 # label
 msg = TkLabel.new($goldberg_demo) {
@@ -177,8 +175,7 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
     do_ctrl_frame
     do_detail_frame
 
-    # msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
-    msg = Tk::Label.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
       font 'Arial 10'
       wraplength 600
       justify 'left'
@@ -188,8 +185,7 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
 
     frame = TkFrame.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'])
 
-    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
-    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'Dismiss'
       command proc{
         tmppath = $goldberg_demo
@@ -198,14 +194,12 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
       }
     }.pack('side'=>'left')
 
-    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
-    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'See Code'
       command proc{showCode 'goldberg'}
     }.pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>5)
 
-    # @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
-    @show = Tk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
                          :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg'])
     @show.pack('side'=>'left')
     frame.place(:in=>@canvas, :relx=>1, :rely=>0, :anchor=>:ne)
@@ -214,11 +208,10 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 
   def do_ctrl_frame
-    @start = Tk::Button.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
+    @start = TkButton.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
                           :command=>proc{do_button(0)})
-    if font = @start['font']
-      @start.font(font.weight('bold'))
-    end
+    @start.font(@start['font'].weight('bold'))
+    font = @start['font']
 
     @pause = TkCheckbutton.new(@parent, :text=>'Pause', :font=>font, 
                                :command=>proc{do_button(1)}, :relief=>:raised, 
@@ -2003,4 +1996,4 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 end
 
-TkGoldberg_Demo.new(base_frame)
+TkGoldberg_Demo.new($goldberg_demo)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hello b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hello
index 5e86ad7e3e..f06eabe518 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hello
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hello
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
 require 'tk'
 
-#unless /^8\.[1-9]/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
-#  require 'tkencoding'
-#end
+unless /^8\.[1-9]/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
+  require 'tkencoding'
+end
 
 TkButton.new(nil,
 	'text'=>"Hello Ruby world!",
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
index e660216967..14e395b61a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ $hscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($hscale_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($hscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
@@ -37,18 +36,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-
-def setWidth(w, width)
-  width = width + 21
-  x2 = width - 30
-  if x2 < 21
-    x2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-end
-
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
     height 50
@@ -73,3 +61,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'anchor'=>'n')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+
+
+def setWidth(w, width)
+  width = width + 21
+  x2 = width - 30
+  if x2 < 21
+    x2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
index a3921d2333..58aca2df07 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $icon_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($icon_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -65,18 +63,16 @@ TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
 letters = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
+TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
-    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
-    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
+    TkRadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                     'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
-    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
+    TkRadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
@@ -85,16 +81,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
 
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
+  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
     image flagdown
     selectimage flagup
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor self['background']
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
+  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
     bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                    'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
index a9072bb308..05c9705c9c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ $image1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -56,10 +54,7 @@ TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label
-#[ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-#  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-#].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
-[ Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+[ TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+  TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
index 1975dd6b02..1aff7173be 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $image2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -55,21 +53,21 @@ $dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Directory:')\
+TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'Directory:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-image2_e = TkEntry.new(base_frame) {
+image2_e = TkEntry.new($image2_demo) {
   width 30
   textvariable $dirName
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'File:')\
+TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'File:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   l = TkListbox.new(w) {
     width 20
@@ -88,9 +86,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
 # image 
-[ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
-  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Image:'),
-  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
+[ TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
+  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'Image:'),
+  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'image'=>$image2a)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
index 43afab7ecd..e46d3796f2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
@@ -19,29 +19,27 @@ $image3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # 
-def loadDir3(w)
+def loadDir(w)
   w.delete(0,'end')
   Dir.glob([$dirName,'*'].join(File::Separator)).sort.each{|f|
     w.insert('end',File.basename(f))
   }
 end
 
-# selectAndLoadDir3 --
+# selectAndLoadDir --
 # This procedure pops up a dialog to ask for a directory to load into
 # the listobx and (if the user presses OK) reloads the directory
 # listbox from the directory named in the demo's entry.
 #
 # Arguments:
 # w -                   Name of the toplevel window of the demo.
-def selectAndLoadDir3(w, lbox)
+def selectAndLoadDir(w, lbox)
   dir = Tk.chooseDirectory(:initialdir=>$dirName.value, 
                            :parent=>w, :mustexist=>true)
   if dir.length > 0
     $dirName.value = dir 
-    loadDir3(lbox)
+    loadDir(lbox)
   end
 end
 
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ end
 
 
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -88,11 +86,11 @@ end
 $image3a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-image3_f = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+image3_f = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'Directory:')
+image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'Directory:')
 
-image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'File:', 
+image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'File:', 
                              :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :expand=>true)
@@ -104,17 +102,16 @@ image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
 
 image3_ent = TkEntry.new(image3_df, :width=>30, :textvariable=>$dirName){
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m', :expand=>true)
-  bind('Return', proc{loadDir3(image3_lbx)})
+  bind('Return', proc{loadDir(image3_lbx)})
 }
 
 TkButton.new(image3_df, :pady=>0, :padx=>'2m', :text=>"Select Dir.", 
-             :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir3(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
+             :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0, '2m'], :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
-image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'Image:') {|f|
-  # TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
-  Tk::Label.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'Image:') {|f|
+  TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
 Tk.grid(image3_df,  '-',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
index 3fd44fd4f4..8ab7668a07 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $items_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($items_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 cvs = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|cf|
+TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|cf|
   # canvas 
   cvs = TkCanvas.new(cf) {|c|
     focus
@@ -96,13 +94,8 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '0c', '16c', '30c', '16c', 'width'=>2)
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '10c', '0c', '10c', '24c', 'width'=>2)
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '20c', '0c', '20c', '24c', 'width'=>2)
 
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  font1 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  font2 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-else
-  font1 = 'Helvetica 12'
-  font2 = 'Helvetica 24 bold'
-end
+font1 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
+font2 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 if TkWinfo.depth($root).to_i > 1
   blue   = 'DeepSkyBlue3'
   red    = 'red'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 618fce5f02..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
-# Based on the widget demo of Tcl/Tk8.5.2
-# The following is the original copyright text.
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Copyright (C) 2008 Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sourceforge.net>
-#
-#	Calculate a Knight's tour of a chessboard.
-#
-#	This uses Warnsdorff's rule to calculate the next square each
-#	time. This specifies that the next square should be the one that
-#	has the least number of available moves.
-#
-#	Using this rule it is possible to get to a position where
-#	there are no squares available to move into. In this implementation
-#	this occurs when the starting square is d6.
-#
-#	To solve this fault an enhancement to the rule is that if we
-#	have a choice of squares with an equal score, we should choose
-#	the one nearest the edge of the board.
-#
-#	If the call to the Edgemost function is commented out you can see
-#	this occur.
-#
-#	You can drag the knight to a specific square to start if you wish.
-#	If you let it repeat then it will choose random start positions
-#	for each new tour.
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-require 'tk'
-
-class Knights_Tour
-  # Return a list of accessible squares from a given square
-  def valid_moves(square)
-    moves = []
-    [
-      [-1,-2], [-2,-1], [-2,1], [-1,2], [1,2], [2,1], [2,-1], [1,-2]
-    ].each{|col_delta, row_delta|
-      col = (square % 8) + col_delta
-      row = (square.div(8)) + row_delta
-      moves << (row * 8 + col) if row > -1 && row < 8 && col > -1 && col < 8
-    }
-    moves
-  end
-
-  # Return the number of available moves for this square
-  def check_square(square)
-    valid_moves(square).find_all{|pos| ! @visited.include?(pos)}.length
-  end
-
-  # Select the next square to move to. Returns -1 if there are no available
-  # squares remaining that we can move to.
-  def next_square(square)
-    minimum = 9
-    nxt = -1
-    valid_moves(square).each{|pos|
-      unless @visited.include?(pos)
-        cnt = check_square(pos)
-        if cnt < minimum
-          minimum = cnt
-          nxt = pos
-        elsif cnt == minimum
-          nxt = edgemost(nxt, pos)
-        end
-      end
-    }
-    nxt
-  end
-
-  # Select the square nearest the edge of the board
-  def edgemost(nxt, pos)
-    col_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt % 8).abs.to_i)
-    col_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos % 8).abs.to_i)
-    row_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt.div(8)).abs.to_i)
-    row_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos.div(8)).abs.to_i)
-    (col_A * row_A < col_B * row_B)? nxt : pos
-  end
-
-  # Display a square number as a standard chess square notation.
-  def _N(square)
-    '%c%d' % [(97 + square % 8), (square.div(8) + 1)]
-  end
-
-  # Perform a Knight's move and schedule the next move.
-  def move_piece(last, square)
-    @log.insert(:end, "#{@visited.length}. #{_N last} -> #{_N square}\n", '')
-    @log.see(:end)
-    @board.itemconfigure(1+last, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'black')
-    @board.itemconfigure(1+square, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'red')
-    @knight.coords(@board.coords(1+square)[0..1])
-    @visited << square
-    if (nxt = next_square(square)) != -1
-      @after_id = Tk.after(@delay.numeric){move_piece(square, nxt) rescue nil}
-    else
-      @start_btn.state :normal
-      if @visited.length == 64
-        if @initial == square
-          @log.insert :end, 'Closed tour!'
-        else
-          @log.insert :end, "Success\n", {}
-          Tk.after(@delay.numeric * 2){tour(rand(64))} if @continuous.bool
-        end
-      else
-        @log.insert :end, "FAILED!\n", {}
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Begin a new tour of the board given a random start position
-  def tour(square = nil)
-    @visited.clear
-    @log.clear
-    @start_btn.state :disabled
-    1.upto(64){|n|
-      @board.itemconfigure(n, :state=>:disabled, :outline=>'black')
-    }
-    unless square
-      square = @board.find_closest(*(@knight.coords << 0 << 65))[0].to_i - 1
-    end
-    @initial = square
-    Tk.after_idle{ move_piece(@initial, @initial) rescue nil }
-  end
-
-  def _stop
-    Tk.after_cancel(@after_id) rescue nil
-  end
-
-  def _exit
-    _stop
-    $knightstour.destroy
-  end
-
-  def set_delay(new)
-    @delay.numeric = new.to_i
-  end
-
-  def drag_start(w, x, y)
-    w.dtag('selected')
-    w.addtag('selected', :withtag, 'current')
-    @dragging = [x, y]
-  end
-
-  def drag_motion(w, x, y)
-    return unless @dragging
-    w.move('selected', x - @dragging[0], y - @dragging[1])
-    @dragging = [x, y]
-  end
-
-  def drag_end(w, x, y)
-    square = w.find_closest(x, y, 0, 65)
-    w.coords('selected', w.coords(square)[0..1])
-    w.dtag('selected')
-    @dragging = nil
-  end
-
-  def make_SeeDismiss
-    ## See Code / Dismiss
-    frame = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-    Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-    TkGrid('x', 
-           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                           :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                           :command=>proc{showCode 'knightstour'}), 
-           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                           :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                           :command=>proc{
-                             $knightstour.destroy
-                             $knightstour = nil
-                           }), 
-           :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-    frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    frame
-  end
-
-  def create_gui(parent = nil)
-    $knightstour.destroy rescue nil
-    $knightstour = Tk::Toplevel.new(parent, :title=>"Knight's tour")
-    $knightstour.withdraw
-    base_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    @board = Tk::Canvas.new(base_f, :width=>240, :height=>240)
-    @log = Tk::Text.new(base_f, :width=>12, :height=>1, 
-                        :font=>'Arial 8', :background=>'white')
-    scr = @log.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_f))
-
-    @visited = []
-    @delay = TkVariable.new(600)
-    @continuous = TkVariable.new(false)
-
-    tool_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    label = Ttk::Label.new(tool_f, :text=>'Speed')
-    scale = Ttk::Scale.new(tool_f, :from=>8, :to=>2000, :variable=>@delay, 
-                           :command=>proc{|n| set_delay(n)})
-    check = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tool_f, :text=>'Repeat', 
-                                 :variable=>@continuous)
-    @start_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'Start', 
-                                 :command=>proc{tour()})
-    @exit_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'Exit', 
-                                :command=>proc{_exit()})
-
-    7.downto(0){|row|
-      0.upto(7){|col|
-        if ((col & 1) ^ (row & 1)).zero?
-          fill  = 'bisque'
-          dfill = 'bisque3'
-        else
-          fill  = 'tan3'
-          dfill = 'tan4'
-        end
-        coords = [col * 30 + 4, row * 30 + 4, col * 30 + 30, row * 30 + 30]
-        @board.create(TkcRectangle, coords, 
-                      :fill=>fill, :disabledfill=>dfill,
-                      :width=>2, :state=>:disabled)
-      }
-    }
-
-    @knight_font = TkFont.new(:size=>-24)
-    @knight = TkcText.new(@board, 0, 0, :font=>@knight_font, 
-                          :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new('\u265e'), 
-                          :anchor=>'nw', # :tags=>'knight', 
-                          :fill=>'black', :activefill=>'#600000')
-    @knight.coords(@board.coords(rand(64)+1)[0..1])
-    @knight.bind('ButtonPress-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_start(w,x,y)}
-    @knight.bind('Motion', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_motion(w,x,y)}
-    @knight.bind('ButtonRelease-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_end(w,x,y)}
-
-    Tk.grid(@board, @log, scr, :sticky=>'news')
-    base_f.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    base_f.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-    Tk.grid(base_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'news')
-    widgets = [label, scale, check, @start_btn]
-    sg = nil
-    unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-      widgets << @exit_btn
-      if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-        #widgets.unshift(Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f))
-        Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f).pack(:side=>:right, :anchor=>'se')
-      end
-    end
-    Tk.pack(widgets, :side=>:right)
-    if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
-      TkPack.configure(widgets, :padx=>[4, 4], :pady=>[12, 12])
-      TkPack.configure(widgets[0], :padx=>[4, 24])
-      TkPack.configure(widgets[-1], :padx=>[16, 4])
-    end
-
-    Tk.grid(tool_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
-
-    if $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-      Tk.grid(make_SeeDismiss(), '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
-    end
-
-    $knightstour.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    $knightstour.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-    $knightstour.bind('Control-F2'){TkConsole.show}
-    $knightstour.bind('Return'){@start_btn.invoke}
-    $knightstour.bind('Escape'){@exit_btn.invoke}
-    $knightstour.bind('Destroy'){ _stop }
-    $knightstour.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ _exit }
-
-    $knightstour.deiconify
-    $knightstour.tkwait_destroy
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent = nil)
-    create_gui(parent)
-  end
-end
-
-Tk.root.withdraw unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-Thread.new{Tk.mainloop} if __FILE__ == $0
-Knights_Tour.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
index 91e41e4a22..55e07a5ebc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $label_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($label_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -49,8 +47,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo 
-f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_left = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
+f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
 [f_left, f_right].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 
                                   'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10, 'fill'=>'both')}
 
@@ -61,8 +59,7 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
   TkLabel.new(f_left, 'text'=>'Third label, sunken', 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
-# TkLabel.new(f_right) {
-Tk::Label.new(f_right) {
+TkLabel.new(f_right) {
   bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
index c912ff4c52..842a4f6c04 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
@@ -17,10 +17,8 @@ $labelframe_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # Some information
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($labelframe_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Labelframes are used to group related widgets together. \
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ which supports a 'labelframe' widget.
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
 }
 
 # Demo area
-w = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
+w = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
                                        :expand=>true)
 
 # A group of radiobuttons in a labelframe
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a849eba515..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-# mclist.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# tree widget configured as a multi-column listbox.
-#
-# based on "Id: mclist.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($mclist_demo) && $mclist_demo
-  $mclist_demo.destroy 
-  $mclist_demo = nil
-end
-
-$mclist_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Multi-Column List")
-  iconname("mclist")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($mclist_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Explanatory text
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
-Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
-One of the widgets it includes is a tree widget, \
-which can be configured to display multiple columns of informational data \
-without displaying the tree itself. \
-This is a simple way to build a listbox that has multiple columns. \
-Clicking on the heading for a column will sort the data by that column. \
-You can also change the width of the columns \
-by dragging the boundary between them.
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'mclist'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $mclist_demo.destroy
-                           $mclist_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame)
-tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(country capital currency), 
-                          :show=>:headings)
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-else
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-end
-
-container.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-## The data we're going to insert
-data = [
-  ['Argentina', 	'Buenos Aires', 	'ARS'], 
-  ['Australia',		'Canberra',		'AUD'], 
-  ['Brazil', 		'Brazilia', 		'BRL'], 
-  ['Canada', 		'Ottawa', 		'CAD'], 
-  ['China',		'Beijing', 		'CNY'], 
-  ['France',		'Paris', 		'EUR'], 
-  ['Germany', 		'Berlin',		'EUR'], 
-  ['India', 		'New Delhi',		'INR'], 
-  ['Italy', 		'Rome', 		'EUR'], 
-  ['Japan', 		'Tokyo', 		'JPY'], 
-  ['Mexico', 		'Mexico City', 		'MXN'], 
-  ['Russia', 		'Moscow', 		'RUB'], 
-  ['South Africa',	'Pretoria', 		'ZAR'], 
-  ['United Kingdom', 	'London', 		'GBP'], 
-  ['United States', 	'Washington, D.C.', 	'USD'],
-]
-
-## Code to insert the data nicely
-font = Ttk::Style.lookup(tree[:style], :font)
-cols = %w(country capital currency)
-cols.zip(%w(Country Capital Currency)).each{|col, name|
-  tree.heading_configure(col, :text=>name, 
-                         :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, false)})
-  tree.column_configure(col, :width=>TkFont.measure(font, name))
-}
-
-data.each{|country, capital, currency|
-  #tree.insert('', :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
-  tree.insert(nil, :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
-  cols.zip([country, capital, currency]).each{|col, val|
-    len = TkFont.measure(font, "#{val}  ")
-    if tree.column_cget(col, :width) < len
-      tree.column_configure(col, :width=>len)
-    end
-  }
-}
-
-## Code to do the sorting of the tree contents when clicked on
-def sort_by(tree, col, direction)
-  tree.children(nil).map!{|row| [tree.get(row, col), row.id]} . 
-    sort(&((direction)? proc{|x, y| y <=> x}: proc{|x, y| x <=> y})) . 
-    each_with_index{|info, idx| tree.move(info[1], nil, idx)}
-
-  tree.heading_configure(col, :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, ! direction)})
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
index bf6c22cb9d..8370d2f5f0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $menu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # menu frame
-$menu_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
+$menu_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
 $menu_frame.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 begin
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("This window contains a menubar with cascaded menus.  You can invoke entries with an accelerator by typing Command+x, where \"x\" is the character next to the command key symbol. The rightmost menu can be torn off into a palette by dragging outside of its bounds and releasing the mouse.")
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -107,7 +105,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
         'accelerator'=>"#{modifier}+G", 'underline'=>6)
     $menu_demo.bind("#{modifier}-g", proc{print "Goodbye\n"})
 
-    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
+    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Check buttons', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_check, 'underline'=>0)
       oil = TkVariable.new(0)
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
       invoke 3
     }
 
-    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
+    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Radio buttons', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_radio, 'underline'=>0)
       pointSize = TkVariable.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
index 4029ce5541..cb616d8461 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ $menu84_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu84_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 begin
   windowingsystem = Tk.windowingsystem()
 rescue
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("This window contains a menubar with cascaded menus.  You can invoke entries with an accelerator by typing Command+x, where \"x\" is the character next to the command key symbol. The rightmost menu can be torn off into a palette by dragging outside of its bounds and releasing the mouse.")
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 
 menustatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>menustatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 
               'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
index b37367e515..e2ddd07bc6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
@@ -37,18 +37,16 @@ $menubu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 
 positionWindow($menubu_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menubu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("This is a demonstration of menubuttons. The \"Below\" menubutton pops its menu below the button; the \"Right\" button pops to the right, etc. There are two option menus directly below this text; one is just a standard menu and the other is a 16-color palette.")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 else ; # Tk8.x
 
-body = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+body = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo)
 body.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 below = TkMenubutton.new(body) {
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ center = TkFrame.new(body) {
   grid('row'=>1, 'column'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
 }
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
index 62b1f2b985..aab1b619cf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ $msgbox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Choose the icon and type option of the message box. Then press the \"Message Box\" button to see the message box.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -47,8 +45,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
 $msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
                         'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 $msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fe6c778b3..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# msgbox2.rb
-#
-# This demonstration script creates message boxes of various type
-#
-# message boxes widget demo (called by 'widget')
-#
-
-# toplevel widget
-if defined?($msgbox2_demo) && $msgbox2_demo
-  $msgbox2_demo.destroy 
-  $msgbox2_demo = nil
-end
-
-# demo toplevel widget
-$msgbox2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Message Box Demonstration")
-  iconname("messagebox")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-# label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
-            'text'=>"Choose the icon and type option of the message box. Then press the \"Message Box\" button to see the message box with both of a message and a detail.").pack('side'=>'top')
-
-# frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'Dismiss'
-    command proc{
-      tmppath = $msgbox2_demo
-      $msgbox2_demo = nil
-      tmppath.destroy
-    }
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'Show Code'
-    command proc{showCode 'msgbox2'}
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text 'Message Box'
-    command proc{showMessageBox $msgbox2_demo}
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-}.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
-
-# frame
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
-                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
-$msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
-                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
-
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>'Icon').pack('side'=>'top')
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
-.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
-
-$msgboxIcon = TkVariable.new('info')
-['error', 'info', 'question', 'warning'].each {|icon|
-  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>icon, 'variable'=>$msgboxIcon, 
-                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>icon, 'width'=>16, 
-                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
-                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
-}
-
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>'Type').pack('side'=>'top')
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
-.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
-
-$msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
-['abortretryignore', 'ok', 'okcancel', 
-  'retrycancel', 'yesno', 'yesnocancel'].each {|type|
-  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>type, 'variable'=>$msgboxType, 
-                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>type, 'width'=>16, 
-                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
-                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
-}
-
-def showMessageBox(w)
-  button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
-                         'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
-                         'message'=>"\"#{$msgboxType.value}\" Type MessageBox",
-                         'detail'=>"This is a \"#{$msgboxType.value}\" type messagebox with the \"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\" icon. Please click one of the following button.")
-
-  Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
-                'message'=>"You have selected  \"#{button}\"")
-end
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
index 26941b84a8..48ba86de02 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ $paned1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($paned1_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 The sash between the two coloured windows below can be used to divide the area between them.  Use the left mouse button to resize without redrawing by just moving the sash, and use the middle mouse button to resize opaquely (always redrawing the windows in each position.)
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ If your Tk library linked to Ruby doesn't include a 'panedwindow', this demo doe
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -39,9 +37,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:horizontal){|f|
-  add(Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
-      Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
-
+TkPanedwindow.new($paned1_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
+
+  add(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
+      TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
index 0e62013886..5911cadab6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ $paned2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($paned2_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 The sash between the two scrolled windows below can be used to divide the area between them.  Use the left mouse button to resize without redrawing by just moving the sash, and use the middle mouse button to resize opaquely (always redrawing the windows in each position.)
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ If your Tk library linked to Ruby doesn't include a 'panedwindow', this demo doe
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($paned2_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ paneList.value = [         # ruby's array --> tcl's list
 ]
 
 # Create the pane itself
-TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
+TkPanedwindow.new($paned2_demo, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 
   add(TkFrame.new(f){|paned2_top|
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/patch_1.1c1 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/patch_1.1c1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3952e71eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/patch_1.1c1
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+--- /usr/src/ruby-1.1c1/lib/tkcanvas.rb	Tue Jul 21 18:18:02 1998
++++ tkcanvas.rb	Fri Jul 24 20:38:24 1998
+@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
+ 	  || key == 'latinfont' || key == 'asciifont' )
+ 	tagfont_configure(tagid(tagOrId), {key=>value})
+       else
+-	tk_call 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}", value
++	tk_send 'itemconfigure', tagid(tagOrId), "-#{key}", value
+       end
+     end
+   end
+--- /usr/src/ruby-1.1c1/lib/tkfont.rb	Fri Jul 17 23:43:28 1998
++++ tkfont.rb	Fri Jul 24 17:46:22 1998
+@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
+       r | []
+ 
+     when /^8\.*/
+-      list(tk_call('font', 'names'))
++      tk_split_simplelist(tk_call('font', 'names'))
+ 
+     end
+   end
+@@ -89,10 +89,14 @@
+       if fnt == []
+ 	TkFont.new(nil, nil).call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
+       else
+-	compound = Hash[*list(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
+-				      fnt))].collect{|key,value|
+-	  [key[1..-1], value]
+-	}.assoc('compound')[1]
++	begin
++	  compound = Hash[*list(tk_call('font', 'configure', 
++					fnt))].collect{|key,value|
++	    [key[1..-1], value]
++	  }.assoc('compound')[1]
++	rescue
++	  compound = []
++	end
+ 	if compound == []
+ 	  TkFont.new(fnt, DEFAULT_KANJI_FONT_NAME) \
+ 	  .call_font_configure(path, *(args + [{}]))
+@@ -156,14 +160,19 @@
+     elsif font.kind_of? Array
+       finfo = {}
+       finfo['family'] = font[0].to_s
+-      if font[1] && font[1] != '0' && font[1] =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
+-	if $1 == '-'
+-	  finfo['pixels'] = font[1].to_s
++      if font[1]
++	fsize = font[1].to_s
++	if fsize != '0' && fsize =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
++	  if $1 == '-'
++	    finfo['pixels'] = $2
++	  else
++	    finfo['points'] = $2
++	  end
+ 	else
+-	  finfo['points'] = font[1].to_s
++	  finfo['points'] = '13'
+ 	end
+       end
+-      finfo[2..-1].each{|style|
++      font[2..-1].each{|style|
+ 	case (style)
+ 	when 'normal'
+ 	  finfo['weight'] = style
+@@ -199,16 +208,19 @@
+     elsif font.kind_of? Array
+       finfo = {}
+       finfo['family'] = font[0].to_s
+-      if font[1] && font[1] != '0' && font[1] =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
+-	if $1 == '-'
+-	  finfo['pixels'] = $2
++      if font[1]
++	fsize = font[1].to_s
++	if fsize != '0' && fsize =~ /^(|\+|-)([0-9]+)$/
++	  if $1 == '-'
++	    finfo['pixels'] = $2
++	  else
++	    finfo['points'] = $2
++	  end
+ 	else
+-	  finfo['points'] = $2
++	  finfo['points'] = '13'
+ 	end
+-      else
+-	finfo['points'] = '13'
+       end
+-      finfo[2..-1].each{|style|
++      font[2..-1].each{|style|
+ 	case (style)
+ 	when 'normal'
+ 	  finfo['weight'] = style
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
index 5f7d361170..36bb44edec 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ $pendulum_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -51,11 +49,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 class PendulumAnimationDemo
   def initialize(frame)
     # Create some structural widgets
-    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-#    @pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
-#    @pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
-    @lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation')
-    @lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space')
+    pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
+    pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
 
     # Create the canvas containing the graphical representation of the
     # simulated system.
@@ -103,24 +99,23 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
     @dTheta = 0.0
     @length = 150
 
+    # init display
+    showPendulum
+
     # animation loop
     @timer = TkTimer.new(15){ repeat }
 
     # binding
     @c.bindtags_unshift(btag = TkBindTag.new)
     btag.bind('Destroy'){ @timer.stop }
-    btag.bind('1', proc{|x, y| @timer.stop; showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i)}, 
-              '%x %y')
-    btag.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i)}, '%x %y')
+    btag.bind('1', proc{|x, y| @timer.stop; showPendulum(x, y)}, '%x %y')
+    btag.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x, y)}, '%x %y')
     btag.bind('ButtonRelease-1', 
-              proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i); @timer.start }, 
-              '%x %y')
+              proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x, y); @timer.start }, '%x %y')
 
-    btag.bind('Configure', proc{|w| @plate.coords(0, 25, w.to_i, 25)}, '%w')
+    btag.bind('Configure', proc{|w| @plate.coords(0, 25, w, 25)}, '%w')
 
     @k.bind('Configure', proc{|h, w| 
-              h = h.to_i
-              w = w.to_i
               @psh = h/2; 
               @psw = w/2
               @x_axis.coords(2, @psh, w-2, @psh)
@@ -129,14 +124,6 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
               @label_dtheta.coords(w-6, @psh+4)
             }, '%h %w')
 
-    # add
-    Tk.update
-    @pane.add(@lf1)
-    @pane.add(@lf2)
-
-    # init display
-    showPendulum
-
     # animation start
     @timer.start(500)
   end
@@ -167,10 +154,6 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
   # rate at which the angle is changing (the first derivative with
   # respect to time.)
   def showPhase
-    unless @psw && @psh
-      @psw = @k.width/2
-      @psh = @k.height/2
-    end
     @points << @theta + @psw << -20*@dTheta + @psh
     if @points.length > 100
       @points = @points[-100..-1]
@@ -237,4 +220,4 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-PendulumAnimationDemo.new(base_frame)
+PendulumAnimationDemo.new($pendulum_demo)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
index 628c9df584..6d01deeef5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
@@ -19,16 +19,14 @@ $plot_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($plot_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($plot_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays a canvas widget containing a simple 2-dimensional plot.  You can doctor the data by dragging any of the points with mouse button 1."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new($plot_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ $plot_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 plotFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
 # canvas 
-$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
+$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new($plot_demo,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
 $plot_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # plot 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
index 43c61f519f..0885cf2975 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $puzzle_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -54,27 +52,18 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 # scrollbar widget and using its trough color.
 begin
   if Tk.windowingsystem() == 'aqua'
-    frameWidth  = 168
-    frameHeight = 168
-  elsif Tk.default_widget_set == :Ttk
-    frameWidth  = 148
-    frameHeight = 124
+    frameSize = 160
   else
-    frameWidth  = 120
-    frameHeight = 120
+    frameSize = 120
   end
 rescue
-  frameWidth  = 120
-  frameHeight = 120
+  frameSize = 120
 end
-
-# depend_on_button_width = true
-depend_on_button_width = false
  
-s = TkScrollbar.new(base_frame)
-base = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
-  width  frameWidth
-  height frameHeight
+s = TkScrollbar.new($puzzle_demo)
+base = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {
+  width  frameSize
+  height frameSize
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
   bg s['troughcolor']
@@ -98,9 +87,6 @@ order = [3,1,6,2,5,7,15,13,4,11,8,9,14,10,12]
     text num
     highlightthickness 0
     command def_puzzleswitch_proc(w, num)
-    if depend_on_button_width && (w.winfo_reqwidth * 4 > base.width)
-      base.width = w.winfo_reqwidth * 4
-    end
   }.place('relx'=>$xpos[num], 'rely'=>$ypos[num], 
           'relwidth'=>0.25, 'relheight'=>0.25)
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
index 25cfac2134..96cdc4c54a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $radio_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ size = TkVariable.new
 color = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -54,14 +52,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], ['color', color])
+      showVars($radio_demo, ['size', size], ['color', color])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_left = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
+f_right = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
index 6c02aef0cf..2b56ccc9b1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -55,18 +53,18 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, 
+      showVars($radio2_demo, 
                ['size', size], ['color', color], ['compound', align])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Color', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Color', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_mid.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
@@ -92,8 +90,7 @@ f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
-label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
index 9c9d75ef4a..70c4abb3b5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $radio3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio3_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -36,14 +34,14 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
                       :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
                       :command=>proc{
-                        showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], 
+                        showVars($radio3_demo, ['size', size], 
                                  ['color', color], ['compound', align])
                       }), 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
@@ -63,17 +61,17 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Color', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Color', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left .grid('column'=>0, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_mid  .grid('column'=>1, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_right.grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Tristate', 
+TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Tristate', 
              'command'=>proc{size.value = 'multi'; color.value = 'multi'}){
   grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>2, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 }
@@ -101,8 +99,7 @@ TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Tristate',
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
-label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/rolodex-j b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/rolodex-j
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27e2bc9da0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/rolodex-j
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+#
+# rolodex --
+# ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tom LaStrange ¤Î rolodex ¤Î°ìÉô¤Ç¤¹¡£
+# 
+# Copyright (C) 1998 by Takaaki Tateishi <ttate@jaist.ac.jp>
+# Time-stamp: "03/08/02 14:02:04 nagai"
+#
+
+require "tk"
+
+Tk.encoding = "euc-jp"
+$font = TkFont.new('k14')
+
+def show_help(topic,x=0,y=0)
+  if( topic.is_a?(TkWindow) )
+    w = TkWinfo.containing(x,y)
+    if( w.is_a?(TkWindow) )
+      if( TkWinfo.exist?(w) )
+	topic = w
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  
+  if( $helpTopics.include?(topic) )
+    msg = $helpTopics[topic]
+  else
+    msg = "¤³¤Î¥È¥Ô¥Ã¥¯¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Ø¥ë¥×¤Ï¤Þ¤À»ÈÍѤǤ­¤Þ¤»¤ó"
+  end
+  TkDialog.new("title"=>"Rolodex Help",
+	       "message"=>"¡Ö#{topic}¡×\n\n#{msg}",
+	       "font"=>$font,
+	       "default_button"=>0,
+	       "buttons"=>["OK"])
+end
+
+def fillCard
+  clearAction
+  $root.frame.entry[1].insert(0, "ΩÀÐ ¹§¾´")
+  $root.frame.entry[2].insert(0, "923-1292 ÀÐÀ")
+  $root.frame.entry[3].insert(0, "ä¸ýÄ® °°Âæ 1-1")
+  $root.frame.entry[4].insert(0, "ËÌΦÀèü²Ê³Øµ»½ÑÂç³Ø±¡Âç³Ø")
+  $root.frame.entry[5].insert(0,"private")
+  $root.frame.entry[6].insert(0,"***-***-****")
+  $root.frame.entry[7].insert(0,"***-***-****")
+end
+
+def addAction
+  for i in 1..7
+    STDERR.print format("%-12s %s\n",
+			RolodexFrame::LABEL[i],
+			$root.frame.entry[i].value)
+  end
+end
+
+def clearAction
+  for i in 1..7
+    $root.frame.entry[i].delete(0,"end")
+  end
+end
+
+def fileAction
+  TkDialog.new("title"=>"File Selection",
+	       "message"=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¤Î¥À¥ß¡¼¤Ç¤¹¡£\n",
+	       "font"=>$font,
+	       "default_button"=>0,
+	       "buttons"=>["OK"])
+  STDERR.print "dummy file name\n"
+end
+
+def deleteAction
+  result = TkDialog.new("title"=>"Confirm Action",
+			"message"=>"¤è¤í¤·¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤«¡©",
+			"font"=>$font,
+			"default_button"=>0,
+			"buttons"=>["¥­¥ã¥ó¥»¥ë"])
+  if( result.value == 0 )
+    clearAction
+  end
+end
+
+
+class RolodexFrame < TkFrame
+  attr_reader :entry, :label
+
+  LABEL = ["","̾Á°:","½»½ê","","","ÅÅÏÃ(¼«Âð):","ÅÅÏÃ(²ñ¼Ò):","Fax:"]
+
+  def initialize(parent=nil,keys=nil)
+    super(parent,keys)
+    self["relief"] = "flat"
+    @i = []
+    @label = []
+    @entry = []
+    for i in 1..7
+      @i[i] = TkFrame.new(self)
+      @i[i].pack("side"=>"top",
+		 "pady"=>2,
+		 "anchor"=>"e")
+      @label[i] = TkLabel.new(@i[i],
+			      "text"=>LABEL[i],
+			      "anchor"=>"e",
+			      "font" => $font)
+      @entry[i] = TkEntry.new(@i[i],
+			      "width"=>30,
+			      "relief"=>"sunken",
+			      "font" => $font)
+      @entry[i].pack("side"=>"right")
+      @label[i].pack("side"=>"right")
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class RolodexButtons < TkFrame
+  attr_reader :clear, :add, :search, :delete
+
+  def initialize(parent,keys=nil)
+    super(parent,keys)
+    @clear = TkButton.new(self,
+			  "text" => "¥¯¥ê¥¢¡¼",
+			  "font" => $font)
+    @add = TkButton.new(self,
+			"text" => "ÄɲÃ",
+			"font" => $font)
+    @search = TkButton.new(self,
+			   "text" => "¸¡º÷",
+			   "font" => $font)
+    @delete = TkButton.new(self,
+			   "text" => "¾Ãµî",
+			   "font" => $font)
+    for w in [@clear,@add,@search,@delete]
+      w.pack("side"=>"left", "padx"=>2)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class RolodexMenuFrame < TkFrame
+  attr_reader :file_menu, :help_menu, :file, :help
+
+  def initialize(parent,keys=nil)
+    super(parent,keys)
+    configure("relief"=>"raised",
+	      "borderwidth"=>1)
+
+    @file = TkMenubutton.new(self,
+			     "text"=> "¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë",
+			     "font"=> $font,
+			     "underline"=>0)
+    @file_menu = TkMenu.new(@file)
+    @file_menu.add("command",
+		   "label" => "Æɤ߹þ¤ß ...",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command" => proc{fileAction},
+		   "underline" => 0)
+    @file_menu.add("command",
+		   "label" => "½ªÎ»",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command" => proc{$root.destroy},
+		   "underline" => 0)
+    @file.menu(@file_menu)
+    @file.pack("side"=>"left")
+
+    @help = TkMenubutton.new(self,
+			     "text"=> "¥Ø¥ë¥×",
+			     "font"=> $font,
+			     "underline"=>0)
+    @help_menu = TkMenu.new(@help)
+    @help_menu.add("command",
+		   "label"=> "¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command"=>proc{show_help("¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È")},
+		   "underline"=>3)
+    @help_menu.add("command",
+		   "label"=> "¥Ø¥ë¥×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command"=>proc{show_help("¥Ø¥ë¥×")},
+		   "underline"=>3)
+    @help_menu.add("command",
+		   "label"=> "¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command"=>proc{show_help("¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦")},
+		   "underline"=>3)
+    @help_menu.add("command",
+		   "label"=> "¥­¡¼Áàºî¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command"=>proc{show_help("¥­¡¼Áàºî")},
+		   "underline"=>3)
+    @help_menu.add("command",
+		   "label"=> "¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó",
+		   "font" => $font,
+		   "command"=>proc{show_help("¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó")},
+		   "underline"=>3)
+    @help.menu(@help_menu)
+    @help.pack("side"=>"right")
+  end
+end
+
+class Rolodex < TkRoot
+  attr_reader :frame, :buttons, :menu
+
+  def initialize(*args)
+    super(*args)
+    @frame = RolodexFrame.new(self)
+    @frame.pack("side"=>"top",
+		"fill"=>"y",
+		"anchor"=>"center")
+    @buttons = RolodexButtons.new(self)
+    @buttons.pack("side"=>"bottom",
+		  "pady"=>2,
+		  "anchor"=>"center")
+    @menu = RolodexMenuFrame.new(self)
+    @menu.pack("before"=>@frame,
+	       "side"=>"top",
+	       "fill"=>"x")
+  end
+end
+
+$root = Rolodex.new
+
+$root.buttons.delete.configure("command"=>proc{deleteAction})
+$root.buttons.add.configure("command"=>proc{addAction})
+$root.buttons.clear.configure("command"=>proc{clearAction})
+$root.buttons.search.configure("command"=>proc{addAction; fillCard})
+
+$root.buttons.clear.configure("text"=> "¥¯¥ê¥¢¡¼   Ctrl+C", "font" => $font)
+$root.bind("Control-c",proc{clearAction})
+
+$root.buttons.add.configure("text"=> "Äɲà   Ctrl+A", "font" => $font)
+$root.bind("Control-a",proc{addAction})
+
+$root.buttons.search.configure("text"=> "¸¡º÷   Ctrl+S", "font" => $font)
+$root.bind("Control-s",proc{addAction; fillCard})
+
+$root.buttons.delete.configure("text"=> "¾Ãµî   Ctrl+D", "font" => $font)
+$root.bind("Control-d",proc{deleteAction})
+
+$root.menu.file_menu.entryconfigure(1, "accel"=>"Ctrl+F")
+$root.bind("Control-f",proc{fileAction})
+
+$root.menu.file_menu.entryconfigure(2, "accel"=>"Ctrl+Q")
+$root.bind("Control-q",proc{$root.destroy})
+
+$root.frame.entry[1].focus
+
+$root.bind("Any-F1",
+	   proc{|event| show_help(event.widget, event.x_root, event.y_root)})
+$root.bind("Any-Help",
+	   proc{|event| show_help(event.widget, event.x_root, event.y_root)})
+
+
+$helpTopics = {}
+
+$helpTopics[$root.menu.file] = <<EOF
+¤³¤ì¤Ï¡Ö¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡×¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ç¤¹¡£¡ÖÆɤ߹þ¤ß¡×¤ä¡Ö½ªÎ»¡×¤Ê¤É¤ò
+¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.menu.file_menu.index(0)] = <<EOF
+¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤ò¹Ô¤Ê¤¦¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.menu.file_menu.index(1)] = <<EOF
+¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[1]] = <<EOF
+̾Á°¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[2]] = <<EOF
+½»½ê¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[3]] = <<EOF
+½»½ê¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[4]] = <<EOF
+½»½ê¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[5]] = <<EOF
+¼«Âð¤ÎÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£¸ø³«\
+¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ï private ¤Èµ­Æþ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[6]] = <<EOF
+²ñ¼Ò¤ÎÅÅÏÃÈÖ¹æ¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics[$root.frame.entry[7]] = <<EOF
+FAXÈÖ¹æ¤òµ­Æþ¤¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics["¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È"] = <<EOF
+Ruby/Tk¤Ç¤Ïgrab¤Îµ¡¹½¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¤³¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï\
+¥³¥ó¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Ø¥ë¥×¤Ï¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
+¤·¤«¤·Æ±¤¸¤è¤¦¤Ê¸ú²Ì¤òbind¤È¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ÎWedget¤òÃΤë\
+¤³¤È¤ÇÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics["¥Ø¥ë¥×"] = <<EOF
+¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ò¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤¢¤ï¤»¤ÆF1¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ\
+¤½¤Î¥Ø¥ë¥×¤ò¸«¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics["¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦"] = <<EOF
+¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ï¥À¥ß¡¼¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics["¥­¡¼Áàºî"] = <<EOF
+Ctrl+A:		ÄɲÃ
+Ctrl+C:		¥¯¥ê¥¢¡¼
+Ctrl+D:		¾Ãµî
+Ctrl+F:		¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò
+Ctrl+Q:		½ªÎ»
+Ctrl+S:		¸¡º÷
+EOF
+
+$helpTopics["¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¾ðÊó"] = <<EOF
+¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ï 1.0.1e ¤Ç¤¹¡£
+EOF
+
+Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
index 26cd4f3b1c..4299d57b4f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
@@ -32,16 +32,14 @@ $ruler_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($ruler_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This canvas widget shows a mock-up of a ruler.  You can create tab stops by dragging them out of the well to the right of the ruler.  You can also drag existing tab stops.  If you drag a tab stop far enough up or down so that it turns dim, it will be deleted when you release the mouse button."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ $ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $ruler_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
+$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ruler_demo, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
 $ruler_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
index 06ec7c1e75..cef0f4ecf4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ $sayings_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($sayings_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 sayings_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($sayings_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   sv = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   sh = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
   sayings_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
index e1fc565e9d..3d3b4aecc8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
@@ -79,10 +79,8 @@ $search_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($search_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame
-$search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ $search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $search_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'File name:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_fileName = TkVariable.new
@@ -117,7 +115,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'pady'=>5, 'padx'=>10)
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'Search string:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_searchString = TkVariable.new
@@ -135,14 +133,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   }
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-$search_text = TkText.new(base_frame, 'setgrid'=>true, 'wrap'=>'word') {|t|
+$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true, 'wrap'=>'word') {|t|
   $search_Tag = TkTextTag.new(t)
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
+  TkScrollbar.new($search_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
     t.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| sc.set first,last})
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }
   pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
-}
+}  
 
 # Set up display styles for text highlighting.
 
@@ -175,13 +173,8 @@ type a string in the lower entry and type <Return> or click on \
 \"Load File\".  This will cause all of the instances of the string to \
 be tagged with the tag \"search\", and it will arrange for the tag\'s \
 display attributes to change to make all of the strings blink.")
-$search_text.insert('end', "\
-The current directory to load a file is \"#{Dir.pwd}\".\
-")
 $search_text.set_insert '0.0'
 
 $search_fileName.value = ''
 $search_searchString.value = ''
 
-$search_text.width = 60
-$search_text.height = 20
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
index c2a3a8949b..58616b1e02 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ $spin_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($spin_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($spin_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Three different spin-boxes are displayed below.  \
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ this demo doesn't work. Please use later version of Tk \
 which supports a 'spinbox' widget.
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($spin_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -55,11 +53,11 @@ australianCities = [
 ]
 
 [
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
                 :validatecommand=>[
                   proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
                 ]), 
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
                 :format=>'%05.2f', :width=>10), 
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
 ].each{|sbox| sbox.pack(:side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
index add0e84800..d38c1245af 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $states_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($states_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 states_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
+TkFrame.new($states_demo, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   states_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
index c2fed23926..5ed11aa459 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($style_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -39,14 +37,13 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text 
-txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
   # 
   setgrid 'true'
-  #width  70
-  #height 32
+  width  70
+  height 32
   wrap 'word'
-  font $font
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($style_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -54,20 +51,11 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
   # 
-  family = 'Courier'
-
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
+  style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
     style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    #    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*', 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
+#    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*', 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
     style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*')
-  else
-    style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 12, :bold, :italic])
-    style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 14, :bold])
-    style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Helvetica', 24, :bold])
-    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'Times 8 bold')
-  end
 ###
 #  case($tk_version)
 #  when /^4.*/
@@ -121,13 +109,8 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   style_tag_overstrike = TkTextTag.new(t, 'overstrike'=>'on')
   style_tag_right  = TkTextTag.new(t, 'justify'=>'right')
   style_tag_center = TkTextTag.new(t, 'justify'=>'center')
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-  else
-    style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>[family, 10])
-    style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>[family, 10])
-  end
+  style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
   style_tag_margins = TkTextTag.new(t, 'lmargin1'=>'12m', 'lmargin2'=>'6m',
                                     'rmargin'=>'10m')
   style_tag_spacing = TkTextTag.new(t, 'spacing1'=>'10p', 'spacing2'=>'2p',
@@ -149,8 +132,7 @@ available display styles are:
   insert('end', "  You can choose any X font, ")
   insert('end', "large", style_tag_verybig)
   insert('end', " or ")
-  insert('end', "small", style_tag_small)
-  insert('end', ".\n")
+  insert('end', "small.\n")
   insert('end', "\n2. Color.", style_tag_big)
   insert('end', "  You can change either the ")
   insert('end', "background", style_tag_color1)
@@ -227,5 +209,3 @@ available display styles are:
 
 }
 
-txt.width 70
-txt.height 32
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
index 3ce8cdfda8..4bb4b6bc7e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ $text_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($text_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # version check
 if ((Tk::TK_VERSION.split('.').collect{|n| n.to_i} <=> [8,4]) < 0)
   undo_support = false
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ else
 end
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text 
-TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($text_demo){|t|
   relief 'sunken'
   bd 2
   setgrid 1
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
     undo true
     autoseparators true
   end
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($text_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c25ce15e5c..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-#
-# text widget peering demo (called by 'widget')
-#
-# based on Tcl/Tk8.5.0 widget demos
-
-if defined?($textpeer_demo) && $textpeer_demo
-  $textpeer_demo.destroy 
-  $textpeer_demo = nil
-end
-
-# demo toplevel widget
-$textpeer_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Text Wdget Peering Demonstration")
-  iconname("textpeer")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-count = [0]
-
-## Define a widget that we peer from; it won't ever actually be shown though
-first = TkText.new(base_frame, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
-first.insert :end,"This is a coupled pair of text widgets; they are peers to "
-first.insert :end,"each other. They have the same underlying data model, but "
-first.insert :end,"can show different locations, have different current edit "
-first.insert :end,"locations, and have different selections. You can also "
-first.insert :end,"create additional peers of any of these text widgets using "
-first.insert :end,"the Make Peer button beside the text widget to clone, and "
-first.insert :end,"delete a particular peer widget using the Delete Peer "
-first.insert :end,"button."
-
-Tk.update_idletasks  ## for 'first' widget
-
-## Procedures to make and kill clones; most of this is just so that the demo
-## looks nice...
-def makeClone(count, win, txt)
-  cnt = (count[0] += 1)
-  peer = TkText::Peer.new(txt, win, :widgetname=>"text#{cnt}")
-  sbar = TkScrollbar.new(win, :widgetname=>"sb#{cnt}")
-  peer.yscrollbar sbar
-  b1 = TkButton.new(win, :widgetname=>"clone#{cnt}", :text=>'Make Peer', 
-                    :command=>proc{makeClone(count, win, peer)})
-  b2 = TkButton.new(win, :widgetname=>"kill#{cnt}", :text=>'Delete Peer', 
-                    :command=>proc{killClone(win, cnt)})
-  row = cnt * 2
-  TkGrid.configure(peer, sbar, b1, :sticky=>'nsew', :row=>row)
-  TkGrid.configure('^',  '^',  b2, :sticky=>'nsew', :row=>(row+=1))
-  TkGrid.configure(b1,  b2, :sticky=>'new')
-  TkGrid.rowconfigure(win,  b2, :weight=>1)
-end
-
-def killClone(win, cnt)
-  Tk.destroy("#{win.path}.text#{cnt}",  "#{win.path}.sb#{cnt}", 
-             "#{win.path}.clone#{cnt}", "#{win.path}.kill#{cnt}")
-end
-
-## Now set up the GUI
-makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
-makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
-first.destroy
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
-                 $textpeer_demo.destroy
-                 $textpeer_demo = nil
-               }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
-
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'See Code', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
-                 showCode 'textpeer'
-               }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
-
-  TkGrid.configure(f, '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew', :row=>5000)
-}
-TkGrid.columnconfigure(base_frame, 0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5cf863717b..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-# toolbar.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toolbar that can be torn off.
-#
-# based on "Id: toolbar.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($toolbar_demo) && $toolbar_demo
-  $toolbar_demo.destroy 
-  $toolbar_demo = nil
-end
-
-$toolbar_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
-  iconname("toolbar")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($toolbar_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-                       :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL))
-This is a demonstration of how to do \
-a toolbar that is styled correctly \
-and which can be torn off (this feature reqrires Tcl/Tk8.5). \
-The buttons are configured to be \\u201Ctoolbar style\\u201D buttons by \
-telling them that they are to use the Toolbutton style. At the left \
-end of the toolbar is a simple marker that the cursor changes to a \
-movement icon over; drag that away from the toolbar to tear off the \
-whole toolbar into a separate toplevel widget. When the dragged-off \
-toolbar is no longer needed, just close it like any normal toplevel \
-and it will reattach to the window it was torn off from.
-EOL
-else
-  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-                       :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL))
-This is a demonstration of how to do \
-a toolbar that is styled correctly. The buttons are configured to \
-be \\u201Ctoolbar style\\u201D buttons by telling them that they are \
-to use the Toolbutton style.
-EOL
-end
-
-## Set up the toolbar hull
-tbar_base = Tk::Frame.new(base_frame, # Must be a starndard Tk frame!
-                          :widgetname=>'toolbar') # for window title
-sep = Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame)
-to_base = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base, :cursor=>'fleur')
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  to  = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
-  to2 = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
-  to.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :padx=>2, :side=>:left)
-  to2.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :side=>:left)
-end
-
-contents = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base)
-Tk.grid(to_base, contents, :sticky=>'nsew')
-tbar_base.grid_columnconfigure(contents, :weight=>1)
-contents.grid_columnconfigure(1000, :weight=>1)
-
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  ## Bindings so that the toolbar can be torn off and reattached
-  to_base.bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  to.     bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  to2.    bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  def tbar_base.tearoff(w, x, y)
-    on_win = TkWinfo.containing(x, y)
-    return unless (on_win && on_win.path =~ /^#{@path}(\.|$)/)
-    self.grid_remove
-    w.grid_remove
-    self.wm_manage
-    # self.wm_title('Toolbar') # if you don't want to use its widget name as a window title.
-    self.wm_protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ self.untearoff(self) }
-  end
-  def tbar_base.untearoff(w)
-    self.wm_forget
-    w.grid
-    self.grid
-  end
-end
-
-## Some content for the rest of the toplevel
-text = TkText.new(base_frame, :width=>40, :height=>10)
-
-## Toolbar contents
-tb_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Button', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
-                         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Button Pressed\n")})
-tb_chk = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Check', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
-                              :variable=>(check = TkVariable.new), 
-                              :command=>proc{
-                                text.insert(:end, "Check is #{check.value}\n")
-                              })
-tb_mbtn = Ttk::Menubutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Menu')
-tb_combo = Ttk::Combobox.new(tbar_base, :value=>TkFont.families, 
-                             :state=>:readonly)
-tb_mbtn.menu(menu = Tk::Menu.new(tb_mbtn))
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'Just', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Just\n")})
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'An', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "An\n")})
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'Example', 
-         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Example\n")})
-tb_combo.bind('<ComboboxSelected>'){ text.font.family = tb_combo.get }
-
-## Arrange contents
-Tk.grid(tb_btn, tb_chk, tb_mbtn, tb_combo, 
-        :in=>contents, :padx=>2, :sticky=>'ns')
-Tk.grid(tbar_base, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(sep, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(msg, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(text, :sticky=>'nsew')
-base_frame.grid_rowconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
-base_frame.grid_columnconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'toolbar'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $toolbar_demo.destroy
-                           $toolbar_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  Tk.grid(frame, :sticky=>'ew')
-}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c7f0e71a2..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-# tree.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# tree widget.
-#
-# based on "Id: tree.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($tree_demo) && $tree_demo
-  $tree_demo.destroy 
-  $tree_demo = nil
-end
-
-$tree_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Directory Browser")
-  iconname("tree")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($tree_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Explanatory text
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
-Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
-One of the widgets it includes is a tree widget, \
-which allows the user to browse a hierarchical data-set such as a filesystem. \
-The tree widget not only allows for the tree part itself, \
-but it also supports an arbitrary number of additional columns \
-which can show additional data (in this case, the size of the files \
-found in your filesystem). \
-You can also change the width of the columns \
-by dragging the boundary between them.
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'tree'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $tree_demo.destroy
-                           $tree_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-## Code to populate the roots of the tree (can be more than one on Windows)
-def populate_roots(tree)
-  TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('file', 'volumes')).sort.each{|dir|
-    populate_tree(tree, tree.insert(nil, :end, :text=>dir, 
-                                    :values=>[dir, 'directory']))
-  }
-end
-
-## Code to populate a node of the tree
-def populate_tree(tree, node)
-  return if tree.get(node, :type) != 'directory'
-
-  path = tree.get(node, :fullpath)
-  tree.delete(tree.children(node))
-  Dir.glob("#{path}/*").sort.each{|f|
-    type = File.ftype(f)
-    id = tree.insert(node, :end, 
-                     :text=>File.basename(f), :values=>[f, type]).id
-    if type == 'directory'
-      ## Make it so that this node is openable
-      tree.insert(id, 0, :text=>'dummy')
-      tree.itemconfigure(id, :text=>File.basename(f))
-    elsif type == 'file'
-      size = File.size(f)
-      if size >= 1024*1024*1024
-        size = '%.1f GB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024/1024)
-      elsif size >= 1024*1024
-        size = '%.1f MB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024)
-      elsif size >= 1024
-        size = '%.1f KB' % (size.to_f/1024)
-      else
-        size = '%.1f bytes' % (size.to_f/1024)
-      end
-      tree.set(id, :size, size)
-    end
-  }
-
-  # Stop this code from rerunning on the current node
-  tree.set(node, :type, 'processed_directory')
-end
-
-## Create the tree and set it up
-tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(fullpath type size), 
-                         :displaycolumns=>['size'])
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-else
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-end
-
-tree.heading_configure('#0', :text=>'Directory Structure')
-tree.heading_configure('size', :text=>'File Size')
-tree.column_configure('size', :stretch=>0, :width=>70)
-populate_roots(tree)
-tree.bind('<TreeviewOpen>', '%W'){|w| populate_tree(w, w.focus_item)}
-
-## Arrange the tree and its scrollbars in the toplevel
-container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-container.lower
-Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b5780f589a..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-# ttkbut.rb
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several
-# simple Ttk widgets, such as labels, labelframes, buttons, checkbuttons and
-# radiobuttons.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkbut.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkbut_demo) && $ttkbut_demo
-  $ttkbut_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkbut_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkbut_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Simple Ttk Widgets")
-  iconname("ttkbut")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkbut_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. This is a Ttk themed label, \
-and below are three groups of Ttk widgets in Ttk labelframes. \
-The first group are all buttons that set the current application theme \
-when pressed. The second group contains three sets of checkbuttons, \
-with a separator widget between the sets. Note that the "Enabled" \
-button controls whether all the other themed widgets in this toplevel are \
-in the disabled state. The third group has a collection of linked \
-radiobuttons.
-EOL
-
-## Add buttons for setting the theme
-buttons = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Buttons')
-# Ttk::Style.theme_names.each{|theme|
-#   Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
-#                   :command=>proc{Ttk::Style.theme_use theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
-# }
-Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
-  Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
-                  :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
-}
-
-## Helper procedure for the top checkbutton
-def setState(root, value, *excepts)
-  return if excepts.member?(root)
-
-  ## Non-Ttk widgets (e.g. the toplevel) will fail, so make it silent
-  begin
-    root.state = value
-  rescue
-  end
-
-  ## Recursively invoke on all children of this root that are in the same
-  ## toplevel widget
-  root.winfo_children.each{|w|
-    setState(w, value, *excepts) if w.winfo_toplevel == root.winfo_toplevel
-  }
-end
-
-## Set up the checkbutton group
-checks = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Checkbuttons')
-enabled = TkVariable.new(true)
-e = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Enabled', :variable=>enabled, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           setState($ttkbut_demo, 
-                                    ((enabled.bool)? "!disabled" : "disabled"),
-                                    e)
-                         })
-
-## See ttk_widget(n) for other possible state flags
-sep1 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
-sep2 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
-
-cheese  = TkVariable.new
-tomato  = TkVariable.new
-basil   = TkVariable.new
-oregano = TkVariable.new
-
-c1 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Cheese',  :variable=>cheese)
-c2 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Tomato',  :variable=>tomato)
-c3 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Basil',   :variable=>basil)
-c4 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Oregano', :variable=>oregano)
-
-Tk.pack(e, sep1, c1, c2, sep2, c3, c4, :fill=>:x, :pady=>2)
-
-## Set up the radiobutton group
-radios = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Radiobuttons')
-
-happyness = TkVariable.new
-
-r1 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Great', :value=>'great')
-r2 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Good', :value=>'good')
-r3 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Ok', :value=>'ok')
-r4 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Poor', :value=>'poor')
-r5 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Awful', :value=>'awful')
-
-Tk.pack(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, :fill=>:x, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           showVars(base_frame, ['enabled', enabled], 
-                                    ['cheese', cheese], ['tomato', tomato], 
-                                    ['basil', basil], ['oregano', oregano], 
-                                    ['happyness', happyness])
-                         }), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkbut'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           tmppath = $ttkbut_demo
-                           $ttkbut_demo = nil
-                           $showVarsWin[tmppath.path] = nil
-                           tmppath.destroy
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
-}
-
-## Arrange things neatly
-f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-f.lower
-Tk.grid(buttons, checks, radios, :in=>f, :sticky=>'nwe', :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
-f.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1, 2], :weight=>1, :uniform=>:yes)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 75ecdb09c4..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-# ttkmenu.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several Ttk
-# menubutton widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkmenu.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkmenu_demo) && $ttkmenu_demo
-  $ttkmenu_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkmenu_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkmenu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
-  iconname("ttkmenu")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set, \
-and one widget that is available in themed form is the menubutton. \
-Below are some themed menu buttons \
-that allow you to pick the current theme in use. \
-Notice how picking a theme changes the way \
-that the menu buttons themselves look, \
-and that the central menu button is styled differently \
-(in a way that is normally suitable for toolbars). \
-However, there are no themed menus; the standard Tk menus were judged \
-to have a sufficiently good look-and-feel on all platforms, \
-especially as they are implemented as native controls in many places.
-EOL
-
-Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkmenu'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkmenu_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkmenu_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-b1 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:above)
-b2 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:left)
-b3 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:right)
-b4 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:flush,
-                         :style=>Ttk::Menubutton.style('Toolbutton'))
-b5 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:below)
-
-b1.menu(m1 = Tk::Menu.new(b1, :tearoff=>false))
-b2.menu(m2 = Tk::Menu.new(b2, :tearoff=>false))
-b3.menu(m3 = Tk::Menu.new(b3, :tearoff=>false))
-b4.menu(m4 = Tk::Menu.new(b4, :tearoff=>false))
-b5.menu(m5 = Tk::Menu.new(b5, :tearoff=>false))
-
-Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
-  m1.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m2.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m3.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m4.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m5.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-}
-
-f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:x)
-f1 = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-f.lower
-
-f.grid_anchor(:center)
-TkGrid('x', b1, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-TkGrid(b2,  b4, b3,  :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-TkGrid('x', b5, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c2a22b447a..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-# ttknote.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# notebook widget.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttknote.tcl,v 1.5 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttknote_demo) && $ttknote_demo
-  $ttknote_demo.destroy 
-  $ttknote_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttknote_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Notebook Widget")
-  iconname("ttknote")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttknote'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttknote_demo.destroy
-                           $ttknote_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Make the notebook and set up Ctrl+Tab traversal
-notebook = Ttk::Notebook.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, 
-                                              :padx=>2, :pady=>3)
-notebook.enable_traversal
-
-## Popuplate the first pane
-f_msg = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-msg_m = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-                       :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :text=><<EOL)
-Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
-One of the widgets it includes is the notebook widget, \
-which provides a set of tabs that allow the selection of a group of panels, \
-each with distinct content. \
-They are a feature of many modern user interfaces. \
-Not only can the tabs be selected with the mouse, \
-but they can also be switched between using Ctrl+Tab \
-when the notebook page heading itself is selected. \
-Note that the second tab is disabled, and cannot be selected.
-EOL
-neat = TkVariable.new
-after_id = nil
-msg_b = Ttk::Button.new(f_msg, :text=>'Neat!', :underline=>0, 
-                        :command=>proc{
-                          neat.value = 'Yeah, I know...'
-                          Tk.after_cancel(after_id) if after_id
-                          after_id = Tk.after(500){neat.value = ''}
-                        })
-msg_b.winfo_toplevel.bind('Alt-n'){ msg_b.focus; msg_b.invoke }
-msg_l = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :textvariable=>neat)
-notebook.add(f_msg, :text=>'Description', :underline=>0, :padding=>2)
-Tk.grid(msg_m, '-', :sticky=>'new', :pady=>2)
-Tk.grid(msg_b, msg_l, :pady=>[2, 4])
-f_msg.grid_rowconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
-f_msg.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1], :weight=>1, :uniform=>1)
-
-## Populate the second pane. Note that the content doesn't really matter
-f_disabled = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-notebook.add(f_disabled, :text=>'Disabled', :state=>:disabled)
-
-## Popuplate the third pane
-f_editor = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-notebook.add(f_editor, :text=>'Text Editor', :underline=>0)
-editor_t = Tk::Text.new(f_editor, :width=>40, :height=>10, :wrap=>:char)
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
-else
-  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
-end
-editor_s.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0,2], :pady=>2)
-editor_t.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>[2,0], :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 56df613db4..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-# ttkpane.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a Ttk pane with some content.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkpane.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkpane_demo) && $ttkpane_demo
-  $ttkpane_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkpane_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkpane_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Themed Nested Panes")
-  iconname("ttkpane")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkpane_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-This demonstration shows off a nested set of themed paned windows. \
-Their sizes can be changed by grabbing the area \
-between each contained pane and dragging the divider.
-EOL
-
-Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkpane'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkpane_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkpane_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-outer = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal)
-outer.add(in_left = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
-outer.add(in_right = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
-in_left.add(left_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'Button'))
-in_left.add(left_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'Clocks'))
-in_right.add(right_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'Progress'))
-in_right.add(right_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'Text'))
-if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
-  [left_top, left_bot, right_top, right_bot].each{|w| w.padding(3) }
-end
-
-# Fill the button pane
-Ttk::Button.new(left_top, :text=>'Press Me', 
-                :command=>proc{
-                  Tk.messageBox(:type=>'ok', :icon=>'info', :message=>'Ouch!', 
-                                :detail=>'That hurt...', :parent=>base_frame, 
-                                :title=>'Button Pressed')
-                }).pack(:padx=>2, :pady=>5)
-
-
-zones_list = [
-  [':Europe/Berlin'], 
-  [':America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', ':America/Buenos_Aires'], 
-  [':Africa/Johannesburg'], 
-  [':Europe/London'], 
-  [':America/Los_Angeles'], 
-  [':Europe/Moscow'],
-  [':America/New_York'], 
-  [':Asia/Singapore'], 
-  [':Australia/Sydney'], 
-  [':Asia/Tokyo'], 
-]
-
-zones = []
-
-# Check tzinfo support
-if $tk_major_ver > 8 || ($tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver >= 5)
-  tzinfo = :tcl
-
-  # Force a pre-load of all the timezones needed; otherwise can end up
-  # poor-looking synch problems!
-  zones_list.each{|list|
-    list.each{|zone|
-      begin
-        Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', '0', '-timezone', zone)
-      rescue RuntimeError
-        # ignore
-      else
-        zones << [zone, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-        break
-      end
-    }
-  }
-
-else
-  begin
-    require 'tzinfo'
-    tzinfo = :tzinfo
-  rescue Exception
-    begin
-      require 'tzfile'
-      tzinfo = :tzfile
-    rescue Exception
-      tzinfo = nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  case tzinfo
-  when :tzinfo
-    zones_list.each{|list|
-      list.each{|zone|
-        begin
-          tz = TZInfo::Timezone.get(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
-        rescue Exception
-          # ignore
-        else
-          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-          break
-        end
-      }
-    }
-
-  when :tzfile
-    zones_list.each{|list|
-      list.each{|zone|
-        begin
-          tz = TZFile.create(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
-        rescue Exception
-          # ignore
-        else
-          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-          break
-        end
-      }
-    }
-
-  else
-    [ -7, -4, -2, -1, 0, +1, +3, +8, +9, +10 ].each{|zone|
-      zones << [zone, 'UTC%+03d00' % zone]
-    }
-  end
-end
-
-time = TkVariable.new_hash
-
-case tzinfo
-when :tcl
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', now.tv_sec, 
-                             '-timezone', tz, '-format', '%T')
-  }
-when :tzinfo
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = tz.utc_to_local(now).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-when :tzfile
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = tz.at(now.tv_sec).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-else
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = (now + (tz * 3600)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-end
-
-# Fill the clocks pane
-zones.each_with_index{|(zone, label), idx|
-  Ttk::Separator.new(left_bot).pack(:fill=>:x) if idx > 0
-  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :text=>label, :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
-  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :textvariable=>time.ref(label), 
-                 :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
-}
-
-# Timer start
-every = proc{
-  now = Time.now.utc
-  zones.each{|zone, label| update_proc.call(now, zone, label) }
-}
-TkRTTimer.new(1000, -1, every).start(0, every)
-
-# Fill the progress pane
-Ttk::Progressbar.new(right_top, :mode=>:indeterminate).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true).start
-
-# Fill the text pane
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  # The trick with the ttk::frame makes the text widget look like it fits with
-  # the current Ttk theme despite not being a themed widget itself. It is done
-  # by styling the frame like an entry, turning off the border in the text
-  # widget, and putting the text widget in the frame with enough space to allow
-  # the surrounding border to show through (2 pixels seems to be enough).
-  f = Ttk::Frame.new(right_bot, :style=>Ttk::Entry)
-  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
-  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>f, :pady=>2, :padx=>2)
-  scr = txt.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(frame))
-  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
-  f.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-else
-  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
-  scr = txt.yscrollbar(TkScrollbar.new(frame))
-  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
-  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>right_bot)
-  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>10, :pady=>[6, 10])
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3eb9a64a4a..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-# ttkprogress.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates several progress bar widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkprogress.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkprogress_demo) && $ttkprogress_demo
-  $ttkprogress_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkprogress_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkprogress_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Progress Bar Demonstration")
-  iconname("ttkprogress")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkprogress_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL)).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Below are two progress bars. \
-The top one is a \\u201Cdeterminate\\u201D progress bar, \
-which is used for showing how far through a defined task the program has got. \
-The bottom one is an \\u201Cindeterminate\\u201D progress bar, \
-which is used to show that the program is busy \
-but does not know how long for. Both are run here in self-animated mode, \
-which can be turned on and off using the buttons underneath.
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkprogress'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkprogress_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkprogress_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-p1 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:determinate)
-p2 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:indeterminate)
-
-start = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Start Progress', 
-                        :command=>proc{ p1.start; p2.start })
-stop  = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Stop Progress', 
-                        :command=>proc{ p1.stop; p2.stop })
-
-Tk.grid(p1, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-Tk.grid(p2, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-Tk.grid(start, stop, :padx=>10, :pady=>5)
-start.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
-stop.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
-frame.grid_columnconfigure(:all, :weight=>1)
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
index 65ee712ff7..24a4bcf706 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
@@ -19,10 +19,8 @@ $twind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame
-$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -41,13 +39,13 @@ $twind_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
 $twind_text = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new($twind_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>'true', 'font'=>$font, 
                           'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
                           'highlightthickness'=>0, 'borderwidth'=>0 ){|t|
     TkScrollbar.new(f) {|s|
-      command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
+      command proc{|*args| t.yview(args)}
       t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
     }.pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
@@ -208,11 +206,7 @@ def textWindPlot (t)
     cursor 'top_left_arrow'
   }
 
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    font = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  else
-    font = 'Helvetica 18'
-  end
+  font = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
   TkcLine.new($twind_plot, 100, 250, 400, 250, 'width'=>2)
   TkcLine.new($twind_plot, 100, 250, 100,  50, 'width'=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
index 43990c1151..c42e0999d7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ $twind2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame
-$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ $twind2_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
 $twind2_text = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new($twind2_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind2_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>true, 'font'=>$font,
                             # 'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
index 9c230a2536..07e3bf52b5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ $unicodeout_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5.4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 This is a sample of Tk's support for languages that use non-Western \
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ The strings are converted to the encoded string objects \
 And the Tk::UTF8_String objects are passed to the label widgets. 
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-wait_msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+wait_msg = TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
                        :text=>"Please wait while loading fonts...", 
                        :font=>"Helvetica 12 italic").pack
 
@@ -65,8 +63,8 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
   # @@font = 'Newspaper 12'
   # @@font = '{New century schoolbook} 12'
 
-  def initialize(base)
-    super(base)
+  def initialize()
+    super($unicodeout_demo)
     grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
   end
 
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
     l.grid_config(:padx, '1m')
   end
 end
-f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new(base_frame)
+f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new
 f.pack(:expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'1m')
 
 # Processing when some characters are missing might take a while, so make
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
index b05ed12072..636b85813b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@ $vscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($vscale_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($vscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
@@ -41,17 +39,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-def setHeight(w, height)
-  height = height + 21
-  y2 = height - 30
-  if y2 < 21
-    y2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-end
-
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   borderwidth 10
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
@@ -77,3 +65,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'anchor'=>'ne')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack
+
+
+def setHeight(w, height)
+  height = height + 21
+  y2 = height - 30
+  if y2 < 21
+    y2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
index 9a0605d8b9..3c50582211 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ require 'tk'
 
 ### $DEBUG=1 ##########
 
-$RubyTk_WidgetDemo = true
-
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # The code below create the main window, consisting of a menu bar
 # and a text widget that explains how to use the program, plus lists
@@ -23,8 +21,7 @@ $RubyTk_WidgetDemo = true
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 # widget demo directory
-# $demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
-$demo_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+$demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
 
 # root 
 $root = TkRoot.new{title "Ruby/Tk Widget Demonstration"}
@@ -105,22 +102,14 @@ EOD
 end
 
 # 
-if $tk_major_ver >= 8
-  $root.add_menubar([[['File', 0], 
-                        ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                        '---', 
-                        ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
-                      ]])
-else
-  TkMenubar.new($root, 
-                [[['File', 0], 
-                    ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                    '---', 
-                    ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
-                  ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-end
+TkMenubar.new($root, 
+              [[['File', 0], 
+                  ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                  '---', 
+                  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
+                ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
-$root.bind('Control-q', proc{exit})
+$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -175,17 +164,12 @@ else
   textFrame.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
   statusBar = TkFrame.new($root) {|f|
-    if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-      statusfont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-    else
-      statusfont = 'Helvetica 10'
-    end
     $statusBarLabel = \
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"   ", 'relief'=>'sunken', 'bd'=>1, 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>statusfont) \
+                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*') \
         .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
     TkLabel.new(f, 'width'=>8, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'bd'=>1, 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>statusfont) \
+                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*') \
         .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2)
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>2)
 end
@@ -194,11 +178,7 @@ end
 # section titles and demo descriptions.  Also define the bindings for
 # tags.
   
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-else
-  tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'Helvetica 18 bold')
-end
+tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
 
 # We put some "space" characters to the left and right of each demo description
 # so that the descriptions are highlighted only when the mouse cursor
@@ -267,10 +247,7 @@ the demonstration.  Once the demonstration window appears, you can \
 click the "See Code" button to see the Ruby/Tk code that created the \
 demonstration.  If you wish, you can edit the code and click the \
 "Rerun Demo" button in the code window to reinvoke the demonstration \
-with the modified code. \
-Don't worry about breaking the source code. \
-Your modifications are not reflected on the original file. \
-Please try many kind of changes. 
+with the modified code.
 
 Some demo scripts require the recent version of Tk library \
 (e.g. Tk8.4 or later) \
@@ -279,20 +256,6 @@ required by the demo script, the demo doesn't work. \
 In such a case, please re-compile tcltklib with the later Tk library \
 which supports the required functions.
 
-If your Tk supports Ttk (Tile) extension (included or installed), \
-please try the demo of Ttk extension (sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb) too.
-( Probably, Ttk extension \
-#{
-begin
-  require 'tkextlib/tile'
-  "is already installed on your environment"
-rescue
-  "is not installed on your environment yet"
-end
-}\
-. )
-Ttk extension is a standard feature of Tk8.5 or later.
-
 
 EOT
 
@@ -326,8 +289,6 @@ txt.insert('end', "13. A simple user interface for viewing images. (if supported
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "14. Labelled frames (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "15. The simple Themed Tk widgets (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-ttkbut")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 txt.insert('end', "Listboxes\n", tag_title)
@@ -338,10 +299,6 @@ txt.insert('end', "2. Colors: change the color scheme for the application.\n", "
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "3. A collection of famous sayings.\n", tag_demo, "demo-sayings")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. A multi-column list of contries. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-mclist")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. A directory browser tree. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-tree")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 txt.insert('end', "Entries and Spin-boxes\n", tag_title)
@@ -356,9 +313,7 @@ txt.insert('end',
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. Spin-boxes. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-spin")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. Combo-boxes. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-combo")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "6. Simple Rolodex-like form.\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
+txt.insert('end', "5. Simple Rolodex-like form.\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -376,8 +331,6 @@ txt.insert('end', "5. A text widget with embedded windows. (if supported)\n", ta
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "6. A search tool built with a text widget.\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. Peering text widgets. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-textpeer")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 txt.insert('end', "Canvases\n", tag_title)
@@ -398,43 +351,31 @@ txt.insert('end', "7. A building floor plan. (another way to create canvas items
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "8. A simple scrollable canvas.\n", tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "9. A Knight's tour of the chess board. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-knightstour")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Scales and Progress Bars\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Scales\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Vertical scale.\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Horizontal scale.\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. Progress bar. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkprogress")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Paned Windows and Notebooks\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Paned Windows\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Horizontal paned window. (if supported)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-paned1")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Vertical paned window. (if supported)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-paned2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. Themed nested panes. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkpane")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. Notebook widget. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttknote")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Menus and Toolbars\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Menus\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Menus and cascades.\n", tag_demo, "demo-menu")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Menus and cascades. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-menu84")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. Menubuttons.\n", tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. Themed menu buttons. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-ttkmenu")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. Themed toolbar. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-toolbar")
+txt.insert('end', "3. Menubuttons\n", tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -442,11 +383,9 @@ txt.insert('end', "Common Dialogs\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Message boxes.\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. Message boxes with detail text. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox2")
+txt.insert('end', "2. File selection dialog.\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. File selection dialog.\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. Color picker.\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
+txt.insert('end', "3. Color picker.\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -502,16 +441,11 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
   end
   w = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
-    base = TkFrame.new(w).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-    TkLabel.new(base) {
+    TkLabel.new(w) {
       text "Variable values:"
       width 20
       anchor 'center'
-      if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-        font '-Adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-      else
-        font 'Helvetica 14'
-      end
+      font '-Adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
     len = 1
     args.each{|vnam,vbody|
@@ -525,7 +459,7 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
                    .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
       }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkButton.new(base) {
+    TkButton.new(w) {
       text "OK"
       command proc{w.destroy}
     }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'pady'=>2)
@@ -540,12 +474,10 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
     rescue
     end
   end
-  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|top|
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
 
-    base = TkFrame.new(top).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-    TkLabelFrame.new(base, :text=>"Variable values:", 
+    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"Variable values:", 
                      :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
       args.each{|vnam,vbody|
         TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
@@ -557,15 +489,15 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
       f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
       f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
     }
-    TkButton.new(base, :text=>"OK", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
-                 :command=>proc{top.destroy}){|b|
-      top.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
-      top.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"OK", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+                 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
+      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
 
       b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
     }
-    base.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
-    base.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
   }
 end
 
@@ -659,27 +591,8 @@ def _null_binding
 end
 private :_null_binding
 
-def eval_samplecode(code, file=nil)
-  #eval(code)
-  #_null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) }
-  #Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
-  Thread.new{
-    _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{
-      begin
-        if file
-          eval(code, binding, "(eval:#{file})")
-        else
-          eval(code)
-        end
-      rescue Exception=>e
-        #p e
-        TkBgError.show(e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" +
-                         "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" +
-                         e.backtrace.join("\n") +
-                         "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------")
-      end
-    }
-  }
+def eval_samplecode(code)
+  Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }.run
   Tk.update
 end
 
@@ -699,7 +612,7 @@ def invoke(txt, idx)
   Tk.update
   # eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, _null_binding)
   # Tk.update
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, tag[5..-1] + '.rb')
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
   txt.cursor(cursor)
 
   $tag_visited.add("#{idx} linestart +1 chars", "#{idx} lineend +1 chars")
@@ -756,32 +669,20 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "Dismiss"
       command proc{
         $code_window.destroy
         $code_window = nil
       }
-    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>25)
+    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "Rerun Demo"
       # command proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)}
-      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')}
-    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
-
-    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'line:').pack('side'=>'left')
-    linenum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
-    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'  pos:').pack('side'=>'left')
-    posnum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
-
-    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
-      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
-      linenum.text = line
-      posnum.text  = pos
-    }
-
-    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'true', 'fill'=>'x')
+      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}
+    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
+#    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
+    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
 
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       s = TkScrollbar.new($code_window, 'orient'=>'vertical')
@@ -826,21 +727,10 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         TkGrid.columnconfigure(f, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
       }
     end
-
-    btag = TkBindTag.new
-
-    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
-    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
-
-    btags = $code_text.bindtags
-    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
-    $code_text.bindtags = btags
-
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
   end
-
   $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
   $code_window.iconname(file)
 #  fid = open(file, 'r')
@@ -851,9 +741,6 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   #$code_mark = TkTextMark.new($code_text, '1.0')
   #$code_text.set_insert('1.0')
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
-
-  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
-
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -874,19 +761,7 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-
-    lf = TkFrame.new(bf)
-    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'line:').pack(:side=>:left)
-    linenum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
-    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'  pos:').pack(:side=>:left)
-    posnum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
-
-    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
-      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
-      linenum.text = line
-      posnum.text  = pos
-    }
-
+    
     b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Dismiss', :default=>:active, 
                          :command=>proc{
                            $code_window.destroy
@@ -899,12 +774,12 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Rerun Demo', 
                          :command=>proc{
                            # eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)
-                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')
+                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))
                          }, 
                          :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
 
-    TkGrid(lf, 'x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
-    bf.grid_columnconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
+    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
     TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
@@ -917,17 +792,6 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
       $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
     }
-
-    btag = TkBindTag.new
-
-    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
-    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
-    btag.bind('Configure', $set_linenum, '%W')
-
-    btags = $code_text.bindtags
-    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
-    $code_text.bindtags = btags
-
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
@@ -939,9 +803,6 @@ def showCode2(demo)
   $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
   $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
-
-  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
-
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -1035,13 +896,12 @@ end
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.7.0-en\n\n" + 
+                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.6.0-en\n\n" + 
                            "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
-                           "( Copyright of Tcl/Tk demos:: " + 
+                           "( Copyright:: " + 
                            "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
                            "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
-                           "(c) 2001-2007 Donal K. Fellows / " + 
-                           "(c) 2002-2007 Daniel A. Steffen )\n\n" +
+                           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
                            "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
                            "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}\n\n" + 
                            "Ruby/Tk release date :: tcltklib #{TclTkLib::RELEASE_DATE}; tk #{Tk::RELEASE_DATE}")
@@ -1063,7 +923,7 @@ ARGV.each{|cmd|
   end
   #eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, 
   #     _null_binding)
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, cmd + '.rb')
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
 }
 if no_launcher
   $root.withdraw  # hide root window
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
index aee57f9f6a..97781fbe77 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # animated label widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -17,10 +16,8 @@ $anilabel_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,8 +45,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo Íѥե졼¥àÀ¸À®
-f_left = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'GIF Image')
+f_left = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo, :text=>'GIF Image')
 Tk.pack(f_left, f_right, 'side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 
         'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
index 8fa14f65fe..81e2d76b30 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # animated wave demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -17,10 +16,8 @@ $aniwave_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -62,7 +59,6 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
     @backupCoords = []
     n = 0
     (-10..300).step(5){|n| @waveCoords << [n, 100]; @backupCoords << [n, 100] }
-    n = 305
     @waveCoords << [n, 0]; @backupCoords << [n, 0]
     @waveCoords << [n+5, 200]; @backupCoords << [n+5, 200]
     @coordsLen = @waveCoords.length
@@ -117,4 +113,4 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-AnimatedWaveDemo.new(base_frame, :left).move
+AnimatedWaveDemo.new($aniwave_demo, :left).move
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
index 3c49e67b09..477a0abf6f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # arrowhead widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -74,19 +73,11 @@ def arrowSetup(c)
               'arrow'=>'both', 'arrowshape'=>v.smallTips)
   TkcText.new(c, v.x2-5*v.b, tmp+5, 'text'=>v.b, 'anchor'=>'n')
 
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
-                'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]",'anchor'=>'w',
-                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-  else
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>'Helvetica 18')
-    TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
-                'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]",
-                'anchor'=>'w', 'font'=>'Helvetica 18')
-  end
+  TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 310, 'text'=>"'width'=>#{v.width}", 'anchor'=>'w', 
+              'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  TkcText.new(c, v.x1, 330, 
+              'text'=>"'arrowshape'=>[#{v.a}, #{v.b}, #{v.c}]", 'anchor'=>'w', 
+              'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
 
   v.count += 1
 end
@@ -104,16 +95,14 @@ $arrow_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($arrow_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î widget ¤Ç¡¢¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÉý¤äÌð°õ¤ÎƬ¤Î·Á¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£Àþ¤ÎÉý¤äÌð°õ¤Î·Á¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢³ÈÂ礵¤ì¤¿Ìð°õ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë 3¤Ä¤Î»Í³Ñ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£±¦Â¦¤ÎÌð°õ¤ÏÉáÄ̤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ç¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£²¼¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ï¥é¥¤¥ó¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥à¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -132,7 +121,7 @@ $arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $arrow_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
+$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new($arrow_demo, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
                              'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2)
 $arrow_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
index a1bcfdd2e7..e1e23b9893 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # text (tag bindings) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $bind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($bind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($bind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -43,14 +40,14 @@ def tag_binding_for_bind_demo(tag, enter_style, leave_style)
 end
 
 # text À¸À®
-txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
   # À¸À®
   setgrid 'true'
-  #width  60
-  #height 24
+  width  60
+  height 24
   font $font
   wrap 'word'
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($bind_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -94,32 +91,35 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   }
   d1.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'items.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d2.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'plot.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d3.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ctext.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d4.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'arrow.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d5.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ruler.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
   d6.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'cscroll.rb')
+            eval(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 
+                 _null_binding)
           })
 
   TkTextMarkInsert.new(t, '0.0')
   configure('state','disabled')
 }
-
-txt.width  60
-txt.height 24
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
index b6b0e54bbe..b71c67d3fd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # bitmap widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ def bitmapRow(w,*args)
       TkFrame.new(row){|base|
         pack('side'=>'left', 'fill'=>'both', 'pady'=>'.25c', 'padx'=>'.25c')
         TkLabel.new(base, 'text'=>bitmap, 'width'=>9).pack('side'=>'bottom')
-        Tk::Label.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
+        TkLabel.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
       }
     end
   }
@@ -38,16 +37,14 @@ $bitmap_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($bitmap_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Tk ¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Î̾Á°¤È¶¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Tcl ¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥ÈÃæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î̾Á°¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ»²¾È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -66,7 +63,7 @@ $bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $bitmap_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame ÀßÄê
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo){|f|
   bitmapRow(f,'error','gray25','gray50','hourglass')
   bitmapRow(f,'info','question','questhead','warning')
   pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
index 18e42008c9..20f8cae299 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # button widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
-#
 
 # toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
 if defined?($button_demo) && $button_demo
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($button_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$button_buttons = Tk::Frame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
+$button_buttons = TkFrame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
index b953e7f623..be675b9042 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # checkbutton widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $check_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($check_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($check_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -33,7 +30,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, 
+      showVars($check_demo, 
                ['wipers', wipers], ['brakes', brakes], ['sober', sober])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -63,8 +60,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton À¸À®
-[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| w.relief('flat'); w.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
index 7f7cb9e932..f681a4d684 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # checkbutton widget demo2 (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $check2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($check2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($check2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -34,7 +31,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -62,15 +59,15 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton À¸À®
-TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, :text=>'°ÂÁ´À­¸¡ºº', :variable=>safety, 
+TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, :text=>'°ÂÁ´À­¸¡ºº', :variable=>safety, 
                   :relief=>:flat, :onvalue=>'all', :offvalue=>'none', 
                   :tristatevalue=>'partial'){
   pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
 }
 
-[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| 
   w.relief('flat')
   w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>15, 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
index ce6b99ab94..de8cd80fcd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # widget demo prompts the user to select a color (called by 'widget')
 #
-#  Note: don't support ttk_wrapper. work with standard widgets only.
-#
 
 # toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
 if defined?($clrpick_demo) && $clrpick_demo
@@ -19,15 +16,12 @@ $clrpick_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 
 # label À¸À®
-#TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
-Tk::Label.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"°Ê²¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÎÁ°·Ê¿§¤ÈÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-# TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-  # TkButton.new(frame) {
-  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
+TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
@@ -37,23 +31,20 @@ Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-  # TkButton.new(frame) {
-  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
     command proc{showCode 'clrpick'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # button À¸À®
-# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
-Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'background', 
               ['background', 'highlightbackground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
 
-# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
-Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'foreground', ['foreground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
index 91817a947b..c6128f9c00 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # listbox widget demo 'colors' (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $colors_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($colors_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 colors_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   colors_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
@@ -61,15 +58,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   colors_lbox.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>1, 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y')
 
-#colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
-colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{
-                   begin
-                     TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get
-                   rescue => e
-                     p e
-                     Tk.tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.___tk_set_palette')
-                   end
-                   })
+colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
 
 ins_data = [
   'gray60','gray70','gray80','gray85','gray90','gray95',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index da00d712ba..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# combo.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates several combobox widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: combo.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($combo_demo) && $combo_demo
-  $combo_demo.destroy 
-  $combo_demo = nil
-end
-
-$combo_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Combobox Demonstration")
-  iconname("combo")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($combo_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï3¼ïÎà¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-ºÇ½é¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¤¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÈƱ¤¸Íͤˡ¤\
-¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤·¤¿¤ê¡¤¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤¿¤ê¡¤¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤Þ¤¿¡¤Return¥­¡¼¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ì¤Ð¸½ºß¤ÎÃͤ¬¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÄɲ䵤졤\
-¥É¥í¥Ã¥×¥À¥¦¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤éÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¢­(²¼¸þ¤­Ìð°õ)¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤·¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é\
-Ìð°õ¥­¡¼¤Ç¾¤Î¸õÊä¤òÁª¤ó¤ÇReturn¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤»¤Ð¡¤ÃͤòÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-2ÈÖÌܤΥ³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÏÆÃÄê¤ÎÃͤ˸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¤°ìÀÚÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥\
-3ÈÖÌܤΤâ¤Î¤Ï¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢¤ÎÅԻԤΥɥí¥Ã¥×¥À¥¦¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é\
-ÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤±¤¬²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-## variables
-firstValue  = TkVariable.new
-secondValue = TkVariable.new
-ozCity      = TkVariable.new
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           showVars(base_frame, 
-                                    ['firstVariable', firstValue], 
-                                    ['secondVariable', secondValue], 
-                                    ['ozCity', ozCity])
-                         }), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'combo'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $combo_demo.destroy
-                           $combo_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-australianCities = [
-  '¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ù¥é', '¥·¥É¥Ë¡¼', '¥á¥ë¥Ü¥ë¥ó', '¥Ñ¡¼¥¹', '¥¢¥Ç¥ì¡¼¥É', 
-  '¥Ö¥ê¥¹¥Ù¡¼¥ó', '¥Û¥Ð¡¼¥È', '¥À¡¼¥¦¥£¥ó', '¥¢¥ê¥¹ ¥¹¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¥¹'
-]
-
-
-secondValue.value = 'Êѹ¹ÉÔ²Ä'
-ozCity.value = '¥·¥É¥Ë¡¼'
-
-Tk.pack(Ttk::Labelframe.new(frame, :text=>'Fully Editable'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>firstValue){|b|
-            b.bind('Return', '%W'){|w|
-              w.values <<= w.value unless w.values.include?(w.value)
-            }
-          }.pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Disabled'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>secondValue, :state=>:disabled) .
-            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Defined List Only'){|f|
-          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>ozCity, :state=>:readonly, 
-                            :values=>australianCities) .
-            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-        }, 
-
-        :side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
index 845952679a..0d6db69af6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # simple scrollable canvas widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,16 +15,14 @@ $cscroll_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
+TkLabel.new($cscroll_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
             'justify'=>'left', 'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ä¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó2 ¤Ç¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£»Í³Ñ¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Ü¥¿¥ó1 ¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É¸½à½ÐÎϤ˽ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -45,7 +42,7 @@ $cscroll_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame ÀßÄê
 unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
+  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {
     pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 'padx'=>1, 'pady'=>1)
   }
   TkGrid.rowconfigure($cscroll_grid, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
 end
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 
+$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo, 
                                'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2,
                                'scrollregion'=>['-11c', '-11c', '50c', '20c']
                                ) {|c|
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,
          'rowspan'=>1, 'columnspan'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
   end
 
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
+  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
     c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
@@ -74,7 +71,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,
     end
   }
 
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                   'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}) {|hs|
     c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
index 05ca732cfd..66e1fe8107 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # Canvas Text widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $ctext_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èµ¡Ç½¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èʸ»úÎó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ò»Í³Ñ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤­¡¢¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È°ÌÃÖ¤®¤áÍѤÎÅÀ¤«¤é¤ÎÁêÂаÌÃÖ¤òÊѤ¨¤¿¤ê¡¢¹Ô·¤¨¤òÊѤ¨¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊÔ½¸¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥Ð¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
 
   1. ¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤­¡¢¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢ÆþÎϤǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£
@@ -31,7 +28,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -50,33 +47,24 @@ $ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $ctext_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas À¸À®
-$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'flat', 
+$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ctext_demo, 'relief'=>'flat', 
                              'borderwidth'=>0, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350)
 $ctext_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 # font ÀßÄê
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  textFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-else
-  textFont = 'Helvetica 24'
-end
+textFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
 TkcRectangle.new($ctext_canvas, 245, 195, 255, 205, 
                  'outline'=>'black', 'fill'=>'red')
 
-ctag_text_param = {
-  'text'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èµ¡Ç½¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¹¡£\n¾å¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤ÊÊÔ½¸¤ò²Äǽ¤È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ò»Ü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£",
-  'width'=>440, 'anchor'=>'n', 'justify'=>'left'
-}
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  ctag_text_param['font'] = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  ctag_text_param['kanjifont'] = '-*-r-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-else
-  ctag_text_param['font'] = 'Helvetica 24'
-end
 $ctag_text = TkcTag.new($ctext_canvas)
-$ctag_text.withtag(TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, 250, 200, ctag_text_param))
+$ctag_text.withtag(TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, 250, 200, 
+                               'text'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èµ¡Ç½¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Îʸ»úÎó¤Ç¤¹¡£\n¾å¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤ÊÊÔ½¸¤ò²Äǽ¤È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Ð¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ò»Ü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£",
+                               'width'=>440, 'anchor'=>'n', 
+                               'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+                               'kanjifont'=>'-*-r-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0', 
+                               'justify'=>'left') )
 
 $ctag_text.bind('1', proc{|x,y| textB1Press $ctext_canvas,x,y}, "%x %y")
 $ctag_text.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x,y| textB1Move $ctext_canvas,x,y}, "%x %y")
@@ -118,14 +106,9 @@ mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+60, y+60, 'anchor', 'nw', color
 item = TkcRectangle.new($ctext_canvas, x+40, y+40, x+50, y+50, 
                         'outline'=>'black', 'fill'=>'red')
 item.bind('1', proc{$ctag_text.configure 'anchor', 'center'})
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 
-              'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
-              'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-else
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 
-              'font'=>'Times 24', 'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-end
+TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Text Position', 'anchor'=>'s', 
+            'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+            'fill'=>'brown')
 
 # Lastly, create some items that allow the text's justification to be
 # changed.
@@ -136,14 +119,9 @@ color = 'SeaGreen2'
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x, y, 'justify', 'left', color
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+30, y, 'justify', 'center', color
 mkTextConfig $ctext_canvas, x+60, y, 'justify', 'right', color
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 
-              'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
-              'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-else
-  TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 
-              'font'=>'Times 24', 'anchor'=>'s', 'fill'=>'brown')
-end
+TkcText.new($ctext_canvas, x+45, y-5, 'text'=>'Justification', 'anchor'=>'s', 
+            'font'=>'-*-times-medium-r-normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*', 
+            'fill'=>'brown')
 
 $ctext_canvas.itembind('config', 'Enter', proc{textEnter $ctext_canvas})
 $ctext_canvas.itembind('config', 'Leave', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
index 07e50306ab..0d6181bfc6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog1.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # a dialog box with a local grab (called by 'widget')
 #
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
index f747f8d6a8..a934378dda 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/dialog2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # a dialog box with a global grab (called by 'widget')
 #
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
index 2be29c18d3..edf3b5f71d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # entry (no scrollbars) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $entry1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,9 +43,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # entry À¸À®
-e1 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e2 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e3 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e1 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e2 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e3 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 [e1,e2,e3].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>5, 'fill'=>'x')}
 
 # ½é´üÃÍÁÞÆþ
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
index 2675b5d324..7d5740e663 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # entry (with scrollbars) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $entry2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($entry2_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   # entry 1
   s1 = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'orient'=>'horiz')
   e1 = TkEntry.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken') {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
index 6b9cd4cf37..f57dc13553 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 # entry3.rb --
 #
 # This demonstration script creates several entry widgets whose
@@ -18,9 +17,7 @@ $entry3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($entry3_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 °Ê²¼¤Ë¤Ï£´¼ïÎà¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï¡¤\
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,
 ÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¤Ï¥¢¥¹¥¿¥ê¥¹¥¯µ­¹æ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -67,41 +64,23 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
 # count -       Counter to control the number of times flashed
 def focusAndFlash(widget, fg, bg, count=5)
   return if count <= 0
-  if fg && !fg.empty? && bg && !bg.empty?
-    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
-                ).start
-  else
-    # TkTimer.new(150, 3){Tk.bell}.start
-    Tk.bell
-    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'white', 
-                                      :background=>'black')}, 
-                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'black', 
-                                      :background=>'white')}
-                ).at_end{begin
-                           widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, 
-                                            :background=>bg)
-                         rescue
-                           # ignore
-                         end}.start
-  end
+  TkTimer.new(100, count, 
+              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
+              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
+              ).start
   widget.focus(true)
 end
 
-l1 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"À°¿ô¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l1 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"À°¿ô¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l1, :validate=>:focus, 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
             ]) {|e|
-  fg = e.foreground
-  bg = e.background
-  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, fg, bg)}, '%W']
+  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, e.fg, e.bg)}, '%W']
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l2 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"ŤµÀ©ÌóÉÕ¤­¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l2 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"ŤµÀ©ÌóÉÕ¤­¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l2, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :vcmd=>[proc{|s| s.length < 10}, '%P']
             ).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
@@ -182,15 +161,15 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.delete(idx)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
-    # Tk.update(true)  # <- Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
-                       #    It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1).
+    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
     return true
   end
   return false
 end
 
 
-l3 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"ÊƹñÅÅÏÃÈֹ楨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l3 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"ÊƹñÅÅÏÃÈֹ楨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :textvariable=>entry3content, 
             :vcmd=>[
@@ -209,14 +188,14 @@ TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell},
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l4 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l4 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l4, :validate=>:key, :show=>'*', 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s.length <= 8}, 
               '%P'
             ]).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
   lower
   TkGrid.configure(l1, l2, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
   TkGrid.configure(l3, l4, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
index b8846d08a0..f3608ab70f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # widget demo prompts the user to select a file (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,14 +15,12 @@ $filebox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($filebox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new($filebox_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òľÀÜÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤«¡¢\"Browse\" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 ['³«¤¯', 'Êݸ'].each{|type|
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|f|
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò#{type}: ", 'anchor'=>'e')\
     .pack('side'=>'left')
 
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
       pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
 
       TkButton.new(f, 'text'=>'Browse ...', 
-                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog base_frame,e,type})\
+                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog $filebox_demo,e,type})\
       .pack('side'=>'left')
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +57,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 $tk_strictMotif = TkVarAccess.new('tk_strictMotif')
 if ($tk_platform['platform'] == 'unix')
-  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 
+  TkCheckButton.new($filebox_demo, 
                     'text'=>'Motif¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¤òÍѤ¤¤ë', 
                     'variable'=>$tk_strictMotif, 
                     'onvalue'=>1, 'offvalue'=>0 ).pack('anchor'=>'c')
@@ -93,10 +90,7 @@ def fileDialog(w,ent,operation)
   if file != ""
     ent.delete 0, 'end'
     ent.insert 0, file
-    # ent.xview 'end'
-    Tk.update_idletasks # need this for Tk::Tile::Entry
-                        # (to find right position of 'xview').
-    ent.xview(ent.index('end'))
+    ent.xview 'end'
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
index a2ec2e9969..b029580bd6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # floorDisplay widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -1587,16 +1586,14 @@ $floor_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($floor_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¸¥¿¥ë¥¨¥¯¥¤¥Ã¥×¥á¥ó¥È¼Ò¤Î¥¦¥§¥¹¥¿¥ó¥ê¥µ¡¼¥Á¥é¥Ü¥é¥È¥ê (DECWRL) ¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï 3³¬·ú¤Æ¤Ç¡¢¾ï¤Ë¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î1³¬Ê¬¤¬ÁªÂò¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤½¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤ë³¬¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Îº¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë³¬¤Î¾å¤òÆ°¤¯¤È¡¢¤½¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Éô²°Èֹ椬¡ÖÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ:¡×¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤½¤ÎÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -1620,17 +1617,17 @@ $floorItems = {}
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1639,7 +1636,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
index d4381c5543..a20b31d45c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # floorDisplay widget demo 2 (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -1587,16 +1586,14 @@ $floor2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($floor2_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¸¥¿¥ë¥¨¥¯¥¤¥Ã¥×¥á¥ó¥È¼Ò¤Î¥¦¥§¥¹¥¿¥ó¥ê¥µ¡¼¥Á¥é¥Ü¥é¥È¥ê (DECWRL) ¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï 3³¬·ú¤Æ¤Ç¡¢¾ï¤Ë¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î1³¬Ê¬¤¬ÁªÂò¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤½¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤ë³¬¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Îº¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë³¬¤Î¾å¤òÆ°¤¯¤È¡¢¤½¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Éô²°Èֹ椬¡ÖÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ:¡×¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤½¤ÎÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -1620,17 +1617,17 @@ $floorItems2 = {}
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor2_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor2_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1639,7 +1636,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor2_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
index 4de7056764..fe456d3943 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # form widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $form_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($form_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 # entry À¸À®
 form_data = []
 (1..5).each{|i|
-  f = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'bd'=>2)
+  f = TkFrame.new($form_demo, 'bd'=>2)
   e = TkEntry.new(f, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'width'=>40)
   l = TkLabel.new(f)
   e.pack('side'=>'right')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
index a81c7ec70c..592b69f775 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # Ruby/Tk Goldverg demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -55,8 +54,6 @@ $goldberg_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 #  positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($goldberg_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 =begin
 # label
 msg = TkLabel.new($goldberg_demo) {
@@ -179,8 +176,7 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
     do_ctrl_frame
     do_detail_frame
 
-    # msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
-    msg = Tk::Label.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
       font 'Arial 10'
       wraplength 600
       justify 'left'
@@ -190,8 +186,7 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
 
     frame = TkFrame.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'])
 
-    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
-    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
       command proc{
         tmppath = $goldberg_demo
@@ -200,14 +195,12 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
       }
     }.pack('side'=>'left')
 
-    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
-    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
       command proc{showCode 'goldberg'}
     }.pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>5)
 
-    # @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
-    @show = Tk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
                          :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg'])
     @show.pack('side'=>'left')
     frame.place(:in=>@canvas, :relx=>1, :rely=>0, :anchor=>:ne)
@@ -216,11 +209,10 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 
   def do_ctrl_frame
-    @start = Tk::Button.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
+    @start = TkButton.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
                           :command=>proc{do_button(0)})
-    if font = @start['font']
-      @start.font(font.weight('bold'))
-    end
+    @start.font(@start['font'].weight('bold'))
+    font = @start['font']
 
     @pause = TkCheckbutton.new(@parent, :text=>'Pause', :font=>font, 
                                :command=>proc{do_button(1)}, :relief=>:raised, 
@@ -2008,4 +2000,4 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 end
 
-TkGoldberg_Demo.new(base_frame)
+TkGoldberg_Demo.new($goldberg_demo)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hello b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hello
index 08f154d499..859ebd950e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hello
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hello
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 require 'tk'
 
 TkButton.new(nil,
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
index 5615aa50bd..37d215435c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 require "tkcanvas"
 
 if defined?($hscale_demo) && $hscale_deom
@@ -12,9 +11,8 @@ $hscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($hscale_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($hscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -41,17 +39,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-def setWidth(w, width)
-  width = width + 21
-  x2 = width - 30
-  if x2 < 21
-    x2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-end
-
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
     height 50
@@ -76,3 +64,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'anchor'=>'n')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+
+
+def setWidth(w, width)
+  width = width + 21
+  x2 = width - 30
+  if x2 < 21
+    x2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
index a2ca6651dc..e4fef5cae7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # iconic button widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $icon_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($icon_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -63,18 +60,16 @@ TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
 letters = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
+TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
-    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
-    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
+    TkRadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
-    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
+    TkRadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
@@ -83,16 +78,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
 
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
+  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
     image flagdown
     selectimage flagup
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor self['background']
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
-  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
+  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
     bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                    'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
index d9435cc1a2..3d47f844e5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # two image widgets demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $image1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -55,10 +52,7 @@ TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label À¸À®
-#[ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-#  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-#].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
-[ Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+[ TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+  TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
index 1bb2c9e9c3..e2e2a2b036 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # widget demo 'load image' (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $image2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -53,21 +50,21 @@ $dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 # ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾ÆþÎÏÉô
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')\
+TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-image2_e = TkEntry.new(base_frame) {
+image2_e = TkEntry.new($image2_demo) {
   width 30
   textvariable $dirName
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:')\
+TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
+TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   l = TkListbox.new(w) {
     width 20
@@ -86,10 +83,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
 # image ÇÛÃÖ
-[ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
-  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'²èÁü:'),
-  # TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
-  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
+[ TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
+  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'²èÁü:'),
+  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'image'=>$image2a)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 # ¥á¥½¥Ã¥ÉÄêµÁ
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
index 12b8aafd8e..d9f378c116 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 # image3.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a simple collection of widgets
@@ -20,8 +19,6 @@ $image3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # 
 def loadDir3(w)
   w.delete(0,'end')
@@ -52,7 +49,7 @@ end
 
 
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -61,7 +58,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -90,11 +87,11 @@ end
 $image3a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-image3_f = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+image3_f = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')
+image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')
 
-image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:', 
+image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:', 
                              :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :expand=>true)
@@ -114,9 +111,8 @@ TkButton.new(image3_df, :pady=>0, :padx=>'2m', :text=>"¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁªÂò",
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0, '2m'], :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
-image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸:') {|f|
-  # TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
-  Tk::Label.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸:') {|f|
+  TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
 Tk.grid(image3_df,  '-',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
index 64ceeff3ec..38774d10d2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # canvas item types widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $items_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($items_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 cvs = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|cf|
+TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|cf|
   # canvas À¸À®
   cvs = TkCanvas.new(cf) {|c|
     focus
@@ -94,13 +91,8 @@ TkcLine.new(cvs, '0c', '16c', '30c', '16c', 'width'=>2)
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '10c', '0c', '10c', '24c', 'width'=>2)
 TkcLine.new(cvs, '20c', '0c', '20c', '24c', 'width'=>2)
 
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  font1 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  font2 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-else
-  font1 = 'Helvetica 12'
-  font2 = 'Helvetica 24 bold'
-end
+font1 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
+font2 = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 if TkWinfo.depth($root).to_i > 1
   blue   = 'DeepSkyBlue3'
   red    = 'red'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ixset2 b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ixset2
index 5b816e40b1..8947daa4b4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ixset2
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ixset2
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # ixset --
 # A nice interface to "xset" to change X server settings
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d4595ea441..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# Based on the widget demo of Tcl/Tk8.5.2
-# The following is the original copyright text.
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Copyright (C) 2008 Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sourceforge.net>
-#
-#	Calculate a Knight's tour of a chessboard.
-#
-#	This uses Warnsdorff's rule to calculate the next square each
-#	time. This specifies that the next square should be the one that
-#	has the least number of available moves.
-#
-#	Using this rule it is possible to get to a position where
-#	there are no squares available to move into. In this implementation
-#	this occurs when the starting square is d6.
-#
-#	To solve this fault an enhancement to the rule is that if we
-#	have a choice of squares with an equal score, we should choose
-#	the one nearest the edge of the board.
-#
-#	If the call to the Edgemost function is commented out you can see
-#	this occur.
-#
-#	You can drag the knight to a specific square to start if you wish.
-#	If you let it repeat then it will choose random start positions
-#	for each new tour.
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-require 'tk'
-
-class Knights_Tour
-  # Return a list of accessible squares from a given square
-  def valid_moves(square)
-    moves = []
-    [
-      [-1,-2], [-2,-1], [-2,1], [-1,2], [1,2], [2,1], [2,-1], [1,-2]
-    ].each{|col_delta, row_delta|
-      col = (square % 8) + col_delta
-      row = (square.div(8)) + row_delta
-      moves << (row * 8 + col) if row > -1 && row < 8 && col > -1 && col < 8
-    }
-    moves
-  end
-
-  # Return the number of available moves for this square
-  def check_square(square)
-    valid_moves(square).find_all{|pos| ! @visited.include?(pos)}.length
-  end
-
-  # Select the next square to move to. Returns -1 if there are no available
-  # squares remaining that we can move to.
-  def next_square(square)
-    minimum = 9
-    nxt = -1
-    valid_moves(square).each{|pos|
-      unless @visited.include?(pos)
-        cnt = check_square(pos)
-        if cnt < minimum
-          minimum = cnt
-          nxt = pos
-        elsif cnt == minimum
-          nxt = edgemost(nxt, pos)
-        end
-      end
-    }
-    nxt
-  end
-
-  # Select the square nearest the edge of the board
-  def edgemost(nxt, pos)
-    col_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt % 8).abs.to_i)
-    col_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos % 8).abs.to_i)
-    row_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt.div(8)).abs.to_i)
-    row_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos.div(8)).abs.to_i)
-    (col_A * row_A < col_B * row_B)? nxt : pos
-  end
-
-  # Display a square number as a standard chess square notation.
-  def _N(square)
-    '%c%d' % [(97 + square % 8), (square.div(8) + 1)]
-  end
-
-  # Perform a Knight's move and schedule the next move.
-  def move_piece(last, square)
-    @log.insert(:end, "#{@visited.length}. #{_N last} -> #{_N square}\n", '')
-    @log.see(:end)
-    @board.itemconfigure(1+last, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'black')
-    @board.itemconfigure(1+square, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'red')
-    @knight.coords(@board.coords(1+square)[0..1])
-    @visited << square
-    if (nxt = next_square(square)) != -1
-      @after_id = Tk.after(@delay.numeric){move_piece(square, nxt) rescue nil}
-    else
-      @start_btn.state :normal
-      if @visited.length == 64
-        if @initial == square
-          @log.insert :end, '¼þÍ·(closed tour)À®¸ù¡ª'
-        else
-          @log.insert :end, "À®¸ù\n", {}
-          Tk.after(@delay.numeric * 2){tour(rand(64))} if @continuous.bool
-        end
-      else
-        @log.insert :end, "¼ºÇÔ¡ª\n", {}
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  # Begin a new tour of the board given a random start position
-  def tour(square = nil)
-    @visited.clear
-    @log.clear
-    @start_btn.state :disabled
-    1.upto(64){|n|
-      @board.itemconfigure(n, :state=>:disabled, :outline=>'black')
-    }
-    unless square
-      square = @board.find_closest(*(@knight.coords << 0 << 65))[0].to_i - 1
-    end
-    @initial = square
-    Tk.after_idle{ move_piece(@initial, @initial) rescue nil }
-  end
-
-  def _stop
-    Tk.after_cancel(@after_id) rescue nil
-  end
-
-  def _exit
-    _stop
-    $knightstour.destroy
-  end
-
-  def set_delay(new)
-    @delay.numeric = new.to_i
-  end
-
-  def drag_start(w, x, y)
-    w.dtag('selected')
-    w.addtag('selected', :withtag, 'current')
-    @dragging = [x, y]
-  end
-
-  def drag_motion(w, x, y)
-    return unless @dragging
-    w.move('selected', x - @dragging[0], y - @dragging[1])
-    @dragging = [x, y]
-  end
-
-  def drag_end(w, x, y)
-    square = w.find_closest(x, y, 0, 65)
-    w.coords('selected', w.coords(square)[0..1])
-    w.dtag('selected')
-    @dragging = nil
-  end
-
-  def make_SeeDismiss
-    ## See Code / Dismiss
-    frame = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-    Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-    TkGrid('x', 
-           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                           :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                           :command=>proc{showCode 'knightstour'}), 
-           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                           :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                           :command=>proc{
-                             $knightstour.destroy
-                             $knightstour = nil
-                           }), 
-           :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-    frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    frame
-  end
-
-  def create_gui(parent = nil)
-    $knightstour.destroy rescue nil
-    $knightstour = Tk::Toplevel.new(parent, :title=>"Knight's tour")
-    $knightstour.withdraw
-    base_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    @board = Tk::Canvas.new(base_f, :width=>240, :height=>240)
-    @log = Tk::Text.new(base_f, :width=>12, :height=>1, 
-                        :font=>'Arial 8', :background=>'white')
-    scr = @log.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_f))
-
-    @visited = []
-    @delay = TkVariable.new(600)
-    @continuous = TkVariable.new(false)
-
-    tool_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
-    label = Ttk::Label.new(tool_f, :text=>'¼Â¹Ô®ÅÙ')
-    scale = Ttk::Scale.new(tool_f, :from=>8, :to=>2000, :variable=>@delay, 
-                           :command=>proc{|n| set_delay(n)})
-    check = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tool_f, :text=>'È¿Éü', 
-                                 :variable=>@continuous)
-    @start_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'³«»Ï', 
-                                 :command=>proc{tour()})
-    @exit_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'½ªÎ»', 
-                                :command=>proc{_exit()})
-
-    7.downto(0){|row|
-      0.upto(7){|col|
-        if ((col & 1) ^ (row & 1)).zero?
-          fill  = 'bisque'
-          dfill = 'bisque3'
-        else
-          fill  = 'tan3'
-          dfill = 'tan4'
-        end
-        coords = [col * 30 + 4, row * 30 + 4, col * 30 + 30, row * 30 + 30]
-        @board.create(TkcRectangle, coords, 
-                      :fill=>fill, :disabledfill=>dfill,
-                      :width=>2, :state=>:disabled)
-      }
-    }
-
-    @knight_font = TkFont.new(:size=>-24)
-    @knight = TkcText.new(@board, 0, 0, :font=>@knight_font, 
-                          :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new('\u265e'), 
-                          :anchor=>'nw', # :tags=>'knight', 
-                          :fill=>'black', :activefill=>'#600000')
-    @knight.coords(@board.coords(rand(64)+1)[0..1])
-    @knight.bind('ButtonPress-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_start(w,x,y)}
-    @knight.bind('Motion', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_motion(w,x,y)}
-    @knight.bind('ButtonRelease-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_end(w,x,y)}
-
-    Tk.grid(@board, @log, scr, :sticky=>'news')
-    base_f.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    base_f.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-    Tk.grid(base_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'news')
-    widgets = [label, scale, check, @start_btn]
-    sg = nil
-    unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-      widgets << @exit_btn
-      if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-        #widgets.unshift(Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f))
-        Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f).pack(:side=>:right, :anchor=>'se')
-      end
-    end
-    Tk.pack(widgets, :side=>:right)
-    if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
-      TkPack.configure(widgets, :padx=>[4, 4], :pady=>[12, 12])
-      TkPack.configure(widgets[0], :padx=>[4, 24])
-      TkPack.configure(widgets[-1], :padx=>[16, 4])
-    end
-
-    Tk.grid(tool_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
-
-    if $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-      Tk.grid(make_SeeDismiss(), '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
-    end
-
-    $knightstour.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-    $knightstour.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-    $knightstour.bind('Control-F2'){TkConsole.show}
-    $knightstour.bind('Return'){@start_btn.invoke}
-    $knightstour.bind('Escape'){@exit_btn.invoke}
-    $knightstour.bind('Destroy'){ _stop }
-    $knightstour.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ _exit }
-
-    $knightstour.deiconify
-    $knightstour.tkwait_destroy
-  end
-
-  def initialize(parent = nil)
-    create_gui(parent)
-  end
-end
-
-Tk.root.withdraw unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
-Thread.new{Tk.mainloop} if __FILE__ == $0
-Knights_Tour.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
index 2e6b3e7e57..59626289fc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # label widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $label_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($label_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -47,8 +44,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo Íѥե졼¥àÀ¸À®
-f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_left = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
+f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
 [f_left, f_right].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 
                                   'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10, 'fill'=>'both')}
 
@@ -59,8 +56,7 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
   TkLabel.new(f_left, 'text'=>'3 ÈÖÌÜ¡£ÄÀ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹ ', 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
-# TkLabel.new(f_right) {
-Tk::Label.new(f_right) {
+TkLabel.new(f_right) {
   bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
index 11b0d27308..23c974dcc2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # labelframe.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
@@ -19,10 +17,8 @@ $labelframe_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # Some information
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($labelframe_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 TkLabelFrame ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë widget 
@@ -38,7 +34,7 @@ labelframe ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -52,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
 }
 
 # Demo area
-w = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
+w = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
                                        :expand=>true)
 
 # A group of radiobuttons in a labelframe
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a7834d2668..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# mclist.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# tree widget configured as a multi-column listbox.
-#
-# based on "Id: mclist.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($mclist_demo) && $mclist_demo
-  $mclist_demo.destroy 
-  $mclist_demo = nil
-end
-
-$mclist_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Multi-Column List")
-  iconname("mclist")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($mclist_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Explanatory text
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
-Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï\
-Ttk¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¡¤\
-¤½¤ì¤¬ÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ëÌÚ¹½Â¤¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Þ¤Ç¤Ïɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
-¼¨¤·¤¿¤¤¾ðÊó¤ò¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥«¥é¥à¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï¡¤Ê£¿ô¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë´Êñ¤ÊÎã¤Ç¤¹¡¥
-³Æ¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë(heading)¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¤\
-¤½¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎʤÙÂؤ¨¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¤Þ¤¿¡¤¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë´Ö¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êÉôʬ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
-¥«¥é¥à¤ÎÉý¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'mclist'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $mclist_demo.destroy
-                           $mclist_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame)
-tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(country capital currency), 
-                          :show=>:headings)
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aquq'
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-else
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-end
-
-container.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-
-## The data we're going to insert
-data = [
-  ['¥¢¥ë¥¼¥ó¥Á¥ó', 	'¥Ö¥¨¥Î¥¹¥¢¥¤¥ì¥¹', 	'ARS'], 
-  ['¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢',	'¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ù¥é',		'AUD'], 
-  ['¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ë', 		'¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ê¥¢', 		'BRL'], 
-  ['¥«¥Ê¥À', 		'¥ª¥¿¥ï', 		'CAD'], 
-  ['Ãæ¹ñ',		'Ë̵þ', 		'CNY'], 
-  ['¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹',		'¥Ñ¥ê', 		'EUR'], 
-  ['¥É¥¤¥Ä', 		'¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó',		'EUR'], 
-  ['¥¤¥ó¥É', 		'¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ç¥ê¡¼',		'INR'], 
-  ['¥¤¥¿¥ê¥¢', 		'¥í¡¼¥Þ', 		'EUR'], 
-  ['ÆüËÜ', 		'Åìµþ', 		'JPY'], 
-  ['¥á¥­¥·¥³', 		'¥á¥­¥·¥³¥·¥Æ¥£', 	'MXN'], 
-  ['¥í¥·¥¢', 		'¥â¥¹¥¯¥ï', 		'RUB'], 
-  ['Æ¥Õ¥ê¥«',	'¥×¥ì¥È¥ê¥¢', 		'ZAR'], 
-  ['±Ñ¹ñ', 		'¥í¥ó¥É¥ó', 		'GBP'], 
-  ['¥¢¥á¥ê¥«', 		'¥ï¥·¥ó¥È¥ó D.C.', 	'USD'],
-]
-
-## Code to insert the data nicely
-font = Ttk::Style.lookup(tree[:style], :font)
-cols = %w(country capital currency)
-cols.zip(%w(¹ñ̾ ¼óÅÔ Ä̲ß)).each{|col, name|
-  tree.heading_configure(col, :text=>name, 
-                         :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, false)})
-  tree.column_configure(col, :width=>TkFont.measure(font, name))
-}
-
-data.each{|country, capital, currency|
-  #tree.insert('', :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
-  tree.insert(nil, :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
-  cols.zip([country, capital, currency]).each{|col, val|
-    len = TkFont.measure(font, "#{val}  ")
-    if tree.column_cget(col, :width) < len
-      tree.column_configure(col, :width=>len)
-    end
-  }
-}
-
-## Code to do the sorting of the tree contents when clicked on
-def sort_by(tree, col, direction)
-  tree.children(nil).map!{|row| [tree.get(row, col), row.id]} . 
-    sort(&((direction)? proc{|x, y| y <=> x}: proc{|x, y| x <=> y})) . 
-    each_with_index{|info, idx| tree.move(info[1], nil, idx)}
-
-  tree.heading_configure(col, :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, ! direction)})
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
index c3d95176b4..add85f7f7b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # menus widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $menu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # menu frame À¸À®
-$menu_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
+$menu_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
 $menu_frame.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 begin
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command-X ¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢X¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼µ­¹æ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥é¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¹àÌܵ¯Æ°¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼Í×ÁÇÃæ¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¹àÌܤòÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÆÈΩ¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£")
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -110,8 +107,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
         'accelerator'=>"#{modifier}+G", 'underline'=>6)
     $menu_demo.bind("#{modifier}-g", proc{print "Goodbye(¤µ¤è¤¦¤Ê¤é)\n"})
 
-    # TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
-    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
+    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Check buttons(¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó)', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_check, 'underline'=>0)
       oil = TkVariable.new(0)
@@ -133,8 +129,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
       invoke 3
     }
 
-    #TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
-    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
+    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Radio buttons(¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó)', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_radio, 'underline'=>0)
       pointSize = TkVariable.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
index a631bacd43..8c2a815d78 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # menus widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,8 +15,6 @@ $menu84_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu84_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 begin
   windowingsystem = Tk.windowingsystem()
 rescue
@@ -25,7 +22,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ò»ý¤Ä¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ð¡¼¤¬ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command+x ('x'¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ë³¤±¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ç¤¹) ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ºÇ¸å¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ç¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î³°¤Ë¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢ÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥Ñ¥ì¥Ã¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀÚ¤êÊü¤¹¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
@@ -36,7 +33,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 
 menustatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>menustatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 
               'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
index 9249f2491a..050f0decb4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # menus widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,18 +15,16 @@ $menu8x_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tk8.0 °Ê¾å¤ÇÍøÍѤǤ­¤ëµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? 'jp': ''} ¤Ç¤ÏÀµ¾ï¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥â¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òÃæ»ß¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¬Ãæ»ß¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command-X ¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢X¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼µ­¹æ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥é¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¹àÌܵ¯Æ°¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼Í×ÁÇÃæ¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¹àÌܤòÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÆÈΩ¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£")
@@ -64,14 +61,14 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 # ¾õÂÖɽ¼¨¤ÎÀ¸À®
 $menu8xstatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>$menu8xstatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 'anchor'=>'w')\
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>2)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
index 90dc367305..aa90a3087f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 require "tkcanvas"
 
 def optionMenu(menubutton, varName, firstValue, *rest)
@@ -33,18 +32,16 @@ $menubu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 
 positionWindow($menubu_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new($menubu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tk8.0 °Ê¾å¤ÇÍøÍѤǤ­¤ëµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? 'jp': ''} ¤Ç¤ÏÀµ¾ï¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥â¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òÃæ»ß¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¬Ãæ»ß¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -63,7 +60,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 else ; # Tk8.x
 
-body = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+body = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo)
 body.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 below = TkMenubutton.new(body) {
@@ -158,7 +155,7 @@ center = TkFrame.new(body) {
   grid('row'=>1, 'column'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
 }
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
index 88380e08bd..983e6b6589 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # message boxes widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,14 +15,12 @@ $msgbox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
-            'text'=>"¤Þ¤ºÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë\"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+            'text'=>"ɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤·¤Æ \"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,8 +43,8 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
 $msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
                         'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 $msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
@@ -81,7 +78,7 @@ $msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
 def showMessageBox(w)
   button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
                          'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
-                         'message'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\"¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£")
+                         'message'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï \"#{$msgboxType.value}\" ¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\" ¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£")
 
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
                 'message'=>"¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï \"#{button}\" ¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£")
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d61f25129a..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# message boxes widget demo (called by 'widget')
-#
-
-# toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
-if defined?($msgbox2_demo) && $msgbox2_demo
-  $msgbox2_demo.destroy 
-  $msgbox2_demo = nil
-end
-
-# demo ÍѤΠtoplevel widget ¤òÀ¸À®
-$msgbox2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Message Box Demonstration")
-  iconname("messagebox")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-# label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
-            'text'=>"¤Þ¤ºÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë\"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·Á¼°¤Ç¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤È¾ÜºÙ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤È¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
-
-# frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    #text 'λ²ò'
-    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
-    command proc{
-      tmppath = $msgbox2_demo
-      $msgbox2_demo = nil
-      tmppath.destroy
-    }
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
-    command proc{showCode 'msgbox2'}
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
-    text '¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹'
-    command proc{showMessageBox $msgbox2_demo}
-  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
-}.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
-
-# frame À¸À®
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-$msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
-                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
-$msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
-                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
-
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>'¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó').pack('side'=>'top')
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
-.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
-
-$msgboxIcon = TkVariable.new('info')
-['error', 'info', 'question', 'warning'].each {|icon|
-  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>icon, 'variable'=>$msgboxIcon, 
-                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>icon, 'width'=>16, 
-                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
-                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
-}
-
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>'¼ïÎà').pack('side'=>'top')
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
-.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
-
-$msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
-['abortretryignore', 'ok', 'okcancel', 
-  'retrycancel', 'yesno', 'yesnocancel'].each {|type|
-  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>type, 'variable'=>$msgboxType, 
-                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>type, 'width'=>16, 
-                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
-                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
-}
-
-def showMessageBox(w)
-  button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
-                         'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
-                         'message'=>"\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹", 
-                         'detail'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\"¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£²¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£")
-
-  Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
-                'message'=>"¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï \"#{button}\" ¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£")
-end
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
index f994e83ff1..8d16d03c08 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # paned1.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ $paned1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($paned1_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ²¼¤Î¿§ÉÕ¤±¤µ¤ì¤¿Æó¤Ä¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î´Ö¤Î»ÅÀÚ¤êÏȤϡ¢°ì¤Ä¤ÎÎΰè¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ëʬ³ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£º¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ê¬³ä¥µ¥¤¥ºÊѹ¹¤ÎÁàºîÅÓÃæ¤Ç¤ÏºÆɽ¼¨¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤º¡¢³ÎÄꤵ¤»¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¬¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤ÎÁàºî¤ËÄɿ路¤Æ¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿É½¼¨¤¬¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÎÃæ±û¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
@@ -31,7 +27,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -44,9 +40,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:horizontal){|f|
-  add(Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
-      Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
-
+TkPanedwindow.new($paned1_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
+
+  add(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
+      TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
index cdc8253402..1e82eddda4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # paned2.rb --
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ $paned2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($paned2_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ²¼¤Î¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿Æó¤Ä¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î´Ö¤Î»ÅÀÚ¤êÏȤϡ¢°ì¤Ä¤ÎÎΰè¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ëʬ³ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£º¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ê¬³ä¥µ¥¤¥ºÊѹ¹¤ÎÁàºîÅÓÃæ¤Ç¤ÏºÆɽ¼¨¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤º¡¢³ÎÄꤵ¤»¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¬¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤ÎÁàºî¤ËÄɿ路¤Æ¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿É½¼¨¤¬¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÎÃæ±û¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
@@ -31,7 +27,7 @@ TkLabel.new(base_frame,
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($paned2_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -68,7 +64,7 @@ paneList.value = [         # ruby's array --> tcl's list
 ]
 
 # Create the pane itself
-TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
+TkPanedwindow.new($paned2_demo, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 
   add(TkFrame.new(f){|paned2_top|
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
index b115f5be2c..d703c74d5a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # This demonstration illustrates how Tcl/Tk can be used to construct
 # simulations of physical systems.
@@ -19,10 +18,8 @@ $pendulum_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -53,11 +50,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 class PendulumAnimationDemo
   def initialize(frame)
     # Create some structural widgets
-    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-#    @pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
-#    @pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
-    @lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation')
-    @lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space')
+    pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
+    pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
 
     # Create the canvas containing the graphical representation of the
     # simulated system.
@@ -105,24 +100,23 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
     @dTheta = 0.0
     @length = 150
 
+    # init display
+    showPendulum
+
     # animation loop
     @timer = TkTimer.new(15){ repeat }
 
     # binding
     @c.bindtags_unshift(btag = TkBindTag.new)
     btag.bind('Destroy'){ @timer.stop }
-    btag.bind('1', proc{|x, y| @timer.stop; showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i)}, 
-              '%x %y')
-    btag.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i)}, '%x %y')
+    btag.bind('1', proc{|x, y| @timer.stop; showPendulum(x, y)}, '%x %y')
+    btag.bind('B1-Motion', proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x, y)}, '%x %y')
     btag.bind('ButtonRelease-1', 
-              proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x.to_i, y.to_i); @timer.start }, 
-              '%x %y')
+              proc{|x, y| showPendulum(x, y); @timer.start }, '%x %y')
 
-    btag.bind('Configure', proc{|w| @plate.coords(0, 25, w.to_i, 25)}, '%w')
+    btag.bind('Configure', proc{|w| @plate.coords(0, 25, w, 25)}, '%w')
 
     @k.bind('Configure', proc{|h, w| 
-              h = h.to_i
-              w = w.to_i
               @psh = h/2; 
               @psw = w/2
               @x_axis.coords(2, @psh, w-2, @psh)
@@ -131,14 +125,6 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
               @label_dtheta.coords(w-6, @psh+4)
             }, '%h %w')
 
-    # add
-    Tk.update
-    @pane.add(@lf1)
-    @pane.add(@lf2)
-
-    # init display
-    showPendulum
-
     # animation start
     @timer.start(500)
   end
@@ -169,10 +155,6 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
   # rate at which the angle is changing (the first derivative with
   # respect to time.)
   def showPhase
-    unless @psw && @psh
-      @psw = @k.width/2
-      @psh = @k.height/2
-    end
     @points << @theta + @psw << -20*@dTheta + @psh
     if @points.length > 100
       @points = @points[-100..-1]
@@ -239,4 +221,4 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-PendulumAnimationDemo.new(base_frame)
+PendulumAnimationDemo.new($pendulum_demo)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
index 9ff71904cd..902b144f72 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # 2-D plot widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,16 +15,14 @@ $plot_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($plot_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($plot_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ï´Êñ¤Ê2¼¡¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥Ã¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget¤Ç¤¹¡£É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿ÅÀ¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥Ü¥¿¥ó1¤Ç¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤·¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¤¤¤¸¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new($plot_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,14 +41,10 @@ $plot_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $plot_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # font ÀßÄê
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    plotFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  else
-    font = 'Helvetica 18'
-  end
+plotFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
+$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new($plot_demo,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
 $plot_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # plot À¸À®
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
index 2febc2c55a..ad69775aab 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # widet demo 'puzzle' (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $puzzle_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -53,27 +50,18 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 #
 begin
   if Tk.windowingsystem() == 'aqua'
-    frameWidth  = 168
-    frameHeight = 168
-  elsif Tk.default_widget_set == :Ttk
-    frameWidth  = 148
-    frameHeight = 124
+    frameSize = 160
   else
-    frameWidth  = 120
-    frameHeight = 120
+    frameSize = 120
   end
 rescue
-  frameWidth  = 120
-  frameHeight = 120
+  frameSize = 120
 end
-
-# depend_on_button_width = true
-depend_on_button_width = false
  
-s = TkScrollbar.new(base_frame)
-base = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
-  width  frameWidth
-  height frameHeight
+s = TkScrollbar.new($puzzle_demo)
+base = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {
+  width  frameSize
+  height frameSize
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
   bg s['troughcolor']
@@ -100,9 +88,6 @@ order = [3,1,6,2,5,7,15,13,4,11,8,9,14,10,12]
     text num
     highlightthickness 0
     command def_puzzleswitch_proc(w, num)
-    if depend_on_button_width && (w.winfo_reqwidth * 4 > base.width)
-      base.width = w.winfo_reqwidth * 4
-    end
   }.place('relx'=>$xpos[num], 'rely'=>$ypos[num], 
           'relwidth'=>0.25, 'relheight'=>0.25)
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
index a61ad46d9b..5858b4222a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # radiobutton widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $radio_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ size = TkVariable.new
 color = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -52,14 +49,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], ['color', color])
+      showVars($radio_demo, ['size', size], ['color', color])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
-f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_left = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
+f_right = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
index cf53e3e485..5ac877d99a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # radio2.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
@@ -21,10 +19,8 @@ $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio2_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -38,7 +34,7 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -58,18 +54,18 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars(base_frame, 
+      showVars($radio2_demo, 
                ['size', size], ['color', color], ['compound', align])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¿§', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'¿§', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_mid.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
@@ -95,8 +91,7 @@ f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
-label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
index 4bbc1b31f5..6e9a0f750b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # radio3.rb
 #
 # This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing
@@ -21,10 +19,8 @@ $radio3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($radio3_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -38,14 +34,14 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
                       :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
                       :command=>proc{
-                        showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], 
+                        showVars($radio3_demo, ['size', size], 
                                  ['color', color], ['compound', align])
                       }), 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
@@ -65,17 +61,17 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¿§', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¿§', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left .grid('column'=>0, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_mid  .grid('column'=>1, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_right.grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È', 
+TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È', 
              'command'=>proc{size.value = 'multi'; color.value = 'multi'}){
   grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>2, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 }
@@ -103,8 +99,7 @@ TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È',
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
-label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
index 6c3ea7a484..dcc18cfa51 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/rolodex-j
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # rolodex --
 # ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tom LaStrange ¤Î rolodex ¤Î°ìÉô¤Ç¤¹¡£
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
index d6bc9e76d1..94b4c921d3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # ruler widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -29,16 +28,14 @@ $ruler_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new($ruler_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÌÏ·¿¤Ç¤¹¡£¥ë¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î±¦¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤Î°æ¸Í¤Ç¡¢¤³¤³¤«¤é°ú¤ÃÄ¥¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤ò¾åÊý¤Þ¤¿¤Ï²¼Êý¤Ë¤«¤¹¤ì¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤òÎ¥¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¤½¤Î¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ï¾Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ $ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $ruler_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
+$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ruler_demo, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
 $ruler_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # ÃÍÀßÄê
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
index aa24b3a2ad..ce195a0e53 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # listbox widget demo 'sayings' (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $sayings_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($sayings_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 sayings_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new($sayings_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   sv = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   sh = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
   sayings_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
index 9838ff5d19..f5268f987f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # Text Search widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -75,10 +74,8 @@ $search_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($search_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame À¸À®
-$search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ $search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 $search_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_fileName = TkVariable.new
@@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'pady'=>5, 'padx'=>10)
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
+TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'¸¡º÷ʸ»úÎó:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_searchString = TkVariable.new
@@ -132,9 +129,9 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   }
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-$search_text = TkText.new(base_frame, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
+$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
   $search_Tag = TkTextTag.new(t)
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
+  TkScrollbar.new($search_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
     t.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| sc.set first,last})
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }
@@ -171,14 +168,9 @@ $search_text.insert('1.0', "\
 ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëʸ»úÎó¤òÆþÎϤ·¡¢<¥ê¥¿¡¼¥ó> ¤ò²¡¤¹¤«¡Öȿž¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¤¯ \
 ¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤¹¤ë¤È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÃæ¤Î¡¢¸¡º÷ʸ»úÎó¤È°ìÃפ¹¤ëÉôʬ¤ËÁ´¤Æ \"search_Tag\" \
 ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¿¥°¤¬¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¡¢¥¿¥°¤Îɽ¼¨Â°À­¤È¤·¤Æ¤½¤Îʸ»úÎó¤¬ÅÀÌǤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë \
-ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£\n")
-$search_text.insert('end', "\
-¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤Î¥«¥ì¥ó¥È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ï \"#{Dir.pwd}\" ¤Ç¤¹¡£\
-")
+ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£")
 $search_text.set_insert '0.0'
 
 $search_fileName.value = ''
 $search_searchString.value = ''
 
-$search_text.width = 60
-$search_text.height = 20
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
index 8d4e33cda0..c7b8096723 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # spin.rb --
 #
 # This demonstration script creates several spinbox widgets.
@@ -17,12 +15,10 @@ $spin_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($spin_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($spin_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
-²¼¤Ë¤Ï£³¼ïÎà¤Î¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+²¼¤Ë¤Ï£³¼ïÎà¤Î¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£\
 ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÇÁªÂò¤·¤Æʸ»ú¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
 ÊÔ½¸Áàºî¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Emacs ·Á¼°¤Î¿¤¯¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ¡¢°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê
 Motif ·Á¼°¤Î¥­¡¼Áàºî¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
@@ -42,7 +38,7 @@ Backspace ¤È Control-h ¤È¤ÏÆþÎÏ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Îº¸Â¦¤Îʸ»ú¤ò
 ¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ»î¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($spin_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -61,11 +57,11 @@ australianCities = [
 ]
 
 [
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
                 :validatecommand=>[
                   proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
                 ]), 
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
                 :format=>'%05.2f', :width=>10), 
-  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
+  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
 ].each{|sbox| sbox.pack(:side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
index 5e242b7c38..dfae821261 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # listbox widget demo 'states' (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $states_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($states_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 states_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
+TkFrame.new($states_demo, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   states_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
index 66b6de0251..59e406bc80 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # text (display styles) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -9,7 +8,6 @@ if defined?($style_demo) && $style_demo
   $style_demo = nil
 end
 
-
 # demo ÍѤΠtoplevel widget ¤òÀ¸À®
 $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   title("Text Demonstration - Display Styles")
@@ -17,10 +15,8 @@ $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($style_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -37,16 +33,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-
 # text À¸À®
-txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
   # À¸À®
   setgrid 'true'
-  #width  70
-  #height 32
+  width  70
+  height 32
   wrap 'word'
-  font $font
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($style_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -54,20 +48,11 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
   # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¿¥°ÀßÄê (¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È´ØÏ¢)
-  family = 'Courier'
-
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
+  style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-O-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
     style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-240-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    # style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*', 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
+#    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*', 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
     style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'-Adobe-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*')
-  else
-    style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 12, :bold, :italic])
-    style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 14, :bold])
-    style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Helvetica', 24, :bold])
-    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'Times 8 bold')
-  end
 ###
 #  case($tk_version)
 #  when /^4.*/
@@ -121,13 +106,8 @@ txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   style_tag_overstrike = TkTextTag.new(t, 'overstrike'=>'on')
   style_tag_right  = TkTextTag.new(t, 'justify'=>'right')
   style_tag_center = TkTextTag.new(t, 'justify'=>'center')
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-    style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-  else
-    style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>[family, 10])
-    style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>[family, 10])
-  end
+  style_tag_super = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'4p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
+  style_tag_sub = TkTextTag.new(t, 'offset'=>'-2p', 'font'=>'-Adobe-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*')
   style_tag_margins = TkTextTag.new(t, 'lmargin1'=>'12m', 'lmargin2'=>'6m',
                                     'rmargin'=>'10m')
   style_tag_spacing = TkTextTag.new(t, 'spacing1'=>'10p', 'spacing2'=>'2p',
@@ -266,5 +246,3 @@ spacing3')
 
 }
 
-txt.width 70
-txt.height 32
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
index 17f7e1347e..c7f7ec7289 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tcolor
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # tcolor --
 # ¤³¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ÏRGB,HSB,CYM·Á¼°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
index 0ae480eb00..0057d5dbdc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # text (basic facilities) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,8 +15,6 @@ $text_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($text_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # version check
 if ((Tk::TK_VERSION.split('.').collect{|n| n.to_i} <=> [8,4]) < 0)
   undo_support = false
@@ -26,7 +23,7 @@ else
 end
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,13 +41,13 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text À¸À®
-TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
+TkText.new($text_demo){|t|
   # À¸À®
   relief 'sunken'
   bd 2
   setgrid 1
   height 30
-  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new($text_demo) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 4967a99c92..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# text widget peering demo (called by 'widget')
-#
-# based on Tcl/Tk8.5.0 widget demos
-
-if defined?($textpeer_demo) && $textpeer_demo
-  $textpeer_demo.destroy 
-  $textpeer_demo = nil
-end
-
-# demo toplevel widget
-$textpeer_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Text Wdget Peering Demonstration")
-  iconname("textpeer")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-count = [0]
-
-## Define a widget that we peer from; it won't ever actually be shown though
-first = TkText.new(base_frame, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
-first.insert :end,"¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤ÎÁȤòÀ®¤·¤¿¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£"
-first.insert :end,"¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÏÂÐÅù(¥Ô¥¢;peer)¤Î´Ø·¸¤Ë"
-first.insert :end,"¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£"
-first.insert :end,"¤½¤ì¤é¤Ï¡¢´ðÈפȤʤë¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¶¦Ä̤Τâ¤Î¤ò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢"
-first.insert :end,"²èÌÌɽ¼¨°ÌÃÖ¡¢ÊÔ½¸°ÌÃÖ¡¢ÁªÂòÈÏ°Ï(selection)¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï"
-first.insert :end,"ÆÈΩ¤Ë»ý¤Ä¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£"
-first.insert :end,"³Æ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÎÏƤˤ¢¤ë"
-first.insert :end,"¡Ö¥Ô¥¢(peer)¤ÎºîÀ®¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢"
-first.insert :end,"¿·¤¿¤Ê¥Ô¥¢¤òÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£"
-first.insert :end,"¤Þ¤¿¡Ö¥Ô¥¢(peer)¤Î¾Ãµî¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢"
-first.insert :end,"ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ô¥¢¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¾Ãµî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£"
-
-Tk.update_idletasks  ## for 'first' widget
-
-## Procedures to make and kill clones; most of this is just so that the demo
-## looks nice...
-def makeClone(count, win, txt)
-  cnt = (count[0] += 1)
-  peer = TkText::Peer.new(txt, win, :widgetname=>"text#{cnt}")
-  sbar = TkScrollbar.new(win, :widgetname=>"sb#{cnt}")
-  peer.yscrollbar sbar
-  b1 = TkButton.new(win, :widgetname=>"clone#{cnt}", 
-                    :text=>'¥Ô¥¢(peer)¤ÎºîÀ®', 
-                    :command=>proc{makeClone(count, win, peer)})
-  b2 = TkButton.new(win, :widgetname=>"kill#{cnt}", 
-                    :text=>'¥Ô¥¢(peer)¤Î¾Ãµî', 
-                    :command=>proc{killClone(win, cnt)})
-  row = cnt * 2
-  TkGrid.configure(peer, sbar, b1, :sticky=>'nsew', :row=>row)
-  TkGrid.configure('^',  '^',  b2, :sticky=>'nsew', :row=>(row+=1))
-  TkGrid.configure(b1,  b2, :sticky=>'new')
-  TkGrid.rowconfigure(win,  b2, :weight=>1)
-end
-
-def killClone(win, cnt)
-  Tk.destroy("#{win.path}.text#{cnt}",  "#{win.path}.sb#{cnt}", 
-             "#{win.path}.clone#{cnt}", "#{win.path}.kill#{cnt}")
-end
-
-## Now set up the GUI
-makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
-makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
-first.destroy
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
-                 $textpeer_demo.destroy
-                 $textpeer_demo = nil
-               }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
-
-  TkButton.new(f, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
-                 showCode 'textpeer'
-               }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
-
-  TkGrid.configure(f, '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew', :row=>5000)
-}
-TkGrid.columnconfigure(base_frame, 0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 9cb3834c34..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# toolbar.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toolbar that can be torn off.
-#
-# based on "Id: toolbar.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($toolbar_demo) && $toolbar_demo
-  $toolbar_demo.destroy 
-  $toolbar_demo = nil
-end
-
-$toolbar_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
-  iconname("toolbar")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($toolbar_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', :text=><<EOL)
-¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆŬÀڤ˥ơ¼¥ÞÂбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¡¤\
-¤Þ¤¿¡¤¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹\
-¡Ê¤¿¤À¤·¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ÎÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤Ë¤ÏTcl/Tk8.5°Ê¾å¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡Ë¡¥\
-¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤'Toolbutton'¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÌÀ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
-"toolbar style"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë°À­ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Îº¸Ã¼¤Ë¤Ï´Êñ¤Ê¥Þ¡¼¥«¡¼¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¥Þ¡¼¥«¡¼¾å¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬Íè¤ë¤È°ÜÆ°¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤Ë¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬ÊѲ½¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤½¤³¤Ç¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤\
-¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼Á´ÂΤòÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤ÆÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ë\
-¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-ÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤¿¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤¬ÉÔÍפȤʤä¿»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤\
-°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÈƱÍͤËñ½ã¤ËÊĤ¸¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤
-ºÆ¤Ó¸µ¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ËÄ¥¤êÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡¥
-EOL
-else
-  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', :text=><<EOL)
-¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆŬÀڤ˥ơ¼¥ÞÂбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¤ò\
-¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤'Toolbutton'¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÌÀ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
-"toolbar style"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë°À­ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-end
-
-## Set up the toolbar hull
-tbar_base = Tk::Frame.new(base_frame,  # Tk ɸ½à¤Î frame ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥
-                          :widgetname=>'toolbar') # ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¥¿¥¤¥È¥ëʸ»úÎó¤È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È̾¤òÌÀ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-sep = Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame)
-to_base = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base, :cursor=>'fleur')
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  to  = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
-  to2 = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
-  to.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :padx=>2, :side=>:left)
-  to2.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :side=>:left)
-end
-
-contents = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base)
-Tk.grid(to_base, contents, :sticky=>'nsew')
-tbar_base.grid_columnconfigure(contents, :weight=>1)
-contents.grid_columnconfigure(1000, :weight=>1)
-
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  ## Bindings so that the toolbar can be torn off and reattached
-  to_base.bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  to.     bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  to2.    bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
-  def tbar_base.tearoff(w, x, y)
-    on_win = TkWinfo.containing(x, y)
-    return unless (on_win && on_win.path =~ /^#{@path}(\.|$)/)
-    self.grid_remove
-    w.grid_remove
-    self.wm_manage
-    # self.wm_title('Toolbar') # ¤â¤·¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È̾¤ò¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¤¤³¤³¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤
-    self.wm_protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ self.untearoff(self) }
-  end
-  def tbar_base.untearoff(w)
-    self.wm_forget
-    w.grid
-    self.grid
-  end
-end
-
-## Some content for the rest of the toplevel
-text = TkText.new(base_frame, :width=>40, :height=>10)
-
-## Toolbar contents
-tb_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           text.insert(:end, "¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬²¡¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¥\n")
-                         })
-tb_chk = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó', 
-                              :style=>'Toolbutton', 
-                              :variable=>(check = TkVariable.new), 
-                              :command=>proc{
-                                text.insert(:end, "¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ÎÃͤÏ#{check.value}¤Ç¤¹¡¥\n")
-                              })
-tb_mbtn = Ttk::Menubutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼')
-tb_combo = Ttk::Combobox.new(tbar_base, :value=>TkFont.families, 
-                             :state=>:readonly)
-tb_mbtn.menu(menu = Tk::Menu.new(tb_mbtn))
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'Just', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Just\n")})
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'An', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "An\n")})
-menu.add(:command, :label=>'Example', 
-         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Example\n")})
-tb_combo.bind('<ComboboxSelected>'){ text.font.family = tb_combo.get }
-
-## Arrange contents
-Tk.grid(tb_btn, tb_chk, tb_mbtn, tb_combo, 
-        :in=>contents, :padx=>2, :sticky=>'ns')
-Tk.grid(tbar_base, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(sep, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(msg, :sticky=>'ew')
-Tk.grid(text, :sticky=>'nsew')
-base_frame.grid_rowconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
-base_frame.grid_columnconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'toolbar'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $toolbar_demo.destroy
-                           $toolbar_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  Tk.grid(frame, :sticky=>'ew')
-}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c3b4191144..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# tree.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# tree widget.
-#
-# based on "Id: tree.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($tree_demo) && $tree_demo
-  $tree_demo.destroy 
-  $tree_demo = nil
-end
-
-$tree_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Directory Browser")
-  iconname("tree")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($tree_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Explanatory text
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
-               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
-Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï¡¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê³¬ÁØŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿½¸¹ç¤ò\
-»²¾È¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¤ÌÚ¹½Â¤¼«ÂΤÎɽ¼¨¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
-ÄɲþðÊó(¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º)¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë\
-Ǥ°Õ¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤ÎÄɲå«¥é¥à¤â°·¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤Þ¤¿¡¤¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë´Ö¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êÉôʬ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
-¥«¥é¥à¤ÎÉý¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'tree'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $tree_demo.destroy
-                           $tree_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-## Code to populate the roots of the tree (can be more than one on Windows)
-def populate_roots(tree)
-  TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('file', 'volumes')).sort.each{|dir|
-    populate_tree(tree, tree.insert(nil, :end, :text=>dir, 
-                                    :values=>[dir, 'directory']))
-  }
-end
-
-## Code to populate a node of the tree
-def populate_tree(tree, node)
-  return if tree.get(node, :type) != 'directory'
-
-  path = tree.get(node, :fullpath)
-  tree.delete(tree.children(node))
-  Dir.glob("#{path}/*").sort.each{|f|
-    type = File.ftype(f)
-    id = tree.insert(node, :end, 
-                     :text=>File.basename(f), :values=>[f, type]).id
-    if type == 'directory'
-      ## Make it so that this node is openable
-      tree.insert(id, 0, :text=>'dummy')
-      tree.itemconfigure(id, :text=>File.basename(f))
-    elsif type == 'file'
-      size = File.size(f)
-      if size >= 1024*1024*1024
-        size = '%.1f GB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024/1024)
-      elsif size >= 1024*1024
-        size = '%.1f MB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024)
-      elsif size >= 1024
-        size = '%.1f KB' % (size.to_f/1024)
-      else
-        size = '%.1f bytes' % (size.to_f/1024)
-      end
-      tree.set(id, :size, size)
-    end
-  }
-
-  # Stop this code from rerunning on the current node
-  tree.set(node, :type, 'processed_directory')
-end
-
-## Create the tree and set it up
-tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(fullpath type size), 
-                         :displaycolumns=>['size'])
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-else
-  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
-end
-
-tree.heading_configure('#0', :text=>'Directory Structure')
-tree.heading_configure('size', :text=>'File Size')
-tree.column_configure('size', :stretch=>0, :width=>70)
-populate_roots(tree)
-tree.bind('<TreeviewOpen>', '%W'){|w| populate_tree(w, w.focus_item)}
-
-## Arrange the tree and its scrollbars in the toplevel
-container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-container.lower
-Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
-container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d577120bb..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# ttkbut.rb
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several
-# simple Ttk widgets, such as labels, labelframes, buttons, checkbuttons and
-# radiobuttons.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkbut.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkbut_demo) && $ttkbut_demo
-  $ttkbut_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkbut_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkbut_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Simple Ttk Widgets")
-  iconname("ttkbut")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkbut_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-º£¡¤¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Ìܤˤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ÏTtk¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ²½¥é¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¡¤\
-²¼¤Ë¤ÏTtk¤Î¥é¥Ù¥ë¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤ÎÃæ¤Ë»°¤Ä¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎTtk¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬\
-ɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-ºÇ½é¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÏÁ´¤Æ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤\
-¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ì¤Ð¸½ºß¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-£²ÈÖÌܤΥ°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï»°¤Ä¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-³Æ½¸¹ç¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤Ê¤ª¡ÖÍ­¸ú²½¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥ÈÆâ¤Î\
-¾¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ²½¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¾õÂÖ(state)¤¬"disabled"¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò\
-¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
-£³ÈÖÌܤΥ°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï´ØÏ¢ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó½¸¹ç¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-## Add buttons for setting the theme
-buttons = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
-# Ttk::Style.theme_names.each{|theme|
-#   Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
-#                   :command=>proc{Ttk::Style.theme_use theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
-# }
-Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
-  Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
-                  :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
-}
-
-## Helper procedure for the top checkbutton
-def setState(root, value, *excepts)
-  return if excepts.member?(root)
-
-  ## Non-Ttk widgets (e.g. the toplevel) will fail, so make it silent
-  begin
-    root.state = value
-  rescue
-  end
-
-  ## Recursively invoke on all children of this root that are in the same
-  ## toplevel widget
-  root.winfo_children.each{|w|
-    setState(w, value, *excepts) if w.winfo_toplevel == root.winfo_toplevel
-  }
-end
-
-## Set up the checkbutton group
-checks = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
-enabled = TkVariable.new(true)
-e = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Í­¸ú²½', :variable=>enabled, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           setState($ttkbut_demo, 
-                                    ((enabled.bool)? "!disabled" : "disabled"),
-                                    e)
-                         })
-
-## See ttk_widget(n) for other possible state flags
-sep1 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
-sep2 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
-
-cheese  = TkVariable.new
-tomato  = TkVariable.new
-basil   = TkVariable.new
-oregano = TkVariable.new
-
-c1 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥Á¡¼¥º',   :variable=>cheese)
-c2 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥È¥Þ¥È',   :variable=>tomato)
-c3 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥Ð¥¸¥ë',   :variable=>basil)
-c4 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥ª¥ì¥¬¥Î', :variable=>oregano)
-
-Tk.pack(e, sep1, c1, c2, sep2, c3, c4, :fill=>:x, :pady=>2)
-
-## Set up the radiobutton group
-radios = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
-
-happyness = TkVariable.new
-
-r1 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Great', :value=>'great')
-r2 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Good', :value=>'good')
-r3 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Ok', :value=>'ok')
-r4 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Poor', :value=>'poor')
-r5 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
-                          :text=>'Awful', :value=>'awful')
-
-Tk.pack(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, :fill=>:x, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           showVars(base_frame, ['Í­¸ú²½', enabled], 
-                                    ['¥Á¡¼¥º', cheese], ['¥È¥Þ¥È', tomato], 
-                                    ['¥Ð¥¸¥ë', basil], ['¥ª¥ì¥¬¥Î', oregano], 
-                                    ['¹¬Ê¡ÅÙ', happyness])
-                         }), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkbut'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           tmppath = $ttkbut_demo
-                           $ttkbut_demo = nil
-                           $showVarsWin[tmppath.path] = nil
-                           tmppath.destroy
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
-}
-
-## Arrange things neatly
-f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-f.lower
-Tk.grid(buttons, checks, radios, :in=>f, :sticky=>'nwe', :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
-f.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1, 2], :weight=>1, :uniform=>:yes)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d349b42d11..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# ttkmenu.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several Ttk
-# menubutton widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkmenu.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkmenu_demo) && $ttkmenu_demo
-  $ttkmenu_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkmenu_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkmenu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
-  iconname("ttkmenu")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ë\
-¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤½¤ì¤é¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤¸½ºß»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ÎÁªÂò¤¬¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¼«¿È¤Î¸«³Ý¤±¤òÊѲ½¤µ¤»¤ëÍͻҤ䡤\
-Ãæ±û¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤À¤±¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë\
-(¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Êɽ¼¨¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î)¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÍͻҤË\
-ÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥\
-¤Ê¤ª¡¤¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤\
-¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥\
-¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ï¡¤É¸½à¤ÎTk¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬\
-¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ç½½Ê¬¤ËÎɹ¥¤Ê¸«³Ý¤±¤ÈÁàºîÀ­¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¤\
-Æäˡ¤Â¿¤¯¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ç¤½¤Î´Ä¶­ËÜÍè¤ÎÁàºîÂηϤȤʤë¤è¤¦¤Ë¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È\
-ȽÃǤµ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkmenu'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkmenu_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkmenu_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-b1 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:above)
-b2 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:left)
-b3 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:right)
-b4 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:flush,
-                         :style=>Ttk::Menubutton.style('Toolbutton'))
-b5 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:below)
-
-b1.menu(m1 = Tk::Menu.new(b1, :tearoff=>false))
-b2.menu(m2 = Tk::Menu.new(b2, :tearoff=>false))
-b3.menu(m3 = Tk::Menu.new(b3, :tearoff=>false))
-b4.menu(m4 = Tk::Menu.new(b4, :tearoff=>false))
-b5.menu(m5 = Tk::Menu.new(b5, :tearoff=>false))
-
-Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
-  m1.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m2.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m3.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m4.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-  m5.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
-}
-
-f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:x)
-f1 = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-f.lower
-
-f.grid_anchor(:center)
-TkGrid('x', b1, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-TkGrid(b2,  b4, b3,  :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
-TkGrid('x', b5, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 09cc7960a3..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# ttknote.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
-# notebook widget.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttknote.tcl,v 1.5 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttknote_demo) && $ttknote_demo
-  $ttknote_demo.destroy 
-  $ttknote_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttknote_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Ttk Notebook Widget")
-  iconname("ttknote")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttknote'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttknote_demo.destroy
-                           $ttknote_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-## Make the notebook and set up Ctrl+Tab traversal
-notebook = Ttk::Notebook.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, 
-                                              :padx=>2, :pady=>3)
-notebook.enable_traversal
-
-## Popuplate the first pane
-f_msg = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-msg_m = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', 
-                       :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :text=><<EOL)
-Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ë¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¤\
-¸ÄÊ̤ÎÆâÍƤò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤«¤é¤ÎÁªÂò¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê\
-¥¿¥Ö¤Î½¸¹ç¡Ê¥¿¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¡Ë¤òÄê¤á¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¥¿¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤ÏºÇ¶á¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¸«¤é¤ì¤ëµ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¥¿¥Ö¤ÎÁªÂò¤Ï¡¤¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
-¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î¸«½Ð¤·¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð\
-Ctrl+Tab¥­¡¼¤ÎÆþÎϤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¸«½Ð¤·¤Ç²¼ÀþÉÕ¤­¤Îʸ»ú¤Î¥­¡¼¤ÈAlt¥­¡¼¤È¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç\
-¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤âÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤¿¤À¤·¡¤£²ÈÖÌܤΥ¿¥Ö¤Ï̵¸ú²½¤µ¤ì¤ÆÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï\
-Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
-EOL
-neat = TkVariable.new
-after_id = nil
-msg_b = Ttk::Button.new(f_msg, :text=>'¤¹¤Æ¤­¤À¡ª(Neat!)', :underline=>6, 
-                        :command=>proc{
-                          neat.value = '¤¢¤¡¡¤¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤µ¡¥¡¥¡¥'
-                          Tk.after_cancel(after_id) if after_id
-                          after_id = Tk.after(500){neat.value = ''}
-                        })
-msg_b.winfo_toplevel.bind('Alt-n'){ msg_b.focus; msg_b.invoke }
-msg_l = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :textvariable=>neat)
-notebook.add(f_msg, :text=>'ÀâÌÀ(Description)', :underline=>3, :padding=>2)
-Tk.grid(msg_m, '-', :sticky=>'new', :pady=>2)
-Tk.grid(msg_b, msg_l, :pady=>[2, 4], :padx=>20)
-msg_b.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
-msg_l.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
-f_msg.grid_rowconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
-f_msg.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1], :weight=>1, :uniform=>1)
-
-## Populate the second pane. Note that the content doesn't really matter
-f_disabled = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-notebook.add(f_disabled, :text=>'̵¸ú²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¿¥Ö', :state=>:disabled)
-
-## Popuplate the third pane
-f_editor = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
-notebook.add(f_editor, :text=>'¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿(Text Editor)', :underline=>9)
-editor_t = Tk::Text.new(f_editor, :width=>40, :height=>10, :wrap=>:char)
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
-else
-  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
-end
-editor_s.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0,2], :pady=>2)
-editor_t.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>[2,0], :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 96670c0e5c..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# ttkpane.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates a Ttk pane with some content.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkpane.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkpane_demo) && $ttkpane_demo
-  $ttkpane_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkpane_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkpane_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Themed Nested Panes")
-  iconname("ttkpane")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkpane_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ï¡¤Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß´Ø·¸¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥ÞÉÕ¤­¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ï¡¤´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ú¥¤¥ó¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¨¥ê¥¢¤ò¤Ä¤«¤ó¤Ç\
-¶­³¦¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-
-## See Code / Dismiss
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkpane'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkpane_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkpane_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-outer = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal)
-outer.add(in_left = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
-outer.add(in_right = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
-in_left.add(left_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó'))
-in_left.add(left_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'»þ·×'))
-in_right.add(right_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹'))
-in_right.add(right_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È'))
-if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
-  [left_top, left_bot, right_top, right_bot].each{|w| w.padding(3) }
-end
-
-# Fill the button pane
-Ttk::Button.new(left_top, :text=>'²¡¤·¤Æ¤Í', 
-                :command=>proc{
-                  Tk.messageBox(:type=>'ok', :icon=>'info', 
-                                :message=>'¤¤¤Æ¤Æ¡ª', 
-                                :detail=>'That hurt...', :parent=>base_frame, 
-                                :title=>'Button Pressed')
-                }).pack(:padx=>2, :pady=>5)
-
-
-zones_list = [
-  [':Europe/Berlin'], 
-  [':America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', ':America/Buenos_Aires'], 
-  [':Africa/Johannesburg'], 
-  [':Europe/London'], 
-  [':America/Los_Angeles'], 
-  [':Europe/Moscow'],
-  [':America/New_York'], 
-  [':Asia/Singapore'], 
-  [':Australia/Sydney'], 
-  [':Asia/Tokyo'], 
-]
-
-zones = []
-
-# Check tzinfo support
-if $tk_major_ver > 8 || ($tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver >= 5)
-  tzinfo = :tcl
-
-  zones_list.each{|list|
-    list.each{|zone|
-      begin
-        # Force a pre-load of all the timezones needed; otherwise can end up
-        # poor-looking synch problems!
-        Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', '0', '-timezone', zone)
-      rescue RuntimeError
-        # ignore
-      else
-        zones << [zone, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-        break
-      end
-    }
-  }
-
-else
-  begin
-    require 'tzinfo'
-    tzinfo = :tzinfo
-  rescue Exception
-    begin
-      require 'tzfile'
-      tzinfo = :tzfile
-    rescue Exception
-      tzinfo = nil
-    end
-  end
-
-  case tzinfo
-  when :tzinfo
-    zones_list.each{|list|
-      list.each{|zone|
-        begin
-          tz = TZInfo::Timezone.get(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
-        rescue Exception
-          # ignore
-        else
-          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-          break
-        end
-      }
-    }
-
-  when :tzfile
-    zones_list.each{|list|
-      list.each{|zone|
-        begin
-          tz = TZFile.create(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
-        rescue Exception
-          # ignore
-        else
-          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
-          break
-        end
-      }
-    }
-
-  else
-    [ -7, -4, -2, -1, 0, +1, +3, +8, +9, +10 ].each{|zone|
-      zones << [zone, 'UTC%+03d00' % zone]
-    }
-  end
-end
-
-time = TkVariable.new_hash
-
-case tzinfo
-when :tcl
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', now.tv_sec, 
-                             '-timezone', tz, '-format', '%T')
-  }
-when :tzinfo
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = tz.utc_to_local(now).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-when :tzfile
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = tz.at(now.tv_sec).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-else
-  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
-    time[label] = (now + (tz * 3600)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
-  }
-end
-
-# Fill the clocks pane
-zones.each_with_index{|(zone, label), idx|
-  Ttk::Separator.new(left_bot).pack(:fill=>:x) if idx > 0
-  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :text=>label, :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
-  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :textvariable=>time.ref(label), 
-                 :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
-}
-
-# Timer start
-every = proc{
-  now = Time.now.utc
-  zones.each{|zone, label| update_proc.call(now, zone, label) }
-}
-TkRTTimer.new(1000, -1, every).start(0, every)
-
-# Fill the progress pane
-Ttk::Progressbar.new(right_top, :mode=>:indeterminate).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true).start
-
-# Fill the text pane
-if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
-  # The trick with the ttk::frame makes the text widget look like it fits with
-  # the current Ttk theme despite not being a themed widget itself. It is done
-  # by styling the frame like an entry, turning off the border in the text
-  # widget, and putting the text widget in the frame with enough space to allow
-  # the surrounding border to show through (2 pixels seems to be enough).
-  f = Ttk::Frame.new(right_bot, :style=>Ttk::Entry)
-  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
-  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>f, :pady=>2, :padx=>2)
-  scr = txt.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(frame))
-  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
-  f.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-else
-  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
-  scr = txt.yscrollbar(TkScrollbar.new(frame))
-  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
-  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>right_bot)
-  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>10, :pady=>[6, 10])
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 43a9cbcd7e..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
-# ttkprogress.rb --
-#
-# This demonstration script creates several progress bar widgets.
-#
-# based on "Id: ttkprogress.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
-
-if defined?($ttkprogress_demo) && $ttkprogress_demo
-  $ttkprogress_demo.destroy 
-  $ttkprogress_demo = nil
-end
-
-$ttkprogress_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
-  title("Progress Bar Demonstration")
-  iconname("ttkprogress")
-  positionWindow(w)
-}
-
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkprogress_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
-               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
-²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
-¾å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï"determinate"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¡¤\
-Î㤨¤Ð¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥¿¥¹¥¯¤ò½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤É¤Î¤¯¤é¤¤¤«¤«¤ë¤«¤ò\
-¼¨¤¹¤È¤­¤Ê¤É¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï"indeterminate"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¡¤\
-Î㤨¤Ð¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¼Â¹ÔÃæ(busy)¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î\
-½ªÎ»¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤¤«¤«¤ë¤«¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¾õÂÖ¤ò\
-¼¨¤¹¤È¤­¤Ê¤É¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
-¤¤¤º¤ì¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤â¡¤¤¹¤°²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç\
-¼«Æ°¥¢¥Ë¥á¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥â¡¼¥É¤ÎON/OFF¤òÀÚÂؤ¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
-EOL
-
-## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
-  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
-  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
-  TkGrid('x', 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
-                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkprogress'}), 
-         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
-                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
-                         :command=>proc{
-                           $ttkprogress_demo.destroy
-                           $ttkprogress_demo = nil
-                         }), 
-         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
-  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
-  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
-}
-
-frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-p1 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:determinate)
-p2 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:indeterminate)
-
-start = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Start Progress', 
-                        :command=>proc{ p1.start; p2.start })
-stop  = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Stop Progress', 
-                        :command=>proc{ p1.stop; p2.stop })
-
-Tk.grid(p1, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-Tk.grid(p2, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
-Tk.grid(start, stop, :padx=>10, :pady=>5)
-start.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
-stop.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
-frame.grid_columnconfigure(:all, :weight=>1)
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
index faefaefd6e..2b228e4acd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # text (embedded windows) widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $twind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame À¸À®
-$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@ $twind_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
 $twind_text = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new($twind_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>'true', 'font'=>$font, 
                           'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
@@ -209,11 +206,7 @@ def textWindPlot (t)
     cursor 'top_left_arrow'
   }
 
-  if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-    font = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-  else
-    font = 'Helvetica 18'
-  end
+  font = '-Adobe-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
   TkcLine.new($twind_plot, 100, 250, 400, 250, 'width'=>2)
   TkcLine.new($twind_plot, 100, 250, 100,  50, 'width'=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
index 2a26b28ef6..b634f07b4b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 #
 # text (embedded windows) widget demo 2 (called by 'widget')
 #
@@ -16,10 +15,8 @@ $twind2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
 # frame À¸À®
-$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ $twind2_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
 $twind2_text = nil
-TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new($twind2_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind2_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>true, 'font'=>$font,
                             # 'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
index 178077ec08..090cdf3059 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
-#
 # unicodeout.rb --
 #
 # This demonstration script shows how you can produce output (in label
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ $unicodeout_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5.4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤Tk¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÈó²¤ÊÆʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¸À¸ì¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î\
@@ -42,7 +38,7 @@ Tcl¤Î¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×ɽ¸½¤òÍѤ¤¤¿UNICODEʸ»úÎó¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
 EOL
 #'
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
+TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -55,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-wait_msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
+wait_msg = TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
                        :text=>"¥Õ¥©¥ó¥ÈÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤Î´°Î»¤Þ¤Ç" + 
                               "¤·¤Ð¤é¤¯¤ªÂÔ¤Á²¼¤µ¤¤¡¥¡¥¡¥", 
                        :font=>"Helvetica 12 italic").pack
@@ -70,8 +66,8 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
   # @@font = 'Newspaper 12'
   # @@font = '{New century schoolbook} 12'
 
-  def initialize(base)
-    super(base)
+  def initialize()
+    super($unicodeout_demo)
     grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
   end
 
@@ -86,7 +82,7 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
     l.grid_config(:padx, '1m')
   end
 end
-f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new(base_frame)
+f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new
 f.pack(:expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'1m')
 
 # Processing when some characters are missing might take a while, so make
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
index a1097fd77f..86f6f7cdee 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 require "tkcanvas"
 
 if defined?($vscale_demo) && $vscale_demo
@@ -12,9 +11,7 @@ $vscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($vscale_demo)
 
-base_frame = TkFrame.new($vscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
+msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +22,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -42,17 +39,7 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-def setHeight(w, height)
-  height = height + 21
-  y2 = height - 30
-  if y2 < 21
-    y2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-end
-
-TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   borderwidth 10
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
@@ -78,3 +65,14 @@ TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'anchor'=>'ne')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack
+
+
+def setHeight(w, height)
+  height = height + 21
+  y2 = height - 30
+  if y2 < 21
+    y2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
index 8eb699e513..11495dda54 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 
 # ´Á»ú¥³¡¼¥ÉÀßÄê ( tk.rb ¤Î¥í¡¼¥É»þ¤Î encoding ¿äÄê/ÀßÄê¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë )
-if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0' ### !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-  $KCODE = 'euc'
-else
-  DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING = 'EUC-JP'
-end
+$KCODE = 'euc'
 
 # tk ´Ø·¸¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ÎÆɤ߹þ¤ß
 require 'tk'
 # require 'tkafter'
 
-$RubyTk_WidgetDemo = true
-
 # widget demo directory °ÌÃ֤γÍÆÀ
-# $demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
-$demo_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
+$demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
 
 # root ¤ÎÀ¸À®
 $root = TkRoot.new{title "Ruby/Tk Widget Demonstration"}
@@ -51,14 +43,15 @@ when /^8.*/
   $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12')
   $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12', 'Mincho -12')
   TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
-  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 14 bold', 'Gothic 14 bold')
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 16', 'Gothic 16 bold')
 
 else
-  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica 14', nil)
+  $font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*', nil)
   knjfont = '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetic 14', knjfont)
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
+                           knjfont)
   TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
-  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 14',
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-*-*-*-*',
                              '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
 end
 #######
@@ -123,22 +116,14 @@ EOD
 end
 
 # ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼ÀßÄê
-if $tk_major_ver >= 8
-  $root.add_menubar([[['File', 0], 
-                        ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                        '---', 
-                        ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
-                      ]])
-else
-  TkMenubar.new($root, 
-                [[['File', 0], 
-                    ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                    '---', 
-                    ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
-                  ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-end
+TkMenubar.new($root, 
+              [[['File', 0], 
+                  ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                  '---', 
+                  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
+                ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
-$root.bind('Control-q', proc{exit})
+$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -195,27 +180,18 @@ else
   textFrame.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
   statusBar = TkFrame.new($root) {|f|
-    if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-      statusfont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-    else
-      statusfont = 'Helvetica 10'
-    end
     $statusBarLabel = \
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"   ", 'relief'=>'sunken', 'bd'=>1, 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>statusfont) \
+                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*') \
     .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
     TkLabel.new(f, 'width'=>8, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'bd'=>1, 'anchor'=>'w', 
-                'font'=>statusfont) \
+                'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*') \
     .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2)
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>2)
 end
 
 # ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¿¥°ÀßÄê
-if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-  tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
-else
-  tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'Helvetica 18 bold')
-end
+tag_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>'-*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*')
 #tag_kanji_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$msg_kanji_font)
 #tag_middle = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'kanjifont'=>$kanji_font)
 tag_kanji_title = TkTextTag.new(txt, 'font'=>$msg_kanji_font)
@@ -286,31 +262,14 @@ txt.insert('end', <<"EOT")
 ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢"¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬\
 ˾¤à¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£½¤Àµ¤·¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¥Ç¥â\
 ¥ó¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òºÆ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥³¡¼¥É¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë\
-¤¢¤ë"¥Ç¥âºÆ¼Â¹Ô" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£\
-¥³¡¼¥É¤ò½¤Àµ¤·¤Æ¤â¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬½ñ¤­´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï\
-¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«¤é¡¢¿´ÇÛ¤»¤º¤Ë¿§¡¹¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
-
-°ìÉô¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Èæ³ÓŪºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î Tk ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ\
-¤¤¤Ê¤¤µ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹(Î㤨¤Ð Tk8.4 °Ê¾å¤Ê¤É)¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢\
-¤½¤¦¤·¤¿µ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤ Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿\
-¥Ç¥â¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È\
-¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë tcltklib ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤Æ\
-¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
-
-¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Tk ¤¬ (ºÇ½é¤«¤é´Þ¤à¤«¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤«¤Ë¤è¤ê) \
-Ttk (Tile) ³ÈÄ¥¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¾õÂ֤Ǥ¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢\
-Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Î¥Ç¥â (sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb) ¤â¤¼¤Ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
-( ¿ʬ¡¤¸½ºß¤Î¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ë¤Ï Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Ï\
-#{
-begin
-  require 'tkextlib/tile'
-  "¤¹¤Ç¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹"
-rescue
-  "¤Þ¤À¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
-end
-}\
-¡£)
-Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Ï¡¢Tk8.5 °Ê¾å¤Ç¤Ïɸ½à¤Îµ¡Ç½¤È¤·¤ÆÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
+¤¢¤ë"¥Ç¥âºÆ¼Â¹Ô" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+°ìÉô¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤Èæ³ÓŪºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î Tk ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ\
+¤¤¤Ê¤¤µ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹(Î㤨¤Ð Tk8.4 °Ê¾å¤Ê¤É)¡¥¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¤\
+¤½¤¦¤·¤¿µ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤ Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¤½¤¦¤·¤¿\
+¥Ç¥â¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¤¤½¤ì¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È\
+¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤tcltklib ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤Æ\
+¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
 
 
 EOT
@@ -359,9 +318,6 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "14. ¥é¥Ù¥ëÉÕ¤­¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "15. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î´Êñ¤ÊÎã (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo, "demo-ttkbut")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥ê¥¹¥È¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_middle)
@@ -374,12 +330,6 @@ txt.insert('end', "2. ¿§: ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÇÛ¿§¤òÊѤ¨¤ë\n",
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "3. ³Ê¸À½¸\n", tag_demo, "demo-sayings")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. ¹ñ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥«¥é¥à¥ê¥¹¥È (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo, "demo-mclist")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ö¥é¥¦¥¶ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo, "demo-tree")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤È¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_middle)
@@ -395,10 +345,7 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-spin")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ¥³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo, "demo-combo")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "6. ´Êñ¤Ê¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
+txt.insert('end', "5. ´Êñ¤Ê¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -420,8 +367,6 @@ txt.insert('end', "5. ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤òËä¤á¹þ¤ó¤À¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "6. ¸¡º÷\n", tag_demo, "demo-search")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "7. ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÎÂÐÅù²½(peering) (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", tag_demo, "demo-textpeer")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹\n", tag_middle)
@@ -444,23 +389,18 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "8. ¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤Ê¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "9. ¥Á¥§¥¹¥Ü¡¼¥É¾å¤Îµ³»Î¤Î½ä²ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo, "demo-knightstour")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-#txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_middle)
-txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "1. ¿âľ¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
+#txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_middle)
+txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. ¿åÊ¿¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
+txt.insert('end', "1. ¿âľ\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. ¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkprogress")
+txt.insert('end', "2. ¿åÊ¿\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤È¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯\n", tag_kanji_title)
+txt.insert('end', "¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¿åÊ¿Êý¸þ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo.id, "demo-paned1")
@@ -468,16 +408,10 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. ¿âľÊý¸þ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo.id, "demo-paned2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß¥Ú¥¤¥ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkpane")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. ¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttknote")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-#txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_middle)
-txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
+#txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼\n", tag_middle)
+txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-menu")
@@ -491,12 +425,6 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Tk8.x ÀìÍÑ)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkmenu")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "6. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
-           tag_demo.id, "demo-toolbar")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_middle)
@@ -504,11 +432,9 @@ txt.insert('end', "¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. ¾ÜºÙ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥ÈÉÕ¤­¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox2")
+txt.insert('end', "2. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
-txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "4. ¿§ÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
+txt.insert('end', "3. ¿§ÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -557,30 +483,25 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
   end
   top = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
-    base = TkFrame.new(w).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-    TkLabel.new(base) {
+    TkLabel.new(w) {
       text "ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:"
       width 20
       anchor 'center'
-      if $tk_version =~ /^4.*/
-        font '-Adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
-      else
-        font 'Helvetica 14'
-      end
+      font '-Adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
     len = 1
     args.each{|vnam,vbody|
       len = vnam.to_s.length if vnam.to_s.length > len
     }
     args.each{|vnam,vbody|
-      TkFrame.new(base){|f|
+      TkFrame.new(w){|f|
         #TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"#{vnam}: ").pack('side'=>'left')
         TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"#{vnam}: ",'width'=>len+2).pack('side'=>'left')
         TkLabel.new(f, 'textvariable'=>vbody, 'anchor'=>'w')\
                    .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
       }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkButton.new(base) {
+    TkButton.new(w) {
       text "λ²ò"
       command proc{w.destroy}
     }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'pady'=>2)
@@ -595,12 +516,10 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
     rescue
     end
   end
-  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|top|
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
 
-    base = TkFrame.new(top).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-
-    TkLabelFrame.new(base, :text=>"ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:", 
+    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:", 
                      :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
       args.each{|vnam,vbody|
         TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
@@ -612,15 +531,15 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
       f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
       f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
     }
-    TkButton.new(base, :text=>"λ²ò", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
-                 :command=>proc{top.destroy}){|b|
-      top.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
-      top.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"λ²ò", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+                 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
+      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
 
       b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
     }
-    base.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
-    base.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
   }
 end
 
@@ -714,27 +633,8 @@ def _null_binding
 end
 private :_null_binding
 
-def eval_samplecode(code, file=nil)
-  #eval(code)
-  #_null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) }
-  #Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
-  Thread.new{
-    _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{
-      begin
-        if file
-          eval(code, binding, "(eval:#{file})")
-        else
-          eval(code)
-        end
-      rescue Exception=>e
-        #p e
-        TkBgError.show(e.message + "\n" + 
-                         "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
-                         e.backtrace.join("\n") + 
-                         "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------")
-      end
-    }
-  }
+def eval_samplecode(code)
+  Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }.run
   Tk.update
 end
 
@@ -748,7 +648,7 @@ def invoke(txt, idx)
   Tk.update
   # eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, _null_binding)
   # Tk.update
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, tag[5..-1] + '.rb')
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
   txt.cursor(cursor)
 
   $tag_visited.add("#{idx} linestart +1 chars", "#{idx} lineend +1 chars")
@@ -794,7 +694,6 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-
     TkButton.new(f) {
       #text "λ²ò"
       text "ÊĤ¸¤ë"
@@ -802,25 +701,14 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         $code_window.destroy
         $code_window = nil
       }
-    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
+    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "ºÆ¼Â¹Ô"
       # command proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)}
-      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')}
-    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
-
-    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'line:').pack('side'=>'left')
-    linenum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
-    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'  pos:').pack('side'=>'left')
-    posnum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
-
-    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
-      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
-      linenum.text = line
-      posnum.text  = pos
-    }
-
-    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'true', 'fill'=>'x')
+      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}
+    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
+#    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
+    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
 
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       s = TkScrollbar.new($code_window, 'orient'=>'vertical')
@@ -864,21 +752,10 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         TkGrid.columnconfigure(f, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
       }
     end
-
-    btag = TkBindTag.new
-
-    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
-    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
-
-    btags = $code_text.bindtags
-    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
-    $code_text.bindtags = btags
-
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
   end
-
   $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
   $code_window.iconname(file)
 #  fid = open(file, 'r')
@@ -889,9 +766,6 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   #$code_mark = TkTextMark.new($code_text, '1.0')
   #$code_text.set_insert('1.0')
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
-
-  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
-
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -912,19 +786,7 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-
-    lf = TkFrame.new(bf)
-    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'line:').pack(:side=>:left)
-    linenum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
-    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'  pos:').pack(:side=>:left)
-    posnum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
-
-    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
-      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
-      linenum.text = line
-      posnum.text  = pos
-    }
-
+    
     #b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'λ²ò', :default=>:active, 
     b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :default=>:active, 
                          :command=>proc{
@@ -938,12 +800,12 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ºÆ¼Â¹Ô', 
                          :command=>proc{
                            # eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)
-                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')
+                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))
                          }, 
                          :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
 
-    TkGrid(lf, 'x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
-    bf.grid_columnconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
+    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
     TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
@@ -956,16 +818,6 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
       $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
     }
-
-    btag = TkBindTag.new
-
-    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
-    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
-
-    btags = $code_text.bindtags
-    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
-    $code_text.bindtags = btags
-
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
@@ -977,9 +829,6 @@ def showCode2(demo)
   $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
   $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
-
-  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
-
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -1077,13 +926,12 @@ end
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.7.0-jp\n\n" + 
+                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.6.0-jp\n\n" + 
                            "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
-                           "( Copyright of Tcl/Tk demos:: " + 
+                           "( Copyright:: " + 
                            "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
                            "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
-                           "(c) 2001-2007 Donal K. Fellows / " + 
-                           "(c) 2002-2007 Daniel A. Steffen )\n\n" +
+                           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
                            "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
                            "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}\n\n" + 
                            "Ruby/Tk release date :: tcltklib #{TclTkLib::RELEASE_DATE}; tk #{Tk::RELEASE_DATE}")
@@ -1105,7 +953,7 @@ ARGV.each{|cmd|
   end
   #eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, 
   #     _null_binding)
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, cmd + '.rb')
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
 }
 if no_launcher
   $root.withdraw  # hide root window
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/encstr_usage.rb b/ext/tk/sample/encstr_usage.rb
index b22c2504ac..4285ec861c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/encstr_usage.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/encstr_usage.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ t1 = TkText.new(:height=>5).pack
 t2 = TkText.new(:height=>5).pack
 t3 = TkText.new(:height=>5).pack
 
-src_str = IO.readlines(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__),'iso2022-kr.txt')).join
+src_str = IO.readlines('iso2022-kr.txt').join
 
 t1.insert('end', 
           "use neither Tk::EncodedString class nor Tk.encoding= method\n\n")
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ t2.insert('end',
 t2.insert('end', enc_str)
 
 Tk.encoding = 'iso2022-kr'
-t3.insert('end', "use Tk.encoding = 'iso2022-kr' (Tk.force_default_encoding? == #{Tk.force_default_encoding?})\n\n")
-
+t3.insert('end', "use Tk.encoding = 'iso2022-kr'\n\n")
 t3.insert('end', src_str)
 
 Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb b/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b6979d2dd..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,456 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require 'tk'
-
-begin
-  # try to use Img extension
-  require 'tkextlib/tkimg'
-rescue Exception
-  # cannot use Img extention --> ignore
-end
-
-
-############################
-# scrolled_canvas
-class TkScrolledCanvas < TkCanvas
-  include TkComposite
-
-  def initialize_composite(keys={})
-    @h_scr = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
-    @v_scr = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
-
-    @canvas = TkCanvas.new(@frame)
-    @path = @canvas.path
-
-    @canvas.xscrollbar(@h_scr)
-    @canvas.yscrollbar(@v_scr)
-
-    TkGrid.rowconfigure(@frame, 0, :weight=>1, :minsize=>0)
-    TkGrid.columnconfigure(@frame, 0, :weight=>1, :minsize=>0)
-
-    @canvas.grid(:row=>0, :column=>0, :sticky=>'news')
-    @h_scr.grid(:row=>1, :column=>0, :sticky=>'ew')
-    @v_scr.grid(:row=>0, :column=>1, :sticky=>'ns')
-
-    delegate('DEFAULT', @canvas)
-    delegate('background', @canvas, @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate('activebackground', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate('troughcolor', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate('repeatdelay', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate('repeatinterval', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate('borderwidth', @frame)
-    delegate('relief', @frame)
-
-    delegate_alias('canvasborderwidth', 'borderwidth', @canvas)
-    delegate_alias('canvasrelief', 'relief', @canvas)
-
-    delegate_alias('scrollbarborderwidth', 'borderwidth', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-    delegate_alias('scrollbarrelief', 'relief', @h_scr, @v_scr)
-
-    configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
-  end
-end
-
-############################
-class PhotoCanvas < TkScrolledCanvas
-
-USAGE = <<EOT
---- WHAT IS ---
-You can write comments on the loaded image, and save it as a Postscipt 
-file (original image file is not modified). Each comment is drawn as a 
-set of an indicator circle, an arrow, and a memo text. See the following 
-how to write comments.
-This can save the list of memo texts to another file. It may useful to 
-search the saved Postscript file by the comments on them.
-This may not support multibyte characters (multibyte texts are broken on 
-a Postscript file). It depends on features of canvas widgets of Tcl/Tk 
-libraries linked your Ruby/Tk. If you use Tcl/Tk8.0-jp (Japanized Tcl/Tk),
-you can (possibly) get a Japanese Postscript file.
-
---- BINDINGS ---
-* Button-1 : draw comments by following steps
-    1st - Set center of a indicator circle.
-    2nd - Set head position of an arrow.
-    3rd - Set tail position of an arrow, and show an entry box.
-          Input a memo text and hit 'Enter' key to entry the comment.
-
-* Button-2-drag : scroll the canvas
-
-* Button-3 : when drawing, cancel current drawing
-
-* Double-Button-3 : delete the clicked comment (text, arrow, and circle)
-EOT
-
-  def initialize(*args)
-    super(*args)
-
-    self.highlightthickness = 0
-    self.selectborderwidth = 0
-
-    @photo = TkPhotoImage.new
-    @img = TkcImage.new(self, 0, 0, :image=>@photo)
-
-    width  = self.width
-    height = self.height
-    @scr_region = [-width, -height, width, height]
-    self.scrollregion(@scr_region)
-    self.xview_moveto(0.25)
-    self.yview_moveto(0.25)
-
-    @col = 'red'
-    @font = 'Helvetica -12'
-
-    @memo_id_num = -1
-    @memo_id_head = 'memo_'
-    @memo_id_tag = nil
-    @overlap_d = 2
-
-    @state = TkVariable.new
-    @border = 2
-    @selectborder = 1
-    @delta = @border + @selectborder
-    @entry = TkEntry.new(self, :relief=>:ridge, :borderwidth=>@border, 
-                         :selectborderwidth=>@selectborder, 
-                         :highlightthickness=>0)
-    @entry.bind('Return'){@state.value = 0}
-
-    @mode = old_mode = 0
-
-    _state0()
-
-    bind('2', :x, :y){|x,y| scan_mark(x,y)}
-    bind('B2-Motion', :x, :y){|x,y| scan_dragto(x,y)}
-
-    bind('3'){
-      next if (old_mode = @mode) == 0
-      @items.each{|item| item.delete }
-      _state0()
-    }
-
-    bind('Double-3', :widget, :x, :y){|w, x, y|
-      next if old_mode != 0
-      x = w.canvasx(x)
-      y = w.canvasy(y)
-      tag = nil
-      w.find_overlapping(x - @overlap_d, y - @overlap_d, 
-                         x + @overlap_d, y + @overlap_d).find{|item|
-        ! (item.tags.find{|name|
-             if name =~ /^(#{@memo_id_head}\d+)$/
-               tag = $1
-             end
-           }.empty?)
-      }
-      w.delete(tag) if tag
-    }
-  end
-
-  #-----------------------------------
-  private
-  def _state0() # init
-    @mode = 0
-
-    @memo_id_num += 1
-    @memo_id_tag = @memo_id_head + @memo_id_num.to_s
-
-    @target = nil
-    @items = []
-    @mark = [0, 0]
-    bind_remove('Motion')
-    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state1(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
-  end
-
-  def _state1(x,y) # set center
-    @mode = 1
-
-    @target = TkcOval.new(self, 
-                          [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
-                          :outline=>@col, :width=>3, :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
-    @items << @target
-    @mark = [x,y]
-
-    bind('Motion', proc{|x,y| _state2(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
-    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state3(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
-  end
-
-  def _state2(x,y) # create circle
-    @mode = 2
-
-    r = Integer(Math.sqrt((x-@mark[0])**2 + (y-@mark[1])**2))
-    @target.coords([canvasx(@mark[0] - r), canvasy(@mark[1] - r)], 
-                   [canvasx(@mark[0] + r), canvasy(@mark[1] + r)])
-  end
-
-  def _state3(x,y) # set line start
-    @mode = 3
-
-    @target = TkcLine.new(self, 
-                          [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
-                          :arrow=>:first, :arrowshape=>[10, 14, 5], 
-                          :fill=>@col, :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
-    @items << @target
-    @mark = [x, y]
-
-    bind('Motion', proc{|x,y| _state4(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
-    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state5(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
-  end
-
-  def _state4(x,y) # create line
-    @mode = 4
-
-    @target.coords([canvasx(@mark[0]), canvasy(@mark[1])], 
-                   [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)])
-  end
-
-  def _state5(x,y) # set text
-    @mode = 5
-
-    if x - @mark[0] >= 0
-      justify = 'left'
-      dx = - @delta
-
-      if y - @mark[1] >= 0
-        anchor = 'nw'
-        dy = - @delta
-      else
-        anchor = 'sw'
-        dy = @delta
-      end
-    else
-      justify = 'right'
-      dx = @delta
-
-      if y - @mark[1] >= 0
-        anchor = 'ne'
-        dy = - @delta
-      else
-        anchor = 'se'
-        dy = @delta
-      end
-    end
-
-    bind_remove('Motion')
-
-    @entry.value = ''
-    @entry.configure(:justify=>justify, :font=>@font, :foreground=>@col)
-
-    ewin = TkcWindow.new(self, [canvasx(x)+dx, canvasy(y)+dy], 
-                         :window=>@entry, :state=>:normal, :anchor=>anchor, 
-                         :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
-
-    @entry.focus
-    @entry.grab
-    @state.wait
-    @entry.grab_release
-
-    ewin.delete
-
-    @target = TkcText.new(self, [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
-                          :anchor=>anchor, :justify=>justify, 
-                          :fill=>@col, :font=>@font, :text=>@entry.value, 
-                          :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
-
-    _state0()
-  end
-
-  #-----------------------------------
-  public
-  def load_photo(filename)
-    @photo.configure(:file=>filename)
-  end
-
-  def modified?
-    ! ((find_withtag('all') - [@img]).empty?)
-  end
-
-  def fig_erase
-    (find_withtag('all') - [@img]).each{|item| item.delete}
-  end
-
-  def reset_region
-    width = @photo.width
-    height = @photo.height
-
-    if width > @scr_region[2]
-      @scr_region[0] = -width
-      @scr_region[2] = width
-    end
-
-    if height > @scr_region[3]
-      @scr_region[1] = -height
-      @scr_region[3] = height
-    end
-
-    self.scrollregion(@scr_region)
-    self.xview_moveto(0.25)
-    self.yview_moveto(0.25)
-  end
-
-  def get_texts
-    ret = []
-    find_withtag('all').each{|item|
-      if item.kind_of?(TkcText)
-        ret << item[:text]
-      end
-    }
-    ret
-  end
-end
-############################
-
-# define methods for menu
-def open_file(canvas, fname)
-  if canvas.modified?
-    ret = Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'warning',:type=>'okcancel',:default=>'cancel',
-                        :message=>'Canvas may be modified. Realy erase? ')
-    return if ret == 'cancel'
-  end
-
-  filetypes = [
-    ['GIF Files', '.gif'], 
-    ['GIF Files', [], 'GIFF'], 
-    ['PPM Files', '.ppm'], 
-    ['PGM Files', '.pgm']
-  ]
-
-  begin
-    if Tk::Img::package_version != ''
-      filetypes << ['JPEG Files', ['.jpg', '.jpeg']]
-      filetypes << ['PNG Files', '.png']
-      filetypes << ['PostScript Files', '.ps']
-      filetypes << ['PDF Files', '.pdf']
-      filetypes << ['Windows Bitmap Files', '.bmp']
-      filetypes << ['Windows Icon Files', '.ico']
-      filetypes << ['PCX Files', '.pcx']
-      filetypes << ['Pixmap Files', '.pixmap']
-      filetypes << ['SGI Files', '.sgi']
-      filetypes << ['Sun Raster Files', '.sun']
-      filetypes << ['TGA Files', '.tga']
-      filetypes << ['TIFF Files', '.tiff']
-      filetypes << ['XBM Files', '.xbm']
-      filetypes << ['XPM Files', '.xpm']
-    end
-  rescue
-  end
-
-  filetypes << ['ALL Files', '*']
-
-  fpath = Tk.getOpenFile(:filetypes=>filetypes)
-  return if fpath.empty?
-
-  begin
-    canvas.load_photo(fpath)
-  rescue => e
-    Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'error', :type=>'ok', 
-                  :message=>"Fail to read '#{fpath}'.\n#{e.message}")
-  end
-
-  canvas.fig_erase
-  canvas.reset_region
-
-  fname.value = fpath
-end
-
-# --------------------------------
-def save_memo(canvas, fname)
-  initname = fname.value
-  if initname != '-'
-    initname = File.basename(initname, File.extname(initname))
-    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Text Files', '.txt'], 
-                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ], 
-                           :initialfile=>initname)
-  else
-    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Text Files', '.txt'], 
-                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ])
-  end
-  return if fpath.empty?
-
-  begin
-    fid = open(fpath, 'w')
-  rescue => e
-    Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'error', :type=>'ok', 
-                  :message=>"Fail to open '#{fname.value}'.\n#{e.message}")
-  end
-
-  begin
-    canvas.get_texts.each{|txt|
-      fid.print(txt, "\n")
-    }
-  ensure
-    fid.close
-  end
-end
-
-# --------------------------------
-def ps_print(canvas, fname)
-  initname = fname.value
-  if initname != '-'
-    initname = File.basename(initname, File.extname(initname))
-    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Postscript Files', '.ps'], 
-                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ], 
-                           :initialfile=>initname)
-  else
-    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Postscript Files', '.ps'], 
-                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ])
-  end
-  return if fpath.empty?
-
-  bbox = canvas.bbox('all')
-  canvas.postscript(:file=>fpath, :x=>bbox[0], :y=>bbox[1], 
-                    :width=>bbox[2] - bbox[0], :height=>bbox[3] - bbox[1])
-end
-
-# --------------------------------
-def quit(canvas)
-  ret = Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'warning', :type=>'okcancel', 
-                      :default=>'cancel', 
-                      :message=>'Realy quit? ')
-  exit if ret == 'ok'
-end
-
-# --------------------------------
-# setup root
-root = TkRoot.new(:title=>'Fig Memo')
-
-# create canvas frame
-canvas = PhotoCanvas.new(root).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
-usage_frame = TkFrame.new(root, :relief=>:ridge, :borderwidth=>2)
-hide_btn = TkButton.new(usage_frame, :text=>'hide usage', 
-                        :font=>{:size=>8}, :pady=>1, 
-                        :command=>proc{usage_frame.unpack})
-hide_btn.pack(:anchor=>'e', :padx=>5)
-usage = TkLabel.new(usage_frame, :text=>PhotoCanvas::USAGE, 
-                    :font=>'Helvetica 8', :justify=>:left).pack
-
-show_usage = proc{
-  usage_frame.pack(:before=>canvas, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
-}
-
-fname = TkVariable.new('-')
-f = TkFrame.new(root, :relief=>:sunken, :borderwidth=>1).pack(:fill=>:x)
-label = TkLabel.new(f, :textvariable=>fname, 
-                    :font=>{:size=>-12, :weight=>:bold}, 
-                    :anchor=>'w').pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:x, :padx=>10)
-
-# create menu
-mspec = [
-  [ ['File', 0], 
-    ['Show Usage',      proc{show_usage.call}, 5], 
-    '---', 
-    ['Open Image File', proc{open_file(canvas, fname)}, 0], 
-    ['Save Memo Texts', proc{save_memo(canvas, fname)}, 0], 
-    '---', 
-    ['Save Postscript', proc{ps_print(canvas, fname)}, 5], 
-    '---', 
-    ['Quit', proc{quit(canvas)}, 0]
-  ]
-]
-root.add_menubar(mspec)
-
-# manage wm_protocol
-root.protocol(:WM_DELETE_WINDOW){quit(canvas)}
-
-# show usage
-show_usage.call
-
-# --------------------------------
-# start eventloop
-Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/irbtkw.rbw b/ext/tk/sample/irbtkw.rbw
index 3fb6dde626..f6a35be6ed 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/irbtkw.rbw
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/irbtkw.rbw
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #                                 by Hidetoshi NAGAI (nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp)
 #
-release = '2008/03/08'
+release = '2006/11/06'
 
 require 'tk'
 begin
@@ -15,32 +15,10 @@ end
 
 require 'irb'
 
-if TkCore::WITH_ENCODING
-else
-  # $KCODE setup
-  case Tk.encoding
-  when 'shiftjis', 'cp932'
-    $KCODE='SJIS'
-  when 'euc-jp'
-    $KCODE='EUC'
-  when 'utf-8', 'unicode'
-    $KCODE='UTF8'
-  else
-    # unknown
-  end
-end
-
 # console setup
 top = TkToplevel.new(:title=>'IRB console')
 top.protocol(:WM_DELETE_WINDOW){ Tk.exit }
 
-case (Tk.windowingsystem)
-when 'win32'
-  fnt = ['MS Gothic', '-12']
-else
-  fnt = ['courier', '-12']
-end
-
 console = TkTextIO.new(top, :mode=>:console, 
                        :width=>80).pack(:side=>:left, 
                                         :expand=>true, :fill=>:both)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tcltklib/sample2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tcltklib/sample2.rb
index 110e81ebc4..444bb1eef7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tcltklib/sample2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tcltklib/sample2.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Othello
          [ 1, -1], [ 1, 0], [ 1, 1]
       ]
       
-      attr_accessor :com_disk
+      attr :com_disk, TRUE
    
       def initialize(othello)
          @othello = othello
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
index 633a072460..b604410da4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
@@ -20,14 +20,6 @@ def version?(ver)
   TkPackage.vcompare(Tk::Tile.package_version, ver) >= 0
 end
 
-# define Tcl/Tk procedures for compatibility
-Tk::Tile.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
-Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-
-unless Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names.include?('step')
-  Tk::Tile::Style.theme_create('step')
-end
-
 Tk.load_tclscript(File.join(demodir, 'toolbutton.tcl'))
 Tk.load_tclscript(File.join(demodir, 'repeater.tcl'))
 
@@ -63,7 +55,7 @@ $V = TkVariable.new_hash(:THEME      => 'default',
                          :CHOICE     => 2)
 
 # Add in any available loadable themes.
-TkPackage.names.find_all{|n| n =~ /^(tile|ttk)::theme::/}.each{|pkg|
+TkPackage.names.find_all{|n| n =~ /^tile::theme::/}.each{|pkg|
   name = pkg.split('::')[-1]
   unless $THEMELIST.assoc(name)
     $THEMELIST << [name, Tk.tk_call('string', 'totitle', name)]
@@ -74,8 +66,7 @@ TkPackage.names.find_all{|n| n =~ /^(tile|ttk)::theme::/}.each{|pkg|
 $RUBY_THEMELIST = []
 begin
   load(File.join(demodir, 'themes', 'kroc.rb'), true)
-rescue => e
-raise e
+rescue
   $RUBY_THEMELIST << ['kroc-rb', 'Kroc (by Ruby)', false]
 else
   $RUBY_THEMELIST << ['kroc-rb', 'Kroc (by Ruby)', true]
@@ -88,8 +79,8 @@ def makeThemeControl(parent)
                                   :variable=>$V.ref(:THEME), 
                                   :command=>proc{setTheme(theme)})
     b.grid(:sticky=>:ew)
-    unless (TkPackage.names.find{|n| n =~ /(tile|ttk)::theme::#{theme}/})
-      b.ttk_state(:disabled)
+    unless (TkPackage.names.find{|n| n == "tile::theme::#{theme}"})
+      b.state(:disabled)
     end
   }
   $RUBY_THEMELIST.each{|theme, name, available|
@@ -97,7 +88,7 @@ def makeThemeControl(parent)
                                   :variable=>$V.ref(:THEME), 
                                   :command=>proc{setTheme(theme)})
     b.grid(:sticky=>:ew)
-    b.ttk_state(:disabled) unless available
+    b.state(:disabled) unless available
   }
   c
 end
@@ -107,7 +98,7 @@ def makeThemeMenu(parent)
   $THEMELIST.each{|theme, name|
     m.add(:radiobutton, :label=>name, :variable=>$V.ref(:THEME), 
           :value=>theme, :command=>proc{setTheme(theme)})
-    unless (TkPackage.names.find{|n| n =~ /(tile|ttk)::theme::#{theme}/})
+    unless (TkPackage.names.find{|n| n == "tile::theme::#{theme}"})
       m.entryconfigure(:end, :state=>:disabled)
     end
   }
@@ -120,10 +111,8 @@ def makeThemeMenu(parent)
 end
 
 def setTheme(theme)
-  if (pkg = TkPackage.names.find{|n| n =~ /(tile|ttk)::theme::#{theme}/})
-    unless Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names.find{|n| n == theme}
-      TkPackage.require(pkg)
-    end
+  if (TkPackage.names.find{|n| n == "tile::theme::#{theme}"})
+    TkPackage.require("tile::theme::#{theme}")
   end
   Tk::Tile::Style.theme_use(theme)
 end
@@ -686,7 +675,7 @@ values = %w(list abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz)
     combo, :values=>values, :textvariable=>$V.ref(:COMBO))
   cb.pack(:side=>:top, :padx=>2, :pady=>2, :expand=>false, :fill=>:x)
   if i == 1
-    cb.ttk_state :readonly
+    cb.state :readonly
     begin
       cb.current = 3 # ignore if unsupported (tile0.4)
     rescue
@@ -933,11 +922,11 @@ end
 def updateStates
   $states_list.each{|st|
     begin
-      $State[st] = $Widget.window.ttk_instate(st)
+      $State[st] = $Widget.window.instate(st)
     rescue
-      $states_btns[st].ttk_state('disabled')
+      $states_btns[st].state('disabled')
     else
-      $states_btns[st].ttk_state('!disabled')
+      $states_btns[st].state('!disabled')
     end
   }
 end
@@ -945,9 +934,9 @@ end
 def changeState(st)
   if $Widget.value != ''
     if $State.bool_element(st)
-      $Widget.window.ttk_state(st)
+      $Widget.window.state(st)
     else
-      $Widget.window.ttk_state("!#{st}")
+      $Widget.window.state("!#{st}")
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/blue/pkgIndex.tcl b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/blue/pkgIndex.tcl
index 4facac70d8..19ddda7c73 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/blue/pkgIndex.tcl
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/blue/pkgIndex.tcl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Package index for tile demo pixmap themes.
 
 if {[file isdirectory [file join $dir blue]]} {
-    package ifneeded tile::theme::blue 0.7 \
+    package ifneeded tile::theme::blue 0.0.1 \
         [list source [file join $dir blue.tcl]]
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/kroc.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/kroc.rb
index 27006d847f..f67ce7a897 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/kroc.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/themes/kroc.rb
@@ -95,35 +95,8 @@ def kroc_rb_settings
   #
   # Elements:
   #
-  if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID >= 8
-    Tk::Tile::Style.element_create('Button.button', 
-                                   :image, 
-                                   [ $images['button-n'],
-                                     :pressed, $images['button-p'], 
-                                     :active,  $images['button-h'], 
-                                   ], :border=>3, :sticky=>:ew)
-
-    Tk::Tile::Style.element_create('Checkbutton.indicator', 
-                                   :image, 
-                                   [ $images['check-nu'],
-                                     [:pressed, :selected],$images['check-nc'],
-                                     :pressed,             $images['check-nu'],
-                                     [:active, :selected], $images['check-hc'],
-                                     :active,              $images['check-hu'],
-                                     :selected,            $images['check-nc'],
-                                   ], :sticky=>:w)
+  if TkPackage.vcompare(Tk::Tile.package_version, '0.5') >= 0
 
-    Tk::Tile::Style.element_create('Radiobutton.indicator', 
-                                   :image, 
-                                   [ $images['radio-nu'],
-                                     [:pressed,:selected],$images['radio-nc'],
-                                     :pressed,            $images['radio-nu'],
-                                     [:active,:selected], $images['radio-hc'],
-                                     :active,             $images['radio-hu'],
-                                     :selected,           $images['radio-nc'],
-                                   ], :sticky=>:w)
-
-  elsif TkPackage.vcompare(Tk::Tile.package_version, '0.5') >= 0
     Tk::Tile::Style.element_create('Button.button', 
                                    :image, $images['button-n'],
                                    :map=>[
@@ -152,6 +125,7 @@ def kroc_rb_settings
                                    ], :sticky=>:w)
 
   else # tile 0.4 or earlier
+
     Tk::Tile::Style.element_create('Button.button', :pixmap, 
                                    :images=>[
                                      :pressed, $images['button-p'], 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
index eed95d0e1c..50ecde91f0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ $HasColumnCreate = Tk::TreeCtrl::HasColumnCreateCommand
 
 $Version_1_1_OrLater = (TkPackage.vcompare(Tk::TreeCtrl.package_version, '1.1') >= 0)
 
-#if Hash.instance_methods.include?(:key)
-if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
-  # ruby 1.9.x --> use Hash#key
+if Hash.instance_methods.include?('key')
+  # probably ruby 1.9.x --> use Hash#key
   # Because Hash#index show warning "Hash#index is deprecated; use Hash#key".
 else
-  # ruby 1.8.x --> use Hash#index
+  # probably ruby 1.8.x --> use Hash#index
   class Hash
     alias key index
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/vu/canvSticker2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/vu/canvSticker2.rb
index 548a72c2cb..f54e748660 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/vu/canvSticker2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/vu/canvSticker2.rb
@@ -20,16 +20,14 @@ c.destroy
 #---
 #--- set STRING {{x0 y0 x1 y1} {...text...} {resize point: center}
 
-#sti_conf = [ [10, 10, 180, 180], "Sticker äöüß@²³¼½¾",  :center ]
-#txt_conf = [ [210, 210],        "Text    äöüß@²³¼½¾",  :center ]
+#sti_conf = [ [10, 10, 180, 180], "Sticker äöüß@²³¼½¾",  :center ]
+#txt_conf = [ [210, 210],        "Text    äöüß@²³¼½¾",  :center ]
 sti_conf = [ [10, 10, 350, 350], 
-             Tk::UTF8_String('Sticker \u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF\u0040\u00B2\u00B3\u00BC\u00BD\u00BE'),
-             :center ]
+             Tk::UTF8_String("Sticker äöüß@²³¼½¾"),  :center ]
 txt_conf = [ [250, 250],
-             Tk::UTF8_String('Text    \u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF\u0040\u00B2\u00B3\u00BC\u00BD\u00BE'),
-             :center ]
+             Tk::UTF8_String("Text    äöüß@²³¼½¾"),  :center ]
 
-#p sti_conf
+p sti_conf
 
 fnt = TkFont.new('Helvetica 24 bold')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkrttimer.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkrttimer.rb
index 0abd4ecbd2..531f4a8d5a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkrttimer.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkrttimer.rb
@@ -17,17 +17,8 @@ TkLabel.new(f2, :text=>'use TkRTTimer class').pack
 label2 = TkLabel.new(:parent=>f2, :relief=>:raised, 
                      :width=>10).pack(:fill=>:both)
 
-TkLabel.new(:padx=>10, :pady=>5, :justify=>'left', :text=><<EOT).pack
-Interval setting of each timer object is 10 ms.
-Each timer object counts up the value on each callback
-(the value is not the clock data).
-The count of the TkTimer object is delayed by execution 
-time of callbacks and inaccuracy of interval.
-On the other hand, the count of the TkRTTimer object is 
-not delayed. Its callback interval is not accurate too. 
-But it can compute error correction about the time when 
-a callback should start.
-EOT
+TkLabel.new(:text=>'Interval setting of each timer is 10 ms.', 
+            :padx=>10, :pady=>5).pack
 
 # define the procedure repeated by the TkTimer object
 tick = proc{|aobj| #<== TkTimer object
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tksleep_sample.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tksleep_sample.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 23f6eca54e..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tksleep_sample.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-require 'tk'
-
-v = TkVariable.new(0)
-l = TkLabel.new(:textvariable=>v).pack(:pady=>[1, 10])
-
-a = TkButton.new(:text=>"button A :: proc{p ['AAA', v.value]}").pack(:fill=>:x, :pady=>[1, 15], :padx=>15)
-a.command{p ['AAA', v.value]}
-
-TkLabel.new(:text=>'Callback of the button B returns LIFO order').pack
-b = TkButton.new(:text=>"button B :: proc{n = v.value; p ['B:start', n]; Tk.sleep(10000); p ['B:end', n]}").pack(:fill=>:x, :pady=>[1, 15], :padx=>15)
-b.command{n = v.value; p ['B:start', n]; Tk.sleep(10000); p ['B:end', n]}
-
-TkLabel.new(:text=>'Callback of the button C returns FIFO order').pack
-c = TkButton.new(:text=>"button C :: proc{n = v.value; Thread.new{p ['C:start', n]; Tk.sleep(10000); p ['C:end', n]}}").pack(:fill=>:x, :pady=>[1, 15], :padx=>15)
-c.command{n = v.value; Thread.new{p ['C:start', n]; Tk.sleep(10000); p ['C:end', n]}}
-
-TkLabel.new(:text=>'Callback of the button D blocks eventloop (no respond to event)').pack
-d = TkButton.new(:text=>"button D :: proc{n = v.value; p ['D:start', n]; sleep(10); p ['D:end', n]}").pack(:fill=>:x, :pady=>[1,15], :padx=>15)
-d.command{n = v.value; p ['D:start', n]; sleep(10); p ['D:end', n]}
-
-TkLabel.new(:text=>'Callback of the button E is another way to avoid eventloop blocking').pack
-e = TkButton.new(:text=>"button E :: proc{n = v.value; Thread.new{p ['D:start', n]; sleep(10); p ['D:end', n]}}").pack(:fill=>:x, :pady=>[1,15], :padx=>15)
-e.command{n = v.value; Thread.new{p ['D:start', n]; sleep(10); p ['D:end', n]}}
-
-TkButton.new(:text=>'QUIT', :command=>proc{exit}).pack
-
-TkTimer.new(500, -1){v.numeric += 1}.start
-
-Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
index 9f012feada..4573bcebdf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
@@ -254,15 +254,7 @@ class TkTextIO < TkText
       Tk.callback_break
     end
   end
-  def _cb_ctrl_u
-    if @console_mode
-      mark_set('insert', @ins_head)
-      delete('insert', 'insert lineend')
-      Tk.callback_break
-    end
-  end
-  private :_cb_up, :_cb_down, :_cb_left, :_cb_backspace, 
-          :_cb_ctrl_a, :_cb_ctrl_u
+  private :_cb_up, :_cb_down, :_cb_left, :_cb_backspace, :_cb_ctrl_a
 
   def _setup_console_bindings
     @bindtag = TkBindTag.new
@@ -336,8 +328,6 @@ class TkTextIO < TkText
 
     @bindtag.bind('Home'){ _cb_ctrl_a }
     @bindtag.bind('Control-a'){ _cb_ctrl_a }
-
-    @bindtag.bind('Control-u'){ _cb_ctrl_u }
   end
   private :_setup_console_bindings
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb b/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1580668994..0000000000
--- a/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-#
-#  ttk_wrapper.rb  --  use Ttk widgets as default on old Ruby/Tk scripts
-#
-#                       by Hidetoshi NAGAI (nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp)
-#
-version = '0.1.3'
-#
-##########################################################################
-#  parse commandline arguments
-##########################################################################
-require 'optparse'
-opt = OptionParser.new("Usage: #{$0} [options] rubytk_script" << "\n    " << 
-                         "Ruby/Tk script wrapper. Use Ttk widgets as default.")
-opt.version = version
-
-OPTS = {}
-OPTS[:themedir] = []
-OPTS[:rb_theme] = []
-OPTS[:theme] = 'default'
-
-opt.on('-l', '--list', 'list available theme names'){|v| OPTS[:list] = true}
-opt.on('-t', '--theme theme', 'theme name'){|v| OPTS[:theme] = v}
-opt.on('-d', '--themedir themes_dir', 'directory of theme definitions'){|v| 
-  OPTS[:themedir] << v
-}
-opt.on('-r', '--rubytheme rb_theme', 'theme definition file (ruby script)'){|v|
-  OPTS[:rb_theme] << v
-}
-opt.on('-v', '--verbose', 'print verbose messages'){|v| OPTS[:verbose] = true}
-
-opt.parse!(ARGV)
-
-
-##########################################################################
-#  load Ttk (Tile) extension
-##########################################################################
-require 'tk'
-
-begin
-  require 'tkextlib/tile'
-  Tk.default_widget_set = :Ttk
-rescue LoadError
-  if OPTS[:verbose]
-    print "warning: fail to load 'Ttk' extension. use standard widgets.\n" 
-  end
-end
-
-if OPTS[:verbose]
-  print "current default widget set is '#{Tk.default_widget_set}'\n"
-end
-
-
-##########################################################################
-# define Tcl/Tk procedures for compatibility.
-# those are required when want to use themes included 
-# in "sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb".
-##########################################################################
-Tk::Tile.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
-Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-
-
-##########################################################################
-#  use themes defined on the demo of Ttk (Tile) extension
-##########################################################################
-demodir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
-demo_themesdir = File.expand_path(File.join(demodir, 'tkextlib', 'tile', 'themes'))
-
-Tk::AUTO_PATH.lappend(*OPTS[:themedir]) unless OPTS[:themedir].empty?
-Tk::AUTO_PATH.lappend('.', demodir, demo_themesdir)
-
-OPTS[:themedir] << demo_themesdir
-print "theme-dirs: #{OPTS[:themedir].inspect}\n" if OPTS[:verbose]
-
-OPTS[:themedir].each{|themesdir|
-  if File.directory?(themesdir)
-    Dir.foreach(themesdir){|name|
-      next if name == '.' || name == '..'
-      path = File.join(themesdir, name)
-      Tk::AUTO_PATH.lappend(path) if File.directory?(path)
-    }
-  end
-}
-
-# This forces an update of the available packages list. It's required
-# for package names to find the themes in demos/themes/*.tcl
-Tk.ip_eval("#{TkPackage.unknown_proc}  Tcl #{TkPackage.provide('Tcl')}")
-
-# load themes written in Ruby.
-themes_by_ruby = [File.join(demo_themesdir, 'kroc.rb')]
-themes_by_ruby.concat OPTS[:rb_theme]
-print "ruby-themes: #{themes_by_ruby.inspect}\n" if OPTS[:verbose]
-
-themes_by_ruby.each{|f|
-  begin
-    load(f, true)
-  rescue LoadError
-    print "fail to load \"#{f}\"\n" if OPTS[:verbose]
-  end
-}
-
-
-##########################################################################
-# ignore unsupported options of Ttk widgets
-##########################################################################
-TkConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__! true
-TkItemConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__! true
-
-
-##########################################################################
-#  set theme of widget style
-##########################################################################
-if OPTS[:list] || OPTS[:verbose]
-  print "supported theme names: #{Tk::Tile.themes.inspect}\n" 
-  exit if OPTS[:list] && ARGV.empty?
-end
-print "use theme: \"#{OPTS[:theme]}\"\n" if OPTS[:theme] && OPTS[:verbose]
-#setTheme(OPTS[:theme]) if OPTS[:theme]
-Tk::Tile.set_theme(OPTS[:theme]) if OPTS[:theme]
-
-
-##########################################################################
-#  replace $0 and $RPAGRAM_NAME
-##########################################################################
-#  When the expand_path of the target script is long, ruby sometimes 
-#  fails to set the path to $0 (the path string is trimmed).
-#  The following replaces $0 and $PROGNAME to avoid such trouble.
-progname_obj = $0.dup
-$program_name = progname_obj
-
-alias $REAL_PROGRAM_NAME $0
-alias $PROGRAM_NAME $program_name
-alias $0 $program_name
-
-trace_var(:$program_name){|val|
-  unless progname_obj.object_id == val.object_id
-    progname_obj.replace(val.to_s)
-    $program_name = progname_obj
-  end
-}
-
-
-##########################################################################
-#  load script
-##########################################################################
-if (path = ARGV.shift) && (script = File.expand_path(path))
-  print "load script \"#{script}\"\n" if OPTS[:verbose]
-  $0 = script
-  load(script)
-else
-  print "Error: no script is given.\n"
-  print opt.help
-  exit(1)
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/stubs.c b/ext/tk/stubs.c
index 6d3b330f0e..23ff42a4f4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/stubs.c
+++ b/ext/tk/stubs.c
@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
-/************************************************
-
-  stubs.c - Tcl/Tk stubs support
-
-************************************************/
-
-#include "ruby.h"
 #include "stubs.h"
+#include "ruby.h"
 #include <tcl.h>
 #include <tk.h>
 
@@ -92,12 +86,8 @@ static DL_HANDLE tcl_dll = (DL_HANDLE)0;
 static DL_HANDLE tk_dll  = (DL_HANDLE)0;
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_open_tcl_dll(char *appname)
-#else
 ruby_open_tcl_dll(appname)
     char *appname;
-#endif
 {
     void (*p_Tcl_FindExecutable)(const char *);
     int n;
@@ -151,8 +141,8 @@ ruby_open_tk_dll()
     char tk_name[20];
 
     if (!tcl_dll) {
-        /* int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-        int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+        /* int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+        int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
         if (ret != TCLTK_STUBS_OK) return ret;
     }
 
@@ -179,12 +169,8 @@ ruby_open_tk_dll()
 }
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_open_tcltk_dll(char *appname)
-#else
 ruby_open_tcltk_dll(appname)
     char *appname;
-#endif
 {
     return( ruby_open_tcl_dll(appname) || ruby_open_tk_dll() );
 }
@@ -203,12 +189,8 @@ tk_stubs_init_p()
 
 
 Tcl_Interp *
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tcl_create_ip_and_stubs_init(int *st)
-#else
 ruby_tcl_create_ip_and_stubs_init(st)
     int *st;
-#endif
 {
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
 
@@ -231,8 +213,8 @@ ruby_tcl_create_ip_and_stubs_init(st)
         Tcl_Interp *(*p_Tcl_DeleteInterp)();
 
         if (!tcl_dll) {
-            /* int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-            int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+            /* int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+            int ret = ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
 
             if (ret != TCLTK_STUBS_OK) {
                 if (st) *st = ret;
@@ -290,12 +272,8 @@ ruby_tcl_stubs_init()
 }
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tk_stubs_init(Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip)
-#else
 ruby_tk_stubs_init(tcl_ip)
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
-#endif
 {
     Tcl_ResetResult(tcl_ip);
 
@@ -330,12 +308,8 @@ ruby_tk_stubs_init(tcl_ip)
 }
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tk_stubs_safeinit(Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip)
-#else
 ruby_tk_stubs_safeinit(tcl_ip)
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
-#endif
 {
     Tcl_ResetResult(tcl_ip);
 
@@ -374,8 +348,8 @@ ruby_tcltk_stubs()
     int st;
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
 
-    /* st = ruby_open_tcltk_dll(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-    st = ruby_open_tcltk_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+    /* st = ruby_open_tcltk_dll(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+    st = ruby_open_tcltk_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
     switch(st) {
     case NO_FindExecutable:
         return -7;
@@ -421,12 +395,8 @@ static int open_tcl_dll = 0;
 static int call_tk_stubs_init = 0;
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_open_tcl_dll(char *appname)
-#else
 ruby_open_tcl_dll(appname)
     char *appname;
-#endif
 {
     if (appname) {
         Tcl_FindExecutable(appname);
@@ -438,24 +408,18 @@ ruby_open_tcl_dll(appname)
     return TCLTK_STUBS_OK;
 }
 
-int 
-ruby_open_tk_dll()
+int ruby_open_tk_dll()
 {
     if (!open_tcl_dll) {
-        /* ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-        ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+        /* ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+        ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
     }
 
     return TCLTK_STUBS_OK;
 }
 
-int 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_open_tcltk_dll(char *appname)
-#else
-ruby_open_tcltk_dll(appname)
+int ruby_open_tcltk_dll(appname)
     char *appname;
-#endif
 {
     return( ruby_open_tcl_dll(appname) || ruby_open_tk_dll() );
 }
@@ -473,18 +437,14 @@ tk_stubs_init_p()
 }
 
 Tcl_Interp *
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tcl_create_ip_and_stubs_init(int *st)
-#else
 ruby_tcl_create_ip_and_stubs_init(st)
     int *st;
-#endif
 {
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
 
     if (!open_tcl_dll) {
-        /* ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-        ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+        /* ruby_open_tcl_dll(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+        ruby_open_tcl_dll(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
     }
 
     if (st) *st = 0;
@@ -506,12 +466,8 @@ ruby_tcl_stubs_init()
 }
 
 int 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tk_stubs_init(Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip)
-#else
 ruby_tk_stubs_init(tcl_ip)
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
-#endif
 {
     if (Tk_Init(tcl_ip) == TCL_ERROR)
         return FAIL_Tk_Init;
@@ -527,12 +483,8 @@ ruby_tk_stubs_init(tcl_ip)
 }
 
 int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-ruby_tk_stubs_safeinit(Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip)
-#else
 ruby_tk_stubs_safeinit(tcl_ip)
     Tcl_Interp *tcl_ip;
-#endif
 {
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     if (Tk_SafeInit(tcl_ip) == TCL_ERROR)
@@ -556,8 +508,8 @@ ruby_tk_stubs_safeinit(tcl_ip)
 int 
 ruby_tcltk_stubs()
 {
-    /* Tcl_FindExecutable(RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0)); */
-    Tcl_FindExecutable(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING_PTR(rb_argv0) : 0);
+    /* Tcl_FindExecutable(RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr); */
+    Tcl_FindExecutable(rb_argv0 ? RSTRING(rb_argv0)->ptr : 0);
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/tcltklib.c b/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
index 8701cfef27..ff1f7640bd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
+++ b/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
@@ -4,20 +4,11 @@
  *              Oct. 24, 1997   Y. Matsumoto
  */
 
-#define TCLTKLIB_RELEASE_DATE "2008-05-23"
+#define TCLTKLIB_RELEASE_DATE "2006-12-01"
 
 #include "ruby.h"
-
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-/* #include "ruby/ruby.h" */
-#include "ruby/signal.h"
-#include "ruby/encoding.h"
-#else
-/* #include "ruby.h" */
 #include "rubysig.h"
 #include "version.h"
-#endif
-
 #undef EXTERN   /* avoid conflict with tcl.h of tcl8.2 or before */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
@@ -39,24 +30,6 @@
 #define TCL_FINAL_RELEASE       2
 #endif
 
-static struct {
-  int major;
-  int minor;
-  int patchlevel;
-  int type;
-} tcltk_version = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-
-static void
-set_tcltk_version()
-{
-    if (tcltk_version.major) return;
-
-    Tcl_GetVersion(&(tcltk_version.major), 
-		   &(tcltk_version.minor), 
-		   &(tcltk_version.patchlevel), 
-		   &(tcltk_version.type));
-}
-
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
 # ifndef CONST84
 #  if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION <= 4 /* Tcl8.0.x -- 8.4b1 */
@@ -110,26 +83,6 @@ static void ip_finalize _((Tcl_Interp*));
 
 static int at_exit = 0;
 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-static VALUE cRubyEncoding;
-
-/* encoding */
-static int ENCODING_INDEX_UTF8;
-static int ENCODING_INDEX_BINARY;
-#endif
-static VALUE ENCODING_NAME_UTF8;
-static VALUE ENCODING_NAME_BINARY;
-
-static VALUE create_dummy_encoding_for_tk_core _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE create_dummy_encoding_for_tk _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static int update_encoding_table _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE encoding_table_get_name_core _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE encoding_table_get_obj_core _((VALUE, VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE encoding_table_get_name _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE encoding_table_get_obj _((VALUE, VALUE));
-static VALUE create_encoding_table _((VALUE));
-static VALUE ip_get_encoding_table _((VALUE));
-
 
 /* for callback break & continue */
 static VALUE eTkCallbackReturn;
@@ -148,9 +101,6 @@ static VALUE tcltkip_class;
 static ID ID_at_enc;
 static ID ID_at_interp;
 
-static ID ID_encoding_name;
-static ID ID_encoding_table;
-
 static ID ID_stop_p;
 static ID ID_alive_p;
 static ID ID_kill;
@@ -171,37 +121,14 @@ static ID ID_inspect;
 
 static VALUE ip_invoke_real _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 static VALUE ip_invoke _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
-static VALUE ip_invoke_with_position _((int, VALUE*, VALUE, Tcl_QueuePosition));
-static VALUE tk_funcall _((VALUE(), int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 
-/* Tcl's object type */
-#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-static char *Tcl_ObjTypeName_ByteArray = "bytearray";
-static Tcl_ObjType *Tcl_ObjType_ByteArray;
-
-static char *Tcl_ObjTypeName_String    = "string";
-static Tcl_ObjType *Tcl_ObjType_String;
-
-#if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 1)
-#define IS_TCL_BYTEARRAY(obj)    ((obj)->typePtr == Tcl_ObjType_ByteArray)
-#define IS_TCL_STRING(obj)       ((obj)->typePtr == Tcl_ObjType_String)
-#define IS_TCL_VALID_STRING(obj) ((obj)->bytes != (char*)NULL)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef HAVE_RB_HASH_LOOKUP
-#define rb_hash_lookup rb_hash_aref
-#endif
+static VALUE tk_funcall _((VALUE(), int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 
 /* safe Tcl_Eval and Tcl_GlobalEval */
 static int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-tcl_eval(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *cmd)
-#else
 tcl_eval(interp, cmd)
     Tcl_Interp *interp;
     const char *cmd; /* don't have to be writable */
-#endif
 {
     char *buf = strdup(cmd);
     int ret;
@@ -216,13 +143,9 @@ tcl_eval(interp, cmd)
 #define Tcl_Eval tcl_eval
 
 static int
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-tcl_global_eval(Tcl_Interp *interp, const char *cmd)
-#else
 tcl_global_eval(interp, cmd)
     Tcl_Interp *interp;
     const char *cmd; /* don't have to be writable */
-#endif
 {
     char *buf = strdup(cmd);
     int ret;
@@ -393,29 +316,12 @@ call_queue_mark(struct call_queue *q)
 
 
 static VALUE eventloop_thread;
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-Tcl_ThreadId tk_eventloop_thread_id;  /* native thread ID of Tcl interpreter */
-#endif
 static VALUE eventloop_stack;
-static int   window_event_mode = ( ~ TCL_IDLE_EVENTS | TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS );
 
 static VALUE watchdog_thread;
 
 Tcl_Interp  *current_interp;
-
-/* thread control strategy */ 
-/* multi-tk works with the following settings only ???
-    : CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE 1
-    : USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE 0
-    : DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE 0
-*/
-#define CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE 1
-#define USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE 0
-#define DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE 0
-
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
-static int have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 0;
-#endif
+ 
 
 /* 
  *  'event_loop_max' is a maximum events which the eventloop processes in one 
@@ -424,21 +330,12 @@ static int have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 0;
  *  'timer_tick' is a limit of one term of thread scheduling. 
  *  If 'timer_tick' == 0, then not use the timer for thread scheduling.
  */
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#define DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX        800/*counts*/
-#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_TICK          10/*counts*/
-#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_WAIT          10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#define WATCHDOG_INTERVAL              10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#define DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK              0/*milliseconds ( 0 -- 999 ) */
-#define NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME      100/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#else /* ! RUBY_VM */
-#define DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX        800/*counts*/
-#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_TICK          10/*counts*/
-#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_WAIT          20/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#define WATCHDOG_INTERVAL              10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#define DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK              0/*milliseconds ( 0 -- 999 ) */
-#define NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME      100/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#endif
+#define DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX    800/*counts*/
+#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_TICK      10/*counts*/
+#define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_WAIT      20/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
+#define WATCHDOG_INTERVAL          10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
+#define DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK          0/*milliseconds ( 0 -- 999 ) */
+#define NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME  100/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
 
 static int event_loop_max = DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX;
 static int no_event_tick  = DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_TICK;
@@ -673,9 +570,6 @@ struct tcltkip {
 #if TCL_NAMESPACE_DEBUG
     Tcl_Namespace *default_ns;   /* default namespace */
 #endif
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    Tcl_ThreadId tk_thread_id;   /* native thread ID of Tcl interpreter */
-#endif
     int has_orig_exit;           /* has original 'exit' command ? */
     Tcl_CmdInfo orig_exit_info;  /* command info of original 'exit' command */
     int ref_count;               /* reference count of rbtk_preserve_ip call */
@@ -711,9 +605,9 @@ deleted_ip(ptr)
 #endif
     ) {
         DUMP1("ip is deleted");
-        return 1;
+        return Qtrue;
     }
-    return 0;
+    return Qfalse;
 }
 
 /* increment/decrement reference count of tcltkip */
@@ -866,10 +760,6 @@ tcltkip_init_tk(interp)
     }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    ptr->tk_thread_id = Tcl_GetCurrentThread();
-#endif
-
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -877,7 +767,6 @@ tcltkip_init_tk(interp)
 /* treat excetiopn on Tcl side */
 static VALUE rbtk_pending_exception;
 static int rbtk_eventloop_depth = 0;
-static int rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler = 0;
 
 
 static int
@@ -887,9 +776,7 @@ pending_exception_check0()
 
     if (!NIL_P(exc) && rb_obj_is_kind_of(exc, rb_eException)) {
         DUMP1("find a pending exception");
-        if (rbtk_eventloop_depth > 0 
-	    || rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler > 0
-	    ) {
+        if (rbtk_eventloop_depth > 0) {
             return 1; /* pending */
         } else {
             rbtk_pending_exception = Qnil;
@@ -922,9 +809,7 @@ pending_exception_check1(thr_crit_bup, ptr)
     if (!NIL_P(exc) && rb_obj_is_kind_of(exc, rb_eException)) {
         DUMP1("find a pending exception");
 
-        if (rbtk_eventloop_depth > 0
-	    || rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler > 0
-	    ) {
+        if (rbtk_eventloop_depth > 0) {
             return 1; /* pending */
         } else {
             rbtk_pending_exception = Qnil;
@@ -963,10 +848,8 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
     int  thr_crit_bup;
     Tcl_CmdInfo *info;
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
-    Tcl_Obj *cmd_obj;
     Tcl_Obj *state_obj;
 #endif
-    DUMP1("original_exit is called");
 
     if (!(ptr->has_orig_exit)) return;
 
@@ -984,55 +867,20 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
 
     if (info->isNativeObjectProc) {
         Tcl_Obj **argv;
-#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
         argv = (Tcl_Obj **)ALLOC_N(Tcl_Obj *, 3);
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-        argv = (Tcl_Obj **)ckalloc(sizeof(Tcl_Obj *) * 3);
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
-#endif
-	cmd_obj = Tcl_NewStringObj("exit", 4);
-	Tcl_IncrRefCount(cmd_obj);
-
-        argv[0] = cmd_obj;
+        argv[0] = Tcl_NewStringObj("exit", 4);
         argv[1] = state_obj;
         argv[2] = (Tcl_Obj *)NULL;
 
         ptr->return_value 
             = (*(info->objProc))(info->objClientData, ptr->ip, 2, argv);
 
-	Tcl_DecrRefCount(cmd_obj);
-
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
         free(argv);
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-        /* free(argv); */
-        ckfree((char*)argv);
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
 
     } else {
         /* string interface */
         char **argv;
-#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
-        argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3); /* XXXXXXXXXX */
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-        argv = (char **)ckalloc(sizeof(char *) * 3);
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
-#endif
+        argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3);
         argv[0] = "exit";
         /* argv[1] = Tcl_GetString(state_obj); */
         argv[1] = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(state_obj, (int*)NULL);
@@ -1041,21 +889,7 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
         ptr->return_value = (*(info->proc))(info->clientData, ptr->ip, 
                                             2, (CONST84 char **)argv);
 
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
         free(argv);
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-        /* free(argv); */
-        ckfree((char*)argv);
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
     }
 
     Tcl_DecrRefCount(state_obj);
@@ -1064,40 +898,17 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
     {
         /* string interface */
         char **argv;
-#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
         argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3);
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-        argv = (char **)ckalloc(sizeof(char *) * 3);
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
-#endif
         argv[0] = "exit";
-        argv[1] = RSTRING_PTR(rb_fix2str(INT2NUM(state), 10));
+        argv[1] = RSTRING(rb_fix2str(INT2NUM(state), 10))->ptr;
         argv[2] = (char *)NULL;
 
         ptr->return_value = (*(info->proc))(info->clientData, ptr->ip, 
                                             2, argv);
 
-#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
         free(argv);
-#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-        /* free(argv); */
-        ckfree(argv);
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
     }
 #endif
-    DUMP1("complete original_exit");
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 }
@@ -1138,53 +949,6 @@ _timer_for_tcl(clientData)
     /* tick_counter += event_loop_max; */
 }
 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE
-static int
-toggle_eventloop_window_mode_for_idle()
-{
-  if (window_event_mode & TCL_IDLE_EVENTS) {
-    /* idle -> event */
-    window_event_mode |= TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS;
-    window_event_mode &= ~TCL_IDLE_EVENTS;
-    return 1;
-  } else {
-    /* event -> idle */
-    window_event_mode |= TCL_IDLE_EVENTS;
-    window_event_mode &= ~TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS;
-    return 0;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-static VALUE
-set_eventloop_window_mode(self, mode)
-    VALUE self;
-    VALUE mode;
-{
-    rb_secure(4);
-
-    if (RTEST(mode)) {
-      window_event_mode = ~0;
-    } else {
-      window_event_mode = ~(TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS | TCL_IDLE_EVENTS);
-    }
-
-    return mode;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-get_eventloop_window_mode(self)
-    VALUE self;
-{
-    if ( ~window_event_mode ) {
-      return Qfalse;
-    } else {
-      return Qtrue;
-    }
-}
-
 static VALUE
 set_eventloop_tick(self, tick)
     VALUE self;
@@ -1373,15 +1137,15 @@ set_max_block_time(self, time)
     case T_BIGNUM:
         /* time is micro-second value */
         divmod = rb_funcall(time, rb_intern("divmod"), 1, LONG2NUM(1000000));
-        tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_PTR(divmod)[0]);
-        tcl_time.usec = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_PTR(divmod)[1]);
+        tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[0]);
+        tcl_time.usec = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[1]);
         break;
 
     case T_FLOAT:
         /* time is second value */
         divmod = rb_funcall(time, rb_intern("divmod"), 1, INT2FIX(1));
-        tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY_PTR(divmod)[0]);
-        tcl_time.usec = (long)(NUM2DBL(RARRAY_PTR(divmod)[1]) * 1000000);
+        tcl_time.sec  = NUM2LONG(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[0]);
+        tcl_time.usec = (long)(NUM2DBL(RARRAY(divmod)->ptr[1]) * 1000000);
 
     default:
         {
@@ -1465,10 +1229,8 @@ ip_evloop_abort_on_exc_set(self, val)
 }
 
 static VALUE
-lib_num_of_mainwindows_core(self, argc, argv)
+lib_num_of_mainwindows(self)
     VALUE self;
-    int   argc;   /* dummy */
-    VALUE *argv;  /* dummy */
 {
     if (tk_stubs_init_p()) {
         return INT2FIX(Tk_GetNumMainWindows());
@@ -1477,41 +1239,7 @@ lib_num_of_mainwindows_core(self, argc, argv)
     }
 }
 
-static VALUE
-lib_num_of_mainwindows(self)
-    VALUE self;
-{
-#ifdef RUBY_VM  /* Ruby 1.9+ !!! */
-    return tk_funcall(lib_num_of_mainwindows_core, 0, (VALUE*)NULL, self);
-#else
-    return lib_num_of_mainwindows_core(self, 0, (VALUE*)NULL);
-#endif
-}
-
-
-#ifdef RUBY_VM  /* Ruby 1.9+ !!! */
-static VALUE
-call_DoOneEvent_core(flag_val)
-    VALUE flag_val;
-{
-    int flag;
-
-    flag = FIX2INT(flag_val);
-    if (Tcl_DoOneEvent(flag)) {
-        return Qtrue;
-    } else {
-        return Qfalse;
-    }
-}
-
-static VALUE
-call_DoOneEvent(flag_val)
-    VALUE flag_val;
-{
-  return tk_funcall(call_DoOneEvent_core, 0, (VALUE*)NULL, flag_val);
-}
 
-#else  /* Ruby 1.8- */
 static VALUE
 call_DoOneEvent(flag_val)
     VALUE flag_val;
@@ -1525,8 +1253,6 @@ call_DoOneEvent(flag_val)
         return Qfalse;
     }
 }
-#endif
-
 
 static VALUE
 eventloop_sleep(dummy)
@@ -1538,77 +1264,22 @@ eventloop_sleep(dummy)
     t.tv_usec = (time_t)(no_event_wait*1000.0);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on eventloop_sleep()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
         rb_bug("cross-thread violation on eventloop_sleep()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
 
-    DUMP2("eventloop_sleep: rb_thread_wait_for() at thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
     rb_thread_wait_for(t);
-    DUMP2("eventloop_sleep: finish at thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
 
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on eventloop_sleep()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
         rb_bug("cross-thread violation on eventloop_sleep()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
 
     return Qnil;
 }
 
-#define USE_EVLOOP_THREAD_ALONE_CHECK_FLAG 0
-
-#if USE_EVLOOP_THREAD_ALONE_CHECK_FLAG
-static int
-get_thread_alone_check_flag()
-{
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-  return 0;
-#else
-  set_tcltk_version();
-
-  if (tcltk_version.major < 8) {
-    /* Tcl/Tk 7.x */
-    return 1;
-  } else if (tcltk_version.major == 8) {
-    if (tcltk_version.minor < 5) {
-      /* Tcl/Tk 8.0 - 8.4 */
-      return 1;
-    } else if (tcltk_version.minor == 5) {
-      if (tcltk_version.type < TCL_FINAL_RELEASE) {
-	/* Tcl/Tk 8.5a? - 8.5b? */
-	return 1;
-      } else {
-	/* Tcl/Tk 8.5.x */
-	return 0;
-      }
-    } else {
-      /* Tcl/Tk 8.6 - 8.9 ?? */
-      return 0;
-    }
-  } else {
-    /* Tcl/Tk 9+ ?? */
-    return 0;
-  }
-#endif
-}
-#endif
 
 static int
 lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
@@ -1624,9 +1295,7 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
     int thr_crit_bup;
     int status;
     int depth = rbtk_eventloop_depth;
-#if USE_EVLOOP_THREAD_ALONE_CHECK_FLAG
-    int thread_alone_check_flag = 1;
-#endif
+
 
     if (update_flag) DUMP1("update loop start!!");
 
@@ -1645,25 +1314,15 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
         timer_token = (Tcl_TimerToken)NULL;
     }
 
-#if USE_EVLOOP_THREAD_ALONE_CHECK_FLAG
-    /* version check */
-    thread_alone_check_flag = get_thread_alone_check_flag();
-#endif
-
     for(;;) {
-#if USE_EVLOOP_THREAD_ALONE_CHECK_FLAG
-        if (thread_alone_check_flag && rb_thread_alone()) {
-#else
         if (rb_thread_alone()) {
-#endif
             DUMP1("no other thread");
             event_loop_wait_event = 0;
 
             if (update_flag) {
                 event_flag = update_flag | TCL_DONT_WAIT; /* for safety */
             } else {
-	        event_flag = TCL_ALL_EVENTS;
-	        /* event_flag = TCL_ALL_EVENTS | TCL_DONT_WAIT; */
+                event_flag = TCL_ALL_EVENTS;
             }
 
             if (timer_tick == 0 && update_flag == 0) {
@@ -1690,19 +1349,11 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
             if (status) {
                 switch (status) {
                 case TAG_RAISE:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                    if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                     if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                         rbtk_pending_exception 
                             = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, "unknown exception");
                     } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                        rbtk_pending_exception = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                         rbtk_pending_exception = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
 
                         if (!NIL_P(rbtk_pending_exception)) {
                             if (rbtk_eventloop_depth == 0) {
@@ -1717,18 +1368,10 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                     break;
 
                 case TAG_FATAL:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                    if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                     if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                         rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new2(rb_eFatal, "FATAL"));
                     } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                        rb_exc_raise(rb_errinfo());
-#else
                         rb_exc_raise(ruby_errinfo);
-#endif
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1819,56 +1462,19 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                 if (NIL_P(eventloop_thread) || current == eventloop_thread) {
                     int st;
                     int status;
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-		    if (update_flag) {
-		      st = RTEST(rb_protect(call_DoOneEvent, 
-					    INT2FIX(event_flag), &status)); 
-		    } else {
-		      st = RTEST(rb_protect(call_DoOneEvent, 
-					    INT2FIX(event_flag & window_event_mode), 
-					    &status)); 
-#if USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE
-		      if (!st) {
-			if (toggle_eventloop_window_mode_for_idle()) {
-			  /* idle-mode -> event-mode*/
-			  tick_counter = event_loop_max;
-			} else {
-			  /* event-mode -> idle-mode */
-			  tick_counter = 0;
-			}
-		      }
-#endif
-		    }
-#else
+
                     /* st = Tcl_DoOneEvent(event_flag); */
                     st = RTEST(rb_protect(call_DoOneEvent, 
                                           INT2FIX(event_flag), &status)); 
-#endif
-
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
-		    if (have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value) {
-		      have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 0;
-		      rb_thread_schedule();
-		    }
-#endif
-
                     if (status) {
                         switch (status) {
                         case TAG_RAISE:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                                 rbtk_pending_exception 
                                     = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, 
                                                   "unknown exception");
                             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                rbtk_pending_exception = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                                 rbtk_pending_exception = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
 
                                 if (!NIL_P(rbtk_pending_exception)) {
                                     if (rbtk_eventloop_depth == 0) {
@@ -1883,18 +1489,10 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                             break;
 
                         case TAG_FATAL:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                                 rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new2(rb_eFatal, "FATAL"));
                             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                rb_exc_raise(rb_errinfo());
-#else
                                 rb_exc_raise(ruby_errinfo);
-#endif
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -1938,26 +1536,17 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                         tick_counter += no_event_tick;
 
                         /* rb_thread_wait_for(t); */
-
                         rb_protect(eventloop_sleep, Qnil, &status);
 
                         if (status) {
                             switch (status) {
                             case TAG_RAISE:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                                 if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                                     rbtk_pending_exception 
                                         = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, 
                                                       "unknown exception");
                                 } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                    rbtk_pending_exception = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                                     rbtk_pending_exception = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
 
                                     if (!NIL_P(rbtk_pending_exception)) {
                                         if (rbtk_eventloop_depth == 0) {
@@ -1972,19 +1561,11 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                                 break;
 
                             case TAG_FATAL:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
                                 if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                                     rb_exc_raise(rb_exc_new2(rb_eFatal, 
                                                              "FATAL"));
                                 } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                                    rb_exc_raise(rb_errinfo());
-#else
                                     rb_exc_raise(ruby_errinfo);
-#endif
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -1993,8 +1574,7 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                 } else {
                     DUMP2("sleep eventloop %lx", current);
                     DUMP2("eventloop thread is %lx", eventloop_thread);
-                    /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-                    rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+                    rb_thread_stop();
                 }
 
                 if (!NIL_P(watchdog_thread) && eventloop_thread != current) {
@@ -2039,17 +1619,10 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                     break; /* switch to other thread */
                 }
             }
-
-            DUMP1("thread scheduling");
-            rb_thread_schedule();
         }
 
         DUMP1("trap check & thread scheduling");
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-        /* if (update_flag == 0) CHECK_INTS; */ /*XXXXXXXXXXXXX  TODO !!!! */
-#else
         if (update_flag == 0) CHECK_INTS;
-#endif
 
     }
     return 1;
@@ -2096,35 +1669,19 @@ lib_eventloop_main(args)
 
     switch (status) {
     case TAG_RAISE:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-        if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
         if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
             rbtk_pending_exception 
                 = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, "unknown exception");
         } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            rbtk_pending_exception = rb_errinfo();
-#else
             rbtk_pending_exception = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
         }
         return Qnil;
 
     case TAG_FATAL:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-        if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
         if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
             rbtk_pending_exception = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFatal, "FATAL");
         } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            rbtk_pending_exception = rb_errinfo();
-#else
             rbtk_pending_exception = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
         }
         return Qnil;
     }
@@ -2148,7 +1705,6 @@ lib_eventloop_ensure(args)
 	rb_thread_critical = ptr->thr_crit_bup;
 
         free(ptr);
-        /* ckfree((char*)ptr); */
 
         return Qnil;
     }
@@ -2170,8 +1726,7 @@ lib_eventloop_ensure(args)
           break; 
         }
 
-        /* if (RTEST(rb_funcall(eventloop_thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) { */
-	if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(eventloop_thread))) {
+        if (RTEST(rb_funcall(eventloop_thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
             DUMP2("eventloop-enshure: wake up parent %lx", eventloop_thread);
             rb_thread_wakeup(eventloop_thread);
 
@@ -2179,16 +1734,9 @@ lib_eventloop_ensure(args)
         }
     }
 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    if (NIL_P(eventloop_thread)) {
-        tk_eventloop_thread_id = (Tcl_ThreadId) 0;
-    }
-#endif
-
     rb_thread_critical = ptr->thr_crit_bup;
 
     free(ptr);
-    /* ckfree((char*)ptr);*/
 
     DUMP2("finish current eventloop %lx", current_evloop);
     return Qnil;
@@ -2203,14 +1751,10 @@ lib_eventloop_launcher(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
 {
     volatile VALUE parent_evloop = eventloop_thread;
     struct evloop_params *args = ALLOC(struct evloop_params);
-    /* struct evloop_params *args = (struct evloop_params *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct evloop_params)); */
 
     tcl_stubs_check();
 
     eventloop_thread = rb_thread_current();
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    tk_eventloop_thread_id = Tcl_GetCurrentThread();
-#endif
 
     if (parent_evloop == eventloop_thread) {
         DUMP2("eventloop: recursive call on %lx", parent_evloop);
@@ -2361,9 +1905,6 @@ lib_watchdog_ensure(arg)
     VALUE arg;
 {
     eventloop_thread = Qnil; /* stop eventloops */
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    tk_eventloop_thread_id = (Tcl_ThreadId) 0;
-#endif
     return Qnil;
 }
 
@@ -2375,11 +1916,6 @@ lib_mainloop_watchdog(argc, argv, self)
 {
     VALUE check_rootwidget;
 
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-    rb_raise(rb_eNotImpError, 
-	     "eventloop_watchdog is not implemented on Ruby VM.");
-#endif
-
     if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &check_rootwidget) == 0) {
         check_rootwidget = Qtrue;
     } else if (RTEST(check_rootwidget)) {
@@ -2474,10 +2010,8 @@ lib_thread_callback(argc, argv, self)
     }
 
     q = (struct thread_call_proc_arg *)ALLOC(struct thread_call_proc_arg);
-    /* q = (struct thread_call_proc_arg *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct thread_call_proc_arg)); */
     q->proc = proc;
     q->done = (int*)ALLOC(int);
-    /* q->done = (int*)ckalloc(sizeof(int)); */
     *(q->done) = 0;
 
     /* create call-proc thread */
@@ -2489,8 +2023,7 @@ lib_thread_callback(argc, argv, self)
     foundEvent = RTEST(lib_eventloop_launcher(/* not check root-widget */0, 0, 
                                               q->done, (Tcl_Interp*)NULL));
 
-    /* if (RTEST(rb_funcall(th, ID_alive_p, 0))) { */
-    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(th))) {
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(th, ID_alive_p, 0))) {
         rb_funcall(th, ID_kill, 0);
         ret = Qnil;
     } else {
@@ -2499,21 +2032,12 @@ lib_thread_callback(argc, argv, self)
 
     free(q->done);
     free(q);
-    /* ckfree((char*)q->done); */
-    /* ckfree((char*)q); */
 
     if (NIL_P(rbtk_pending_exception)) {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-        /* return rb_errinfo(); */
-        if (status) {
-            rb_exc_raise(rb_errinfo());
-        }
-#else
         /* return ruby_errinfo; */
         if (status) {
             rb_exc_raise(ruby_errinfo);
         }
-#endif
     } else {
         VALUE exc = rbtk_pending_exception;
         rbtk_pending_exception = Qnil;
@@ -2631,35 +2155,28 @@ ip_set_exc_message(interp, exc)
     if (NIL_P(enc)) {
         encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
     } else if (TYPE(enc) == T_STRING) {
-        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
     } else {
         enc = rb_funcall(enc, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
-        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING(enc)->ptr);
     }
 
     /* to avoid a garbled error message dialog */
-    /* buf = ALLOC_N(char, (RSTRING(msg)->len)+1);*/
-    /* memcpy(buf, RSTRING(msg)->ptr, RSTRING(msg)->len);*/
-    /* buf[RSTRING(msg)->len] = 0; */
-    buf = ALLOC_N(char, RSTRING_LEN(msg)+1);
-    /* buf = ckalloc(sizeof(char)*((RSTRING_LEN(msg))+1)); */
-    memcpy(buf, RSTRING_PTR(msg), RSTRING_LEN(msg));
-    buf[RSTRING_LEN(msg)] = 0;
+    buf = ALLOC_N(char, (RSTRING(msg)->len)+1);
+    memcpy(buf, RSTRING(msg)->ptr, RSTRING(msg)->len);
+    buf[RSTRING(msg)->len] = 0;
 
     Tcl_DStringInit(&dstr);
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
-    Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding, buf, RSTRING_LEN(msg), &dstr);
+    Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString(encoding, buf, RSTRING(msg)->len, &dstr);
 
     Tcl_AppendResult(interp, Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr), (char*)NULL);
     DUMP2("error message:%s", Tcl_DStringValue(&dstr));
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
     free(buf);
-    /* ckfree(buf); */
 
 #else /* TCL_VERSION <= 8.0 */
-    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING_PTR(msg), (char*)NULL);
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(msg)->ptr, (char*)NULL);
 #endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -2704,15 +2221,12 @@ tcl_protect_core(interp, proc, data) /* should not raise exception */
     int status = 0;
     int thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
 
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
-
     rb_thread_critical = Qfalse;
     ret = rb_protect(proc, data, &status);
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
     if (status) {
         char *buf;
-        VALUE old_gc;
-        volatile VALUE type, str;
+        VALUE old_gc, type, str;
 
         old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
 
@@ -2728,104 +2242,58 @@ tcl_protect_core(interp, proc, data) /* should not raise exception */
             goto error;
         error:
             str = rb_str_new2("LocalJumpError: ");
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            rb_str_append(str, rb_obj_as_string(rb_errinfo()));
-#else
             rb_str_append(str, rb_obj_as_string(ruby_errinfo));
-#endif
             exc = rb_exc_new3(type, str);
             break;
 
         case TAG_RETRY:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                 DUMP1("rb_protect: retry");
                 exc = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackRetry, "retry jump error");
             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                exc = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                 exc = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
             }
             break;
 
         case TAG_REDO:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                 DUMP1("rb_protect: redo");
                 exc = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackRedo,  "redo jump error");
             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                exc = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                 exc = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
             }
             break;
 
         case TAG_RAISE:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                 exc = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, "unknown exception");
             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                exc = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                 exc = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
             }
             break;
 
         case TAG_FATAL:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                 exc = rb_exc_new2(rb_eFatal, "FATAL");
             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                exc = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                 exc = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
             }
             break;
 
         case TAG_THROW:
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-            if (NIL_P(rb_errinfo())) {
-#else
             if (NIL_P(ruby_errinfo)) {
-#endif
                 DUMP1("rb_protect: throw");
                 exc = rb_exc_new2(eTkCallbackThrow,  "throw jump error");
             } else {
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-                exc = rb_errinfo();
-#else
                 exc = ruby_errinfo;
-#endif
             }
             break;
 
         default:
             buf = ALLOC_N(char, 256);
-            /* buf = ckalloc(sizeof(char) * 256); */
             sprintf(buf, "unknown loncaljmp status %d", status);
             exc = rb_exc_new2(rb_eException, buf);
             free(buf);
-            /* ckfree(buf); */
             break;
         }
 
@@ -2903,12 +2371,12 @@ tcl_protect_core(interp, proc, data) /* should not raise exception */
 
         ret = TkStringValue(ret);
         DUMP1("Tcl_AppendResult");
-        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING_PTR(ret), (char *)NULL);
+        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, RSTRING(ret)->ptr, (char *)NULL);
 
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
     }
 
-    DUMP2("(result) %s", NIL_P(ret) ? "nil" : RSTRING_PTR(ret));
+    DUMP2("(result) %s", NIL_P(ret) ? "nil" : RSTRING(ret)->ptr);
 
     return TCL_OK;
 }
@@ -2923,18 +2391,10 @@ tcl_protect(interp, proc, data)
     int code;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on tcl_protect()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
         rb_bug("cross-thread violation on tcl_protect()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
 
     rb_trap_immediate = 0;
     code = tcl_protect_core(interp, proc, data);
@@ -2996,7 +2456,6 @@ ip_ruby_eval(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 
       str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[1], &len);
       arg = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
-      /* arg = ckalloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 1)); */
       memcpy(arg, str, len);
       arg[len] = 0;
 
@@ -3014,7 +2473,6 @@ ip_ruby_eval(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
     free(arg);
-    /* ckfree(arg); */
 #endif
 
     return code;
@@ -3039,96 +2497,6 @@ ip_ruby_cmd_core(arg)
     return ret;
 }
 
-#define SUPPORT_NESTED_CONST_AS_IP_RUBY_CMD_RECEIVER 1
-
-static VALUE
-ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_const_get(name)
-     char *name;
-{
-  volatile VALUE klass = rb_cObject;
-  char *head, *tail;
-  int state;
-
-#if SUPPORT_NESTED_CONST_AS_IP_RUBY_CMD_RECEIVER
-  klass = rb_eval_string_protect(name, &state);
-  if (state) {
-    return Qnil;
-  } else {
-    return klass;
-  }
-#else
-  return rb_const_get(klass, rb_intern(name));
-#endif
-
-  /* TODO!!!!!! */
-  /* support nest of classes/modules */
-
-  /* return rb_eval_string(name); */
-  /* return rb_eval_string_protect(name, &state); */
-
-#if 0 /* doesn't work!! (fail to autoload?) */
-  /* duplicate */
-  head = name = strdup(name);
-
-  /* has '::' at head ? */
-  if (*head == ':')  head += 2;
-  tail = head; 
-
-  /* search */
-  while(*tail) {
-    if (*tail == ':') {
-      *tail = '\0';
-      klass = rb_const_get(klass, rb_intern(head));
-      tail += 2;
-      head = tail;
-    } else {
-      tail++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  free(name);
-  return rb_const_get(klass, rb_intern(head));
-#endif
-}
-
-static VALUE
-ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_get(str)
-     char *str;
-{
-  volatile VALUE receiver;
-  volatile VALUE klass = rb_cObject;
-  int state;
-
-  if (str[0] == ':' || ('A' <= str[0] && str[0] <= 'Z')) {
-    /* class | module | constant */
-#if SUPPORT_NESTED_CONST_AS_IP_RUBY_CMD_RECEIVER
-    receiver = ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_const_get(str);
-#else
-    receiver = rb_protect(ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_const_get, (VALUE)str, &state);
-    if (state) return Qnil;
-#endif
-  } else if (str[0] == '$') {
-    /* global variable */
-    receiver = rb_gv_get(str);
-  } else {
-    /* global variable omitted '$' */
-    char *buf;
-    int len;
-
-    len = strlen(str);
-    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 2);
-    /* buf = ckalloc(sizeof(char) * (len + 2)); */
-    buf[0] = '$';
-    memcpy(buf + 1, str, len);
-    buf[len + 1] = 0;
-    receiver = rb_gv_get(buf);
-    free(buf);
-    /* ckfree(buf); */
-  }
-
-  return receiver;
-}
-
 /* ruby_cmd receiver method arg ... */
 static int
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
@@ -3174,6 +2542,9 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 #endif
     }
 
+    /* allocate */
+    arg = ALLOC(struct cmd_body_arg);
+
     /* get arguments from Tcl objects */
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
@@ -3186,8 +2557,24 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     str = argv[1];
 #endif
     DUMP2("receiver:%s",str);
-    /* receiver = rb_protect(ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_get, (VALUE)str, &code); */
-    receiver = ip_ruby_cmd_receiver_get(str);
+    if (str[0] == ':' || ('A' <= str[0] && str[0] <= 'Z')) {
+        /* class | module | constant */
+        receiver = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern(str));
+    } else if (str[0] == '$') {
+        /* global variable */
+        receiver = rb_gv_get(str);
+    } else {
+        /* global variable omitted '$' */
+        char *buf;
+
+        len = strlen(str);
+        buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 2);
+        buf[0] = '$';
+        memcpy(buf + 1, str, len);
+        buf[len + 1] = 0;
+        receiver = rb_gv_get(buf);
+        free(buf);
+    }
     if (NIL_P(receiver)) {
 #if 0
         rb_raise(rb_eArgError, 
@@ -3198,7 +2585,6 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
                          str, "'", (char *)NULL);
         rbtk_pending_exception = rb_exc_new2(rb_eArgError, 
                                              Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
-        if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
         return TCL_ERROR;
 #endif
     }
@@ -3213,36 +2599,21 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 
     /* get args */
     args = rb_ary_new2(argc - 2);
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#else
     RARRAY(args)->len = 0;
-#endif
     for(i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
         str = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(argv[i], &len);
         DUMP2("arg:%s",str);
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-	rb_ary_push(args, rb_tainted_str_new(str, len));
-#else
         RARRAY(args)->ptr[RARRAY(args)->len++] = rb_tainted_str_new(str, len);
-#endif
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
         DUMP2("arg:%s",argv[i]);
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-	rb_ary_push(args, rb_tainted_str_new2(argv[i]));
-#else
         RARRAY(args)->ptr[RARRAY(args)->len++] = rb_tainted_str_new2(argv[i]);
 #endif
-#endif
     }
 
     if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-    /* allocate */
-    arg = ALLOC(struct cmd_body_arg);
-    /* arg = (struct cmd_body_arg *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct cmd_body_arg)); */
-
     arg->receiver = receiver;
     arg->method = method;
     arg->args = args;
@@ -3251,7 +2622,6 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     code = tcl_protect(interp, ip_ruby_cmd_core, (VALUE)arg);
 
     free(arg);
-    /* ckfree((char*)arg); */
 
     return code;
 }
@@ -3429,20 +2799,10 @@ ip_rbUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_eval()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
         rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_eval()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
-
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc == 1) {
         flags = TCL_DONT_WAIT;
@@ -3586,18 +2946,10 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand()");
+        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_eval()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
 
     if (rb_thread_alone() 
         || NIL_P(eventloop_thread) || eventloop_thread == current_thread) {
@@ -3612,8 +2964,6 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     DUMP1("start Ruby's 'thread_update' body");
 
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
-
     if (objc == 1) {
         flags = TCL_DONT_WAIT;
 
@@ -3660,11 +3010,8 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     DUMP1("pass argument check");
 
-    /* param = (struct th_update_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_update_param)); */
-    param = (struct th_update_param *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct th_update_param));
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+    param = (struct th_update_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_update_param));
+    Tcl_Preserve(param);
     param->thread = current_thread;
     param->done = 0;
 
@@ -3673,20 +3020,11 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     while(!param->done) {
         DUMP1("wait for complete idle proc");
-        /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-        rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+        rb_thread_stop();
     }
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#else
-    /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-    ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+    Tcl_Release(param);
+    Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
     DUMP1("finish Ruby's 'thread_update'");
     return TCL_OK;
@@ -3785,20 +3123,10 @@ ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
 #ifdef HAVE_NATIVETHREAD
-#ifdef RUBY_VM
-#if 0
-    if (!ruby_native_thread_p()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_rbVwaitCommand()");
-    }
-#endif
-#else
     if (!is_ruby_native_thread()) {
-        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_rbVwaitCommand()");
+        rb_bug("cross-thread violation on ip_ruby_eval()");
     }
 #endif
-#endif
-
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc != 2) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
@@ -4035,7 +3363,6 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #endif
 
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc != 3) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
@@ -4189,7 +3516,6 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
         rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
-	/* This function works on the Tk eventloop thread only. */
         if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || Tk_MainWindow(interp) == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
             window = NULL;
         } else {
@@ -4197,7 +3523,7 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         }
 
         if (window == NULL) {
-            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, ": tkwait: ", 
+            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "tkwait: ", 
                              "no main-window (not Tk application?)", 
                              (char*)NULL);
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -4286,8 +3612,7 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     case TKWAIT_WINDOW:
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
         rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
-
-	/* This function works on the Tk eventloop thread only. */
+            
         if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || Tk_MainWindow(interp) == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
             window = NULL;
         } else {
@@ -4299,7 +3624,7 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #endif
 
         if (window == NULL) {
-            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, ": tkwait: ", 
+            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "tkwait: ", 
                              "no main-window (not Tk application?)", 
                              (char*)NULL);
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -4392,7 +3717,7 @@ rb_threadVwaitProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     } else {
         param->done = 1;
     }
-    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 
     return (char *)NULL;
 }
@@ -4414,7 +3739,7 @@ rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY;
     }
-    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 }
 
 static void rb_threadWaitWindowProc _((ClientData, XEvent *));
@@ -4428,7 +3753,7 @@ rb_threadWaitWindowProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY;
     }
-    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 }
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
@@ -4471,7 +3796,6 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     }
 
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc != 2) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
@@ -4506,11 +3830,8 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
-    /* param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param)); */
-    param = (struct th_vwait_param *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+    param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
+    Tcl_Preserve(param);
     param->thread = current_thread;
     param->done = 0;
 
@@ -4528,16 +3849,8 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
     if (ret != TCL_OK) {
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-        Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#else
-        /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-        ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+        Tcl_Release(param);
+        Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
         Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[1]);
@@ -4546,9 +3859,9 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 
+    /* if (!param->done) { */
     while(!param->done) {
-        /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-        rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+        rb_thread_stop();
     }
 
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4560,16 +3873,8 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
                        rb_threadVwaitProc, (ClientData) param);
     }
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#else
-    /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-    ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+    Tcl_Release(param);
+    Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
@@ -4628,8 +3933,6 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
     Tcl_Preserve(tkwin);
 
-    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
-
     if (objc != 3) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "variable|visibility|window name");
@@ -4712,11 +4015,8 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     nameString = objv[2];
 #endif
 
-    /* param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param)); */
-    param = (struct th_vwait_param *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+    param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
+    Tcl_Preserve(param);
     param->thread = current_thread;
     param->done = 0;
 
@@ -4740,16 +4040,8 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
         if (ret != TCL_OK) {
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-            Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#else
-            /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-            ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+            Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4760,9 +4052,9 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
             return TCL_ERROR;
         }
 
+        /* if (!param->done) { */
         while(!param->done) {
-            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+            rb_thread_stop();
         }
 
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4786,43 +4078,21 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
         rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
-#if 0 /* variable 'tkwin' must keep the token of MainWindow */
         if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || Tk_MainWindow(interp) == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
             window = NULL;
         } else {
             window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
         }
-#else
-        if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || tkwin == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
-            window = NULL;
-	} else {
-            /* Tk_NameToWindow() returns right token on non-eventloop thread */
-            Tcl_CmdInfo info;
-            if (Tcl_GetCommandInfo(interp, ".", &info)) { /* check root */
-                window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
-            } else {
-                window = NULL;
-            }
-	}
-#endif
 
         if (window == NULL) {
-            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, ": thread_tkwait: ", 
+            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "thread_tkwait: ", 
                              "no main-window (not Tk application?)", 
                              (char*)NULL);
 
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#else
-            /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-            ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+            Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4839,10 +4109,15 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
+        /* if (!param->done) { */
+        /*
+        while(!param->done) {
+            rb_thread_stop();
+        }
+        */
         while(param->done != TKWAIT_MODE_VISIBILITY) {
             if (param->done == TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY) break;
-            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+            rb_thread_stop();
         }
 
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4866,16 +4141,8 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
             Tcl_Release(window);
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#else
-            /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-            ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+            Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4900,47 +4167,25 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
         rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
-#if 0 /* variable 'tkwin' must keep the token of MainWindow */
         if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || Tk_MainWindow(interp) == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
             window = NULL;
         } else {
             window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
         }
-#else
-        if (!tk_stubs_init_p() || tkwin == (Tk_Window)NULL) {
-            window = NULL;
-	} else {
-            /* Tk_NameToWindow() returns right token on non-eventloop thread */
-            Tcl_CmdInfo info;
-            if (Tcl_GetCommandInfo(interp, ".", &info)) { /* check root */
-                window = Tk_NameToWindow(interp, nameString, tkwin);
-            } else {
-                window = NULL;
-            }
-	}
-#endif
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
         Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
 #endif
 
         if (window == NULL) {
-            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, ": thread_tkwait: ", 
+            Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "thread_tkwait: ", 
                              "no main-window (not Tk application?)", 
                              (char*)NULL);
 
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#else
-            /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-            ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+            Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
             Tcl_Release(tkwin);
             Tcl_Release(interp);
@@ -4954,9 +4199,14 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
+        /* if (!param->done) { */
+        /* 
+        while(!param->done) {
+            rb_thread_stop();
+        }
+        */
         while(param->done != TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY) {
-            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
-            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
+            rb_thread_stop();
         }
 
         Tcl_Release(window);
@@ -4974,16 +4224,8 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         break;
     } /* end of 'switch' statement */
 
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
-    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
-    Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#else
-    /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
-    ckfree((char *)param);
-#endif
-#endif
+    Tcl_Release(param);
+    Tcl_Free((char *)param);
 
     /*
      * Clear out the interpreter's result, since it may have been set
@@ -5008,7 +4250,7 @@ ip_thread_vwait(self, var)
     argv[0] = cmd_str;
     argv[1] = var;
 
-    return ip_invoke_with_position(2, argv, self, TCL_QUEUE_TAIL);
+    return ip_invoke_real(2, argv, self);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -5024,7 +4266,7 @@ ip_thread_tkwait(self, mode, target)
     argv[1] = mode;
     argv[2] = target;
 
-    return ip_invoke_with_position(3, argv, self, TCL_QUEUE_TAIL);
+    return ip_invoke_real(3, argv, self);
 }
 
 
@@ -5214,43 +4456,23 @@ ip_finalize(ip)
 	Tcl_CreateCommand(ip, "ruby_cmd", ip_null_proc, 
 			  (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
-	/* 
-	  rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
-	  return;