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diff --git a/ruby_1_9_3/lib/csv.rb b/ruby_1_9_3/lib/csv.rb new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..13f86ec318 --- /dev/null +++ b/ruby_1_9_3/lib/csv.rb @@ -0,0 +1,2356 @@ +# encoding: US-ASCII +# = csv.rb -- CSV Reading and Writing +# +# Created by James Edward Gray II on 2005-10-31. +# Copyright 2005 James Edward Gray II. You can redistribute or modify this code +# under the terms of Ruby's license. +# +# See CSV for documentation. +# +# == Description +# +# Welcome to the new and improved CSV. +# +# This version of the CSV library began its life as FasterCSV. FasterCSV was +# intended as a replacement to Ruby's then standard CSV library. It was +# designed to address concerns users of that library had and it had three +# primary goals: +# +# 1. Be significantly faster than CSV while remaining a pure Ruby library. +# 2. Use a smaller and easier to maintain code base. (FasterCSV eventually +# grew larger, was also but considerably richer in features. The parsing +# core remains quite small.) +# 3. Improve on the CSV interface. +# +# Obviously, the last one is subjective. I did try to defer to the original +# interface whenever I didn't have a compelling reason to change it though, so +# hopefully this won't be too radically different. +# +# We must have met our goals because FasterCSV was renamed to CSV and replaced +# the original library as of Ruby 1.9. If you are migrating code from 1.8 or +# earlier, you may have to change your code to comply with the new interface. +# +# == What's Different From the Old CSV? +# +# I'm sure I'll miss something, but I'll try to mention most of the major +# differences I am aware of, to help others quickly get up to speed: +# +# === CSV Parsing +# +# * This parser is m17n aware. See CSV for full details. +# * This library has a stricter parser and will throw MalformedCSVErrors on +# problematic data. +# * This library has a less liberal idea of a line ending than CSV. What you +# set as the <tt>:row_sep</tt> is law. It can auto-detect your line endings +# though. +# * The old library returned empty lines as <tt>[nil]</tt>. This library calls +# them <tt>[]</tt>. +# * This library has a much faster parser. +# +# === Interface +# +# * CSV now uses Hash-style parameters to set options. +# * CSV no longer has generate_row() or parse_row(). +# * The old CSV's Reader and Writer classes have been dropped. +# * CSV::open() is now more like Ruby's open(). +# * CSV objects now support most standard IO methods. +# * CSV now has a new() method used to wrap objects like String and IO for +# reading and writing. +# * CSV::generate() is different from the old method. +# * CSV no longer supports partial reads. It works line-by-line. +# * CSV no longer allows the instance methods to override the separators for +# performance reasons. They must be set in the constructor. +# +# If you use this library and find yourself missing any functionality I have +# trimmed, please {let me know}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net]. +# +# == Documentation +# +# See CSV for documentation. +# +# == What is CSV, really? +# +# CSV maintains a pretty strict definition of CSV taken directly from +# {the RFC}[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt]. I relax the rules in only one +# place and that is to make using this library easier. CSV will parse all valid +# CSV. +# +# What you don't want to do is feed CSV invalid data. Because of the way the +# CSV format works, it's common for a parser to need to read until the end of +# the file to be sure a field is invalid. This eats a lot of time and memory. +# +# Luckily, when working with invalid CSV, Ruby's built-in methods will almost +# always be superior in every way. For example, parsing non-quoted fields is as +# easy as: +# +# data.split(",") +# +# == Questions and/or Comments +# +# Feel free to email {James Edward Gray II}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net] +# with any questions. + +require "forwardable" +require "English" +require "date" +require "stringio" + +# +# This class provides a complete interface to CSV files and data. It offers +# tools to enable you to read and write to and from Strings or IO objects, as +# needed. +# +# == Reading +# +# === From a File +# +# ==== A Line at a Time +# +# CSV.foreach("path/to/file.csv") do |row| +# # use row here... +# end +# +# ==== All at Once +# +# arr_of_arrs = CSV.read("path/to/file.csv") +# +# === From a String +# +# ==== A Line at a Time +# +# CSV.parse("CSV,data,String") do |row| +# # use row here... +# end +# +# ==== All at Once +# +# arr_of_arrs = CSV.parse("CSV,data,String") +# +# == Writing +# +# === To a File +# +# CSV.open("path/to/file.csv", "wb") do |csv| +# csv << ["row", "of", "CSV", "data"] +# csv << ["another", "row"] +# # ... +# end +# +# === To a String +# +# csv_string = CSV.generate do |csv| +# csv << ["row", "of", "CSV", "data"] +# csv << ["another", "row"] +# # ... +# end +# +# == Convert a Single Line +# +# csv_string = ["CSV", "data"].to_csv # to CSV +# csv_array = "CSV,String".parse_csv # from CSV +# +# == Shortcut Interface +# +# CSV { |csv_out| csv_out << %w{my data here} } # to $stdout +# CSV(csv = "") { |csv_str| csv_str << %w{my data here} } # to a String +# CSV($stderr) { |csv_err| csv_err << %w{my data here} } # to $stderr +# CSV($stdin) { |csv_in| csv_in.each { |row| p row } } # from $stdin +# +# == Advanced Usage +# +# === Wrap an IO Object +# +# csv = CSV.new(io, options) +# # ... read (with gets() or each()) from and write (with <<) to csv here ... +# +# == CSV and Character Encodings (M17n or Multilingualization) +# +# This new CSV parser is m17n savvy. The parser works in the Encoding of the IO +# or String object being read from or written to. Your data is never transcoded +# (unless you ask Ruby to transcode it for you) and will literally be parsed in +# the Encoding it is in. Thus CSV will return Arrays or Rows of Strings in the +# Encoding of your data. This is accomplished by transcoding the parser itself +# into your Encoding. +# +# Some transcoding must take place, of course, to accomplish this multiencoding +# support. For example, <tt>:col_sep</tt>, <tt>:row_sep</tt>, and +# <tt>:quote_char</tt> must be transcoded to match your data. Hopefully this +# makes the entire process feel transparent, since CSV's defaults should just +# magically work for you data. However, you can set these values manually in +# the target Encoding to avoid the translation. +# +# It's also important to note that while all of CSV's core parser is now +# Encoding agnostic, some features are not. For example, the built-in +# converters will try to transcode data to UTF-8 before making conversions. +# Again, you can provide custom converters that are aware of your Encodings to +# avoid this translation. It's just too hard for me to support native +# conversions in all of Ruby's Encodings. +# +# Anyway, the practical side of this is simple: make sure IO and String objects +# passed into CSV have the proper Encoding set and everything should just work. +# CSV methods that allow you to open IO objects (CSV::foreach(), CSV::open(), +# CSV::read(), and CSV::readlines()) do allow you to specify the Encoding. +# +# One minor exception comes when generating CSV into a String with an Encoding +# that is not ASCII compatible. There's no existing data for CSV to use to +# prepare itself and thus you will probably need to manually specify the desired +# Encoding for most of those cases. It will try to guess using the fields in a +# row of output though, when using CSV::generate_line() or Array#to_csv(). +# +# I try to point out any other Encoding issues in the documentation of methods +# as they come up. +# +# This has been tested to the best of my ability with all non-"dummy" Encodings +# Ruby ships with. However, it is brave new code and may have some bugs. +# Please feel free to {report}[mailto:james@grayproductions.net] any issues you +# find with it. +# +class CSV + # The version of the installed library. + VERSION = "2.4.8".freeze + + # + # A CSV::Row is part Array and part Hash. It retains an order for the fields + # and allows duplicates just as an Array would, but also allows you to access + # fields by name just as you could if they were in a Hash. + # + # All rows returned by CSV will be constructed from this class, if header row + # processing is activated. + # + class Row + # + # Construct a new CSV::Row from +headers+ and +fields+, which are expected + # to be Arrays. If one Array is shorter than the other, it will be padded + # with +nil+ objects. + # + # The optional +header_row+ parameter can be set to +true+ to indicate, via + # CSV::Row.header_row?() and CSV::Row.field_row?(), that this is a header + # row. Otherwise, the row is assumes to be a field row. + # + # A CSV::Row object supports the following Array methods through delegation: + # + # * empty?() + # * length() + # * size() + # + def initialize(headers, fields, header_row = false) + @header_row = header_row + + # handle extra headers or fields + @row = if headers.size > fields.size + headers.zip(fields) + else + fields.zip(headers).map { |pair| pair.reverse } + end + end + + # Internal data format used to compare equality. + attr_reader :row + protected :row + + ### Array Delegation ### + + extend Forwardable + def_delegators :@row, :empty?, :length, :size + + # Returns +true+ if this is a header row. + def header_row? + @header_row + end + + # Returns +true+ if this is a field row. + def field_row? + not header_row? + end + + # Returns the headers of this row. + def headers + @row.map { |pair| pair.first } + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # field( header ) + # field( header, offset ) + # field( index ) + # + # This method will fetch the field value by +header+ or +index+. If a field + # is not found, +nil+ is returned. + # + # When provided, +offset+ ensures that a header match occurrs on or later + # than the +offset+ index. You can use this to find duplicate headers, + # without resorting to hard-coding exact indices. + # + def field(header_or_index, minimum_index = 0) + # locate the pair + finder = header_or_index.is_a?(Integer) ? :[] : :assoc + pair = @row[minimum_index..-1].send(finder, header_or_index) + + # return the field if we have a pair + pair.nil? ? nil : pair.last + end + alias_method :[], :field + + # + # :call-seq: + # []=( header, value ) + # []=( header, offset, value ) + # []=( index, value ) + # + # Looks up the field by the semantics described in CSV::Row.field() and + # assigns the +value+. + # + # Assigning past the end of the row with an index will set all pairs between + # to <tt>[nil, nil]</tt>. Assigning to an unused header appends the new + # pair. + # + def []=(*args) + value = args.pop + + if args.first.is_a? Integer + if @row[args.first].nil? # extending past the end with index + @row[args.first] = [nil, value] + @row.map! { |pair| pair.nil? ? [nil, nil] : pair } + else # normal index assignment + @row[args.first][1] = value + end + else + index = index(*args) + if index.nil? # appending a field + self << [args.first, value] + else # normal header assignment + @row[index][1] = value + end + end + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # <<( field ) + # <<( header_and_field_array ) + # <<( header_and_field_hash ) + # + # If a two-element Array is provided, it is assumed to be a header and field + # and the pair is appended. A Hash works the same way with the key being + # the header and the value being the field. Anything else is assumed to be + # a lone field which is appended with a +nil+ header. + # + # This method returns the row for chaining. + # + def <<(arg) + if arg.is_a?(Array) and arg.size == 2 # appending a header and name + @row << arg + elsif arg.is_a?(Hash) # append header and name pairs + arg.each { |pair| @row << pair } + else # append field value + @row << [nil, arg] + end + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # A shortcut for appending multiple fields. Equivalent to: + # + # args.each { |arg| csv_row << arg } + # + # This method returns the row for chaining. + # + def push(*args) + args.each { |arg| self << arg } + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # delete( header ) + # delete( header, offset ) + # delete( index ) + # + # Used to remove a pair from the row by +header+ or +index+. The pair is + # located as described in CSV::Row.field(). The deleted pair is returned, + # or +nil+ if a pair could not be found. + # + def delete(header_or_index, minimum_index = 0) + if header_or_index.is_a? Integer # by index + @row.delete_at(header_or_index) + elsif i = index(header_or_index, minimum_index) # by header + @row.delete_at(i) + else + [ ] + end + end + + # + # The provided +block+ is passed a header and field for each pair in the row + # and expected to return +true+ or +false+, depending on whether the pair + # should be deleted. + # + # This method returns the row for chaining. + # + def delete_if(&block) + @row.delete_if(&block) + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # This method accepts any number of arguments which can be headers, indices, + # Ranges of either, or two-element Arrays containing a header and offset. + # Each argument will be replaced with a field lookup as described in + # CSV::Row.field(). + # + # If called with no arguments, all fields are returned. + # + def fields(*headers_and_or_indices) + if headers_and_or_indices.empty? # return all fields--no arguments + @row.map { |pair| pair.last } + else # or work like values_at() + headers_and_or_indices.inject(Array.new) do |all, h_or_i| + all + if h_or_i.is_a? Range + index_begin = h_or_i.begin.is_a?(Integer) ? h_or_i.begin : + index(h_or_i.begin) + index_end = h_or_i.end.is_a?(Integer) ? h_or_i.end : + index(h_or_i.end) + new_range = h_or_i.exclude_end? ? (index_begin...index_end) : + (index_begin..index_end) + fields.values_at(new_range) + else + [field(*Array(h_or_i))] + end + end + end + end + alias_method :values_at, :fields + + # + # :call-seq: + # index( header ) + # index( header, offset ) + # + # This method will return the index of a field with the provided +header+. + # The +offset+ can be used to locate duplicate header names, as described in + # CSV::Row.field(). + # + def index(header, minimum_index = 0) + # find the pair + index = headers[minimum_index..-1].index(header) + # return the index at the right offset, if we found one + index.nil? ? nil : index + minimum_index + end + + # Returns +true+ if +name+ is a header for this row, and +false+ otherwise. + def header?(name) + headers.include? name + end + alias_method :include?, :header? + + # + # Returns +true+ if +data+ matches a field in this row, and +false+ + # otherwise. + # + def field?(data) + fields.include? data + end + + include Enumerable + + # + # Yields each pair of the row as header and field tuples (much like + # iterating over a Hash). + # + # Support for Enumerable. + # + # This method returns the row for chaining. + # + def each(&block) + @row.each(&block) + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # Returns +true+ if this row contains the same headers and fields in the + # same order as +other+. + # + def ==(other) + @row == other.row + end + + # + # Collapses the row into a simple Hash. Be warning that this discards field + # order and clobbers duplicate fields. + # + def to_hash + # flatten just one level of the internal Array + Hash[*@row.inject(Array.new) { |ary, pair| ary.push(*pair) }] + end + + # + # Returns the row as a CSV String. Headers are not used. Equivalent to: + # + # csv_row.fields.to_csv( options ) + # + def to_csv(options = Hash.new) + fields.to_csv(options) + end + alias_method :to_s, :to_csv + + # A summary of fields, by header, in an ASCII compatible String. + def inspect + str = ["#<", self.class.to_s] + each do |header, field| + str << " " << (header.is_a?(Symbol) ? header.to_s : header.inspect) << + ":" << field.inspect + end + str << ">" + begin + str.join('') + rescue # any encoding error + str.map do |s| + e = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(s.encoding) + e ? s.encode(e) : s.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT") + end.join('') + end + end + end + + # + # A CSV::Table is a two-dimensional data structure for representing CSV + # documents. Tables allow you to work with the data by row or column, + # manipulate the data, and even convert the results back to CSV, if needed. + # + # All tables returned by CSV will be constructed from this class, if header + # row processing is activated. + # + class Table + # + # Construct a new CSV::Table from +array_of_rows+, which are expected + # to be CSV::Row objects. All rows are assumed to have the same headers. + # + # A CSV::Table object supports the following Array methods through + # delegation: + # + # * empty?() + # * length() + # * size() + # + def initialize(array_of_rows) + @table = array_of_rows + @mode = :col_or_row + end + + # The current access mode for indexing and iteration. + attr_reader :mode + + # Internal data format used to compare equality. + attr_reader :table + protected :table + + ### Array Delegation ### + + extend Forwardable + def_delegators :@table, :empty?, :length, :size + + # + # Returns a duplicate table object, in column mode. This is handy for + # chaining in a single call without changing the table mode, but be aware + # that this method can consume a fair amount of memory for bigger data sets. + # + # This method returns the duplicate table for chaining. Don't chain + # destructive methods (like []=()) this way though, since you are working + # with a duplicate. + # + def by_col + self.class.new(@table.dup).by_col! + end + + # + # Switches the mode of this table to column mode. All calls to indexing and + # iteration methods will work with columns until the mode is changed again. + # + # This method returns the table and is safe to chain. + # + def by_col! + @mode = :col + + self + end + + # + # Returns a duplicate table object, in mixed mode. This is handy for + # chaining in a single call without changing the table mode, but be aware + # that this method can consume a fair amount of memory for bigger data sets. + # + # This method returns the duplicate table for chaining. Don't chain + # destructive methods (like []=()) this way though, since you are working + # with a duplicate. + # + def by_col_or_row + self.class.new(@table.dup).by_col_or_row! + end + + # + # Switches the mode of this table to mixed mode. All calls to indexing and + # iteration methods will use the default intelligent indexing system until + # the mode is changed again. In mixed mode an index is assumed to be a row + # reference while anything else is assumed to be column access by headers. + # + # This method returns the table and is safe to chain. + # + def by_col_or_row! + @mode = :col_or_row + + self + end + + # + # Returns a duplicate table object, in row mode. This is handy for chaining + # in a single call without changing the table mode, but be aware that this + # method can consume a fair amount of memory for bigger data sets. + # + # This method returns the duplicate table for chaining. Don't chain + # destructive methods (like []=()) this way though, since you are working + # with a duplicate. + # + def by_row + self.class.new(@table.dup).by_row! + end + + # + # Switches the mode of this table to row mode. All calls to indexing and + # iteration methods will work with rows until the mode is changed again. + # + # This method returns the table and is safe to chain. + # + def by_row! + @mode = :row + + self + end + + # + # Returns the headers for the first row of this table (assumed to match all + # other rows). An empty Array is returned for empty tables. + # + def headers + if @table.empty? + Array.new + else + @table.first.headers + end + end + + # + # In the default mixed mode, this method returns rows for index access and + # columns for header access. You can force the index association by first + # calling by_col!() or by_row!(). + # + # Columns are returned as an Array of values. Altering that Array has no + # effect on the table. + # + def [](index_or_header) + if @mode == :row or # by index + (@mode == :col_or_row and index_or_header.is_a? Integer) + @table[index_or_header] + else # by header + @table.map { |row| row[index_or_header] } + end + end + + # + # In the default mixed mode, this method assigns rows for index access and + # columns for header access. You can force the index association by first + # calling by_col!() or by_row!(). + # + # Rows may be set to an Array of values (which will inherit the table's + # headers()) or a CSV::Row. + # + # Columns may be set to a single value, which is copied to each row of the + # column, or an Array of values. Arrays of values are assigned to rows top + # to bottom in row major order. Excess values are ignored and if the Array + # does not have a value for each row the extra rows will receive a +nil+. + # + # Assigning to an existing column or row clobbers the data. Assigning to + # new columns creates them at the right end of the table. + # + def []=(index_or_header, value) + if @mode == :row or # by index + (@mode == :col_or_row and index_or_header.is_a? Integer) + if value.is_a? Array + @table[index_or_header] = Row.new(headers, value) + else + @table[index_or_header] = value + end + else # set column + if value.is_a? Array # multiple values + @table.each_with_index do |row, i| + if row.header_row? + row[index_or_header] = index_or_header + else + row[index_or_header] = value[i] + end + end + else # repeated value + @table.each do |row| + if row.header_row? + row[index_or_header] = index_or_header + else + row[index_or_header] = value + end + end + end + end + end + + # + # The mixed mode default is to treat a list of indices as row access, + # returning the rows indicated. Anything else is considered columnar + # access. For columnar access, the return set has an Array for each row + # with the values indicated by the headers in each Array. You can force + # column or row mode using by_col!() or by_row!(). + # + # You cannot mix column and row access. + # + def values_at(*indices_or_headers) + if @mode == :row or # by indices + ( @mode == :col_or_row and indices_or_headers.all? do |index| + index.is_a?(Integer) or + ( index.is_a?(Range) and + index.first.is_a?(Integer) and + index.last.is_a?(Integer) ) + end ) + @table.values_at(*indices_or_headers) + else # by headers + @table.map { |row| row.values_at(*indices_or_headers) } + end + end + + # + # Adds a new row to the bottom end of this table. You can provide an Array, + # which will be converted to a CSV::Row (inheriting the table's headers()), + # or a CSV::Row. + # + # This method returns the table for chaining. + # + def <<(row_or_array) + if row_or_array.is_a? Array # append Array + @table << Row.new(headers, row_or_array) + else # append Row + @table << row_or_array + end + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # A shortcut for appending multiple rows. Equivalent to: + # + # rows.each { |row| self << row } + # + # This method returns the table for chaining. + # + def push(*rows) + rows.each { |row| self << row } + + self # for chaining + end + + # + # Removes and returns the indicated column or row. In the default mixed + # mode indices refer to rows and everything else is assumed to be a column + # header. Use by_col!() or by_row!() to force the lookup. + # + def delete(index_or_header) + if @mode == :row or # by index + (@mode == :col_or_row and index_or_header.is_a? Integer) + @table.delete_at(index_or_header) + else # by header + @table.map { |row| row.delete(index_or_header).last } + end + end + + # + # Removes any column or row for which the block returns +true+. In the + # default mixed mode or row mode, iteration is the standard row major + # walking of rows. In column mode, interation will +yield+ two element + # tuples containing the column name and an Array of values for that column. + # + # This method returns the table for chaining. + # + def delete_if(&block) + if @mode == :row or @mode == :col_or_row # by index + @table.delete_if(&block) + else # by header + to_delete = Array.new + headers.each_with_index do |header, i| + to_delete << header if block[[header, self[header]]] + end + to_delete.map { |header| delete(header) } + end + + self # for chaining + end + + include Enumerable + + # + # In the default mixed mode or row mode, iteration is the standard row major + # walking of rows. In column mode, interation will +yield+ two element + # tuples containing the column name and an Array of values for that column. + # + # This method returns the table for chaining. + # + def each(&block) + if @mode == :col + headers.each { |header| block[[header, self[header]]] } + else + @table.each(&block) + end + + self # for chaining + end + + # Returns +true+ if all rows of this table ==() +other+'s rows. + def ==(other) + @table == other.table + end + + # + # Returns the table as an Array of Arrays. Headers will be the first row, + # then all of the field rows will follow. + # + def to_a + @table.inject([headers]) do |array, row| + if row.header_row? + array + else + array + [row.fields] + end + end + end + + # + # Returns the table as a complete CSV String. Headers will be listed first, + # then all of the field rows. + # + # This method assumes you want the Table.headers(), unless you explicitly + # pass <tt>:write_headers => false</tt>. + # + def to_csv(options = Hash.new) + wh = options.fetch(:write_headers, true) + @table.inject(wh ? [headers.to_csv(options)] : [ ]) do |rows, row| + if row.header_row? + rows + else + rows + [row.fields.to_csv(options)] + end + end.join('') + end + alias_method :to_s, :to_csv + + # Shows the mode and size of this table in a US-ASCII String. + def inspect + "#<#{self.class} mode:#{@mode} row_count:#{to_a.size}>".encode("US-ASCII") + end + end + + # The error thrown when the parser encounters illegal CSV formatting. + class MalformedCSVError < RuntimeError; end + + # + # A FieldInfo Struct contains details about a field's position in the data + # source it was read from. CSV will pass this Struct to some blocks that make + # decisions based on field structure. See CSV.convert_fields() for an + # example. + # + # <b><tt>index</tt></b>:: The zero-based index of the field in its row. + # <b><tt>line</tt></b>:: The line of the data source this row is from. + # <b><tt>header</tt></b>:: The header for the column, when available. + # + FieldInfo = Struct.new(:index, :line, :header) + + # A Regexp used to find and convert some common Date formats. + DateMatcher = / \A(?: (\w+,?\s+)?\w+\s+\d{1,2},?\s+\d{2,4} | + \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} )\z /x + # A Regexp used to find and convert some common DateTime formats. + DateTimeMatcher = + / \A(?: (\w+,?\s+)?\w+\s+\d{1,2}\s+\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2},?\s+\d{2,4} | + \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} )\z /x + + # The encoding used by all converters. + ConverterEncoding = Encoding.find("UTF-8") + + # + # This Hash holds the built-in converters of CSV that can be accessed by name. + # You can select Converters with CSV.convert() or through the +options+ Hash + # passed to CSV::new(). + # + # <b><tt>:integer</tt></b>:: Converts any field Integer() accepts. + # <b><tt>:float</tt></b>:: Converts any field Float() accepts. + # <b><tt>:numeric</tt></b>:: A combination of <tt>:integer</tt> + # and <tt>:float</tt>. + # <b><tt>:date</tt></b>:: Converts any field Date::parse() accepts. + # <b><tt>:date_time</tt></b>:: Converts any field DateTime::parse() accepts. + # <b><tt>:all</tt></b>:: All built-in converters. A combination of + # <tt>:date_time</tt> and <tt>:numeric</tt>. + # + # All built-in converters transcode field data to UTF-8 before attempting a + # conversion. If your data cannot be transcoded to UTF-8 the conversion will + # fail and the field will remain unchanged. + # + # This Hash is intentionally left unfrozen and users should feel free to add + # values to it that can be accessed by all CSV objects. + # + # To add a combo field, the value should be an Array of names. Combo fields + # can be nested with other combo fields. + # + Converters = { integer: lambda { |f| + Integer(f.encode(ConverterEncoding)) rescue f + }, + float: lambda { |f| + Float(f.encode(ConverterEncoding)) rescue f + }, + numeric: [:integer, :float], + date: lambda { |f| + begin + e = f.encode(ConverterEncoding) + e =~ DateMatcher ? Date.parse(e) : f + rescue # encoding conversion or date parse errors + f + end + }, + date_time: lambda { |f| + begin + e = f.encode(ConverterEncoding) + e =~ DateTimeMatcher ? DateTime.parse(e) : f + rescue # encoding conversion or date parse errors + f + end + }, + all: [:date_time, :numeric] } + + # + # This Hash holds the built-in header converters of CSV that can be accessed + # by name. You can select HeaderConverters with CSV.header_convert() or + # through the +options+ Hash passed to CSV::new(). + # + # <b><tt>:downcase</tt></b>:: Calls downcase() on the header String. + # <b><tt>:symbol</tt></b>:: The header String is downcased, spaces are + # replaced with underscores, non-word characters + # are dropped, and finally to_sym() is called. + # + # All built-in header converters transcode header data to UTF-8 before + # attempting a conversion. If your data cannot be transcoded to UTF-8 the + # conversion will fail and the header will remain unchanged. + # + # This Hash is intetionally left unfrozen and users should feel free to add + # values to it that can be accessed by all CSV objects. + # + # To add a combo field, the value should be an Array of names. Combo fields + # can be nested with other combo fields. + # + HeaderConverters = { + downcase: lambda { |h| h.encode(ConverterEncoding).downcase }, + symbol: lambda { |h| + h.encode(ConverterEncoding).downcase.gsub(/\s+/, "_"). + gsub(/\W+/, "").to_sym + } + } + + # + # The options used when no overrides are given by calling code. They are: + # + # <b><tt>:col_sep</tt></b>:: <tt>","</tt> + # <b><tt>:row_sep</tt></b>:: <tt>:auto</tt> + # <b><tt>:quote_char</tt></b>:: <tt>'"'</tt> + # <b><tt>:field_size_limit</tt></b>:: +nil+ + # <b><tt>:converters</tt></b>:: +nil+ + # <b><tt>:unconverted_fields</tt></b>:: +nil+ + # <b><tt>:headers</tt></b>:: +false+ + # <b><tt>:return_headers</tt></b>:: +false+ + # <b><tt>:header_converters</tt></b>:: +nil+ + # <b><tt>:skip_blanks</tt></b>:: +false+ + # <b><tt>:force_quotes</tt></b>:: +false+ + # + DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { col_sep: ",", + row_sep: :auto, + quote_char: '"', + field_size_limit: nil, + converters: nil, + unconverted_fields: nil, + headers: false, + return_headers: false, + header_converters: nil, + skip_blanks: false, + force_quotes: false }.freeze + + # + # This method will return a CSV instance, just like CSV::new(), but the + # instance will be cached and returned for all future calls to this method for + # the same +data+ object (tested by Object#object_id()) with the same + # +options+. + # + # If a block is given, the instance is passed to the block and the return + # value becomes the return value of the block. + # + def self.instance(data = $stdout, options = Hash.new) + # create a _signature_ for this method call, data object and options + sig = [data.object_id] + + options.values_at(*DEFAULT_OPTIONS.keys.sort_by { |sym| sym.to_s }) + + # fetch or create the instance for this signature + @@instances ||= Hash.new + instance = (@@instances[sig] ||= new(data, options)) + + if block_given? + yield instance # run block, if given, returning result + else + instance # or return the instance + end + end + + # + # This method allows you to serialize an Array of Ruby objects to a String or + # File of CSV data. This is not as powerful as Marshal or YAML, but perhaps + # useful for spreadsheet and database interaction. + # + # Out of the box, this method is intended to work with simple data objects or + # Structs. It will serialize a list of instance variables and/or + # Struct.members(). + # + # If you need need more complicated serialization, you can control the process + # by adding methods to the class to be serialized. + # + # A class method csv_meta() is responsible for returning the first row of the + # document (as an Array). This row is considered to be a Hash of the form + # key_1,value_1,key_2,value_2,... CSV::load() expects to find a class key + # with a value of the stringified class name and CSV::dump() will create this, + # if you do not define this method. This method is only called on the first + # object of the Array. + # + # The next method you can provide is an instance method called csv_headers(). + # This method is expected to return the second line of the document (again as + # an Array), which is to be used to give each column a header. By default, + # CSV::load() will set an instance variable if the field header starts with an + # @ character or call send() passing the header as the method name and + # the field value as an argument. This method is only called on the first + # object of the Array. + # + # Finally, you can provide an instance method called csv_dump(), which will + # be passed the headers. This should return an Array of fields that can be + # serialized for this object. This method is called once for every object in + # the Array. + # + # The +io+ parameter can be used to serialize to a File, and +options+ can be + # anything CSV::new() accepts. + # + def self.dump(ary_of_objs, io = "", options = Hash.new) + obj_template = ary_of_objs.first + + csv = new(io, options) + + # write meta information + begin + csv << obj_template.class.csv_meta + rescue NoMethodError + csv << [:class, obj_template.class] + end + + # write headers + begin + headers = obj_template.csv_headers + rescue NoMethodError + headers = obj_template.instance_variables.sort + if obj_template.class.ancestors.find { |cls| cls.to_s =~ /\AStruct\b/ } + headers += obj_template.members.map { |mem| "#{mem}=" }.sort + end + end + csv << headers + + # serialize each object + ary_of_objs.each do |obj| + begin + csv << obj.csv_dump(headers) + rescue NoMethodError + csv << headers.map do |var| + if var[0] == ?@ + obj.instance_variable_get(var) + else + obj[var[0..-2]] + end + end + end + end + + if io.is_a? String + csv.string + else + csv.close + end + end + + # + # This method is the reading counterpart to CSV::dump(). See that method for + # a detailed description of the process. + # + # You can customize loading by adding a class method called csv_load() which + # will be passed a Hash of meta information, an Array of headers, and an Array + # of fields for the object the method is expected to return. + # + # Remember that all fields will be Strings after this load. If you need + # something else, use +options+ to setup converters or provide a custom + # csv_load() implementation. + # + def self.load(io_or_str, options = Hash.new) + csv = new(io_or_str, options) + + # load meta information + meta = Hash[*csv.shift] + cls = meta["class".encode(csv.encoding)].split("::".encode(csv.encoding)). + inject(Object) do |c, const| + c.const_get(const) + end + + # load headers + headers = csv.shift + + # unserialize each object stored in the file + results = csv.inject(Array.new) do |all, row| + begin + obj = cls.csv_load(meta, headers, row) + rescue NoMethodError + obj = cls.allocate + headers.zip(row) do |name, value| + if name[0] == ?@ + obj.instance_variable_set(name, value) + else + obj.send(name, value) + end + end + end + all << obj + end + + csv.close unless io_or_str.is_a? String + + results + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # filter( options = Hash.new ) { |row| ... } + # filter( input, options = Hash.new ) { |row| ... } + # filter( input, output, options = Hash.new ) { |row| ... } + # + # This method is a convenience for building Unix-like filters for CSV data. + # Each row is yielded to the provided block which can alter it as needed. + # After the block returns, the row is appended to +output+ altered or not. + # + # The +input+ and +output+ arguments can be anything CSV::new() accepts + # (generally String or IO objects). If not given, they default to + # <tt>ARGF</tt> and <tt>$stdout</tt>. + # + # The +options+ parameter is also filtered down to CSV::new() after some + # clever key parsing. Any key beginning with <tt>:in_</tt> or + # <tt>:input_</tt> will have that leading identifier stripped and will only + # be used in the +options+ Hash for the +input+ object. Keys starting with + # <tt>:out_</tt> or <tt>:output_</tt> affect only +output+. All other keys + # are assigned to both objects. + # + # The <tt>:output_row_sep</tt> +option+ defaults to + # <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> (<tt>$/</tt>). + # + def self.filter(*args) + # parse options for input, output, or both + in_options, out_options = Hash.new, {row_sep: $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR} + if args.last.is_a? Hash + args.pop.each do |key, value| + case key.to_s + when /\Ain(?:put)?_(.+)\Z/ + in_options[$1.to_sym] = value + when /\Aout(?:put)?_(.+)\Z/ + out_options[$1.to_sym] = value + else + in_options[key] = value + out_options[key] = value + end + end + end + # build input and output wrappers + input = new(args.shift || ARGF, in_options) + output = new(args.shift || $stdout, out_options) + + # read, yield, write + input.each do |row| + yield row + output << row + end + end + + # + # This method is intended as the primary interface for reading CSV files. You + # pass a +path+ and any +options+ you wish to set for the read. Each row of + # file will be passed to the provided +block+ in turn. + # + # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method + # also understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter that you can use + # to specify the Encoding of the data in the file to be read. You must provide + # this unless your data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will use this + # to determine how to parse the data. You may provide a second Encoding to + # have the data transcoded as it is read. For example, + # <tt>encoding: "UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file + # but transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. + # + def self.foreach(path, options = Hash.new, &block) + open(path, options) do |csv| + csv.each(&block) + end + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # generate( str, options = Hash.new ) { |csv| ... } + # generate( options = Hash.new ) { |csv| ... } + # + # This method wraps a String you provide, or an empty default String, in a + # CSV object which is passed to the provided block. You can use the block to + # append CSV rows to the String and when the block exits, the final String + # will be returned. + # + # Note that a passed String *is* modfied by this method. Call dup() before + # passing if you need a new String. + # + # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method + # understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter when not passed a + # String to set the base Encoding for the output. CSV needs this hint if you + # plan to output non-ASCII compatible data. + # + def self.generate(*args) + # add a default empty String, if none was given + if args.first.is_a? String + io = StringIO.new(args.shift) + io.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END) + args.unshift(io) + else + encoding = (args[-1] = args[-1].dup).delete(:encoding) if args.last.is_a?(Hash) + str = "" + str.encode!(encoding) if encoding + args.unshift(str) + end + csv = new(*args) # wrap + yield csv # yield for appending + csv.string # return final String + end + + # + # This method is a shortcut for converting a single row (Array) into a CSV + # String. + # + # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. This method + # understands an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter to set the base + # Encoding for the output. This method will try to guess your Encoding from + # the first non-+nil+ field in +row+, if possible, but you may need to use + # this parameter as a backup plan. + # + # The <tt>:row_sep</tt> +option+ defaults to <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> + # (<tt>$/</tt>) when calling this method. + # + def self.generate_line(row, options = Hash.new) + options = {row_sep: $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR}.merge(options) + encoding = options.delete(:encoding) + str = "" + if encoding + str.force_encoding(encoding) + elsif field = row.find { |f| not f.nil? } + str.force_encoding(String(field).encoding) + end + (new(str, options) << row).string + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # open( filename, mode = "rb", options = Hash.new ) { |faster_csv| ... } + # open( filename, options = Hash.new ) { |faster_csv| ... } + # open( filename, mode = "rb", options = Hash.new ) + # open( filename, options = Hash.new ) + # + # This method opens an IO object, and wraps that with CSV. This is intended + # as the primary interface for writing a CSV file. + # + # You must pass a +filename+ and may optionally add a +mode+ for Ruby's + # open(). You may also pass an optional Hash containing any +options+ + # CSV::new() understands as the final argument. + # + # This method works like Ruby's open() call, in that it will pass a CSV object + # to a provided block and close it when the block terminates, or it will + # return the CSV object when no block is provided. (*Note*: This is different + # from the Ruby 1.8 CSV library which passed rows to the block. Use + # CSV::foreach() for that behavior.) + # + # You must provide a +mode+ with an embedded Encoding designator unless your + # data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will check the Encoding of the + # underlying IO object (set by the +mode+ you pass) to determine how to parse + # the data. You may provide a second Encoding to have the data transcoded as + # it is read just as you can with a normal call to IO::open(). For example, + # <tt>"rb:UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file but + # transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. + # + # An opened CSV object will delegate to many IO methods for convenience. You + # may call: + # + # * binmode() + # * binmode?() + # * close() + # * close_read() + # * close_write() + # * closed?() + # * eof() + # * eof?() + # * external_encoding() + # * fcntl() + # * fileno() + # * flock() + # * flush() + # * fsync() + # * internal_encoding() + # * ioctl() + # * isatty() + # * path() + # * pid() + # * pos() + # * pos=() + # * reopen() + # * seek() + # * stat() + # * sync() + # * sync=() + # * tell() + # * to_i() + # * to_io() + # * truncate() + # * tty?() + # + def self.open(*args) + # find the +options+ Hash + options = if args.last.is_a? Hash then args.pop else Hash.new end + # wrap a File opened with the remaining +args+ with no newline + # decorator + file_opts = {universal_newline: false}.merge(options) + begin + f = File.open(*args, file_opts) + rescue ArgumentError => e + raise unless /needs binmode/ =~ e.message and args.size == 1 + args << "rb" + file_opts = {encoding: Encoding.default_external}.merge(file_opts) + retry + end + csv = new(f, options) + + # handle blocks like Ruby's open(), not like the CSV library + if block_given? + begin + yield csv + ensure + csv.close + end + else + csv + end + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # parse( str, options = Hash.new ) { |row| ... } + # parse( str, options = Hash.new ) + # + # This method can be used to easily parse CSV out of a String. You may either + # provide a +block+ which will be called with each row of the String in turn, + # or just use the returned Array of Arrays (when no +block+ is given). + # + # You pass your +str+ to read from, and an optional +options+ Hash containing + # anything CSV::new() understands. + # + def self.parse(*args, &block) + csv = new(*args) + if block.nil? # slurp contents, if no block is given + begin + csv.read + ensure + csv.close + end + else # or pass each row to a provided block + csv.each(&block) + end + end + + # + # This method is a shortcut for converting a single line of a CSV String into + # a into an Array. Note that if +line+ contains multiple rows, anything + # beyond the first row is ignored. + # + # The +options+ parameter can be anything CSV::new() understands. + # + def self.parse_line(line, options = Hash.new) + new(line, options).shift + end + + # + # Use to slurp a CSV file into an Array of Arrays. Pass the +path+ to the + # file and any +options+ CSV::new() understands. This method also understands + # an additional <tt>:encoding</tt> parameter that you can use to specify the + # Encoding of the data in the file to be read. You must provide this unless + # your data is in Encoding::default_external(). CSV will use this to determine + # how to parse the data. You may provide a second Encoding to have the data + # transcoded as it is read. For example, + # <tt>encoding: "UTF-32BE:UTF-8"</tt> would read UTF-32BE data from the file + # but transcode it to UTF-8 before CSV parses it. + # + def self.read(path, *options) + open(path, *options) { |csv| csv.read } + end + + # Alias for CSV::read(). + def self.readlines(*args) + read(*args) + end + + # + # A shortcut for: + # + # CSV.read( path, { headers: true, + # converters: :numeric, + # header_converters: :symbol }.merge(options) ) + # + def self.table(path, options = Hash.new) + read( path, { headers: true, + converters: :numeric, + header_converters: :symbol }.merge(options) ) + end + + # + # This constructor will wrap either a String or IO object passed in +data+ for + # reading and/or writing. In addition to the CSV instance methods, several IO + # methods are delegated. (See CSV::open() for a complete list.) If you pass + # a String for +data+, you can later retrieve it (after writing to it, for + # example) with CSV.string(). + # + # Note that a wrapped String will be positioned at at the beginning (for + # reading). If you want it at the end (for writing), use CSV::generate(). + # If you want any other positioning, pass a preset StringIO object instead. + # + # You may set any reading and/or writing preferences in the +options+ Hash. + # Available options are: + # + # <b><tt>:col_sep</tt></b>:: The String placed between each field. + # This String will be transcoded into + # the data's Encoding before parsing. + # <b><tt>:row_sep</tt></b>:: The String appended to the end of each + # row. This can be set to the special + # <tt>:auto</tt> setting, which requests + # that CSV automatically discover this + # from the data. Auto-discovery reads + # ahead in the data looking for the next + # <tt>"\r\n"</tt>, <tt>"\n"</tt>, or + # <tt>"\r"</tt> sequence. A sequence + # will be selected even if it occurs in + # a quoted field, assuming that you + # would have the same line endings + # there. If none of those sequences is + # found, +data+ is <tt>ARGF</tt>, + # <tt>STDIN</tt>, <tt>STDOUT</tt>, or + # <tt>STDERR</tt>, or the stream is only + # available for output, the default + # <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> + # (<tt>$/</tt>) is used. Obviously, + # discovery takes a little time. Set + # manually if speed is important. Also + # note that IO objects should be opened + # in binary mode on Windows if this + # feature will be used as the + # line-ending translation can cause + # problems with resetting the document + # position to where it was before the + # read ahead. This String will be + # transcoded into the data's Encoding + # before parsing. + # <b><tt>:quote_char</tt></b>:: The character used to quote fields. + # This has to be a single character + # String. This is useful for + # application that incorrectly use + # <tt>'</tt> as the quote character + # instead of the correct <tt>"</tt>. + # CSV will always consider a double + # sequence this character to be an + # escaped quote. This String will be + # transcoded into the data's Encoding + # before parsing. + # <b><tt>:field_size_limit</tt></b>:: This is a maximum size CSV will read + # ahead looking for the closing quote + # for a field. (In truth, it reads to + # the first line ending beyond this + # size.) If a quote cannot be found + # within the limit CSV will raise a + # MalformedCSVError, assuming the data + # is faulty. You can use this limit to + # prevent what are effectively DoS + # attacks on the parser. However, this + # limit can cause a legitimate parse to + # fail and thus is set to +nil+, or off, + # by default. + # <b><tt>:converters</tt></b>:: An Array of names from the Converters + # Hash and/or lambdas that handle custom + # conversion. A single converter + # doesn't have to be in an Array. All + # built-in converters try to transcode + # fields to UTF-8 before converting. + # The conversion will fail if the data + # cannot be transcoded, leaving the + # field unchanged. + # <b><tt>:unconverted_fields</tt></b>:: If set to +true+, an + # unconverted_fields() method will be + # added to all returned rows (Array or + # CSV::Row) that will return the fields + # as they were before conversion. Note + # that <tt>:headers</tt> supplied by + # Array or String were not fields of the + # document and thus will have an empty + # Array attached. + # <b><tt>:headers</tt></b>:: If set to <tt>:first_row</tt> or + # +true+, the initial row of the CSV + # file will be treated as a row of + # headers. If set to an Array, the + # contents will be used as the headers. + # If set to a String, the String is run + # through a call of CSV::parse_line() + # with the same <tt>:col_sep</tt>, + # <tt>:row_sep</tt>, and + # <tt>:quote_char</tt> as this instance + # to produce an Array of headers. This + # setting causes CSV#shift() to return + # rows as CSV::Row objects instead of + # Arrays and CSV#read() to return + # CSV::Table objects instead of an Array + # of Arrays. + # <b><tt>:return_headers</tt></b>:: When +false+, header rows are silently + # swallowed. If set to +true+, header + # rows are returned in a CSV::Row object + # with identical headers and + # fields (save that the fields do not go + # through the converters). + # <b><tt>:write_headers</tt></b>:: When +true+ and <tt>:headers</tt> is + # set, a header row will be added to the + # output. + # <b><tt>:header_converters</tt></b>:: Identical in functionality to + # <tt>:converters</tt> save that the + # conversions are only made to header + # rows. All built-in converters try to + # transcode headers to UTF-8 before + # converting. The conversion will fail + # if the data cannot be transcoded, + # leaving the header unchanged. + # <b><tt>:skip_blanks</tt></b>:: When set to a +true+ value, CSV will + # skip over any rows with no content. + # <b><tt>:force_quotes</tt></b>:: When set to a +true+ value, CSV will + # quote all CSV fields it creates. + # + # See CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS for the default settings. + # + # Options cannot be overridden in the instance methods for performance reasons, + # so be sure to set what you want here. + # + def initialize(data, options = Hash.new) + # build the options for this read/write + options = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(options) + + # create the IO object we will read from + @io = data.is_a?(String) ? StringIO.new(data) : data + # honor the IO encoding if we can, otherwise default to ASCII-8BIT + @encoding = raw_encoding(nil) || + ( if encoding = options.delete(:internal_encoding) + case encoding + when Encoding; encoding + else Encoding.find(encoding) + end + end ) || + ( case encoding = options.delete(:encoding) + when Encoding; encoding + when /\A[^:]+/; Encoding.find($&) + end ) || + Encoding.default_internal || Encoding.default_external + # + # prepare for building safe regular expressions in the target encoding, + # if we can transcode the needed characters + # + @re_esc = "\\".encode(@encoding) rescue "" + @re_chars = /#{%"[-][\\.^$?*+{}()|# \r\n\t\f\v]".encode(@encoding)}/ + # @re_chars = /#{%"[-][\\.^$?*+{}()|# \r\n\t\f\v]".encode(@encoding, fallback: proc{""})}/ + + init_separators(options) + init_parsers(options) + init_converters(options) + init_headers(options) + + options.delete(:encoding) + options.delete(:internal_encoding) + options.delete(:external_encoding) + unless options.empty? + raise ArgumentError, "Unknown options: #{options.keys.join(', ')}." + end + + # track our own lineno since IO gets confused about line-ends is CSV fields + @lineno = 0 + end + + # + # The encoded <tt>:col_sep</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new + # for details. + # + attr_reader :col_sep + # + # The encoded <tt>:row_sep</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new + # for details. + # + attr_reader :row_sep + # + # The encoded <tt>:quote_char</tt> used in parsing and writing. See CSV::new + # for details. + # + attr_reader :quote_char + # The limit for field size, if any. See CSV::new for details. + attr_reader :field_size_limit + # + # Returns the current list of converters in effect. See CSV::new for details. + # Built-in converters will be returned by name, while others will be returned + # as is. + # + def converters + @converters.map do |converter| + name = Converters.rassoc(converter) + name ? name.first : converter + end + end + # + # Returns +true+ if unconverted_fields() to parsed results. See CSV::new + # for details. + # + def unconverted_fields?() @unconverted_fields end + # + # Returns +nil+ if headers will not be used, +true+ if they will but have not + # yet been read, or the actual headers after they have been read. See + # CSV::new for details. + # + def headers + @headers || true if @use_headers + end + # + # Returns +true+ if headers will be returned as a row of results. + # See CSV::new for details. + # + def return_headers?() @return_headers end + # Returns +true+ if headers are written in output. See CSV::new for details. + def write_headers?() @write_headers end + # + # Returns the current list of converters in effect for headers. See CSV::new + # for details. Built-in converters will be returned by name, while others + # will be returned as is. + # + def header_converters + @header_converters.map do |converter| + name = HeaderConverters.rassoc(converter) + name ? name.first : converter + end + end + # + # Returns +true+ blank lines are skipped by the parser. See CSV::new + # for details. + # + def skip_blanks?() @skip_blanks end + # Returns +true+ if all output fields are quoted. See CSV::new for details. + def force_quotes?() @force_quotes end + + # + # The Encoding CSV is parsing or writing in. This will be the Encoding you + # receive parsed data in and/or the Encoding data will be written in. + # + attr_reader :encoding + + # + # The line number of the last row read from this file. Fields with nested + # line-end characters will not affect this count. + # + attr_reader :lineno + + ### IO and StringIO Delegation ### + + extend Forwardable + def_delegators :@io, :binmode, :binmode?, :close, :close_read, :close_write, + :closed?, :eof, :eof?, :external_encoding, :fcntl, + :fileno, :flock, :flush, :fsync, :internal_encoding, + :ioctl, :isatty, :path, :pid, :pos, :pos=, :reopen, + :seek, :stat, :string, :sync, :sync=, :tell, :to_i, + :to_io, :truncate, :tty? + + # Rewinds the underlying IO object and resets CSV's lineno() counter. + def rewind + @headers = nil + @lineno = 0 + + @io.rewind + end + + ### End Delegation ### + + # + # The primary write method for wrapped Strings and IOs, +row+ (an Array or + # CSV::Row) is converted to CSV and appended to the data source. When a + # CSV::Row is passed, only the row's fields() are appended to the output. + # + # The data source must be open for writing. + # + def <<(row) + # make sure headers have been assigned + if header_row? and [Array, String].include? @use_headers.class + parse_headers # won't read data for Array or String + self << @headers if @write_headers + end + + # handle CSV::Row objects and Hashes + row = case row + when self.class::Row then row.fields + when Hash then @headers.map { |header| row[header] } + else row + end + + @headers = row if header_row? + @lineno += 1 + + output = row.map(&@quote).join(@col_sep) + @row_sep # quote and separate + if @io.is_a?(StringIO) and + output.encoding != raw_encoding and + (compatible_encoding = Encoding.compatible?(@io.string, output)) + @io = StringIO.new(@io.string.force_encoding(compatible_encoding)) + @io.seek(0, IO::SEEK_END) + end + @io << output + + self # for chaining + end + alias_method :add_row, :<< + alias_method :puts, :<< + + # + # :call-seq: + # convert( name ) + # convert { |field| ... } + # convert { |field, field_info| ... } + # + # You can use this method to install a CSV::Converters built-in, or provide a + # block that handles a custom conversion. + # + # If you provide a block that takes one argument, it will be passed the field + # and is expected to return the converted value or the field itself. If your + # block takes two arguments, it will also be passed a CSV::FieldInfo Struct, + # containing details about the field. Again, the block should return a + # converted field or the field itself. + # + def convert(name = nil, &converter) + add_converter(:converters, self.class::Converters, name, &converter) + end + + # + # :call-seq: + # header_convert( name ) + # header_convert { |field| ... } + # header_convert { |field, field_info| ... } + # + # Identical to CSV#convert(), but for header rows. + # + # Note that this method must be called before header rows are read to have any + # effect. + # + def header_convert(name = nil, &converter) + add_converter( :header_converters, + self.class::HeaderConverters, + name, + &converter ) + end + + include Enumerable + + # + # Yields each row of the data source in turn. + # + # Support for Enumerable. + # + # The data source must be open for reading. + # + def each + if block_given? + while row = shift + yield row + end + else + to_enum + end + end + + # + # Slurps the remaining rows and returns an Array of Arrays. + # + # The data source must be open for reading. + # + def read + rows = to_a + if @use_headers + Table.new(rows) + else + rows + end + end + alias_method :readlines, :read + + # Returns +true+ if the next row read will be a header row. + def header_row? + @use_headers and @headers.nil? + end + + # + # The primary read method for wrapped Strings and IOs, a single row is pulled + # from the data source, parsed and returned as an Array of fields (if header + # rows are not used) or a CSV::Row (when header rows are used). + # + # The data source must be open for reading. + # + def shift + ######################################################################### + ### This method is purposefully kept a bit long as simple conditional ### + ### checks are faster than numerous (expensive) method calls. ### + ######################################################################### + + # handle headers not based on document content + if header_row? and @return_headers and + [Array, String].include? @use_headers.class + if @unconverted_fields + return add_unconverted_fields(parse_headers, Array.new) + else + return parse_headers + end + end + + # + # it can take multiple calls to <tt>@io.gets()</tt> to get a full line, + # because of \r and/or \n characters embedded in quoted fields + # + in_extended_col = false + csv = Array.new + + loop do + # add another read to the line + unless parse = @io.gets(@row_sep) + return nil + end + + parse.sub!(@parsers[:line_end], "") + + if csv.empty? + # + # I believe a blank line should be an <tt>Array.new</tt>, not Ruby 1.8 + # CSV's <tt>[nil]</tt> + # + if parse.empty? + @lineno += 1 + if @skip_blanks + next + elsif @unconverted_fields + return add_unconverted_fields(Array.new, Array.new) + elsif @use_headers + return self.class::Row.new(Array.new, Array.new) + else + return Array.new + end + end + end + + parts = parse.split(@col_sep, -1) + if parts.empty? + if in_extended_col + csv[-1] << @col_sep # will be replaced with a @row_sep after the parts.each loop + else + csv << nil + end + end + + # This loop is the hot path of csv parsing. Some things may be non-dry + # for a reason. Make sure to benchmark when refactoring. + parts.each do |part| + if in_extended_col + # If we are continuing a previous column + if part[-1] == @quote_char && part.count(@quote_char) % 2 != 0 + # extended column ends + csv.last << part[0..-2] + if csv.last =~ @parsers[:stray_quote] + raise MalformedCSVError, + "Missing or stray quote in line #{lineno + 1}" + end + csv.last.gsub!(@quote_char * 2, @quote_char) + in_extended_col = false + else + csv.last << part + csv.last << @col_sep + end + elsif part[0] == @quote_char + # If we are staring a new quoted column + if part[-1] != @quote_char || part.count(@quote_char) % 2 != 0 + # start an extended column + csv << part[1..-1] + csv.last << @col_sep + in_extended_col = true + else + # regular quoted column + csv << part[1..-2] + if csv.last =~ @parsers[:stray_quote] + raise MalformedCSVError, + "Missing or stray quote in line #{lineno + 1}" + end + csv.last.gsub!(@quote_char * 2, @quote_char) + end + elsif part =~ @parsers[:quote_or_nl] + # Unquoted field with bad characters. + if part =~ @parsers[:nl_or_lf] + raise MalformedCSVError, "Unquoted fields do not allow " + + "\\r or \\n (line #{lineno + 1})." + else + raise MalformedCSVError, "Illegal quoting in line #{lineno + 1}." + end + else + # Regular ole unquoted field. + csv << (part.empty? ? nil : part) + end + end + + # Replace tacked on @col_sep with @row_sep if we are still in an extended + # column. + csv[-1][-1] = @row_sep if in_extended_col + + if in_extended_col + # if we're at eof?(), a quoted field wasn't closed... + if @io.eof? + raise MalformedCSVError, + "Unclosed quoted field on line #{lineno + 1}." + elsif @field_size_limit and csv.last.size >= @field_size_limit + raise MalformedCSVError, "Field size exceeded on line #{lineno + 1}." + end + # otherwise, we need to loop and pull some more data to complete the row + else + @lineno += 1 + + # save fields unconverted fields, if needed... + unconverted = csv.dup if @unconverted_fields + + # convert fields, if needed... + csv = convert_fields(csv) unless @use_headers or @converters.empty? + # parse out header rows and handle CSV::Row conversions... + csv = parse_headers(csv) if @use_headers + + # inject unconverted fields and accessor, if requested... + if @unconverted_fields and not csv.respond_to? :unconverted_fields + add_unconverted_fields(csv, unconverted) + end + + # return the results + break csv + end + end + end + alias_method :gets, :shift + alias_method :readline, :shift + + # + # Returns a simplified description of the key CSV attributes in an + # ASCII compatible String. + # + def inspect + str = ["<#", self.class.to_s, " io_type:"] + # show type of wrapped IO + if @io == $stdout then str << "$stdout" + elsif @io == $stdin then str << "$stdin" + elsif @io == $stderr then str << "$stderr" + else str << @io.class.to_s + end + # show IO.path(), if available + if @io.respond_to?(:path) and (p = @io.path) + str << " io_path:" << p.inspect + end + # show encoding + str << " encoding:" << @encoding.name + # show other attributes + %w[ lineno col_sep row_sep + quote_char skip_blanks ].each do |attr_name| + if a = instance_variable_get("@#{attr_name}") + str << " " << attr_name << ":" << a.inspect + end + end + if @use_headers + str << " headers:" << headers.inspect + end + str << ">" + begin + str.join('') + rescue # any encoding error + str.map do |s| + e = Encoding::Converter.asciicompat_encoding(s.encoding) + e ? s.encode(e) : s.force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT") + end.join('') + end + end + + private + + # + # Stores the indicated separators for later use. + # + # If auto-discovery was requested for <tt>@row_sep</tt>, this method will read + # ahead in the <tt>@io</tt> and try to find one. +ARGF+, +STDIN+, +STDOUT+, + # +STDERR+ and any stream open for output only with a default + # <tt>@row_sep</tt> of <tt>$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR</tt> (<tt>$/</tt>). + # + # This method also establishes the quoting rules used for CSV output. + # + def init_separators(options) + # store the selected separators + @col_sep = options.delete(:col_sep).to_s.encode(@encoding) + @row_sep = options.delete(:row_sep) # encode after resolving :auto + @quote_char = options.delete(:quote_char).to_s.encode(@encoding) + + if @quote_char.length != 1 + raise ArgumentError, ":quote_char has to be a single character String" + end + + # + # automatically discover row separator when requested + # (not fully encoding safe) + # + if @row_sep == :auto + if [ARGF, STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR].include?(@io) or + (defined?(Zlib) and @io.class == Zlib::GzipWriter) + @row_sep = $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR + else + begin + # + # remember where we were (pos() will raise an axception if @io is pipe + # or not opened for reading) + # + saved_pos = @io.pos + while @row_sep == :auto + # + # if we run out of data, it's probably a single line + # (ensure will set default value) + # + break unless sample = @io.gets(nil, 1024) + # extend sample if we're unsure of the line ending + if sample.end_with? encode_str("\r") + sample << (@io.gets(nil, 1) || "") + end + + # try to find a standard separator + if sample =~ encode_re("\r\n?|\n") + @row_sep = $& + break + end + end + + # tricky seek() clone to work around GzipReader's lack of seek() + @io.rewind + # reset back to the remembered position + while saved_pos > 1024 # avoid loading a lot of data into memory + @io.read(1024) + saved_pos -= 1024 + end + @io.read(saved_pos) if saved_pos.nonzero? + rescue IOError # not opened for reading + # do nothing: ensure will set default + rescue NoMethodError # Zlib::GzipWriter doesn't have some IO methods + # do nothing: ensure will set default + rescue SystemCallError # pipe + # do nothing: ensure will set default + ensure + # + # set default if we failed to detect + # (stream not opened for reading, a pipe, or a single line of data) + # + @row_sep = $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR if @row_sep == :auto + end + end + end + @row_sep = @row_sep.to_s.encode(@encoding) + + # establish quoting rules + @force_quotes = options.delete(:force_quotes) + do_quote = lambda do |field| + field = String(field) + encoded_quote = @quote_char.encode(field.encoding) + encoded_quote + + field.gsub(encoded_quote, encoded_quote * 2) + + encoded_quote + end + quotable_chars = encode_str("\r\n", @col_sep, @quote_char) + @quote = if @force_quotes + do_quote + else + lambda do |field| + if field.nil? # represent +nil+ fields as empty unquoted fields + "" + else + field = String(field) # Stringify fields + # represent empty fields as empty quoted fields + if field.empty? or + field.count(quotable_chars).nonzero? + do_quote.call(field) + else + field # unquoted field + end + end + end + end + end + + # Pre-compiles parsers and stores them by name for access during reads. + def init_parsers(options) + # store the parser behaviors + @skip_blanks = options.delete(:skip_blanks) + @field_size_limit = options.delete(:field_size_limit) + + # prebuild Regexps for faster parsing + esc_row_sep = escape_re(@row_sep) + esc_quote = escape_re(@quote_char) + @parsers = { + # for detecting parse errors + quote_or_nl: encode_re("[", esc_quote, "\r\n]"), + nl_or_lf: encode_re("[\r\n]"), + stray_quote: encode_re( "[^", esc_quote, "]", esc_quote, + "[^", esc_quote, "]" ), + # safer than chomp!() + line_end: encode_re(esc_row_sep, "\\z"), + # illegal unquoted characters + return_newline: encode_str("\r\n") + } + end + + # + # Loads any converters requested during construction. + # + # If +field_name+ is set <tt>:converters</tt> (the default) field converters + # are set. When +field_name+ is <tt>:header_converters</tt> header converters + # are added instead. + # + # The <tt>:unconverted_fields</tt> option is also actived for + # <tt>:converters</tt> calls, if requested. + # + def init_converters(options, field_name = :converters) + if field_name == :converters + @unconverted_fields = options.delete(:unconverted_fields) + end + + instance_variable_set("@#{field_name}", Array.new) + + # find the correct method to add the converters + convert = method(field_name.to_s.sub(/ers\Z/, "")) + + # load converters + unless options[field_name].nil? + # allow a single converter not wrapped in an Array + unless options[field_name].is_a? Array + options[field_name] = [options[field_name]] + end + # load each converter... + options[field_name].each do |converter| + if converter.is_a? Proc # custom code block + convert.call(&converter) + else # by name + convert.call(converter) + end + end + end + + options.delete(field_name) + end + + # Stores header row settings and loads header converters, if needed. + def init_headers(options) + @use_headers = options.delete(:headers) + @return_headers = options.delete(:return_headers) + @write_headers = options.delete(:write_headers) + + # headers must be delayed until shift(), in case they need a row of content + @headers = nil + + init_converters(options, :header_converters) + end + + # + # The actual work method for adding converters, used by both CSV.convert() and + # CSV.header_convert(). + # + # This method requires the +var_name+ of the instance variable to place the + # converters in, the +const+ Hash to lookup named converters in, and the + # normal parameters of the CSV.convert() and CSV.header_convert() methods. + # + def add_converter(var_name, const, name = nil, &converter) + if name.nil? # custom converter + instance_variable_get("@#{var_name}") << converter + else # named converter + combo = const[name] + case combo + when Array # combo converter + combo.each do |converter_name| + add_converter(var_name, const, converter_name) + end + else # individual named converter + instance_variable_get("@#{var_name}") << combo + end + end + end + + # + # Processes +fields+ with <tt>@converters</tt>, or <tt>@header_converters</tt> + # if +headers+ is passed as +true+, returning the converted field set. Any + # converter that changes the field into something other than a String halts + # the pipeline of conversion for that field. This is primarily an efficiency + # shortcut. + # + def convert_fields(fields, headers = false) + # see if we are converting headers or fields + converters = headers ? @header_converters : @converters + + fields.map.with_index do |field, index| + converters.each do |converter| + field = if converter.arity == 1 # straight field converter + converter[field] + else # FieldInfo converter + header = @use_headers && !headers ? @headers[index] : nil + converter[field, FieldInfo.new(index, lineno, header)] + end + break unless field.is_a? String # short-curcuit pipeline for speed + end + field # final state of each field, converted or original + end + end + + # + # This method is used to turn a finished +row+ into a CSV::Row. Header rows + # are also dealt with here, either by returning a CSV::Row with identical + # headers and fields (save that the fields do not go through the converters) + # or by reading past them to return a field row. Headers are also saved in + # <tt>@headers</tt> for use in future rows. + # + # When +nil+, +row+ is assumed to be a header row not based on an actual row + # of the stream. + # + def parse_headers(row = nil) + if @headers.nil? # header row + @headers = case @use_headers # save headers + # Array of headers + when Array then @use_headers + # CSV header String + when String + self.class.parse_line( @use_headers, + col_sep: @col_sep, + row_sep: @row_sep, + quote_char: @quote_char ) + # first row is headers + else row + end + + # prepare converted and unconverted copies + row = @headers if row.nil? + @headers = convert_fields(@headers, true) + + if @return_headers # return headers + return self.class::Row.new(@headers, row, true) + elsif not [Array, String].include? @use_headers.class # skip to field row + return shift + end + end + + self.class::Row.new(@headers, convert_fields(row)) # field row + end + + # + # This method injects an instance variable <tt>unconverted_fields</tt> into + # +row+ and an accessor method for +row+ called unconverted_fields(). The + # variable is set to the contents of +fields+. + # + def add_unconverted_fields(row, fields) + class << row + attr_reader :unconverted_fields + end + row.instance_eval { @unconverted_fields = fields } + row + end + + # + # This method is an encoding safe version of Regexp::escape(). It will escape + # any characters that would change the meaning of a regular expression in the + # encoding of +str+. Regular expression characters that cannot be transcoded + # to the target encoding will be skipped and no escaping will be performed if + # a backslash cannot be transcoded. + # + def escape_re(str) + str.gsub(@re_chars) {|c| @re_esc + c} + end + + # + # Builds a regular expression in <tt>@encoding</tt>. All +chunks+ will be + # transcoded to that encoding. + # + def encode_re(*chunks) + Regexp.new(encode_str(*chunks)) + end + + # + # Builds a String in <tt>@encoding</tt>. All +chunks+ will be transcoded to + # that encoding. + # + def encode_str(*chunks) + chunks.map { |chunk| chunk.encode(@encoding.name) }.join('') + end + + private + + # + # Returns the encoding of the internal IO object or the +default+ if the + # encoding cannot be determined. + # + def raw_encoding(default = Encoding::ASCII_8BIT) + if @io.respond_to? :internal_encoding + @io.internal_encoding || @io.external_encoding + elsif @io.is_a? StringIO + @io.string.encoding + elsif @io.respond_to? :encoding + @io.encoding + else + default + end + end +end + +# Another name for CSV::instance(). +def CSV(*args, &block) + CSV.instance(*args, &block) +end + +class Array + # Equivalent to <tt>CSV::generate_line(self, options)</tt>. + def to_csv(options = Hash.new) + CSV.generate_line(self, options) + end +end + +class String + # Equivalent to <tt>CSV::parse_line(self, options)</tt>. + def parse_csv(options = Hash.new) + CSV.parse_line(self, options) + end +end |