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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc | 36 |
1 files changed, 29 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc b/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc index adfe6485a4..a1806e4c48 100644 --- a/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc +++ b/doc/syntax/assignment.rdoc @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ = Assignment -In Ruby assignment uses the <code>=</code> (equals sign) character. This +In Ruby, assignment uses the <code>=</code> (equals sign) character. This example assigns the number five to the local variable +v+: v = 5 @@ -92,8 +92,9 @@ Now any reference to +big_calculation+ is considered a local variable and will be cached. To call the method, use <code>self.big_calculation</code>. You can force a method call by using empty argument parentheses as shown above -or by using an explicit receiver like <code>self.</code>. Using an explicit -receiver may raise a NameError if the method's visibility is not public. +or by using an explicit receiver like <code>self</code>. Using an explicit +receiver may raise a NameError if the method's visibility is not public or the +receiver is the literal <code>self</code>. Another commonly confusing case is when using a modifier +if+: @@ -109,6 +110,28 @@ The confusion comes from the out-of-order execution of the expression. First the local variable is assigned-to then you attempt to call a nonexistent method. +== Local Variables and eval + +Using +eval+ to evaluate Ruby code will allow access to local variables defined +in the same scope, even if the local variables are not defined until after the +call to +eval+. However, local variables defined inside the call to +eval+ +will not be reflected in the surrounding scope. Inside the call to +eval+, +local variables defined in the surrounding scope and local variables defined +inside the call to +eval+ will be accessible. However, you will not be able +to access local variables defined in previous or subsequent calls to +eval+ in +the same scope. Consider each +eval+ call a separate nested scope. Example: + + def m + eval "bar = 1" + lvs = eval "baz = 2; ary = [local_variables, foo, baz]; x = 2; ary" + eval "quux = 3" + foo = 1 + lvs << local_variables + end + + m + # => [[:baz, :ary, :x, :lvs, :foo], nil, 2, [:lvs, :foo]] + == Instance Variables Instance variables are shared across all methods for the same object. @@ -137,7 +160,7 @@ Here is an example of instance variable usage: p object2.value # prints "other value" An uninitialized instance variable has a value of +nil+. If you run Ruby with -warnings enabled you will get a warning when accessing an uninitialized +warnings enabled, you will get a warning when accessing an uninitialized instance variable. The +value+ method has access to the value set by the +initialize+ method, but @@ -279,7 +302,7 @@ to an instance variable most people use Module#attr_accessor: end When using method assignment you must always have a receiver. If you do not -have a receiver Ruby assumes you are assigning to a local variable: +have a receiver, Ruby assumes you are assigning to a local variable: class C attr_accessor :value @@ -409,7 +432,7 @@ You can use multiple assignment to swap two values in-place: # prints {:new_value=>1, :old_value=>2} If you have more values on the right hand side of the assignment than variables -on the left hand side the extra values are ignored: +on the left hand side, the extra values are ignored: a, b = 1, 2, 3 @@ -452,4 +475,3 @@ Since each decomposition is considered its own multiple assignment you can use p a: a, b: b, c: c, d: d # prints {:a=>1, :b=>2, :c=>[3, 4], :d=>[5, 6]} - |
