Finer-grained inline constant cache invalidation

Current behavior - caches depend on a global counter. All constant mutations cause caches to be invalidated.

```ruby
class A
  B = 1
end

def foo
  A::B # inline cache depends on global counter
end

foo # populate inline cache
foo # hit inline cache

C = 1 # global counter increments, all caches are invalidated

foo # misses inline cache due to `C = 1`
```

Proposed behavior - caches depend on name components. Only constant mutations with corresponding names will invalidate the cache.

```ruby
class A
  B = 1
end

def foo
  A::B # inline cache depends constants named "A" and "B"
end

foo # populate inline cache
foo # hit inline cache

C = 1 # caches that depend on the name "C" are invalidated

foo # hits inline cache because IC only depends on "A" and "B"
```

Examples of breaking the new cache:

```ruby
module C
  # Breaks `foo` cache because "A" constant is set and the cache in foo depends
  # on "A" and "B"
  class A; end
end

B = 1
```

We expect the new cache scheme to be invalidated less often because names aren't frequently reused. With the cache being invalidated less, we can rely on its stability more to keep our constant references fast and reduce the need to throw away generated code in YJIT.

1 files changed, 12 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/insns.def b/insns.def
index c3b2eb9a97..cdec216cfe 100644
--- a/insns.def
+++ b/insns.def
@@ -1028,12 +1028,23 @@ opt_getinlinecache
 (VALUE val)
 {
     struct iseq_inline_constant_cache_entry *ice = ic->entry;
+
+    // If there isn't an entry, then we're going to walk through the ISEQ
+    // starting at this instruction until we get to the associated
+    // opt_setinlinecache and associate this inline cache with every getconstant
+    // listed in between. We're doing this here instead of when the instructions
+    // are first compiled because it's possible to turn off inline caches and we
+    // want this to work in either case.
+    if (!ice) {
+        vm_ic_compile(GET_CFP(), ic);
+    }
+
     if (ice && vm_ic_hit_p(ice, GET_EP())) {
         val = ice->value;
         JUMP(dst);
     }
     else {
-	val = Qnil;
+        val = Qnil;
     }
 }