* error.c (exc_exception): clone the receiver exception instead of

  creating brand new exception object of the receiver.

* eval.c (rb_eval_string_wrap): extend new ruby_top_self, not
  original self.

* eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): respect ruby_wrapper if set.

* eval.c (eval): do not update ruby_class unless scope is not
  provided.

* eval.c (eval): preserve wrapper information.

* eval.c (proc_invoke): ditto.

* eval.c (block_pass): ditto.

* parse.y (void_expr): too much warnings for void context
  (e.g. foo[1] that can be mere Proc call).

* error.c (rb_name_error): new function to raise NameError with
  name attribute set.

* eval.c (rb_f_missing): set name and args in the exception
  object. [new]

* error.c (name_name): NameError#name - new method.

* error.c (nometh_args): NoMethodError#args - new method.

* lex.c (rb_reserved_word): lex_state after tRESCUE should be
  EXPR_MID.

* gc.c (add_heap): allocation size of the heap unit is doubled for
  each allocation.

* dir.c (isdelim): space, tab, and newline are no longer
  delimiters for glob patterns.

* eval.c (svalue_to_avalue): new conversion scheme between single
  value and array values.

* eval.c (avalue_to_svalue): ditto.

* eval.c (rb_eval): REXPAND now uses avalue_to_svalue(), return
  and yield too.

* eval.c (rb_yield_0): use avalue_to_svalue().

* eval.c (proc_invoke): Proc#call gives avaules, whereas
  Proc#yield gives mvalues.

* eval.c (bmcall): convert given value (svalue) to avalue.


git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@1555 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

24 files changed, 373 insertions, 163 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 9b1cde1359..338e6d0e01 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,48 @@
+Mon Jul  2 17:22:00 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (exc_exception): clone the receiver exception instead of
+	  creating brand new exception object of the receiver.
+
+Mon Jul  2 09:53:12 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval_string_wrap): extend new ruby_top_self, not
+	  original self.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval_cmd): respect ruby_wrapper if set.
+
+	* eval.c (eval): do not update ruby_class unless scope is not
+	  provided.
+
+Sun Jul  1 10:51:15 2001  Shugo Maeda <shugo@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (eval): preserve wrapper information.
+
+	* eval.c (proc_invoke): ditto.
+
+	* eval.c (block_pass): ditto.
+
+Sat Jun 30 02:55:45 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* parse.y (void_expr): too much warnings for void context
+	  (e.g. foo[1] that can be mere Proc call).
+
+Fri Jun 29 17:23:18 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* error.c (rb_name_error): new function to raise NameError with
+	  name attribute set.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_f_missing): set name and args in the exception
+	  object. [new]
+
+	* error.c (name_name): NameError#name - new method.
+
+	* error.c (nometh_args): NoMethodError#args - new method.
+
+Fri Jun 29 15:29:31 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* lex.c (rb_reserved_word): lex_state after tRESCUE should be
+	  EXPR_MID.
+
 Thu Jun 28 00:21:28 2001  Keiju Ishitsuka <keiju@ishitsuka.com>
 
 	* lib/matrix.rb: resolve 'ruby -w' warnings.
@@ -23,6 +68,33 @@ Wed Jun 27 08:53:26 2001  Minero Aoki  <aamine@loveruby.net>
 
 	* lib/net/protocol.rb,smtp.rb,pop.rb,http.rb: add document.
 
+Tue Jun 26 18:42:42 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* gc.c (add_heap): allocation size of the heap unit is doubled for
+	  each allocation.
+
+Mon Jun 25 09:54:48 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* dir.c (isdelim): space, tab, and newline are no longer
+	  delimiters for glob patterns.
+
+Sat Jun 23 22:28:52 2001  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
+
+	* eval.c (svalue_to_avalue): new conversion scheme between single
+	  value and array values.
+
+	* eval.c (avalue_to_svalue): ditto.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_eval): REXPAND now uses avalue_to_svalue(), return
+	  and yield too.
+
+	* eval.c (rb_yield_0): use avalue_to_svalue().
+
+	* eval.c (proc_invoke): Proc#call gives avaules, whereas
+	  Proc#yield gives mvalues.
+
+	* eval.c (bmcall): convert given value (svalue) to avalue.
+
 Sat Jun 23 18:28:52 2001  Akinori MUSHA  <knu@iDaemons.org>
 
 	* ext/readline/readline.c (readline_event): a non-void function
diff --git a/array.c b/array.c
index d0f6977a13..1b7a6fa455 100644
--- a/array.c
+++ b/array.c
@@ -419,28 +419,31 @@ rb_ary_aref(argc, argv, ary)
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE ary;
 {
-    VALUE arg1, arg2;
+    VALUE arg;
     long beg, len;
 
-    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &arg1, &arg2) == 2) {
-	beg = NUM2LONG(arg1);
-	len = NUM2LONG(arg2);
+    if (argc == 2) {
+	beg = NUM2LONG(argv[0]);
+	len = NUM2LONG(argv[1]);
 	if (beg < 0) {
 	    beg += RARRAY(ary)->len;
 	}
 	return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
     }
-
+    if (argc != 1) {
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", 0, 0);
+    }
+    arg = argv[0];
     /* special case - speeding up */
-    if (FIXNUM_P(arg1)) {
-	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(arg1));
+    if (FIXNUM_P(arg)) {
+	return rb_ary_entry(ary, FIX2LONG(arg));
     }
-    else if (TYPE(arg1) == T_BIGNUM) {
+    else if (TYPE(arg) == T_BIGNUM) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index too big");
     }
     else {
 	/* check if idx is Range */
-	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg1, &beg, &len, RARRAY(ary)->len, 0)) {
+	switch (rb_range_beg_len(arg, &beg, &len, RARRAY(ary)->len, 0)) {
 	  case Qfalse:
 	    break;
 	  case Qnil:
@@ -449,7 +452,7 @@ rb_ary_aref(argc, argv, ary)
 	    return rb_ary_subseq(ary, beg, len);
 	}
     }
-    return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(arg1));
+    return rb_ary_entry(ary, NUM2LONG(arg));
 }
 
 static VALUE
diff --git a/class.c b/class.c
index 0f5dcd709d..6f6c5d2b85 100644
--- a/class.c
+++ b/class.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ rb_define_class(name, super)
     id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined(rb_cObject, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, id);
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "%s is already defined", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "%s is already defined", name);
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
     st_add_direct(rb_class_tbl, id, klass);
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ rb_define_class_under(outer, name, super)
     id = rb_intern(name);
     if (rb_const_defined_at(outer, id)) {
 	klass = rb_const_get(outer, id);
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "%s is already defined", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "%s is already defined", name);
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
     rb_const_set(outer, id, klass);
diff --git a/compar.c b/compar.c
index 6ae4b1af40..86494e27c5 100644
--- a/compar.c
+++ b/compar.c
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ cmp_equal(x, y)
     if (x == y) return Qtrue;
 
     a[0] = x; a[1] = y;
-    return rb_rescue2(cmp_eq, (VALUE)a, cmp_failed, 0,
-		      rb_eStandardError, rb_eNameError, 0);
+    return rb_rescue(cmp_eq, (VALUE)a, cmp_failed, 0);
 }
 
 static VALUE
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index e778b4a922..d2c2796c47 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ has_magic(s, send, flags)
 	  case '*':
 	    return Qtrue;
 
-	  case '[':		/* Only accept an open brace if there is a close */
-	    open++;		/* brace to match it.  Bracket expressions must be */
+	  case '[':	/* Only accept an open brace if there is a close */
+	    open++;	/* brace to match it.  Bracket expressions must be */
 	    continue;	/* complete, according to Posix.2 */
 	  case ']':
 	    if (open)
@@ -596,6 +596,7 @@ static void
 remove_backslashes(p)
     char *p;
 {
+#if defined DOSISH
     char *pend = p + strlen(p);
     char *t = p;
 
@@ -606,6 +607,7 @@ remove_backslashes(p)
 	*t++ = *p++;
     }
     *t = '\0';
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef S_ISDIR
@@ -845,7 +847,7 @@ push_braces(ary, s)
     }
 }
 
-#define isdelim(c) ((c)==' '||(c)=='\t'||(c)=='\n'||(c)=='\0')
+#define isdelim(c) ((c)=='\0')
 
 static VALUE
 dir_s_glob(dir, str)
diff --git a/dln.c b/dln.c
index 6910fa91d3..4d9f541cf7 100644
--- a/dln.c
+++ b/dln.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ int eaccess();
 #endif
 
 #ifndef FUNCNAME_PATTERN
-# if defined(__hp9000s300) ||  (defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && __FreeBSD__ < 3) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+# if defined(__hp9000s300) ||  (defined(__NetBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || (defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__ELF__)) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(NeXT) || defined(__WATCOMC__) || defined(__APPLE__)
 #  define FUNCNAME_PATTERN "_Init_%s"
 # else
 #  define FUNCNAME_PATTERN "Init_%s"
diff --git a/error.c b/error.c
index a2c3715fd6..7f196bad04 100644
--- a/error.c
+++ b/error.c
@@ -322,15 +322,11 @@ exc_exception(argc, argv, self)
     VALUE *argv;
     VALUE self;
 {
-    VALUE etype, exc;
+    VALUE exc;
 
     if (argc == 0) return self;
     if (argc == 1 && self == argv[0]) return self;
-    etype = CLASS_OF(self);
-    while (FL_TEST(etype, FL_SINGLETON)) {
-	etype = RCLASS(etype)->super;
-    }
-    exc = rb_obj_alloc(etype);
+    exc = rb_obj_clone(self);
     rb_obj_call_init(exc, argc, argv);
 
     return exc;
@@ -417,6 +413,43 @@ exit_status(exc)
     return rb_iv_get(exc, "status");
 }
 
+void
+#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
+rb_name_error(ID id, const char *fmt, ...)
+#else
+rb_name_error(id, fmt, va_alist)
+    ID id;
+    const char *fmt;
+    va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+    VALUE exc;
+
+    va_list args;
+    char buf[BUFSIZ];
+
+    va_init_list(args, fmt);
+    vsnprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    exc = rb_exc_new2(rb_eLoadError, buf);
+    rb_iv_set(exc, "name", ID2SYM(id));
+    rb_exc_raise(exc);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+name_name(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_iv_get(self, "name");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+nometh_args(self)
+    VALUE self;
+{
+    return rb_iv_get(self, "args");
+}
+
 #ifdef __BEOS__
 typedef struct {
    VALUE *list;
@@ -594,7 +627,9 @@ Init_Exception()
     rb_eIndexError    = rb_define_class("IndexError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_eRangeError    = rb_define_class("RangeError", rb_eStandardError);
     rb_eNameError     = rb_define_class("NameError", rb_eStandardError);
+    rb_define_method(rb_eNameError, "name", name_name, 0);
     rb_eNoMethodError = rb_define_class("NoMethodError", rb_eNameError);
+    rb_define_method(rb_eNoMethodError, "args", nometh_args, 0);
 
     rb_eScriptError = rb_define_class("ScriptError", rb_eException);
     rb_eSyntaxError = rb_define_class("SyntaxError", rb_eScriptError);
diff --git a/eval.c b/eval.c
index 74ef5030e9..f8d1ea894c 100644
--- a/eval.c
+++ b/eval.c
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ print_undef(klass, id)
     VALUE klass;
     ID id;
 {
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "undefined method `%s' for %s `%s'",
-	     rb_id2name(id), 
-	     (TYPE(klass) == T_MODULE)?"module":"class",
-	     rb_class2name(klass));
+    rb_name_error(id, "undefined method `%s' for %s `%s'",
+		  rb_id2name(id), 
+		  (TYPE(klass) == T_MODULE)?"module":"class",
+		  rb_class2name(klass));
 }
 
 static ID removed, singleton_removed, undefined, singleton_undefined;
@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ remove_method(klass, mid)
     }
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(klass)) rb_error_frozen("class/module");
     if (!st_delete(RCLASS(klass)->m_tbl, &mid, &body)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "method `%s' not defined in %s",
-		 rb_id2name(mid), rb_class2name(klass));
+	rb_name_error(mid, "method `%s' not defined in %s",
+		      rb_id2name(mid), rb_class2name(klass));
     }
     rb_clear_cache_by_id(mid);
     if (FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
@@ -546,6 +546,7 @@ struct BLOCK {
     int flags;
     struct RVarmap *dyna_vars;
     VALUE orig_thread;
+    VALUE wrapper;
     struct BLOCK *prev;
 };
 
@@ -1273,7 +1274,7 @@ rb_eval_string_wrap(str, state)
     PUSH_CLASS();
     ruby_class = ruby_wrapper = rb_module_new();
     ruby_top_self = rb_obj_clone(ruby_top_self);
-    rb_extend_object(self, ruby_class);
+    rb_extend_object(ruby_top_self, ruby_class);
 
     val = rb_eval_string_protect(str, &status);
     ruby_top_self = self;
@@ -1336,7 +1337,7 @@ rb_eval_cmd(cmd, arg)
     saved_scope = ruby_scope;
     ruby_scope = top_scope;
 
-    ruby_class = rb_cObject;
+    ruby_class = ruby_wrapper ? ruby_wrapper : rb_cObject;
     if (OBJ_TAINTED(cmd)) {
 	ruby_safe_level = 4;
     }
@@ -1545,8 +1546,8 @@ rb_undef(klass, id)
 	else if (TYPE(c) == T_MODULE) {
 	    s0 = " module";
 	}
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "undefined method `%s' for%s `%s'",
-		 rb_id2name(id),s0,rb_class2name(c));
+	rb_name_error(id, "undefined method `%s' for%s `%s'",
+		      rb_id2name(id),s0,rb_class2name(c));
     }
     rb_add_method(klass, id, 0, NOEX_PUBLIC);
     rb_clear_cache_by_id(id);
@@ -2378,7 +2379,7 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
 
       case NODE_BREAK:
 	if (node->nd_stts) {
- 	    return_value(rb_eval(self, node->nd_stts));
+ 	    return_value(avalue_to_svalue(rb_eval(self, node->nd_stts)));
  	}
 	else {
 	    return_value(Qnil);
@@ -2388,7 +2389,7 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
 
       case NODE_NEXT:
 	if (node->nd_stts) {
- 	    return_value(rb_eval(self, node->nd_stts));
+ 	    return_value(avalue_to_svalue(rb_eval(self, node->nd_stts)));
  	}
 	else {
 	    return_value(Qnil);
@@ -2616,8 +2617,9 @@ rb_eval(self, n)
 	    TMP_PROTECT;
 
 	    if (ruby_frame->last_class == 0) {	
-		rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "superclass method `%s' disabled",
-			 rb_id2name(ruby_frame->last_func));
+		rb_name_error(ruby_frame->last_func,
+			      "superclass method `%s' disabled",
+			      rb_id2name(ruby_frame->last_func));
 	    }
 	    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ZSUPER) {
 		argc = ruby_frame->argc;
@@ -4119,7 +4121,6 @@ rb_f_missing(argc, argv, obj)
     }
 
     id = SYM2ID(argv[0]);
-    argc--; argv++;
 
     switch (TYPE(obj)) {
       case T_NIL:
@@ -4167,9 +4168,17 @@ rb_f_missing(argc, argv, obj)
     PUSH_FRAME();		/* fake frame */
     *ruby_frame = *_frame.prev->prev;
 
-    rb_raise(exc, format, rb_id2name(id),
-	     desc, desc[0]=='#'?"":":",
-	     desc[0]=='#'?"":rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+    {
+	char buf[BUFSIZ];
+
+	snprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, format, rb_id2name(id),
+		 desc, desc[0]=='#'?"":":",
+		 desc[0]=='#'?"":rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(obj)));
+	exc = rb_exc_new2(exc, buf);
+	rb_iv_set(exc, "name", argv[0]);
+	rb_iv_set(exc, "args", rb_ary_new4(argc-1, argv+1));
+	rb_exc_raise(exc);
+    }
     POP_FRAME();
 
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
@@ -4195,15 +4204,15 @@ rb_undefined(obj, id, argc, argv, call_status)
 }
 
 #ifdef DJGPP
-static int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 65535;
+static unsigned int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 65535;
 #else
 #ifdef __human68k__
-extern int _stacksize;
+extern unsigned int _stacksize;
 # define STACK_LEVEL_MAX (_stacksize - 4096)
 #undef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
 #else
 #ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
-static int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 655300;
+static unsigned int STACK_LEVEL_MAX = 655300;
 #else
 # define STACK_LEVEL_MAX 655300
 #endif
@@ -4586,8 +4595,8 @@ rb_call(klass, recv, mid, argc, argv, scope)
     }
     else if ((body = rb_get_method_body(&klass, &id, &noex)) == 0) {
 	if (scope == 3) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "super: no superclass method `%s'",
-		     rb_id2name(mid));
+	    rb_name_error(mid, "super: no superclass method `%s'",
+			  rb_id2name(mid));
 	}
 	return rb_undefined(recv, mid, argc, argv, scope==2?CSTAT_VCALL:0);
     }
@@ -4712,8 +4721,8 @@ rb_call_super(argc, argv)
     VALUE result;
 
     if (ruby_frame->last_class == 0) {	
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "superclass method `%s' must be enabled by rb_enable_super()",
-		 rb_id2name(ruby_frame->last_func));
+	rb_name_error(ruby_frame->last_func, "superclass method `%s' must be enabled by rb_enable_super()",
+		      rb_id2name(ruby_frame->last_func));
     }
 
     PUSH_ITER(ruby_iter->iter?ITER_PRE:ITER_NOT);
@@ -4843,6 +4852,7 @@ eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
     struct RVarmap * volatile old_dyna_vars;
     VALUE volatile old_cref;
     int volatile old_vmode;
+    volatile VALUE old_wrapper;
     struct FRAME frame;
     char *filesave = ruby_sourcefile;
     int linesave = ruby_sourceline;
@@ -4853,6 +4863,7 @@ eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
 	file = ruby_sourcefile;
 	line = ruby_sourceline;
     }
+    PUSH_CLASS();
     if (!NIL_P(scope)) {
 	if (!rb_obj_is_block(scope)) {
 	    rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type %s (expected Proc/Binding)",
@@ -4874,17 +4885,18 @@ eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
 	scope_vmode = data->vmode;
 	old_cref = (VALUE)ruby_cref;
 	ruby_cref = (NODE*)ruby_frame->cbase;
+	old_wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
+	ruby_wrapper = data->wrapper;
 
 	self = data->self;
 	ruby_frame->iter = data->iter;
+	ruby_class = ruby_cbase;
     }
     else {
 	if (ruby_frame->prev) {
 	    ruby_frame->iter = ruby_frame->prev->iter;
 	}
     }
-    PUSH_CLASS();
-    ruby_class = ruby_cbase;
 
     ruby_in_eval++;
     if (TYPE(ruby_class) == T_ICLASS) {
@@ -4909,6 +4921,7 @@ eval(self, src, scope, file, line)
     if (!NIL_P(scope)) {
 	int dont_recycle = ruby_scope->flags & SCOPE_DONT_RECYCLE;
 
+	ruby_wrapper = old_wrapper;
 	ruby_cref  = (NODE*)old_cref;
 	ruby_frame = frame.tmp;
 	ruby_scope = old_scope;
@@ -6079,6 +6092,7 @@ blk_mark(data)
 	rb_gc_mark((VALUE)data->dyna_vars);
 	rb_gc_mark((VALUE)data->klass);
 	rb_gc_mark((VALUE)data->tag);
+	rb_gc_mark(data->wrapper);
 	data = data->prev;
     }
 }
@@ -6194,6 +6208,7 @@ rb_f_binding(self)
     *data = *ruby_block;
 
     data->orig_thread = rb_thread_current();
+    data->wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
     data->iter = rb_f_block_given_p();
     frame_dup(&data->frame);
     if (ruby_frame->prev) {
@@ -6283,6 +6298,7 @@ proc_new(klass)
     *data = *ruby_block;
 
     data->orig_thread = rb_thread_current();
+    data->wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
     data->iter = data->prev?Qtrue:Qfalse;
     frame_dup(&data->frame);
     if (data->iter) {
@@ -6352,6 +6368,7 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, pcall)
     int state;
     volatile int orphan;
     volatile int safe = ruby_safe_level;
+    volatile VALUE old_wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
 
     if (rb_block_given_p() && ruby_frame->last_func) {
 	rb_warning("block for %s#%s is useless",
@@ -6362,6 +6379,7 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, pcall)
     Data_Get_Struct(proc, struct BLOCK, data);
     orphan = blk_orphan(data);
 
+    ruby_wrapper = data->wrapper;
     /* PUSH BLOCK from data */
     old_block = ruby_block;
     _block = *data;
@@ -6387,6 +6405,7 @@ proc_invoke(proc, args, pcall)
 	state &= TAG_MASK;
     }
     ruby_block = old_block;
+    ruby_wrapper = old_wrapper;
     ruby_safe_level = safe;
 
     switch (state) {
@@ -6496,6 +6515,7 @@ block_pass(self, node)
     int state;
     volatile int orphan;
     volatile int safe = ruby_safe_level;
+    volatile VALUE old_wrapper = ruby_wrapper;
 
     if (NIL_P(block)) {
 	return rb_eval(self, node->nd_iter);
@@ -6511,6 +6531,8 @@ block_pass(self, node)
     Data_Get_Struct(block, struct BLOCK, data);
     orphan = blk_orphan(data);
 
+    ruby_wrapper = data->wrapper;
+
     /* PUSH BLOCK from data */
     old_block = ruby_block;
     _block = *data;
@@ -6548,6 +6570,7 @@ block_pass(self, node)
 	}
     }
     ruby_block = old_block;
+    ruby_wrapper = old_wrapper;
     ruby_safe_level = safe;
 
     switch (state) {/* escape from orphan procedure */
@@ -8989,7 +9012,7 @@ rb_f_throw(argc, argv)
 	tt = tt->prev;
     }
     if (!tt) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uncaught throw `%s'", rb_id2name(t));
+	rb_name_error(t, "uncaught throw `%s'", rb_id2name(t));
     }
     return_value(value);
     rb_trap_restore_mask();
diff --git a/ext/pty/lib/expect.rb b/ext/pty/lib/expect.rb
index 54c69edadb..5b5619e6b2 100644
--- a/ext/pty/lib/expect.rb
+++ b/ext/pty/lib/expect.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class IO
         break
       end
     end
-    if iterator? then
+    if block_given? then
       yield result
     else
       return result
diff --git a/ext/readline/README b/ext/readline/README
index affe51f9e6..1eb1f8bb64 100644
--- a/ext/readline/README
+++ b/ext/readline/README
@@ -1,63 +1,60 @@
-GNU Readline Libraryを利用するための拡張モジュールです。
+Extension for GNU Readline Library
 
-require "readline"
-include Readline
+Example:
 
-line = readline("Prompt> ", TRUE)
+  require "readline"
+  include Readline
 
-のように使用してください。
+  line = readline("Prompt> ", true)
 
 [Readline]
 
-<モジュール関数>
+<module function>
 
-readline(prompt, add=nil)
+readline(prompt, add_hostory=nil)
 
-  一行入力を読み込みます。
-  addがTRUEの場合、ヒストリに読み込んだ文字列を追加します。
+  Reads one line wit line edit.  the line is added to the
+  history also if "add" is true.
 
-<クラスメソッド>
+<class mehods>
 
 completion_proc = proc
 
-  補完時の動作を決定するProcオブジェクトを指定します。
-  procは引数に入力文字列を取り、候補文字列の配列を返すように
-  してください。
+  Specifies Proc object to determin completion behavior.  It
+  shoule take input-string, and return completion candidates.
 
 completion_proc
 
-  補完時の動作を決定するProcオブジェクトを返します。
+  Returns the completion Proc object.
 
-completion_case_fold = case_fold
+completion_case_fold = bool
 
-  補完時に大文字小文字を区別しない場合、TRUEを指定します。
+  Sets whether or not to ignore case on completion.
 
 completion_case_fold
 
-  補完時に大文字小文字を区別しない場合、TRUEを返します。
+  Returns true if completion ignores case.
 
 completion_append_character = char
 
-  補完時に付加される文字を文字列で指定します。先頭の一文字が
-  設定され、空文字列 ("") または nil を指定すると何も付加
-  されなくなります。
+  Specifies a chacatcter to be appended on completion.
+  Nothing will be appended if empty string ("") or nil is specified.
 
 completion_append_character
 
-  補完時に付加される文字を文字列で返します。デフォルトは
-  空白 (" ") です。
+  Returns a string contains a character to be appended on
+  completion.  The default is a space (" ").
 
 vi_editing_mode
 
-  VIモードになります。
+  Specifies VI editing mode.
 
 emacs_editing_mode
 
-  Emacsモードになります。
+  Specifies Emacs editing mode.
 
-<クラス定数>
+<class constants>
 
 HISTORY
 
-ヒストリに対する操作はこの定数を通して行ってください。
-配列と同じように扱えるようになっています。
+The history buffer.  It behaves just like an array.
diff --git a/ext/readline/README.jp b/ext/readline/README.jp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e342ca4300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/readline/README.jp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+GNU Readline Libraryを利用するための拡張モジュールです。
+
+require "readline"
+include Readline
+
+line = readline("Prompt> ", true)
+
+のように使用してください。
+
+[Readline]
+
+<モジュール関数>
+
+readline(prompt, add=nil)
+
+  一行入力を読み込みます。
+  addがtrueの場合、ヒストリに読み込んだ文字列を追加します。
+
+<クラスメソッド>
+
+completion_proc = proc
+
+  補完時の動作を決定するProcオブジェクトを指定します。
+  procは引数に入力文字列を取り、候補文字列の配列を返すように
+  してください。
+
+completion_proc
+
+  補完時の動作を決定するProcオブジェクトを返します。
+
+completion_case_fold = case_fold
+
+  補完時に大文字小文字を区別しない場合、trueを指定します。
+
+completion_case_fold
+
+  補完時に大文字小文字を区別しない場合、trueを返します。
+
+completion_append_character = char
+
+  補完時に付加される文字を文字列で指定します。先頭の一文字が
+  設定され、空文字列 ("") または nil を指定すると何も付加
+  されなくなります。
+
+completion_append_character
+
+  補完時に付加される文字を文字列で返します。デフォルトは
+  空白 (" ") です。
+
+vi_editing_mode
+
+  VIモードになります。
+
+emacs_editing_mode
+
+  Emacsモードになります。
+
+<クラス定数>
+
+HISTORY
+
+ヒストリに対する操作はこの定数を通して行ってください。
+配列と同じように扱えるようになっています。
diff --git a/gc.c b/gc.c
index cfe981d7ee..6c9a054db1 100644
--- a/gc.c
+++ b/gc.c
@@ -258,7 +258,10 @@ static RVALUE **heaps;
 static int heaps_length = 0;
 static int heaps_used   = 0;
 
-#define HEAP_SLOTS 10000
+#define HEAP_MIN_SLOTS 10000
+static int *heaps_limits;
+static int heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;
+
 #define FREE_MIN  4096
 
 static RVALUE *himem, *lomem;
@@ -275,13 +278,29 @@ add_heap()
 			(RVALUE**)realloc(heaps, heaps_length*sizeof(RVALUE*)):
 			(RVALUE**)malloc(heaps_length*sizeof(RVALUE*)));
 	if (heaps == 0) mem_error("heaps: can't alloc memory");
+	RUBY_CRITICAL(heaps_limits = (heaps_used>0)?
+			(int*)realloc(heaps_limits, heaps_length*sizeof(int)):
+			(int*)malloc(heaps_length*sizeof(int)));
+	if (heaps_limits == 0) mem_error("heaps_limits: can't alloc memory");
     }
 
-    RUBY_CRITICAL(p = heaps[heaps_used++] = (RVALUE*)malloc(sizeof(RVALUE)*HEAP_SLOTS));
-    if (p == 0) mem_error("add_heap: can't alloc memory");
-    pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+    for (;;) {
+	RUBY_CRITICAL(p = heaps[heaps_used] = (RVALUE*)malloc(sizeof(RVALUE)*heap_slots));
+	heaps_limits[heaps_used] = heap_slots;
+	if (p == 0) {
+	    if (heap_slots == HEAP_MIN_SLOTS) {
+		mem_error("add_heap: can't alloc memory");
+	    }
+	    heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;
+	    continue;
+	}
+	break;
+    }
+    pend = p + heap_slots;
     if (lomem == 0 || lomem > p) lomem = p;
     if (himem < pend) himem = pend;
+    heaps_used++;
+    heap_slots *= 2;
 
     while (p < pend) {
 	p->as.free.flags = 0;
@@ -337,8 +356,8 @@ is_pointer_to_heap(ptr)
     /* check if p looks like a pointer */
     for (i=0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
 	heap_org = heaps[i];
-	if (heap_org <= p && p < heap_org + HEAP_SLOTS
-	    && ((((char*)p)-((char*)heap_org))%sizeof(RVALUE)) == 0)
+	if (heap_org <= p && p < heap_org + heaps_limits[i] &&
+	    ((((char*)p)-((char*)heap_org))%sizeof(RVALUE)) == 0)
 	    return Qtrue;
     }
     return Qfalse;
@@ -512,6 +531,8 @@ rb_gc_mark(ptr)
 	  case NODE_DEFINED:
 	  case NODE_MATCH:
 	  case NODE_RETURN:
+	  case NODE_BREAK:
+	  case NODE_NEXT:
 	  case NODE_YIELD:
 	  case NODE_COLON2:
 	  case NODE_ARGS:
@@ -539,8 +560,6 @@ rb_gc_mark(ptr)
 	  case NODE_BACK_REF:
 	  case NODE_ALIAS:
 	  case NODE_VALIAS:
-	  case NODE_BREAK:
-	  case NODE_NEXT:
 	  case NODE_REDO:
 	  case NODE_RETRY:
 	  case NODE_UNDEF:
@@ -676,7 +695,7 @@ gc_sweep()
     if (ruby_in_compile) {
 	/* should not reclaim nodes during compilation */
 	for (i = 0; i < used; i++) {
-	    p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	    p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	    while (p < pend) {
 		if (!(p->as.basic.flags&FL_MARK) && BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_NODE)
 		    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p);
@@ -691,7 +710,7 @@ gc_sweep()
     for (i = 0; i < used; i++) {
 	int n = 0;
 
-	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	while (p < pend) {
 	    if (!(p->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK)) {
 		if (p->as.basic.flags) {
@@ -1045,7 +1064,7 @@ os_live_obj()
     for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
 	RVALUE *p, *pend;
 
-	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	for (;p < pend; p++) {
 	    if (p->as.basic.flags) {
 		switch (TYPE(p)) {
@@ -1078,7 +1097,7 @@ os_obj_of(of)
     for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
 	RVALUE *p, *pend;
 
-	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	for (;p < pend; p++) {
 	    if (p->as.basic.flags) {
 		switch (TYPE(p)) {
@@ -1245,7 +1264,7 @@ rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit()
 	    }
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
-	    p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	    p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	    while (p < pend) {
 		if (FL_TEST(p, FL_FINALIZE)) {
 		    FL_UNSET(p, FL_FINALIZE);
@@ -1258,7 +1277,7 @@ rb_gc_call_finalizer_at_exit()
     }
     /* run data object's finaliers */
     for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
-	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + HEAP_SLOTS;
+	p = heaps[i]; pend = p + heaps_limits[i];
 	while (p < pend) {
 	    if (BUILTIN_TYPE(p) == T_DATA &&
 		DATA_PTR(p) && RANY(p)->as.data.dfree) {
diff --git a/intern.h b/intern.h
index ebfc57cffc..340c3f0a3a 100644
--- a/intern.h
+++ b/intern.h
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ VALUE rb_exc_new _((VALUE, const char*, long));
 VALUE rb_exc_new2 _((VALUE, const char*));
 VALUE rb_exc_new3 _((VALUE, VALUE));
 NORETURN(void rb_loaderror __((const char*, ...)));
+NORETURN(void rb_name_error __((VALUE id, const char*, ...)));
 void rb_compile_error __((const char*, ...));
 void rb_compile_error_append __((const char*, ...));
 NORETURN(void rb_load_fail _((char*)));
diff --git a/keywords b/keywords
index eafc5ed8ab..7bf0d696ac 100644
--- a/keywords
+++ b/keywords
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ nil, kNIL, kNIL, EXPR_END
 not, kNOT, kNOT, EXPR_BEG
 or, kOR, kOR, EXPR_BEG
 redo, kREDO, kREDO, EXPR_END
-rescue, kRESCUE, kRESCUE_MOD, EXPR_END
+rescue, kRESCUE, kRESCUE_MOD, EXPR_MID
 retry, kRETRY, kRETRY, EXPR_END
 return, kRETURN, kRETURN, EXPR_MID
 self, kSELF, kSELF, EXPR_END
diff --git a/lex.c b/lex.c
index 0784c245bb..a5fb82ebc9 100644
--- a/lex.c
+++ b/lex.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* C code produced by gperf version 2.7.1 (19981006 egcs) */
-/* Command-line: gperf -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k1,3,$ ./keywords  */
+/* C code produced by gperf version 2.7.2 */
+/* Command-line: gperf -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N rb_reserved_word -k'1,3,$' ./keywords  */
 struct kwtable {char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state state;};
 
 #define TOTAL_KEYWORDS 40
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ struct kwtable {char *name; int id[2]; enum lex_state state;};
 
 #ifdef __GNUC__
 __inline
+#else
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+inline
+#endif
 #endif
 static unsigned int
 hash (str, len)
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ rb_reserved_word (str, len)
       {"module", kMODULE, kMODULE, EXPR_BEG},
       {"elsif", kELSIF, kELSIF, EXPR_BEG},
       {"def", kDEF, kDEF, EXPR_FNAME},
-      {"rescue", kRESCUE, kRESCUE_MOD, EXPR_END},
+      {"rescue", kRESCUE, kRESCUE_MOD, EXPR_MID},
       {"not", kNOT, kNOT, EXPR_BEG},
       {"then", kTHEN, kTHEN, EXPR_BEG},
       {"yield", kYIELD, kYIELD, EXPR_ARG},
diff --git a/lib/debug.rb b/lib/debug.rb
index 2216f3a4df..a8a41ef978 100644
--- a/lib/debug.rb
+++ b/lib/debug.rb
@@ -300,7 +300,9 @@ class DEBUGGER__
 	  when /^\s*b(?:reak)?\s+((?:.*?+:)?.+)$/
 	    pos = $1
 	    if pos.index(":")
-	      file, pos = pos.split(":")
+	      pos = pos.split(":")
+	      file = pos[0...-1].join(":")
+	      pos = pos[-1]
 	    end
 	    file = File.basename(file)
 	    if pos =~ /^\d+$/
diff --git a/numeric.c b/numeric.c
index 66ac5645b5..67b5eb317a 100644
--- a/numeric.c
+++ b/numeric.c
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ do_coerce(x, y)
     VALUE a[2];
 
     a[0] = *x; a[1] = *y;
-    ary = rb_rescue2(coerce_body, (VALUE)a, coerce_rescue, (VALUE)a,
-		     rb_eStandardError, rb_eNameError, 0);
+    ary = rb_rescue(coerce_body, (VALUE)a, coerce_rescue, (VALUE)a);
     if (TYPE(ary) != T_ARRAY || RARRAY(ary)->len != 2) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "coerce must return [x, y]");
     }
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 89b126538e..2d70029f0b 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ rb_mod_const_get(mod, name)
     ID id = rb_to_id(name);
 
     if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
     }
     return rb_const_get(mod, id);
 }
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ rb_mod_const_set(mod, name, value)
     ID id = rb_to_id(name);
 
     if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
     }
     rb_const_set(mod, id, value);
     return value;
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ rb_mod_const_defined(mod, name)
     ID id = rb_to_id(name);
 
     if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong constant name %s", rb_id2name(id));
     }
     return rb_const_defined_at(mod, id);
 }
@@ -866,8 +866,7 @@ rb_convert_type(val, type, tname, method)
     arg1.val = arg2.val = val;
     arg1.s = method;
     arg2.s = tname;
-    val = rb_rescue2(to_type, (VALUE)&arg1, fail_to_type, (VALUE)&arg2,
-		     rb_eStandardError, rb_eNameError, 0);
+    val = rb_rescue2(to_type, (VALUE)&arg1, fail_to_type, (VALUE)&arg2);
     if (TYPE(val) != type) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s#%s should return %s",
 		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(arg1.val)), method, tname);
@@ -886,8 +885,7 @@ rb_to_integer(val, method)
     arg1.val = arg2.val = val;
     arg1.s = method;
     arg2.s = "Integer";
-    val = rb_rescue2(to_type, (VALUE)&arg1, fail_to_type, (VALUE)&arg2,
-		     rb_eStandardError, rb_eNameError, 0);
+    val = rb_rescue(to_type, (VALUE)&arg1, fail_to_type, (VALUE)&arg2);
     if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cInteger)) {
 	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s#%s should return Integer",
 		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(arg1.val)), method);
diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y
index 4a30d345cd..dcad8436fb 100644
--- a/parse.y
+++ b/parse.y
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ static int in_single = 0;
 static int in_def = 0;
 static int compile_for_eval = 0;
 static ID cur_mid = 0;
-static ID last_id = 0;
 
 static NODE *cond();
 static NODE *logop();
@@ -1091,16 +1090,16 @@ command_args	:  {
 		    }
 
 open_args	: call_args
-		    | tLPAREN_ARG  {lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;} ')'
+		| tLPAREN_ARG  {lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;} ')'
 		    {
 		        rb_warning("%s (...) interpreted as method call",
-		                   rb_id2name(last_id));
+		                   rb_id2name($<id>1));
 			$$ = 0;
 		    }
 		| tLPAREN_ARG call_args2 {lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;} ')'
 		    {
 		        rb_warning("%s (...) interpreted as method call",
-		                   rb_id2name(last_id));
+		                   rb_id2name($<id>1));
 			$$ = $2;
 		    }
 
@@ -1192,7 +1191,7 @@ primary		: literal
 		    }
 		| tLPAREN_ARG expr {lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;} ')'
 		    {
-		        rb_warning("%s (...) interpreted as command call", rb_id2name(last_id));
+		        rb_warning("%s (...) interpreted as command call", rb_id2name($<id>1));
 			$$ = $2;
 		    }
 		| tLPAREN compstmt ')'
@@ -2892,6 +2891,7 @@ double strtod ();
 static int
 yylex()
 {
+    static ID last_id = 0;
     register int c;
     int space_seen = 0;
     int cmd_state;
@@ -3460,6 +3460,7 @@ yylex()
 	    else if (lex_state == EXPR_ARG) {
 		rb_warning("%s (...) interpreted as method call", tok());
 		c = tLPAREN_ARG;
+		yylval.id = last_id;
 	    }
 	}
 	COND_PUSH(0);
@@ -4422,10 +4423,6 @@ void_expr(node)
 	  case tLEQ:
 	  case tEQ:
 	  case tNEQ:
-	  case tAREF:
-	  case tRSHFT:
-	  case tCOLON2:
-	  case tCOLON3:
 	    useless = rb_id2name(node->nd_mid);
 	    break;
 	}
diff --git a/range.c b/range.c
index 128733d34e..fc02a69e0c 100644
--- a/range.c
+++ b/range.c
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ range_init(obj, beg, end, exclude_end)
 
     args[0] = beg; args[1] = end;
     if (!FIXNUM_P(beg) || !FIXNUM_P(end)) {
-	rb_rescue2(range_check, (VALUE)args, range_failed, 0,
-		   rb_eStandardError, rb_eNameError, 0);
+	rb_rescue2(range_check, (VALUE)args, range_failed, 0);
     }
 
     SET_EXCL(obj, exclude_end);
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ range_initialize(argc, argv, obj)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &beg, &end, &flags);
     /* Ranges are immutable, so that they should be initialized only once. */
     if (rb_ivar_defined(obj, id_beg)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "`initialize' called twice");
+	rb_name_error(rb_intern("initialized"), "`initialize' called twice");
     }
     range_init(obj, beg, end, RTEST(flags));
     return Qnil;
diff --git a/regex.c b/regex.c
index e40c0e4ff2..7f65e4ee39 100644
--- a/regex.c
+++ b/regex.c
@@ -3496,6 +3496,7 @@ init_regs(regs, num_regs)
   else if (regs->allocated < num_regs) {
     TREALLOC(regs->beg, num_regs, int);
     TREALLOC(regs->end, num_regs, int);
+    regs->allocated = num_regs;
   }
   for (i=0; i<num_regs; i++) {
     regs->beg[i] = regs->end[i] = -1;
diff --git a/ruby.c b/ruby.c
index e0108299ee..b5fdfb0c8e 100644
--- a/ruby.c
+++ b/ruby.c
@@ -265,20 +265,19 @@ ruby_init_loadpath()
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SEARCH_PATH));
 #endif
 
+    ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SITE_LIB2));
 #ifdef RUBY_SITE_THIN_ARCHLIB
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SITE_THIN_ARCHLIB));
 #endif
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SITE_ARCHLIB));
-    ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SITE_LIB2));
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_SITE_LIB));
 
+    ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_LIB));
 #ifdef RUBY_THIN_ARCHLIB
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_THIN_ARCHLIB));
 #endif
     ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_ARCHLIB));
 
-    ruby_incpush(RUBY_RELATIVE(RUBY_LIB));
-
     if (rb_safe_level() == 0) {
 	ruby_incpush(".");
     }
diff --git a/struct.c b/struct.c
index a07df5836f..69e94d282a 100644
--- a/struct.c
+++ b/struct.c
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ rb_struct_getmember(obj, id)
 	    return RSTRUCT(obj)->ptr[i];
 	}
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "%s is not struct member", rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "%s is not struct member", rb_id2name(id));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ rb_struct_set(obj, val)
 	    return RSTRUCT(obj)->ptr[i] = val;
 	}
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "not struct member");
+    rb_name_error(rb_frame_last_func(), "`%s' is not a struct member",
+		  rb_id2name(rb_frame_last_func()));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ make_struct(name, member, klass)
 	char *cname = StringValuePtr(name);
 	id = rb_intern(cname);
 	if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "identifier %s needs to be constant", cname);
+	    rb_name_error(id, "identifier %s needs to be constant", cname);
 	}
 	nstr = rb_define_class_under(klass, cname, klass);
     }
@@ -435,7 +436,7 @@ rb_struct_aref_id(s, id)
 	    return RSTRUCT(s)->ptr[i];
 	}
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "no member '%s' in struct", rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "no member '%s' in struct", rb_id2name(id));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ rb_struct_aset_id(s, id, val)
 	    return val;
 	}
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "no member '%s' in struct", rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "no member '%s' in struct", rb_id2name(id));
 }
 
 VALUE
diff --git a/variable.c b/variable.c
index dfb4b169cd..23b246da00 100644
--- a/variable.c
+++ b/variable.c
@@ -251,8 +251,7 @@ rb_autoload_id(id, filename)
 {
     rb_secure(4);
     if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "autoload must be constant name",
-		 rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "autoload must be constant name", rb_id2name(id));
     }
 
     if (!autoload_tbl) {
@@ -418,7 +417,7 @@ readonly_setter(val, id, var)
     ID id;
     void *var;
 {
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "can't set variable %s", rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "can't set variable %s", rb_id2name(id));
 }
 
 static int
@@ -528,8 +527,7 @@ rb_f_trace_var(argc, argv)
     }
     id = rb_to_id(var);
     if (!st_lookup(rb_global_tbl, id, &entry)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "undefined global variable %s",
-		 rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "undefined global variable %s", rb_id2name(id));
     }
     trace = ALLOC(struct trace_var);
     trace->next = entry->trace;
@@ -575,8 +573,7 @@ rb_f_untrace_var(argc, argv)
     rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &var, &cmd);
     id = rb_to_id(var);
     if (!st_lookup(rb_global_tbl, id, &entry)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "undefined global variable %s",
-		 rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "undefined global variable %s", rb_id2name(id));
     }
 
     trace = entry->trace;
@@ -1005,8 +1002,7 @@ rb_obj_remove_instance_variable(obj, name)
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't modify instance variable");
     if (OBJ_FROZEN(obj)) rb_error_frozen("object");
     if (!rb_is_instance_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "`%s' is not an instance variable",
-		 rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not an instance variable", rb_id2name(id));
     }
 
     switch (TYPE(obj)) {
@@ -1055,9 +1051,9 @@ rb_const_get_at(klass, id)
     if (klass == rb_cObject && top_const_get(id, &value)) {
 	return value;
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uninitialized constant %s::%s",
-	     RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr,
-	     rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "uninitialized constant %s::%s",
+		  RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr,
+		  rb_id2name(id));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -1104,12 +1100,12 @@ rb_const_get(klass, id)
 
     /* Uninitialized constant */
     if (klass && klass != rb_cObject) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uninitialized constant %s at %s",
-		 rb_id2name(id),
-		 RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr);
+	rb_name_error(id, "uninitialized constant %s at %s",
+		      rb_id2name(id),
+		      RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr);
     }
     else {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uninitialized constant %s",rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "uninitialized constant %s",rb_id2name(id));
     }
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
@@ -1122,7 +1118,7 @@ rb_mod_remove_const(mod, name)
     VALUE val;
 
     if (!rb_is_const_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "`%s' is not constant", rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "`%s' is not constant", rb_id2name(id));
     }
     if (!OBJ_TAINTED(mod) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't remove constant");
@@ -1132,11 +1128,11 @@ rb_mod_remove_const(mod, name)
 	return val;
     }
     if (rb_const_defined_at(mod, id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "cannot remove %s::%s", 
+	rb_name_error(id, "cannot remove %s::%s", 
 		 rb_class2name(mod), rb_id2name(id));
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "constant %s::%s not defined", 
-	     rb_class2name(mod), rb_id2name(id));
+    rb_name_error(id, "constant %s::%s not defined", 
+		  rb_class2name(mod), rb_id2name(id));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -1339,11 +1335,11 @@ rb_const_assign(klass, id, val)
 
     /* Uninitialized constant */
     if (klass && klass != rb_cObject)
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uninitialized constant %s::%s",
-		 RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr,
-		 rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "uninitialized constant %s::%s",
+		      RSTRING(rb_class_path(klass))->ptr,
+		      rb_id2name(id));
     else {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "uninitialized constant %s",rb_id2name(id));
+	rb_name_error(id, "uninitialized constant %s",rb_id2name(id));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1402,8 +1398,8 @@ rb_cvar_set(klass, id, val)
 	tmp = RCLASS(tmp)->super;
     }
 
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError,"uninitialized class variable %s in %s",
-	     rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(klass));
+    rb_name_error(id,"uninitialized class variable %s in %s",
+		  rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(klass));
 }
 
 void
@@ -1444,8 +1440,8 @@ rb_cvar_get(klass, id)
 	tmp = RCLASS(tmp)->super;
     }
 
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError,"uninitialized class variable %s in %s",
-	     rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(klass));
+    rb_name_error(id,"uninitialized class variable %s in %s",
+		  rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(klass));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }
 
@@ -1475,7 +1471,7 @@ rb_cv_set(klass, name, val)
 {
     ID id = rb_intern(name);
     if (!rb_is_class_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
     }
     rb_cvar_set(klass, id, val);
 }
@@ -1487,7 +1483,7 @@ rb_cv_get(klass, name)
 {
     ID id = rb_intern(name);
     if (!rb_is_class_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
     }
     return rb_cvar_get(klass, id);
 }
@@ -1501,7 +1497,7 @@ rb_define_class_variable(klass, name, val)
     ID id = rb_intern(name);
 
     if (!rb_is_class_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
     }
     rb_cvar_declare(klass, id, val);
 }
@@ -1549,7 +1545,7 @@ rb_mod_remove_cvar(mod, name)
     VALUE val;
 
     if (!rb_is_class_id(id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
+	rb_name_error(id, "wrong class variable name %s", name);
     }
     if (!OBJ_TAINTED(mod) && rb_safe_level() >= 4)
 	rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure: can't remove class variable");
@@ -1559,11 +1555,11 @@ rb_mod_remove_cvar(mod, name)
 	return val;
     }
     if (rb_cvar_defined(mod, id)) {
-	rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "cannot remove %s for %s", 
+	rb_name_error(id, "cannot remove %s for %s", 
 		 rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(mod));
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eNameError, "class variable %s not defined for %s",
-	     rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(mod));
+    rb_name_error(id, "class variable %s not defined for %s",
+		  rb_id2name(id), rb_class2name(mod));
     return Qnil;		/* not reached */
 }