prelude: | ary = [] kw = {a: 1} empty_kw = {} kw_ary = [Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash(a: 1)] empty_kw_ary = [Hash.ruby2_keywords_hash({})] benchmark: vm_send_cfunc: itself vm_send_cfunc_splat: itself(*ary) vm_send_cfunc_splat_kw_hash: equal?(*kw_ary) vm_send_cfunc_splat_empty_kw_hash: itself(*empty_kw_ary) vm_send_cfunc_splat_kw: equal?(*ary, **kw) vm_send_cfunc_splat_empty_kw: itself(*ary, **empty_kw) loop_count: 20000000