# -*- rdoc -*- = NEWS for Ruby 2.0.0 This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between releases except for bug fixes. Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or reference information is supplied with. For a full list of changes with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file. == Changes since the 1.9.3 release === C API updates * NUM2SHORT() and NUM2USHORT() added. They are similar to NUM2INT, but short. * rb_newobj_of() and NEWOBJ_OF() added. They create a new object of a given class. === Library updates (outstanding ones only) * builtin classes * Array * added method: * added Array#bsearch for binary search. * incompatible changes: * random parameter of Array#shuffle! and Array#sample now will be called with one argument, maximum value. * when given Range arguments, Array#values_at now returns nil for each value that is out-of-range. * Enumerable * added method: * added Enumerable#lazy method for lazy enumeration. * Enumerator * added method: * added Enumerator#size for lazy size evaluation. * extended method: * Enumerator.new accept an argument for lazy size evaluation. * ENV * aliased method: * ENV.to_h is a new alias for ENV.to_hash * Fiber * incompatible changes: * Fiber#resume cannot resume a fiber which invokes "Fiber#transfer". * File * extended method: * File.fnmatch? now expands braces in the pattern if File::FNM_EXTGLOB option is given. * GC * improvements: * introduced the bitmap marking which suppresses to copy a memory page with Copy-on-Write. * introduced the non-recursive marking which avoids unexpected stack overflow. * GC::Profiler * added method: * added GC::Profiler.raw_data which returns raw profile data for GC. * Hash * added method: * added Hash#to_h as explicit conversion method, like Array#to_a. * extended method: * Hash#default_proc= can be passed nil to clear the default proc. * Kernel * added method: * added Kernel#Hash conversion method like Array() or Float(). * added Kernel#using, which imports refinements into the current scope. [experimental] * added Kernel#__dir__ which returns a current dirname. * added Kernel#caller_locations which returns an array of frame information objects. * extended method: * Kernel#warn accepts multiple args in like puts. * Kernel#caller accepts second optional argument `n' which specify required caller size. * Kernel#to_enum and enum_for accept a block for lazy size evaluation. * incompatible changes: * system() and exec() closes non-standard file descriptors (The default of :close_others option is changed to true by default.) * respond_to? against a protected method now returns false unless the second argument is true. * __callee__ has returned to the original behavior, and now returns the called name but not the original name in an aliased method. * Kernel#inspect does not call #to_s anymore (it used to call redefined #to_s). * LoadError * added method: * added LoadError#path method to return the file name that could not be loaded. * Module * added method: * added Module#prepend which is similar to Module#include, however a method in the prepended module overrides the corresponding method in the prepending module. * added Module#refine, which extends a class or module locally. [experimental] * added Module#refinements, which returns refinements defined in the receiver. [experimental] * added Module#using, which imports refinements into the receiver. [experimental] * extended method: * Module#define_method accepts a UnboundMethod from a Module. * Module#const_get accepts a qualified constant string, e.g. Object.const_get("Foo::Bar::Baz") * Mutex * added method: * added Mutex#owned? which returns the mutex is held by current thread or not. [experimental] * incompatible changes: * Mutex#lock, Mutex#unlock, Mutex#try_lock, Mutex#synchronize and Mutex#sleep are no longer allowed to be used from trap handler and raise a ThreadError in such case. * Mutex#sleep may spurious wakeup. Check after wakeup. * NilClass * added method: * added nil.to_h which returns {} * Process * added method: * added getsid for getting session id (unix only). * Range * added method: * added Range#size for lazy size evaluation. * added Range#bsearch for binary search. * Signal * added method: * added Signal.signame which returns signal name * incompatible changes: * Signal.trap raises ArgumentError when :SEGV, :BUS, :ILL, :FPE, :VTALRM are specified. * String * added method: * added String#b returning a copied string whose encoding is ASCII-8BIT. * change return value: * String#lines now returns an array instead of an enumerator. * String#chars now returns an array instead of an enumerator. * String#codepoints now returns an array instead of an enumerator. * String#bytes now returns an array instead of an enumerator. * Struct * added method: * added Struct#to_h returning values with keys corresponding to the instance variable names. * Thread * added method: * added Thread#thread_variable_get for getting thread local variables (these are different than Fiber local variables). * added Thread#thread_variable_set for setting thread local variables. * added Thread#thread_variables for getting a list of the thread local variable keys. * added Thread#thread_variable? for testing to see if a particular thread variable has been set. * added Thread#backtrace_locations which returns similar information of Kernel#caller_locations. * incompatible changes: * Thread#join and Thread#value now raises a ThreadError if target thread is the current or main thread. * Time * change return value: * Time#to_s returned encoding defaults to US-ASCII but automatically transcodes to Encoding.default_internal if it is set. * TracePoint * new class. This class is replacement of set_trace_func. Easy to use and efficient implementation. * toplevel * added method: * added main.define_method which defines a global function. * cgi * Add HTML5 tag maker. * CGI#header has been renamed to CGI#http_header and aliased to CGI#header. * When HTML5 tagmaker called, overwrite CGI#header, CGI#header function is to create a
element. * iconv * Iconv has been removed. Use String#encode instead. * io/wait * new features: * added IO#wait_writable method. * added IO#wait_readable method as alias of IO#wait. * net/http * new features: * Proxies are now automatically detected from the http_proxy environment variable. See Net::HTTP::new for details. * gzip and deflate compression are now requested for all requests by default. See Net::HTTP for details. * SSL sessions are now reused across connections for a single instance. This speeds up connection by using a previously negotiated session. * new methods: * Net::HTTP#local_host * Net::HTTP#local_host= * Net::HTTP#local_port * Net::HTTP#local_port= * extended method: * Net::HTTP#connect uses local_host and local_port if specified. * net/imap * new methods: * Net::IMAP.default_port * Net::IMAP.default_imap_port * Net::IMAP.default_tls_port * Net::IMAP.default_ssl_port * Net::IMAP.default_imaps_port * objspace * new method: * ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(obj) * openssl * Consistently raise an error when trying to encode nil values. All instances of OpenSSL::ASN1::Primitive now raise TypeError when calling to_der on an instance whose value is nil. All instances of OpenSSL::ASN1::Constructive raise NoMethodError in the same case. Constructing such values is still permitted. * TLS 1.1 & 1.2 support by setting OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#ssl_version to :TLSv1_2, :TLSv1_2_server, :TLSv1_2_client or :TLSv1_1, :TLSv1_1_server :TLSv1_1_client. The version being effectively used can be queried with OpenSSL::SSL#ssl_version. Furthermore, it is also possible to blacklist the new TLS versions with OpenSSL::SSL:OP_NO_TLSv1_1 and OpenSSL::SSL::OP_NO_TLSv1_2. * Added OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#renegotiation_cb. A user-defined callback may be set which gets called whenever a new handshake is negotiated. This also allows to programmatically decline (client) renegotiation attempts. * Support for "0/n" splitting of records as BEAST mitigation via OpenSSL::SSL::OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS. * OpenSSL requires passwords for decrypting PEM-encoded files to be at least four characters long. This led to awkward situations where an export with a password with fewer than four characters was possible, but accessing the file afterwards failed. OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA and OpenSSL::PKey::EC therefore now enforce the same check when exporting a private key to PEM with a password - it has to be at least four characters long. * SSL/TLS support for the Next Protocol Negotiation extension. Supported with OpenSSL 1.0.1 and higher. * OpenSSL::OPENSSL_FIPS allows client applications to detect whether OpenSSL is running in FIPS mode and to react to the special requirements this might impy. * ostruct * new methods: * OpenStruct#[], []= * OpenStruct#each_pair * OpenStruct#eql? * OpenStruct#hash * OpenStruct#to_h converts the struct to a hash. * extended method: * OpenStruct.new also accepts an OpenStruct / Struct. * pathname * extended method: * Pathname#find returns an enumerator if no block is given. * rake * rake has been updated to version 0.9.5. This version is backwards-compatible with previous rake versions and contains many bug fixes. See http://rake.rubyforge.org/doc/release_notes/rake-0_9_5_rdoc.html for a list of changes in rake 0.9.3, 0.9.4 and 0.9.5. * rdoc * rdoc has been updated to version 4.0 This version is largely backwards-compatible with previous rdoc versions. The most notable change is an update to the ri data format (ri data must be regenerated for gems shared across rdoc versions). Further API changes are internal and won't affect most users. See https://github.com/rdoc/rdoc/blob/master/History.rdoc for a list of changes in rdoc 4.0. * resolv * new methods: * Resolv::DNS#timeouts= * Resolv::DNS::Config#timeouts= * rexml * REXML::Document#write supports Hash arguments. * REXML::Document#write supports new :encoding option. It changes XML document encoding. Without :encoding option, encoding in XML declaration is used for XML document encoding. * RubyGems * Updated to 2.0.0.preview2 RubyGems 2.0.0 features the following improvements: * Improved support for default gems shipping with ruby 2.0.0+ * A gem can have arbitrary metadata through Gem::Specification#metadata * `gem search` now defaults to --remote and is anchored like gem list. * Added --document to replace --rdoc and --ri. Use --no-document to disable documentation, --document=rdoc to only generate rdoc. * Only ri-format documentation is generated by default. * `gem server` uses RDoc::Servlet from RDoc 4.0 to generate HTML documentation. For an expanded list of updates and bug fixes see: https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems/blob/master/History.txt * shellwords * Shellwords#shellescape() now stringifies the given object using to_s. * Shellwords#shelljoin() accepts non-string objects in the given array, each of which is stringified using to_s. * syslog * Added Syslog::Logger which provides a Logger API atop Syslog. * Syslog::Priority, Syslog::Level, Syslog::Option and Syslog::Macros are introduced for easy detection of available constants on a running system. * timeout * Timeout.timeout supports immediate optional keyword parameter. * incompatible changes: * Timeout.timeout now use async_interrupt_timing(:on_blocking) by default. And then, timeout is only happen on blocking point (e.g. sleep, read, write, Mutex#lock and so on). * tmpdir * incompatible changes: * Dir.mktmpdir uses FileUtils.remove_entry instead of FileUtils.remove_entry_secure. This means that applications should not change the permission of the created temporary directory to make accessible from other users. * yaml * Syck has been removed. YAML now completely depends on libyaml being installed. * zlib * Added streaming support for Zlib::Inflate and Zlib::Deflate. This allows processing of a stream without the use of large amounts of memory. * Added support for the new deflate strategies Zlib::RLE and Zlib::FIXED. * Zlib streams are now processed without the GVL. This allows gzip, zlib and deflate streams to be processed in parallel. === Language changes * Added %i and %I for symbol list creation (similar to %w and %W). * Default source encoding is changed to UTF-8. (was US-ASCII) === Compatibility issues (excluding feature bug fixes) * Array#values_at See above. * String#lines * String#chars * String#codepoints * String#bytes These methods no longer return an Enumerator, although passing a block is still supported for backwards compatibility. Code like str.lines.with_index(1) { |line, lineno| ... } no longer works because str.lines returns an array. Replace lines with each_line in such cases. * Signal.trap See above. * Merge Onigmo. https://github.com/k-takata/Onigmo * The :close_others option is true by default for system() and exec(). Also, the close-on-exec flag is set by default for all new file descriptors. This means file descriptors doesn't inherit to spawned process unless explicitly requested such as system(..., fd=>fd). * Kernel#respond_to? against a protected method now returns false unless the second argument is true. * Dir.mktmpdir in lib/tmpdir.rb See above. * OpenStruct new methods can conflict with custom attributes named "each_pair", "eql?", "hash" or "to_h". * Thread#join, Thread#value See above. * Mutex#lock, Mutex#unlock, Mutex#try_lock, Mutex#synchronize and Mutex#sleep See above.