* ext/Setup*, ext/bigfloat/*: Back out the import of BigFloat in

  favor of its forthcoming successor, BigDecimal.


git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@2378 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

11 files changed, 0 insertions, 5224 deletions

diff --git a/ext/Setup b/ext/Setup
index d676049c60..e22ffe9bb4 100644
--- a/ext/Setup
+++ b/ext/Setup
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #option nodynamic
 
 #Win32API
-#bigfloat
 #curses
 #dbm
 #digest
diff --git a/ext/Setup.dj b/ext/Setup.dj
index 81198f2994..fe2520ad48 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.dj
+++ b/ext/Setup.dj
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 option nodynamic
 
 #Win32API
-bigfloat
 #curses
 dbm
 digest
diff --git a/ext/Setup.emx b/ext/Setup.emx
index 69e5c48d86..ae07341157 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.emx
+++ b/ext/Setup.emx
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 option nodynamic
 
 #Win32API
-bigfloat
 curses
 #dbm
 digest
diff --git a/ext/Setup.nt b/ext/Setup.nt
index b2219da05c..86ac622765 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.nt
+++ b/ext/Setup.nt
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #option nodynamic
 
 Win32API
-bigfloat
 #curses
 #dbm
 digest
diff --git a/ext/Setup.x68 b/ext/Setup.x68
index 0f3a599e76..783046e512 100644
--- a/ext/Setup.x68
+++ b/ext/Setup.x68
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 option nodynamic
 
 #Win32API
-bigfloat
 #curses
 dbm
 digest
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/.cvsignore b/ext/bigfloat/.cvsignore
deleted file mode 100644
index fc802ff1c2..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/.cvsignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Makefile
-mkmf.log
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/MANIFEST b/ext/bigfloat/MANIFEST
deleted file mode 100644
index b73a3f7d53..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/MANIFEST
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-MANIFEST
-bigfloat.c
-bigfloat.h
-depend
-extconf.rb
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.c b/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ba7dfd53c..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4706 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Ruby BIGFLOAT(Variable Precision) extension library. 
- *
- * Copyright(C) 1999  by Shigeo Kobayashi(shigeo@tinyforest.gr.jp) 
- *
- * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public 
- * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file 
- * of this BigFloat distribution. 
- *
- *  Version 1.1.8(2001/10/23)
- *    bug(reported by Stephen Legrand) on VpAlloc() fixed.
- *  Version 1.1.7(2001/08/27)
- *    limit() method added for global upper limit of precision.
- *    VpNewRbClass() added for new() to create new object from klass.
- *  Version 1.1.6(2001/03/27)
- *    Changed to use USE_XMALLOC & USE_XFREE
- *    ENTER,SAVE & GUARD_OBJ macro used insted of calling rb_gc_mark().
- *    modulo added to keep consistency with Float.
- *    Bug in abs(0.0) fixed.
- *    == and != changed not to coerce.
- *
- *  Version 1.1.5(2001/02/16)
- *    (Bug fix) BASE_FIG & DBLE_FIG changed to S_LONG
- *              Effective figures for sqrt() extended.
- *
- *  Version 1.1.4(2000/10/01)
- *    nan?,infinite?,finite?,truncate added.
- *
- *  Version 1.1.3(2000/06/16)
- *    Optional parameter is now allowed for ceil,floor,and round(1.1.2).
- *    Meanings of the optional parameter for ceil,floor,and round changed(1.1.3).
- *
- */
-
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#ifdef NT
-#include <malloc.h>
-#endif /* defined NT */
-#include "ruby.h"
-#include "math.h"
-#include "version.h"
-
-VALUE rb_cBigfloat;
-
-#if RUBY_VERSION_CODE > 150
-# define rb_str2inum rb_cstr2inum
-#endif 
-
-#include "bigfloat.h"
-
-/* 
- *  In Windows DLL,using xmalloc() may result to an application error.
- *  This is defaulted from 1.1.6.
-  */
-#define USE_XMALLOC
-
-/*
- * #define USE_XFREE calls xfree() instead of free().
- * If USE_XFREE is defined,then xfree() in gc.c must
- * be exported for other modules.
- * This is defaulted from 1.1.6.
- */
-#define USE_XFREE
-
-/*
- * Uncomment if you need Float's Inf NaN instead of BigFloat's.
- *
-#define USE_FLOAT_VALUE
-*/
-
-/* MACRO's to guard objects from GC by keeping it in stack */
-#define ENTER(n) volatile VALUE vStack[n];int iStack=0
-#define PUSH(x)  vStack[iStack++] = (unsigned long)(x);
-#define SAVE(p)  PUSH(p->obj);
-#define GUARD_OBJ(p,y) {p=y;SAVE(p);}
-
-/*
- * ===================================================================
- *
- * Ruby Interface part
- *
- * ===================================================================
- */
-static ID coerce;
-
-static VALUE BigFloat_new();	/* new */
-static VALUE BigFloat_limit();	/* limit */
-static VALUE BigFloat_to_s();	/* to_s */
-static VALUE BigFloat_to_i();	/* to_i */
-static VALUE BigFloat_to_s2();	/* to_s2(spacing) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_to_parts();/* to_parts(4 parts) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_uplus();  /* a = +a (unary plus) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_asign();	/* assign! */
-static VALUE BigFloat_asign2();	/* assign */
-static VALUE BigFloat_add();	/* + */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sub();	/* - */
-static VALUE BigFloat_add2();	/* add */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sub2();	/* sub */
-static VALUE BigFloat_add3();	/* add!(c,a,b) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sub3();	/* sub!(c,a,b) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_neg();	/* -(unary) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_mult();	/* * */
-static VALUE BigFloat_mult2();	/* mult */
-static VALUE BigFloat_mult3();	/* mult! */
-static VALUE BigFloat_div();	/* / */
-static VALUE BigFloat_mod();	/* % */
-static VALUE BigFloat_remainder();	/* remainder */
-static VALUE BigFloat_divmod();	/* divmod */
-static VALUE BigFloat_divmod2();/* div */
-static VALUE BigFloat_divmod4();/* divmod! */
-static VALUE BigFloat_dup();	/* dup */
-static VALUE BigFloat_abs();	/* abs */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sqrt();	/* sqrt */
-static VALUE BigFloat_fix();	/* fix */
-static VALUE BigFloat_round();	/* round */
-static VALUE BigFloat_frac();	/* frac */
-static VALUE BigFloat_e();	/* e(=2.18281828459.....) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_pai();	/* pai(=3.141592653589.....) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_power();	/* self**p */
-static VALUE BigFloat_exp();	/* e**x */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sincos();	/* sin & cos */
-static VALUE BigFloat_comp();	/* self <=> r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_eq();	/* self ==  r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_ne();	/* self !=  r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_lt();	/* self <   r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_le();	/* self <=  r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_gt();	/* self >   r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_ge();	/* self >=  r */
-static VALUE BigFloat_zero();	/* self==0 ? */
-static VALUE BigFloat_nonzero();/* self!=0 ? */
-static VALUE BigFloat_floor();	/* floor(self) */
-static VALUE BigFloat_ceil();	/* ceil(self)  */
-static VALUE BigFloat_coerce();	/* coerce */
-static VALUE BigFloat_inspect();/* inspect*/
-static VALUE BigFloat_exponent();/* exponent */
-static VALUE BigFloat_sign();/* sign */
-static VALUE BigFloat_mode();   /* mode */
-static VALUE BigFloat_induced_from(); /* induced_from */
-static void BigFloat_delete();	/* free */
-static VALUE BigFloat_hash();
-static VALUE BigFloat_dump();
-static VALUE BigFloat_load();
-
-/* Added for ruby 1.6.0 */
-static VALUE BigFloat_IsNaN();
-static VALUE BigFloat_IsInfinite();
-static VALUE BigFloat_IsFinite();
-static VALUE BigFloat_truncate();
-
-static VALUE DoSomeOne();
-/* Following 3 functions borrowed from numeric.c */
-static VALUE coerce_body();
-static VALUE coerce_rescue();
-static void  do_coerce();
-
-static VALUE
-DoSomeOne(x, y)
-	VALUE x, y;
-{
-	do_coerce(&x, &y);
-	return rb_funcall(x, rb_frame_last_func(), 1, y);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-coerce_body(x)
-	VALUE *x;
-{
-	return rb_funcall(x[1], coerce, 1, x[0]);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-coerce_rescue(x)
-	VALUE *x;
-{
-	rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s can't be coerced into %s",
-		rb_special_const_p(x[1])?
-		STR2CSTR(rb_inspect(x[1])):
-		rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x[1])),
-		rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(x[0])));
-	return 	(VALUE)0;
-}
-
-static void
-do_coerce(x, y)
-	VALUE *x, *y;
-{
-	VALUE ary;
-	VALUE a[2];
-
-	a[0] = *x; a[1] = *y;
-	ary = rb_rescue(coerce_body, (VALUE)a, coerce_rescue, (VALUE)a);
-	if (TYPE(ary) != T_ARRAY || RARRAY(ary)->len != 2) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "coerce must return [x, y]");
-	}
-
-	*x = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[0];
-	*y = RARRAY(ary)->ptr[1];
-}
-
-void
-Init_bigfloat()
-{
-
-	/* Initialize VP routines */
-	VpInit((U_LONG)0);
-
-	coerce = rb_intern("coerce");
- 
-	/* Class and method registration */
-	rb_cBigfloat = rb_define_class("BigFloat", rb_cNumeric);
-
-	/* Class methods */
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "mode", BigFloat_mode, 2);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "new", BigFloat_new, -1);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "limit", BigFloat_limit, -1);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "E", BigFloat_e, 1);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "PI", BigFloat_pai, 1);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "assign!", BigFloat_asign, 3);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "add!", BigFloat_add3, 3);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "sub!", BigFloat_sub3, 3);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "mult!", BigFloat_mult3, 3);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "div!",BigFloat_divmod4, 4);
-
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "assign", BigFloat_asign2, 2);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "add", BigFloat_add2, 2);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "sub", BigFloat_sub2, 2);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "mult", BigFloat_mult2, 2);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "div",BigFloat_divmod2, 2);
-
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "induced_from",BigFloat_induced_from, 1);
-	rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cBigfloat, "_load", BigFloat_load, 1);
-
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "BASE", INT2FIX((S_INT)VpBaseVal()));
-
-	/* Exception constants */
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_ALL",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_ALL));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_NaN",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_INFINITY",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE",INT2FIX(VP_EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE));
-
-	/* Constants for sign value */
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_NaN",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_NaN));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE));
-	rb_define_const(rb_cBigfloat, "SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE",INT2FIX(VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE));
-
-	/* instance methods */
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "to_s", BigFloat_to_s, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "to_i", BigFloat_to_i, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "to_s2", BigFloat_to_s2, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "to_parts", BigFloat_to_parts, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "+", BigFloat_add, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "-", BigFloat_sub, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "+@", BigFloat_uplus, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "-@", BigFloat_neg, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "*", BigFloat_mult, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "/", BigFloat_div, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "%", BigFloat_mod, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "modulo", BigFloat_mod, 1);
-	
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "remainder", BigFloat_remainder, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "divmod", BigFloat_divmod, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "dup", BigFloat_dup, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "to_f", BigFloat_dup, 0); /* to_f === dup */
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "abs", BigFloat_abs, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "sqrt", BigFloat_sqrt, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "fix", BigFloat_fix, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "round", BigFloat_round, -1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "frac", BigFloat_frac, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "floor", BigFloat_floor, -1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "ceil", BigFloat_ceil, -1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "power", BigFloat_power, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "exp", BigFloat_exp, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "sincos", BigFloat_sincos, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "<=>", BigFloat_comp, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "==", BigFloat_eq, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "===", BigFloat_eq, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "!=", BigFloat_ne, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "<", BigFloat_lt, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "<=", BigFloat_le, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, ">", BigFloat_gt, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, ">=", BigFloat_ge, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "zero?", BigFloat_zero, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "nonzero?", BigFloat_nonzero, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "coerce", BigFloat_coerce, 1);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "inspect", BigFloat_inspect, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "exponent", BigFloat_exponent, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "sign", BigFloat_sign, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "hash", BigFloat_hash, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "_dump", BigFloat_dump, 1);
-    /* newly added for ruby 1.6.0 */
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "nan?",      BigFloat_IsNaN, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "infinite?", BigFloat_IsInfinite, 0);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "finite?",   BigFloat_IsFinite, 0);
-	rb_define_method(rb_cBigfloat, "truncate",  BigFloat_truncate, -1);
-}
-
-static void
-CheckAsign(x,y)
-	VALUE x;
-	VALUE y;
-{
-	if(x==y)
-	rb_fatal("Bad assignment(the same object appears on both LHS and RHS).");
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_mode(self,which,val)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE which;
-	VALUE val;
-{
-	unsigned short fo = VpGetException();
-	unsigned short f;
-
-	if(TYPE(which)!=T_FIXNUM)  return INT2FIX(fo);
-	if(val!=Qfalse && val!=Qtrue) return INT2FIX(fo);
-
-	f = (unsigned short)NUM2INT(which);
-	if(f&VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY) {
-		fo = VpGetException();
-		VpSetException((unsigned short)((val==Qtrue)?(fo|VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY):
-						 (fo&(~VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY))));
-	}
-	if(f&VP_EXCEPTION_NaN) {
-		fo = VpGetException();
-		VpSetException((unsigned short)((val==Qtrue)?(fo|VP_EXCEPTION_NaN):
-						 (fo&(~VP_EXCEPTION_NaN))));
-	}
-	fo = VpGetException();
-	return INT2FIX(fo);
-}
-
-static U_LONG 
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetAddSubPrec(Real *a,Real *b)
-#else
-GetAddSubPrec(a,b)
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	U_LONG mxs;
-	U_LONG mx = a->Prec;
-	S_INT d;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(a) || !VpIsDef(b)) return (-1L);
-	if(mx < b->Prec) mx = b->Prec;
-	if(a->exponent!=b->exponent) {
-		mxs = mx;
-		d = a->exponent - b->exponent;
-		if(d<0) d = -d;
-		mx = mx+(U_LONG)d;
-		if(mx<mxs) {
-			return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Exponent overflow",0);
-		}
-	}
-	return mx;
-}
-
-static S_INT
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetPositiveInt(VALUE v)
-#else
-GetPositiveInt(v)
-	VALUE v;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	S_INT n;
-	Check_Type(v, T_FIXNUM);
-	n = NUM2INT(v);
-	if(n <= 0) {
-		rb_fatal("Zero or negative argument not permitted.");
-	}
-	return n;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-ToValue(Real *p)
-#else
-ToValue(p)
-	Real *p;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-
-#ifdef USE_FLOAT_VALUE
-	VALUE v;
-	if(VpIsNaN(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN,"Computation results to 'NaN'(Not a Number)",0);
-		v = rb_float_new(VpGetDoubleNaN());
-	} else if(VpIsPosInf(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation results to 'Infinity'",0);
-		v = rb_float_new(VpGetDoublePosInf());
-	} else if(VpIsNegInf(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation results to '-Infinity'",0);
-		v = rb_float_new(VpGetDoubleNegInf());
-	} else {
-		v = (VALUE)p->obj;
-	}
-	return v;
-
-#else /* ~USE_FLOAT_VALUE */
-	if(VpIsNaN(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN,"Computation results to 'NaN'(Not a Number)",0);
-	} else if(VpIsPosInf(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation results to 'Infinity'",0);
-	} else if(VpIsNegInf(p)) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation results to '-Infinity'",0);
-	}
-	return p->obj;
-#endif /* ~USE_FLOAT_VALUE */
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNewRbClass(U_LONG mx,char *str,VALUE klass)
-#else
-VpNewRbClass(mx,str,klass)
-	U_LONG mx;
-	char  *str;
-	VALUE  klass;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	Real *pv = VpAlloc(mx,str);
-	pv->obj = (VALUE)Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, 0, BigFloat_delete, pv);
-	return pv;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpCreateRbObject(U_LONG mx,char *str)
-#else
-VpCreateRbObject(mx,str)
-	U_LONG mx;
-	char  *str;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	Real *pv = VpAlloc(mx,str);
-	pv->obj = (VALUE)Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cBigfloat, 0, BigFloat_delete, pv);
-	return pv;
-}
-
-static Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetVpValue(VALUE v,int must)
-#else
-GetVpValue(v,must)
-	VALUE v;
-	int must;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	double dv;
-	Real *pv;
-	VALUE bg;
-	char szD[128];
-
-	switch(TYPE(v))
-	{
-	case T_DATA:
-		if(RDATA(v)->dfree ==(void *) BigFloat_delete) {
-			Data_Get_Struct(v, Real, pv);
-			return pv;
-		} else {
-			goto SomeOneMayDoIt;
-		}
-		break;
-	case T_FIXNUM:
-		sprintf(szD, "%d", NUM2INT(v));
-		return VpCreateRbObject(VpBaseFig() * 2 + 1, szD);
-	case T_FLOAT:
-		pv = VpCreateRbObject(VpDblFig()*2,"0");
-		dv = RFLOAT(v)->value;
-		/* From float */
-		if (isinf(dv)) {
-			VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation including infinity",0);
-			if(dv==VpGetDoublePosInf()) {
-				VpSetPosInf(pv);
-			} else {
-				VpSetNegInf(pv);
-			}
-		} else
-		if (isnan(dv)) {
-			VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN,"Computation including NaN(Not a number)",0);
-			VpSetNaN(pv);
-		} else {
-			if (VpIsNegDoubleZero(dv)) {
-				VpSetNegZero(pv);
-			} else if(dv==0.0) {
-				VpSetPosZero(pv);
-			} else if(dv==1.0) {
-				VpSetOne(pv);
-			} else if(dv==-1.0) {
-				VpSetOne(pv);
-				pv->sign = -pv->sign;
-			} else {
-				VpDtoV(pv,dv);
-			}
-		}
-		return pv;
-	case T_STRING:
-		Check_SafeStr(v);
-		return VpCreateRbObject(strlen(RSTRING(v)->ptr) + VpBaseFig() + 1,
-								RSTRING(v)->ptr);
-	case T_BIGNUM:
-		bg = rb_big2str(v, 10);
-		return VpCreateRbObject(strlen(RSTRING(bg)->ptr) + VpBaseFig() + 1,
-								RSTRING(bg)->ptr);
-	default:
-		goto SomeOneMayDoIt;
-	}
-
-SomeOneMayDoIt:
-	if(must) {
-		rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "%s can't be coerced into BigFloat",
-		 rb_special_const_p(v)?
-		 STR2CSTR(rb_inspect(v)):
-		 rb_class2name(CLASS_OF(v)));
-	}
-	return NULL; /* NULL means to coerce */
-}
-
-static VALUE 
-BigFloat_IsNaN(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	Real *p = GetVpValue(self,1);
-	if(VpIsNaN(p))  return Qtrue;
-	return Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_IsInfinite(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	Real *p = GetVpValue(self,1);
-	if(VpIsInf(p)) return Qtrue;
-	return Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_IsFinite(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	Real *p = GetVpValue(self,1);
-	if(VpIsNaN(p)) return Qfalse;
-	if(VpIsInf(p)) return Qfalse;
-	return Qtrue;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_to_i(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	int e,n,i,nf;
-	U_LONG v,b,j;
-	char *psz,*pch;
-	Real *p;
-	
-	GUARD_OBJ(p,GetVpValue(self,1));
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(p)) return Qnil; /* Infinity or NaN not converted. */
-	
-	e = VpExponent10(p); 
-	if(e<=0) return INT2FIX(0);
-	nf = VpBaseFig();
-	if(e<=nf) {
-		e = VpGetSign(p)*p->frac[0];
-		return INT2FIX(e);
-	}
-	psz = ALLOCA_N(char,(unsigned int)(e+nf+2));
-
-	n = (e+nf-1)/nf;
-	pch = psz;
-	if(VpGetSign(p)<0) *pch++ = '-';
-	for(i=0;i<n;++i) {
-		v = p->frac[i];
-		b = VpBaseVal()/10;
-		while(b) {
-			j = v/b;
-			*pch++ = (char)(j + '0');
-			v -= j*b;
-			b /= 10;
-		}
-	}
-	*pch++ = 0;
-	return rb_str2inum(psz,10);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_induced_from(self,x)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE x;
-{
-	Real *p = GetVpValue(x,1);
-	return p->obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_coerce(self, other)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE other;
-{
-	ENTER(2);
-	VALUE obj;
-	Real *b;
-	GUARD_OBJ(b,GetVpValue(other,1));
-	obj = rb_ary_new();
-	obj = rb_ary_push(obj, b->obj);
-	obj = rb_ary_push(obj, self);
-	return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_uplus(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	return self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_add(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a, *b;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-
-	if(VpIsNaN(b)) return b->obj;
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) return a->obj;
-	mx = GetAddSubPrec(a,b);
-	if(mx==(-1L)) {
-		GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(VpBaseFig() + 1, "0"));
-		VpAddSub(c, a, b, 1);
-	} else {
-		GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx *(VpBaseFig() + 1), "0"));
-		if(!mx) {
-			VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a));
-		} else {
-			VpAddSub(c, a, b, 1);
-		}
-	}
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sub(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a, *b;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-
-	if(VpIsNaN(b)) return b->obj;
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) return a->obj;
-
-	mx = GetAddSubPrec(a,b);
-	if(mx==(-1L)) {
-		GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(VpBaseFig() + 1, "0"));
-		VpAddSub(c, a, b, -1);
-	} else {
-		GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx *(VpBaseFig() + 1), "0"));
-		if(!mx) {
-			VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a));
-		} else {
-			VpAddSub(c, a, b, -1);
-		}
-	}
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static S_INT
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloatCmp(VALUE self,VALUE r)
-#else
-BigFloatCmp(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *a, *b;
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-	return VpComp(a, b);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_zero(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	Real *a = GetVpValue(self,1);
-	return VpIsZero(a) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_nonzero(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	Real *a = GetVpValue(self,1);
-	return VpIsZero(a) ? Qfalse : self;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_comp(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	S_INT e;
-	e = BigFloatCmp(self, r);
-	if(e==999) return rb_float_new(VpGetDoubleNaN());
-	return INT2FIX(e);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_eq(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *a, *b;
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return Qfalse; /* Not comparable */
-	SAVE(b);
-	return VpComp(a, b)? Qfalse:Qtrue;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_ne(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *a, *b;
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return Qtrue; /* Not comparable */
-	SAVE(b);
-	return VpComp(a, b) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_lt(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	S_INT e;
-	e = BigFloatCmp(self, r);
-	if(e==999) return Qfalse;
-	return(e < 0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_le(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	S_INT e;
-	e = BigFloatCmp(self, r);
-	if(e==999) return Qfalse;
-	return(e <= 0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_gt(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	S_INT e;
-	e = BigFloatCmp(self, r);
-	if(e==999) return Qfalse;
-	return(e > 0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_ge(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	S_INT e;
-	e = BigFloatCmp(self, r);
-	if(e==999) return Qfalse;
-	return(e >= 0) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_neg(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1), "0"));
-	VpAsgn(c, a, -1);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_mult(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a, *b;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-
-	mx = a->Prec + b->Prec;
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx *(VpBaseFig() + 1), "0"));
-	VpMult(c, a, b);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloat_divide(Real **c,Real **res,Real **div,VALUE self,VALUE r)
-#else
-BigFloat_divide(c,res,div,self,r)
-	Real **c;
-	Real **res;
-	Real **div;
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *a, *b;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-	*div = b;
-	mx =(a->MaxPrec + b->MaxPrec) *VpBaseFig();
-	GUARD_OBJ((*c),VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ((*res),VpCreateRbObject((mx+1) * 2 +(VpBaseFig() + 1), "#0"));
-	VpDivd(*c, *res, a, b);
-	return (VALUE)0;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_div(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c=NULL, *res=NULL, *div = NULL;
-	r = BigFloat_divide(&c, &res, &div, self, r);
-	SAVE(c);SAVE(res);SAVE(div);
-	if(r!=(VALUE)0) return r; /* coerced by other */
-	if(res->frac[0]*2>=div->frac[0]) {
-		/* Round up */
-		VpRdup(c);
-	}
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-/*
- * %: mod = a%b = a - (a.to_f/b).floor * b
- * div = (a.to_f/b).floor
- */
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloat_DoDivmod(VALUE self,VALUE r,Real **div,Real **mod) 
-#else
-BigFloat_DoDivmod(self, r, div, mod) 
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-	Real **div;
-	Real **mod;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	ENTER(8);
-	Real *c=NULL, *d=NULL, *res=NULL;
-	Real *a, *b;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-
-	mx = a->Prec;
-	if(mx<b->Prec) mx = b->Prec;
-	mx =(mx + 1) * VpBaseFig();
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(res,VpCreateRbObject((mx+1) * 2 +(VpBaseFig() + 1), "#0"));
-	VpDivd(c, res, a, b);
-	mx = c->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(d,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(d,c,1,3,0);
-	VpMult(res,d,b);
-	VpAddSub(c,a,res,-1);
-	*div = d;
-	*mod = c;
-	return (VALUE)0;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_mod(self, r) /* %: a%b = a - (a.to_f/b).floor * b */
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(3);
-	VALUE obj;
-	Real *div=NULL, *mod=NULL;
-
-	obj = BigFloat_DoDivmod(self,r,&div,&mod); 
-	SAVE(div);SAVE(mod);
-	if(obj!=(VALUE)0) return obj;
-	return ToValue(mod);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_divremain(self,r,dv,rv)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-	Real **dv;
-	Real **rv;
-{
-	ENTER(10);
-	U_LONG mx;
-	Real *a=NULL, *b=NULL, *c=NULL, *res=NULL, *d=NULL, *rr=NULL, *ff=NULL;
-	Real *f=NULL;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	b = GetVpValue(r,0);
-	if(!b) return DoSomeOne(self,r);
-	SAVE(b);
-
-	mx  =(a->MaxPrec + b->MaxPrec) *VpBaseFig();
-	GUARD_OBJ(c  ,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(res,VpCreateRbObject((mx+1) * 2 +(VpBaseFig() + 1), "#0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(rr ,VpCreateRbObject((mx+1) * 2 +(VpBaseFig() + 1), "#0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(ff ,VpCreateRbObject((mx+1) * 2 +(VpBaseFig() + 1), "#0"));
-
-	VpDivd(c, res, a, b);
-
-	mx = c->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(d,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(f,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
- 
-	VpRound(d,c,1,1,0); /* 1: round off */
-	
-	VpFrac(f, c);
-	VpMult(rr,f,b);
-	VpAddSub(ff,res,rr,1);
-
-	*dv = d;
-	*rv = ff;
-	return (VALUE)0;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_remainder(self, r) /* remainder */
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	VALUE  f;
-	Real  *d,*rv;
-	f = BigFloat_divremain(self,r,&d,&rv);
-	if(f!=(VALUE)0) return f;
-	return ToValue(rv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_divmod(self, r)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE r;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	VALUE obj;
-	Real *div=NULL, *mod=NULL;
-
-	obj = BigFloat_DoDivmod(self,r,&div,&mod); 
-	if(obj!=(VALUE)0) return obj;
-	SAVE(div);SAVE(mod);
-	obj = rb_ary_new();
-	rb_ary_push(obj, ToValue(div));
-	rb_ary_push(obj, ToValue(mod));
-	return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_divmod2(self,b,n)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE b;
-	VALUE n;
-{
-	ENTER(10);
-	VALUE obj;
-	Real *res=NULL;
-	Real *av=NULL, *bv=NULL, *cv=NULL;
-	U_LONG mx = (U_LONG)GetPositiveInt(n)+VpBaseFig();
-
-	obj = rb_ary_new();
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,VpCreateRbObject(mx,"0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	mx = cv->MaxPrec+1;
-	GUARD_OBJ(res,VpCreateRbObject((mx * 2 + 1)*VpBaseFig(), "#0"));
-	VpDivd(cv,res,av,bv);
-	obj = rb_ary_push(obj, ToValue(cv));
-	obj = rb_ary_push(obj, ToValue(res));
-
-	return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_divmod4(self,c,r,a,b)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE c;
-	VALUE r;
-	VALUE a;
-	VALUE b;
-{
-	ENTER(10);
-	U_LONG f;
-	Real *res=NULL;
-	Real *av=NULL, *bv=NULL, *cv=NULL;
-	CheckAsign(c,a);
-	CheckAsign(c,b);
-	CheckAsign(r,a);
-	CheckAsign(r,b);
-	CheckAsign(r,c);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,GetVpValue(c,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(a,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(res,GetVpValue(r,1));
-	f = VpDivd(cv,res,av,bv);
-	return INT2FIX(f);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_asign(self,c,a,f)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE c;
-	VALUE a;
-	VALUE f;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	int v;
-	Real *av;
-	Real *cv;
-	CheckAsign(c,a);
-	Check_Type(f, T_FIXNUM);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,GetVpValue(c,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(a,1));
-	v = VpAsgn(cv,av,NUM2INT(f));
-	return INT2NUM(v);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_asign2(self,n,f)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE n;
-	VALUE f;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *cv;
-	Real *av;
-	U_LONG mx = (U_LONG)GetPositiveInt(n);
-	Check_Type(f, T_FIXNUM);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,VpCreateRbObject(mx,"0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	VpAsgn(cv,av,NUM2INT(f));
-	return ToValue(cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_add2(self,b,n)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE b;
-	VALUE n;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG mx = (U_LONG)GetPositiveInt(n);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,VpCreateRbObject(mx,"0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	VpAddSub(cv,av,bv,1);  
-	return ToValue(cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_add3(self,c,a,b)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE c;
-	VALUE a;
-	VALUE b;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG f;
-	CheckAsign(c,a);
-	CheckAsign(c,b);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,GetVpValue(c,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(a,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	f = VpAddSub(cv,av,bv,1);
-	return INT2NUM(f);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sub2(self,b,n)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE b;
-	VALUE n;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG mx = (U_LONG)GetPositiveInt(n);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,VpCreateRbObject(mx,"0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	VpAddSub(cv,av,bv,-1);
-	return ToValue(cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sub3(self,c,a,b)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE c;
-	VALUE a;
-	VALUE b;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG f;
-	CheckAsign(c,a);
-	CheckAsign(c,b);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,GetVpValue(c,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(a,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	f = VpAddSub(cv,av,bv,-1);
-	return INT2NUM(f);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_mult2(self,b,n)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE b;
-	VALUE n;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG mx = (U_LONG)GetPositiveInt(n);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,VpCreateRbObject(mx,"0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	VpMult(cv,av,bv);
-	return ToValue(cv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_mult3(self,c,a,b)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE c;
-	VALUE a;
-	VALUE b;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *av;
-	Real *bv;
-	Real *cv;
-	U_LONG f;
-	CheckAsign(c,a);
-	CheckAsign(c,b);
-	GUARD_OBJ(cv,GetVpValue(c,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(av,GetVpValue(a,1));
-	GUARD_OBJ(bv,GetVpValue(b,1));
-	f = VpMult(cv,av,bv);
-	return INT2NUM(f);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_dup(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpAsgn(c, a, 1);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_abs(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpAsgn(c, a, 1);
-	VpChangeSign(c,(S_INT)1);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sqrt(self, nFig)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE nFig;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	S_INT mx, n;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	mx *= 2;
-
-	n = GetPositiveInt(nFig) + VpBaseFig();
-	if(mx < n) mx = n;
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpSqrt(c, a);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_fix(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(c,a,1,1,0); /* 1: round off */
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_round(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	int iLoc;
-	int sw;
-	U_LONG mx;
-	VALUE vLoc;
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"01",&vLoc)==0) {
-		iLoc = 0;
-	} else {
-		Check_Type(vLoc, T_FIXNUM);
-		iLoc = NUM2INT(vLoc);
-	}
-	sw = 2;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(c,a,sw,1,iLoc);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_truncate(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	int iLoc;
-	int sw;
-	U_LONG mx;
-	VALUE vLoc;
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"01",&vLoc)==0) {
-		iLoc = 0;
-	} else {
-		Check_Type(vLoc, T_FIXNUM);
-		iLoc = NUM2INT(vLoc);
-	}
-	sw = 1; /* truncate */
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(c,a,sw,1,iLoc);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_frac(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpFrac(c, a);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_floor(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-	int iLoc;
-	VALUE vLoc;
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"01",&vLoc)==0) {
-		iLoc = 0;
-	} else {
-		Check_Type(vLoc, T_FIXNUM);
-		iLoc = NUM2INT(vLoc);
-	}
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(c,a,1,3,iLoc);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_ceil(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *a;
-	U_LONG mx;
-	int iLoc;
-	VALUE vLoc;
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"01",&vLoc)==0) {
-		iLoc = 0;
-	} else {
-		Check_Type(vLoc, T_FIXNUM);
-		iLoc = NUM2INT(vLoc);
-	}
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(a,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mx = a->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mx, "0"));
-	VpRound(c,a,1,2,iLoc);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_to_s(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *vp;
-	char *psz;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(vp,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	psz = ALLOCA_N(char,(unsigned int)VpNumOfChars(vp));
-	VpToString(vp, psz, 0);
-	return rb_str_new2(psz);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_to_s2(self, f)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE f;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *vp;
-	char *psz;
-	U_LONG nc;
-	S_INT mc;
-	GUARD_OBJ(vp,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	nc = VpNumOfChars(vp);
-	mc = GetPositiveInt(f);
-	nc +=(nc + mc - 1) / mc;
-	psz = ALLOCA_N(char,(unsigned int)nc);
-	VpToString(vp, psz, mc);
-	return rb_str_new2(psz);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_to_parts(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *vp;
-	VALUE obj,obj1;
-	S_LONG e;
-	S_LONG s;
-	char *psz1;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(vp,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	psz1 = ALLOCA_N(char,(unsigned int)VpNumOfChars(vp));
-	VpSzMantissa(vp,psz1);
-	s = 1;
-	if(psz1[0]=='-') {
-		int i=0;
-		s = -1;
-		while(psz1[i]=psz1[i+1]) i++ ;
-	}
-	if(psz1[0]=='N') s=0; /* NaN */
-	e = VpExponent10(vp);
-	obj1 = rb_str_new2(psz1);
-	obj  = rb_ary_new();
-	rb_ary_push(obj, INT2FIX(s));
-	rb_ary_push(obj, obj1);
-	rb_ary_push(obj, INT2FIX(10));
-	rb_ary_push(obj, INT2NUM(e));
-	return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_exponent(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	S_LONG e = VpExponent10(GetVpValue(self,1));
-	return INT2NUM(e);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_inspect(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *vp;
-	VALUE obj;
-	unsigned int nc;
-	char *psz1;
-	char *pszAll;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(vp,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	nc = VpNumOfChars(vp);
-	nc +=(nc + 9) / 10;
-
-	psz1   = ALLOCA_N(char,nc);
-	pszAll = ALLOCA_N(char,nc+256);
-	VpToString(vp, psz1, 10);
-	sprintf(pszAll,"#<BigFloat:%x,'%s',%u(%u)>",self,psz1,VpPrec(vp)*VpBaseFig(),VpMaxPrec(vp)*VpBaseFig());
-
-	obj = rb_str_new2(pszAll);
-	return obj;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_power(self, p)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE p;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *x, *y;
-	S_LONG mp, ma, n;
-
-	Check_Type(p, T_FIXNUM);
-	n = NUM2INT(p);
-	ma = n;
-	if(ma < 0)  ma = -ma;
-	if(ma == 0) ma = 1;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(x,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	if(VpIsDef(x)) {
-		mp = x->Prec *(VpBaseFig() + 1);
-		GUARD_OBJ(y,VpCreateRbObject(mp *(ma + 1), "0"));
-	} else {
-		GUARD_OBJ(y,VpCreateRbObject(1, "0"));
-	}
-	VpPower(y, x, n);
-	return ToValue(y);
-}
-
-static void
-BigFloat_delete(pv)
-	Real *pv;
-{
-	VpFree(pv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_new(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *pv;
-	S_LONG mf;
-	VALUE  nFig;
-	VALUE  iniValue;
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"11",&iniValue,&nFig)==1) {
-		mf = 0;
-	} else {
-		mf = GetPositiveInt(nFig);
-	}
-	Check_SafeStr(iniValue);
-	GUARD_OBJ(pv,VpNewRbClass(mf, RSTRING(iniValue)->ptr,self));
-	return ToValue(pv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_hash(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	ENTER(1);
-    	Real *p;
-	U_LONG hash, i;
-	S_INT sign, n;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(p,GetVpValue(self,1));
-
-	sign = p->sign;
-	hash = (U_LONG)sign;
-
-	switch (sign) {
-	case 2:
-	case -2:
-		for (i = 0; i < p->Prec; i++) {
-			hash ^= p->frac[i];
-		}
-
-		/* rotate left */
-		n = p->exponent & 0xf;
-		hash = hash << n | hash >> (sizeof(hash) * 8 - n);
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return LONG2FIX((long)hash);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_dump(self, limit)
-	VALUE self, limit;
-{
-	return BigFloat_to_s(self);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_load(klass, str)
-	VALUE klass, str;
-{
-	return BigFloat_new(1, &str, klass);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_limit(argc,argv,self)
-	int   argc;
-	VALUE *argv;
-	VALUE self;
-{
-	VALUE  nFig;
-	VALUE  nCur = INT2NUM(VpGetPrecLimit());
-
-	if(rb_scan_args(argc,argv,"01",&nFig)==1) {
-		Check_Type(nFig, T_FIXNUM);
-		VpSetPrecLimit(NUM2INT(nFig));
-	}
-	return nCur;
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_e(self, nFig)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE nFig;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *pv;
-	S_LONG mf;
-
-	mf = GetPositiveInt(nFig);
-	GUARD_OBJ(pv,VpCreateRbObject(mf, "0"));
-	VpExp1(pv);
-	return ToValue(pv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_pai(self, nFig)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE nFig;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *pv;
-	S_LONG mf;
-
-	mf = GetPositiveInt(nFig);
-	GUARD_OBJ(pv,VpCreateRbObject(mf, "0"));
-	VpPai(pv);
-	return ToValue(pv);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_exp(self, nFig)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE nFig;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	Real *c, *y;
-	S_LONG mf;
-
-	GUARD_OBJ(y,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mf = GetPositiveInt(nFig);
-	GUARD_OBJ(c,VpCreateRbObject(mf, "0"));
-	VpExp(c, y);
-	return ToValue(c);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sign(self)
-	VALUE self;
-{ /* sign */
-	int s = GetVpValue(self,1)->sign;
-	return INT2FIX(s);
-}
-
-static VALUE
-BigFloat_sincos(self, nFig)
-	VALUE self;
-	VALUE nFig;
-{
-	ENTER(5);
-	VALUE obj;
-	VALUE objSin;
-	VALUE objCos;
-	Real *pcos, *psin, *y;
-	S_LONG mf;
-
-	obj = rb_ary_new();
-	GUARD_OBJ(y,GetVpValue(self,1));
-	mf = GetPositiveInt(nFig);
-	GUARD_OBJ(pcos,VpCreateRbObject(mf, "0"));
-	GUARD_OBJ(psin,VpCreateRbObject(mf, "0"));
-	VpSinCos(psin, pcos, y);
-
-	objSin = ToValue(psin);
-	objCos = ToValue(pcos);
-	rb_ary_push(obj, objSin);
-	rb_ary_push(obj, objCos);
-	return obj;
-}
-
-/*
- *
- *  ============================================================================
- *
- *  vp_ routines begins here
- *
- *  ============================================================================
- *
- */
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-static int gfDebug = 0;         /* Debug switch */
-static int gfCheckVal = 1;      /* Value checking flag in VpNmlz()  */
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-static U_LONG gnPrecLimit = 0;  /* Global upper limit of the precision newly allocated */
-static S_LONG BASE_FIG = 4;     /* =log10(BASE)  */
-static U_LONG BASE = 10000L;    /* Base value(value must be 10**BASE_FIG) */
-				/* The value of BASE**2 + BASE must be represented */
-				/* within one U_LONG. */
-static U_LONG HALF_BASE = 5000L;/* =BASE/2  */
-static S_LONG DBLE_FIG = 8;	/* figure of double */
-static U_LONG BASE1 = 1000L;	/* =BASE/10  */
-
-static Real *VpConstOne;	/* constant 1.0 */
-static Real *VpPt5;		/* constant 0.5 */
-static U_LONG maxnr = 100;	/* Maximum iterations for calcurating sqrt. */
-				/* used in VpSqrt() */
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-static int gnAlloc=0; /* Memory allocation counter */
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-/*
- * EXCEPTION Handling.
- */
-static unsigned short gfDoException = 0; /* Exception flag */
-
-static unsigned short
-VpGetException()
-{
-	return gfDoException;
-}
-
-static void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSetException(unsigned short f)
-#else
-VpSetException(f)
-	unsigned short f;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	gfDoException = f;
-}
-
-/* These 2 functions added at v1.1.7 */
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpGetPrecLimit()
-{
-	return gnPrecLimit;
-}
-
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpSetPrecLimit(U_LONG n)
-#else
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpSetPrecLimit()
-U_LONG n;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	U_LONG s = gnPrecLimit;
-	gnPrecLimit = n;
-	return s;
-}
-
-/*
- *  0.0 & 1.0 generator 
- *	These gZero_..... and gOne_..... can be any name 
- *	referenced from nowhere except Zero() and One().
- *	gZero_..... and gOne_..... must have global scope. 
- */
-double gZero_ABCED9B1_CE73__00400511F31D = 0.0;
-double gOne_ABCED9B4_CE73__00400511F31D  = 1.0;
-static double Zero() { return gZero_ABCED9B1_CE73__00400511F31D;}
-static double One()	 { return gOne_ABCED9B4_CE73__00400511F31D;}
-
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG VpBaseFig()    { return BASE_FIG;}
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG VpDblFig()     { return DBLE_FIG;}
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpBaseVal()    { return BASE;}
-
-/*
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------
-  Value of sign in Real structure is reserved for future use.
-  short sign;
-					==0 : NaN
-					  1 : Positive zero
-					 -1 : Negative zero
-					  2 : Positive number
-					 -2 : Negative number
-					  3 : Positive infinite number
-					 -3 : Negative infinite number
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------
-*/
-
-VP_EXPORT double
-VpGetDoubleNaN() /* Returns the value of NaN */
-{
-	static double fNaN = 0.0;
-	if(fNaN==0.0) fNaN = Zero()/Zero();
-	return fNaN;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT double
-VpGetDoublePosInf() /* Returns the value of +Infinity */
-{
-	static double fInf = 0.0;
-	if(fInf==0.0) fInf = One()/Zero();
-	return fInf;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT double
-VpGetDoubleNegInf() /* Returns the value of -Infinity */
-{
-	static double fInf = 0.0;
-	if(fInf==0.0) fInf = -(One()/Zero());
-	return fInf;
-}
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-MemCmp(unsigned char *a,unsigned char *b,int n)
-#else
-MemCmp(a,b,n)
-	unsigned char *a;
-	unsigned char *b;
-	int n;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	int i;
-	for(i=0;i<n;++i) if(*a++ != *b++) return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT double
-VpGetDoubleNegZero() /* Returns the value of -0 */
-{
-	static double nzero = 1000.0;
-	if(nzero!=0.0) nzero = (One()/VpGetDoubleNegInf());
-	return nzero;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpIsNegDoubleZero(double v)
-#else
-VpIsNegDoubleZero(v)
-double v;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	double z = VpGetDoubleNegZero(); 
-	return MemCmp((unsigned char *)&v,(unsigned char *)&z,sizeof(v))==0;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpException(unsigned short f,char *str,int always)
-#else
-VpException(f,str,always)
-	unsigned short f;
-	char *str;
-	int always; /* raise exception even gfDoException==0 */
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	VALUE exc;
-	int   fatal=0;
-
-	if(f==VP_EXCEPTION_OP || f==VP_EXCEPTION_MEMORY) always = 1;
-
-	if(always||(gfDoException&f)) {
-		switch(f)
-		{
-		/*
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE:
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW:
-		*/
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY:
-			 exc = rb_eFloatDomainError;
-			 goto raise;
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_NaN:
-			 exc = rb_eFloatDomainError;
-			 goto raise;
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW:
-			 exc = rb_eFloatDomainError;
-			 goto raise;
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_OP:
-			 exc = rb_eFloatDomainError;
-			 goto raise;
-		case VP_EXCEPTION_MEMORY:
-			 fatal = 1;
-			 goto raise;
-		default:
-			 fatal = 1;
-			 goto raise;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0; /* 0 Means VpException() raised no exception */
-
-raise:
-	if(fatal) rb_fatal(str);
-	else   rb_raise(exc,str);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/* Throw exception or returns 0,when resulting c is Inf or NaN */
-/*  sw=1:+ 2:- 3:* 4:/ */
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpIsDefOP(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b,int sw)
-#else
-VpIsDefOP(c,a,b,sw)
-	Real *c;
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-	int  sw;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
- if(VpIsNaN(a) || VpIsNaN(b)) {
-		/* at least a or b is NaN */
-		VpSetNaN(c);
-		goto NaN;
- }
-
- if(VpIsInf(a)) {
-		if(VpIsInf(b)) {
-			switch(sw)
-			{
-			case 1: /* + */
-				if(VpGetSign(a)==VpGetSign(b)) {
-					VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a));
-					goto Inf;
-				} else {
-					VpSetNaN(c);
-					goto NaN;
-				}
-			case 2: /* - */
-				if(VpGetSign(a)!=VpGetSign(b)) {
-					VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a));
-					goto Inf;
-				} else {
-					VpSetNaN(c);
-					goto NaN;
-				}
-				break;
-			case 3: /* * */
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-				goto Inf;
-				break;
-			case 4: /* / */
-				VpSetNaN(c);
-				goto NaN;
-			}
-			VpSetNaN(c);
-			goto NaN;
-		}
-		/* Inf op Finite */
-		switch(sw)
-		{
-		case 1: /* + */
-		case 2: /* - */
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a));
-				break;
-		case 3: /* * */
-				if(VpIsZero(b)) {
-					VpSetNaN(c);
-					goto NaN;
-				}
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-				break;
-		case 4: /* / */
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		}
-		goto Inf;
- }
-
-	if(VpIsInf(b)) {
-		switch(sw)
-		{
-		case 1: /* + */
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(b));
-				break;
-		case 2: /* - */
-				VpSetInf(c,-VpGetSign(b));
-				break;
-		case 3: /* * */
-				if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-					VpSetNaN(c);
-					goto NaN;
-				}
-				VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-				break;
-		case 4: /* / */
-				VpSetZero(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		}
-		goto Inf;
-	}
-	return 1; /* Results OK */
-
-Inf:
-	return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Computation results to 'Infinity'",0);
-NaN:
-	return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN,"Computation results to 'NaN'",0);
-}
-
-/*
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------
-*/
-
-
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNumOfChars(Real *vp)
-#else
-VpNumOfChars(vp)
-	Real *vp;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *	returns number of chars needed to represent vp.
- */
-{
-	if(vp == NULL)   return BASE_FIG*2+6;
-	if(!VpIsDef(vp)) return 32; /* not sure,may be OK */
-	return     BASE_FIG *(vp->Prec + 2)+6; /* 3: sign + exponent chars */
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpInit(U_LONG BaseVal)
-#else
-VpInit(BaseVal)
-	U_LONG BaseVal;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Initializer for Vp routines and constants used. 
- * [Input] 
- *   BaseVal: Base value(asigned to BASE) for Vp calculation.
- *   It must be the form BaseVal=10**n.(n=1,2,3,...)
- *   If Base <= 0L,then the BASE will be calcurated so
- *   that BASE is as large as possible satisfying the
- *   relation MaxVal <= BASE*(BASE+1). Where the value 
- *   MaxVal is the largest value which can be represented 
- *   by one U_LONG word(LONG) in the computer used. 
- *
- * [Returns]
- * DBLE_FIG   ... OK 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG w;
-	double v;
-
-	/* Setup +/- Inf  NaN -0 */
-	VpGetDoubleNaN();
-	VpGetDoublePosInf();
-	VpGetDoubleNegInf();
-	VpGetDoubleNegZero();
-
-	if(BaseVal <= 0) {
-		/* Base <= 0, then determine Base by calcuration. */
-		BASE = 1;
-		while(
-			   (BASE > 0) &&
-			   ((w = BASE *(BASE + 1)) > BASE) &&((w / BASE) ==(BASE + 1))
-			) {
-			BaseVal = BASE;
-			BASE = BaseVal * 10L;
-		}
-	}
-	/* Set Base Values */
-	BASE = BaseVal;
-	HALF_BASE = BASE / 2;
-	BASE1 = BASE / 10;
-	BASE_FIG = 0;
-	while(BaseVal /= 10) ++BASE_FIG;
-	/* Allocates Vp constants. */
-	VpConstOne = VpAlloc((U_LONG)1, "1");
-	VpPt5 = VpAlloc((U_LONG)1, ".5");
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	gnAlloc = 0;
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	/* Determine # of digits available in one 'double'. */
-
-	v = 1.0;
-	DBLE_FIG = 0;
-	while(v + 1.0 > 1.0) {
-		++DBLE_FIG;
-		v /= 10;
-	}
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		printf("VpInit: BaseVal   = %u\n", BaseVal);
-		printf("  BASE   = %u\n", BASE);
-		printf("  HALF_BASE = %u\n", HALF_BASE);
-		printf("  BASE1  = %u\n", BASE1);
-		printf("  BASE_FIG  = %u\n", BASE_FIG);
-		printf("  DBLE_FIG  = %u\n", DBLE_FIG);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	return DBLE_FIG;
-}
-
-/* If exponent overflows,then raise exception or returns 0 */
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-AddExponent(Real *a,S_INT n)
-#else
-AddExponent(a,n)
-	Real *a;
-	S_INT n;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	S_INT e = a->exponent;
-	S_INT m = e+n;
-	S_INT eb,mb;
-	if(e>0) {
-		if(n>0) {
-			mb = m*BASE_FIG;
-			eb = e*BASE_FIG;
-			if(mb<eb) goto overflow;
-		}
-	} else if(n<0) {
-		mb = m*BASE_FIG;
-		eb = e*BASE_FIG;
-		if(mb>eb) goto underflow;
-	}
-	a->exponent = m;
-	return 1;
-
-/* Overflow/Underflow ==> Raise exception or returns 0 */
-underflow:
-	VpSetZero(a,VpGetSign(a));
-	return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW,"Exponent underflow",0);
-
-overflow:
-	VpSetInf(a,VpGetSign(a));
-	return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW,"Exponent overflow",0);
-}
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-/*
- *********************** DEBUGGING routines
- */
-void P_Set(void *p);
-void P_Free(void *p);
-void P_Set(void *p)
-{
-}
-void P_Free(void *p)
-{
-}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-static void *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpMemAlloc(U_LONG mb)
-#else
-VpMemAlloc(mb)
-	U_LONG mb;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-#ifdef USE_XMALLOC
-	void *p = xmalloc((unsigned int)mb);
-#else
-	void *p = malloc((unsigned int)mb);
-#endif /* ~USE_XMALLOC */
-	if(!p) {
-		VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_MEMORY,"failed to allocate memory",1);
-	}
-	memset(p,0,mb);
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	++gnAlloc;
-	P_Set(p);
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return p;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFree(Real *pv)
-#else
-VpFree(pv)
-	Real *pv;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	if(pv != NULL) {
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-		if(--gnAlloc<=0) {
-			extern int getch();
-			printf("\n=========== VpFree: All memory allocated so far freed ===========\n");
-			if(gnAlloc<0) {
-				printf("\n???????? VpFree(System Error): Too many free count. ????????\n");
-				gnAlloc = 0;
-			}
-			getch();
-			P_Free(pv);
-		}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-#ifdef USE_XFREE
-		xfree(pv);
-#else
-		free(pv);
-#endif /* USE_XFREE */
-	}
-}
-
-
-VP_EXPORT Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAlloc(U_LONG mx, char *szVal)
-#else
-VpAlloc(mx, szVal)
-	U_LONG mx;
-	char *szVal;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Allocates variable. 
- * [Input]
- *   mx ... allocation unit, if zero then mx is determined by szVal.
- *    The mx is the number of effective digits can to be stored.
- *   szVal ... value assigned(char). If szVal==NULL,then zero is assumed.
- *            If szVal[0]=='#' then Max. Prec. will not be considered(1.1.7),
- *            full precision specified by szVal is allocated.
- *
- * [Returns] 
- *   Pointer to the newly allocated variable, or 
- *   NULL be returned if memory allocation is failed,or any error. 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG i, ni, ipf, nf, ipe, ne, nalloc;
-	char v;
-	int  sign=1;
-	Real *vp = NULL;
-	U_LONG mf = VpGetPrecLimit();
-	mx = (mx + BASE_FIG - 1) / BASE_FIG + 1;	/* Determine allocation unit. */
-    if(szVal) {
-		if(*szVal!='#') {
- 			if(mf) {
-				mf = (mf + BASE_FIG - 1) / BASE_FIG + 1;
-	 			if(mx>mf) {
-					mx = mf;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			++szVal;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* necessary to be able to store */
-	/* at least mx digits. */
-	if(szVal == NULL) {
-		/* szVal==NULL ==> allocate zero value. */
-		vp = (Real *) VpMemAlloc(sizeof(Real) + mx * sizeof(U_LONG));
-		/* xmalloc() alway returns(or throw interruption) */
-		vp->MaxPrec = mx;	/* set max precision */
-		VpSetZero(vp,1);	/* initialize vp to zero. */
-		return vp;
-	}
-	/* Check on Inf & NaN */
-	if(MemCmp(szVal,"+Infinity",sizeof("+Infinity"))==0 ||
-	   MemCmp(szVal, "Infinity",sizeof ("Infinity"))==0 ) {
-		vp = (Real *) VpMemAlloc(sizeof(Real) + sizeof(U_LONG));
-		vp->MaxPrec = 1;	/* set max precision */
-		VpSetPosInf(vp);
-		return vp;
-	}
-	if(MemCmp(szVal,"-Infinity",sizeof("-Infinity"))==0) {
-		vp = (Real *) VpMemAlloc(sizeof(Real) + sizeof(U_LONG));
-		vp->MaxPrec = 1;	/* set max precision */
-		VpSetNegInf(vp);
-		return vp;
-	}
-	if(MemCmp(szVal,"NaN",sizeof("NaN"))==0) {
-		vp = (Real *) VpMemAlloc(sizeof(Real) + sizeof(U_LONG));
-		vp->MaxPrec = 1;	/* set max precision */
-		VpSetNaN(vp);
-		return vp;
-	}
-
-	/* check on number szVal[] */
-	i = SkipWhiteChar(szVal);
-	if  (szVal[i] == '-') {sign=-1;++i;}
-	else if(szVal[i] == '+')  ++i;
-	/* Skip digits */
-	ni = 0;			/* digits in mantissa */
-	while(v = szVal[i]) {
-		if((v > '9') ||(v < '0')) break;
-		++i;
-		++ni;
-	}
-	nf = 0;
-	ipf = 0;
-	ipe = 0;
-	ne = 0;
-	if(v) {
-		/* other than digit nor \0 */
-		if(szVal[i] == '.') {	/* xxx. */
-			++i;
-			ipf = i;
-			while(v = szVal[i]) {	/* get fraction part. */
-				if((v > '9') ||(v < '0')) break;
-				++i;
-				++nf;
-			}
-		}
-		ipe = 0;		/* Exponent */
-
-		switch(szVal[i]) {
-		case '\0': break;
-		case 'e':
-		case 'E':
-		case 'd':
-		case 'D':
-			++i;
-			ipe = i;
-			v = szVal[i];
-			if((v == '-') ||(v == '+')) ++i;
-			while(szVal[i]) {
-				++i;
-				++ne;
-			}
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	nalloc =(ni + nf + BASE_FIG - 1) / BASE_FIG + 1;	/* set effective allocation  */
-	/* units for szVal[]  */
-	if(mx <= 0) mx = 1;
-	nalloc = Max(nalloc, mx);
-	mx = nalloc;
-	vp =(Real *) VpMemAlloc(sizeof(Real) + mx * sizeof(U_LONG));
-	/* xmalloc() alway returns(or throw interruption) */
-	vp->MaxPrec = mx;		/* set max precision */
-	VpSetZero(vp,sign);
-	VpCtoV(vp, szVal, ni, &(szVal[ipf]), nf, &(szVal[ipe]), ne);
-	return vp;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAsgn(Real *c,Real *a,int isw)
-#else
-VpAsgn(c, a, isw)
-	Real *c;
-	Real *a;
-	int isw;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * Asignment(c=a). 
- * [Input] 
- *   a   ... RHSV 
- *   isw ... switch for assignment. 
- *    c = a  when isw =  1 or 2
- *    c = -a when isw = -1 or -1
- *    when |isw|==1 
- *    if c->MaxPrec < a->Prec,then round up 
- *    will not be performed. 
- * [Output] 
- *  c  ... LHSV 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG j, n;
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) {
-		VpSetNaN(c);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if(VpIsInf(a)) {
-		VpSetInf(c,isw);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* check if the RHS is zero */
-	if(!VpIsZero(a)) {
-		c->exponent = a->exponent;	/* store  exponent */
-		VpSetSign(c,(isw*VpGetSign(a)));	/* set sign */
-		n =(a->Prec < c->MaxPrec) ?(a->Prec) :(c->MaxPrec);
-		c->Prec = n;
-		for(j=0;j < n; ++j) c->frac[j] = a->frac[j];
-		if(isw < 0) isw = -isw;
-		if(isw == 2) {
-			if(a->MaxPrec>n) {
-				if((c->Prec < a->Prec) &&
-				   (a->frac[n] >= HALF_BASE)) VpRdup(c);	/* round up/off */
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		/* The value of 'a' is zero.  */
-		VpSetZero(c,isw*VpGetSign(a));
-		return 1;
-	}
-	VpNmlz(c);
-	return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAddSub(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b,int operation)
-#else
-VpAddSub(c, a, b, operation)
-	Real *c;
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-	int operation;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *   c = a + b  when operation =  1 or 2
- *  = a - b  when operation = -1 or -2.
- *   Returns number of significant digits of c
- */
-{
-	S_INT sw, isw;
-	Real *a_ptr, *b_ptr;
-	U_LONG register n, na, nb, i;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpAddSub(enter) a=% \n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "     b=% \n", b);
-		printf(" operation=%d\n", operation);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	if(!VpIsDefOP(c,a,b,(operation>0)?1:2)) return 0; /* No significant digits */
-
-	/* check if a or b is zero  */
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-		/* a is zero,then assign b to c */
-		if(!VpIsZero(b)) {
-			VpAsgn(c, b, operation);
-		} else {
-			/* Both a and b are zero. */
-			if(VpGetSign(a)<0 && operation*VpGetSign(b)<0) {
-				/* -0 -0 */
-				VpSetZero(c,-1);
-			} else {
-				VpSetZero(c,1);
-			}
-			return 1; /* 0: 1 significant digits */
-		}
-		return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-	}
-	if(VpIsZero(b)) {
-		/* b is zero,then assign a to c. */
-		VpAsgn(c, a, 1);
-		return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-	}
-
-	if(operation < 0) sw = -1;
-	else     sw =  1;
-
-	/* compare absolute value. As a result,|a_ptr|>=|b_ptr| */
-	if(a->exponent > b->exponent) {
-		a_ptr = a;
-		b_ptr = b;
-	} 		/* |a|>|b| */
-	else if(a->exponent < b->exponent) {
-		a_ptr = b;
-		b_ptr = a;
-	}				/* |a|<|b| */
-	else {
-		/* Exponent part of a and b is the same,then compare fraction */
-		/* part */
-		na = a->Prec;
-		nb = b->Prec;
-		n = Min(na, nb);
-		for(i=0;i < n; ++i) {
-			if(a->frac[i] > b->frac[i]) {
-				a_ptr = a;
-				b_ptr = b;
-				goto end_if;
-			} else if(a->frac[i] < b->frac[i]) {
-				a_ptr = b;
-				b_ptr = a;
-				goto end_if;
-			}
-		}
-		if(na > nb) {
-		 a_ptr = a;
-			b_ptr = b;
-			goto end_if;
-		} else if(na < nb) {
-			a_ptr = b;
-			b_ptr = a;
-			goto end_if;
-		}
-		/* |a| == |b| */
-		if(VpGetSign(a) + sw *VpGetSign(b) == 0) {
-			VpSetZero(c,1);		/* abs(a)=abs(b) and operation = '-'  */
-			return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-		}
-		a_ptr = a;
-		b_ptr = b;
-	}
-
-end_if:
-	isw = VpGetSign(a) + sw *VpGetSign(b);
-	/* 
-	 *  isw = 0 ...( 1)+(-1),( 1)-( 1),(-1)+(1),(-1)-(-1)
-	 *   = 2 ...( 1)+( 1),( 1)-(-1)
-	 *   =-2 ...(-1)+(-1),(-1)-( 1)
-	 *   If isw==0, then c =(Sign a_ptr)(|a_ptr|-|b_ptr|)
-	 *     else c =(Sign of isw)(|a_ptr|+|b_ptr|)
-	*/
-	if(isw) {			/* addition */
-		VpSetSign(c,(S_INT)1);
-		VpAddAbs(a_ptr, b_ptr, c);
-		VpSetSign(c,isw / 2);
-	} else {			/* subtraction */
-		VpSetSign(c,(S_INT)1);
-		VpSubAbs(a_ptr, b_ptr, c);
-		if(a_ptr == a) {
-			VpSetSign(c,VpGetSign(a));
-		} else	{
-			VpSetSign(c,VpGetSign(a_ptr) * sw);
-		}
-	}
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpAddSub(result) c=% \n", c);
-		VPrint(stdout, "     a=% \n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "     b=% \n", b);	
-		printf(" operation=%d\n", operation);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-}
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAddAbs(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c)
-#else
-VpAddAbs(a, b, c)
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-	Real *c;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * Addition of two variable precisional variables 
- * a and b assuming abs(a)>abs(b). 
- *   c = abs(a) + abs(b) ; where |a|>=|b|
- */
-{
-	U_LONG word_shift;
-	U_LONG round;
-	U_LONG carry;
-	U_LONG ap;
-	U_LONG bp;
-	U_LONG cp;
-	U_LONG register a_pos;
-	U_LONG register b_pos;
-	U_LONG register c_pos;
-	U_LONG av, bv;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpAddAbs called: a = %\n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "     b = %\n", b);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	word_shift = VpSetPTR(a, b, c, &ap, &bp, &cp, &av, &bv);
-	a_pos = ap;
-	b_pos = bp;
-	c_pos = cp;
-	if(word_shift==-1L) return 0; /* Overflow */
-	if(b_pos == -1L) goto Assign_a;
-
-	round =((av + bv) >= HALF_BASE) ? 1 : 0;
-
-	/* Just assign the last few digits of b to c because a has no  */
-	/* corresponding digits to be added. */
-	while(b_pos + word_shift > a_pos) {
-		--c_pos;
-		if(b_pos > 0) {
-			--b_pos;
-			c->frac[c_pos] = b->frac[b_pos];
-		} else {
-			--word_shift;
-			c->frac[c_pos] = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Just assign the last few digits of a to c because b has no */
-	/* corresponding digits to be added. */
-	bv = b_pos + word_shift;
-	while(a_pos > bv) {
-		--c_pos;
-		--a_pos;
-		c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos];
-	}
-	carry = 0;	/* set first carry be zero */
-
-	/* Now perform addition until every digits of b will be */
-	/* exhausted. */
-	while(b_pos > 0) {
-		--a_pos;
-		--b_pos;
-		--c_pos;
-		c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos] + b->frac[b_pos] + carry;
-		if(c->frac[c_pos] >= BASE) {
-			c->frac[c_pos] -= BASE;
-			carry = 1;
-		} else {
-			carry = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Just assign the first few digits of a with considering */
-	/* the carry obtained so far because b has been exhausted. */
-	while(a_pos > 0) {
-		--a_pos;
-		--c_pos;
-		c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos] + carry;
-		if(c->frac[c_pos] >= BASE) {
-			c->frac[c_pos] -= BASE;
-			carry = 1;
-		} else {
-			carry = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	if(c_pos) c->frac[c_pos - 1] += carry;
-
-	if(round) VpRdup(c);		/* Roundup and normalize. */
-	else 	  VpNmlz(c);		/* normalize the result */
-	goto Exit;
-
-Assign_a:
-	VpAsgn(c, a, 1);
-
-Exit:
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpAddAbs exit: c=% \n", c);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSubAbs(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c)
-#else
-VpSubAbs(a,b,c)
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-	Real *c;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * c = abs(a) - abs(b)
- */
-{
-	U_LONG register word_shift;
-	U_LONG round;
-	U_LONG borrow;
-	U_LONG ap;
-	U_LONG bp;
-	U_LONG cp;
-	U_LONG register a_pos;
-	U_LONG register b_pos;
-	U_LONG register c_pos;
-	U_LONG av, bv;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpSubAbs called: a = %\n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "     b = %\n", b);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	word_shift = VpSetPTR(a, b, c, &ap, &bp, &cp, &av, &bv);
-	a_pos = ap;
-	b_pos = bp;
-	c_pos = cp;
-	if(word_shift==-1L) return 0; /* Overflow */
-	if(b_pos == -1L) goto Assign_a;
-
-	if(av >= bv) {
-		round =((av -= bv) >= HALF_BASE) ? 1 : 0;
-		borrow = 0;
-	} else {
-		round = 0;
-		borrow = 1;
-	}
-
-	/* Just assign the values which are the BASE subtracted by   */
-	/* each of the last few digits of the b because the a has no */
-	/* corresponding digits to be subtracted. */
-	if(b_pos + word_shift > a_pos) {
-		borrow = 1;
-		--c_pos;
-		--b_pos;
-		c->frac[c_pos] = BASE - b->frac[b_pos];
-		while(b_pos + word_shift > a_pos) {
-			--c_pos;
-			if(b_pos > 0) {
-				--b_pos;
-				c->frac[c_pos] = BASE - b->frac[b_pos] - borrow;
-			} else {
-				--word_shift;
-				c->frac[c_pos] = BASE - borrow;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	/* Just assign the last few digits of a to c because b has no */
-	/* corresponding digits to subtract. */
-
-	bv = b_pos + word_shift;
-	while(a_pos > bv) {
-		--c_pos;
-		--a_pos;
-		c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos];
-	}
-
-	/* Now perform subtraction until every digits of b will be */
-	/* exhausted. */
-	while(b_pos > 0) {
-		--a_pos;
-		--b_pos;
-		--c_pos;
-		if(a->frac[a_pos] < b->frac[b_pos] + borrow) {
-			c->frac[c_pos] = BASE + a->frac[a_pos] - b->frac[b_pos] - borrow;
-			borrow = 1;
-		} else {
-			c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos] - b->frac[b_pos] - borrow;
-			borrow = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Just assign the first few digits of a with considering */
-	/* the borrow obtained so far because b has been exhausted. */
-	while(a_pos > 0) {
-		--c_pos;
-		--a_pos;
-		if(a->frac[a_pos] < borrow) {
-			c->frac[c_pos] = BASE + a->frac[a_pos] - borrow;
-			borrow = 1;
-		} else {
-			c->frac[c_pos] = a->frac[a_pos] - borrow;
-			borrow = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	if(c_pos) c->frac[c_pos - 1] -= borrow;
-	if(round) VpRdup(c);		/* Round up and normalize */
-	else   VpNmlz(c);		/* normalize the result */
-	goto Exit;
-
-Assign_a:
-	VpAsgn(c, a, 1);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpSubAbs exit: c=% \n", c);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSetPTR(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c,U_LONG *a_pos,U_LONG *b_pos,U_LONG *c_pos,U_LONG *av,U_LONG *bv)
-#else
-VpSetPTR(a, b, c, a_pos, b_pos, c_pos, av, bv)
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-	Real *c;
-	U_LONG *a_pos;
-	U_LONG *b_pos;
-	U_LONG *c_pos;
-	U_LONG *av;
-	U_LONG *bv;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Note: If(av+bv)>= HALF_BASE,then 1 will be added to the least significant 
- *    digit of c(In case of addition).  
- * ------------------------- figure of output ----------------------------------- 
- *      a =  xxxxxxxxxxx 
- *      b =    xxxxxxxxxx 
- *      c =xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
- *   word_shift =  |   | 
- *   right_word =  |    | (Total digits in RHSV) 
- *   left_word  = |   |   (Total digits in LHSV) 
- *   a_pos   =    | 
- *   b_pos   =     | 
- *   c_pos   =      | 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG left_word, right_word, word_shift;
-	c->frac[0] = 0;
-	*av = *bv = 0;
-	word_shift =((a->exponent) -(b->exponent));
-	left_word = b->Prec + word_shift;
-	right_word = Max((a->Prec),left_word);
-	left_word =(c->MaxPrec) - 1;	/* -1 ... prepare for round up */
-	/*
-	 * check if 'round off' is needed. 
-	 */
-	if(right_word > left_word) {	/* round off ? */
-		/*--------------------------------- 
-		 *  Actual size of a = xxxxxxAxx
-		 *  Actual size of b = xxxBxxxxx 
-		 *  Max. size of   c = xxxxxx 
-		 *  Round off  =   |-----| 
-		 *  c_pos   =   | 
-		 *  right_word    =   | 
-		 *  a_pos   =    |
-		 */
-		*c_pos = right_word = left_word + 1;	/* Set resulting precision */
-		/* be equal to that of c */
-		if((a->Prec) >=(c->MaxPrec)) {
-			/*
-			 *   a =  xxxxxxAxxx 
-			 *   c =  xxxxxx 
-			 *  a_pos =  | 
-			 */
-			*a_pos = left_word;
-			*av = a->frac[*a_pos];	/* av is 'A' shown in above. */
-		} else {
-			/*
-			 *   a = xxxxxxx 
-			 *   c = xxxxxxxxxx 
-			 *  a_pos =     | 
-			 */
-			*a_pos = a->Prec;
-		}
-		if((b->Prec + word_shift) >= c->MaxPrec) {
-			/* 
-			 *   a = xxxxxxxxx 
-			 *   b =  xxxxxxxBxxx 
-			 *   c = xxxxxxxxxxx 
-			 *  b_pos =   | 
-			 */
-			if(c->MaxPrec >=(word_shift + 1)) {
-				*b_pos = c->MaxPrec - word_shift - 1;
-				*bv = b->frac[*b_pos];
-			} else {
-				*b_pos = -1L;
-			}
-		} else {
-			/*
-			 *   a = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 
-			 *   b =  xxxxxx 
-			 *   c = xxxxxxxxxxxxx
-			 *  b_pos =     | 
-			 */
-			*b_pos = b->Prec;
-		}
-	} else {			/* The MaxPrec of c - 1 > The Prec of a + b  */
-		/*
-		 *    a =   xxxxxxx 
-		 *    b =   xxxxxx 
-		 *    c = xxxxxxxxxxx 
-		 *   c_pos =   | 
-		 */
-		*b_pos = b->Prec;
-		*a_pos = a->Prec;
-		*c_pos = right_word + 1;
-	}
-	c->Prec = *c_pos;
-	c->exponent = a->exponent;
-	if(!AddExponent(c,(S_LONG)1)) return (-1L);
-	return word_shift;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpMult(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b)
-#else
-VpMult(c, a, b)
-	Real *c;
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * Return number og significant digits 
- *       c = a * b , Where a = a0a1a2 ... an 
- *             b = b0b1b2 ... bm
- *             c = c0c1c2 ... cl
- *          a0 a1 ... an   * bm 
- *       a0 a1 ... an   * bm-1
- *         .   .    . 
- *       .   .   . 
- *        a0 a1 .... an    * b0 
- *      +_____________________________
- *     c0 c1 c2  ......  cl 
- *     nc      <---| 
- *     MaxAB |--------------------| 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG MxIndA, MxIndB, MxIndAB, MxIndC;
-	U_LONG register ind_c, i, nc;
-	U_LONG register ind_as, ind_ae, ind_bs, ind_be;
-	U_LONG Carry, s;
-	Real *w;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpMult(Enter): a=% \n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "      b=% \n", b);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-	if(!VpIsDefOP(c,a,b,3)) return 0; /* No significant digit */
-
-	if(VpIsZero(a) || VpIsZero(b)) {
-		/* at least a or b is zero */
-		VpSetZero(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		return 1; /* 0: 1 significant digit */
-	}
-
-	if((a->Prec == 1) &&(a->frac[0] == 1) &&(a->exponent == 1)) {
-		VpAsgn(c, b, VpGetSign(a));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if((b->Prec == 1) &&(b->frac[0] == 1) &&(b->exponent == 1)) {
-		VpAsgn(c, a, VpGetSign(b));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if((b->Prec) >(a->Prec)) {
-		/* Adjust so that digits(a)>digits(b) */
-		w = a;
-		a = b;
-		b = w;
-	}
-	w = NULL;
-	MxIndA = a->Prec - 1;
-	MxIndB = b->Prec - 1;
-	MxIndC = c->MaxPrec - 1;
-	MxIndAB = a->Prec + b->Prec - 1;
-
-	if(MxIndC < MxIndAB) {	/* The Max. prec. of c < Prec(a)+Prec(b) */
-		w = c;
-		c = VpAlloc((U_LONG)((MxIndAB + 1) * BASE_FIG), "#0");
-		MxIndC = MxIndAB;
-	}
-
-	/* set LHSV c info */
-
-	c->exponent = a->exponent;	/* set exponent */
-	if(!AddExponent(c,b->exponent)) return 0;
-	VpSetSign(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));	/* set sign  */
-	Carry = 0;
-	nc = ind_c = MxIndAB;
-	for(i = 0; i <= nc; i++) c->frac[i] = 0;		/* Initialize c  */
-	c->Prec = nc + 1;		/* set precision */
-	for(nc = 0; nc < MxIndAB; ++nc, --ind_c) {
-		if(nc < MxIndB) {	/* The left triangle of the Fig. */
-			ind_as = MxIndA - nc;
-			ind_ae = MxIndA;
-			ind_bs = MxIndB;
-			ind_be = MxIndB - nc;
-		} else if(nc <= MxIndA) {	/* The middle rectangular of the Fig. */
-			ind_as = MxIndA - nc;
-			ind_ae = MxIndA -(nc - MxIndB);
-			ind_bs = MxIndB;
-			ind_be = 0;
-		} else if(nc > MxIndA) {	/*  The right triangle of the Fig. */
-			ind_as = 0;
-			ind_ae = MxIndAB - nc - 1;
-			ind_bs = MxIndB -(nc - MxIndA);
-			ind_be = 0;
-		}
-
-		s = 0L;
-		for(i = ind_as; i <= ind_ae; ++i) s +=((a->frac[i]) *(b->frac[ind_bs--]));
-		Carry = s / BASE;
-		s = s -(Carry * BASE);
-
-		c->frac[ind_c] += s;
-		if(c->frac[ind_c] >= BASE) {
-			s = c->frac[ind_c] / BASE;
-			Carry += s;
-			c->frac[ind_c] -=(s * BASE);
-		}
-		i = ind_c;
-		if(Carry) {
-			while((--i) >= 0) {
-				c->frac[i] += Carry;
-				if(c->frac[i] >= BASE) {
-					Carry = c->frac[i] / BASE;
-					c->frac[i] -=(Carry * BASE);
-				} else {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	VpNmlz(c);			/* normalize the result */
-	if(w != NULL) {		/* free work variable */
-		VpAsgn(w, c, 2);
-		VpFree(c);
-		c = w;
-	}
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpMult(c=a*b): c=% \n", c);
-		VPrint(stdout, "      a=% \n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "      b=% \n", b);
-	}
-#endif /*_DEBUG */
-	return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpDivd(Real *c,Real *r,Real *a,Real *b)
-#else
-VpDivd(c, r, a, b)
-	Real *c;
-	Real *r;
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *   c = a / b,  remainder = r 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG word_a, word_b, word_c, word_r;
-	U_LONG register i, n, ind_a, ind_b, ind_c, ind_r;
-	U_LONG register nLoop;
-	U_LONG q, b1, b1p1, b1b2, b1b2p1, r1r2;
-	U_LONG borrow, borrow1, borrow2, qb;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, " VpDivd(c=a/b)  a=% \n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "    b=% \n", b);
-	}
-#endif /*_DEBUG */
-
-	VpSetNaN(r);
-	if(!VpIsDefOP(c,a,b,4)) goto Exit;
-	if(VpIsZero(a)&&VpIsZero(b)) {
-		VpSetNaN(c);
-		return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_NaN,"(VpDivd) 0/0 not defined(NaN)",0);
-	}
-	if(VpIsZero(b)) {
-		VpSetInf(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE,"(VpDivd) Divide by zero",0);
-	}
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-		/* numerator a is zero  */
-		VpSetZero(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		VpSetZero(r,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if((b->Prec == 1) &&(b->frac[0] == 1) &&(b->exponent == 1)) {
-		/* divide by one  */
-		VpAsgn(c, a, VpGetSign(b));
-		VpSetZero(r,VpGetSign(a));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	word_a = a->Prec;
-	word_b = b->Prec;
-	word_c = c->MaxPrec;
-	word_r = r->MaxPrec;
-
-	ind_c = 0;
-	ind_r = 1;
-
-	if(word_a >= word_r) goto space_error;
-
-	r->frac[0] = 0;
-	while(ind_r <= word_a) {
-		r->frac[ind_r] = a->frac[ind_r - 1];
-		++ind_r;
-	}
-
-	while(ind_r < word_r) r->frac[ind_r++] = 0;
-	while(ind_c < word_c) c->frac[ind_c++] = 0;
-
-	/* initial procedure */
-	b1 = b1p1 = b->frac[0];
-	if(b->Prec <= 1) {
-		b1b2p1 = b1b2 = b1p1 * BASE;
-	} else {
-		b1p1 = b1 + 1;
-		b1b2p1 = b1b2 = b1 * BASE + b->frac[1];
-		if(b->Prec > 2) ++b1b2p1;
-	}
-
-	/* */
-	/* loop start */
-	ind_c = word_r - 1;
-	nLoop = Min(word_c,ind_c);
-	ind_c = 1;
-	while(ind_c < nLoop) {
-		if(r->frac[ind_c] == 0) {
-			++ind_c;
-			continue;
-		}
-		r1r2 = r->frac[ind_c] * BASE + r->frac[ind_c + 1];
-		if(r1r2 == b1b2) {
-			/* The first two word digits is the same */
-			ind_b = 2;
-			ind_a = ind_c + 2;
-			while(ind_b < word_b) {
-				if(r->frac[ind_a] < b->frac[ind_b]) goto div_b1p1;
-				if(r->frac[ind_a] > b->frac[ind_b]) break;
-				++ind_a;
-				++ind_b;
-			}
-			/* The first few word digits of r and b is the same and */
-			/* the first different word digit of w is greater than that */
-			/* of b, so quotinet is 1 and just subtract b from r. */
-			borrow = 0;		/* quotient=1, then just r-b */
-			ind_b = b->Prec - 1;
-			ind_r = ind_c + ind_b;
-			if(ind_r >= word_r) goto space_error;
-			n = ind_b;
-			for(i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {	
-				if(r->frac[ind_r] < b->frac[ind_b] + borrow) {
-					r->frac[ind_r] +=(BASE -(b->frac[ind_b] + borrow));
-					borrow = 1;
-				} else {
-					r->frac[ind_r] = r->frac[ind_r] - b->frac[ind_b] - borrow;
-					borrow = 0;
-				}
-				--ind_r;
-				--ind_b;
-			}
-			++(c->frac[ind_c]);
-			goto carry;
-		}
-		/* The first two word digits is not the same, */
-		/* then compare magnitude, and divide actually. */
-		if(r1r2 >= b1b2p1) {
-			q = r1r2 / b1b2p1;
-			c->frac[ind_c] += q;
-			ind_r = b->Prec + ind_c - 1;
-			goto sub_mult;
-		}
-
-div_b1p1:
-		if(ind_c + 1 >= word_c) goto out_side;
-		q = r1r2 / b1p1;
-		c->frac[ind_c + 1] += q;
-		ind_r = b->Prec + ind_c;
-
-sub_mult:
-		borrow1 = borrow2 = 0;
-		ind_b = word_b - 1;
-		if(ind_r >= word_r) goto space_error;
-		n = ind_b;
-		for(i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {
-			/* now, perform r = r - q * b */
-			qb = q *(b->frac[ind_b]);
-			if(qb < BASE) borrow1 = 0;
-			else { 
-				borrow1 = qb / BASE;
-				qb = qb - borrow1 * BASE;
-			}
-			if(r->frac[ind_r] < qb) {
-				r->frac[ind_r] +=(BASE - qb);
-				borrow2 = borrow2 + borrow1 + 1;
-			} else {
-				r->frac[ind_r] -= qb;
-				borrow2 += borrow1;
-			}
-			if(borrow2) {
-				if(r->frac[ind_r - 1] < borrow2) {
-					r->frac[ind_r - 1] +=(BASE - borrow2);
-					borrow2 = 1;
-				} else {
-					r->frac[ind_r - 1] -= borrow2;
-					borrow2 = 0;
-				}
-			}
-			--ind_r;
-			--ind_b;
-		}
-
-		r->frac[ind_r] -= borrow2;
-carry:
-		ind_r = ind_c;
-		while(c->frac[ind_r] >= BASE) {
-			c->frac[ind_r] -= BASE;
-			--ind_r;
-			++(c->frac[ind_r]);
-		}
-	}
-	/* End of operation, now final arrangement */
-out_side:
-	c->Prec = word_c;
-	c->exponent = a->exponent;
-	if(!AddExponent(c,(S_LONG)2))   return 0;
-	if(!AddExponent(c,-(b->exponent))) return 0;
-	
-	VpSetSign(c,VpGetSign(a)*VpGetSign(b));
-	VpNmlz(c);			/* normalize c */
-	r->Prec = word_r;
-	r->exponent = a->exponent;
-	if(!AddExponent(r,(S_LONG)1)) return 0;
-	VpSetSign(r,VpGetSign(a));
-	VpNmlz(r);			/* normalize r(remainder) */
-	goto Exit;
-
-space_error:
-	rb_fatal("ERROR(VpDivd): space for remainder too small.\n");
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		printf("   word_a=%d\n", word_a);
-		printf("   word_b=%d\n", word_b);
-		printf("   word_c=%d\n", word_c);
-		printf("   word_r=%d\n", word_r);
-		printf("   ind_r =%d\n", ind_r);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, " VpDivd(c=a/b), c=% \n", c);
-		VPrint(stdout, "    r=% \n", r);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return c->Prec*BASE_FIG;
-}
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNmlz(Real *a)
-#else
-VpNmlz(a)
-	Real *a;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *  Input  a = 00000xxxxxxxx En(5 preceeding zeros) 
- *  Output a = xxxxxxxx En-5 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG register ind_a, i, j;
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-		VpSetZero(a,VpGetSign(a));
-		return 1;
-	}
-	ind_a = a->Prec;
-	while(ind_a--) {
-		if(a->frac[ind_a]) {
-			a->Prec = ind_a + 1;
-			i = j = 0;
-			while(a->frac[i] == 0) ++i;		/* skip the first few zeros */
-			if(i) {
-				a->Prec -= i;
-				if(!AddExponent(a,-((S_INT)i))) return 0;
-				while(i <= ind_a) {
-					a->frac[j] = a->frac[i];
-					++i;
-					++j;
-				}
-			}
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-			if(gfCheckVal)	VpVarCheck(a);
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	/* a is zero(no non-zero digit) */
-	VpSetZero(a,VpGetSign(a));
-	return 1;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpComp(Real *a,Real *b)
-#else
-VpComp(a, b)
-	Real *a;
-	Real *b;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- *  VpComp = 0  ... if a=b, 
- *   Pos  ... a>b, 
- *   Neg  ... a<b. 
- *   999  ... result undefined(NaN) 
- */
-{
-	int val;
-	U_LONG mx, ind;
-	int e;
-	val = 0;
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)||VpIsNaN(b)) return 999;
-	if(!VpIsDef(a)) {
-		if(!VpIsDef(b)) e = a->sign - b->sign;
-		else 			e = a->sign;
-		if(e>0)   return  1;
-		else if(e<0) return -1;
-		else   return  0;
-	}
-	if(!VpIsDef(b)) {
-		e = -b->sign;
-		if(e>0) return  1;
-		else return -1;
-	}
-	/* Zero check */
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-		if(VpIsZero(b))      return 0; /* both zero */
-		val = -VpGetSign(b);
-		goto Exit;
-	} 
-	if(VpIsZero(b)) {
-		val = VpGetSign(a);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	/* compare sign */
-	if(VpGetSign(a) > VpGetSign(b)) {
-		val = 1;		/* a>b */
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if(VpGetSign(a) < VpGetSign(b)) {
-		val = -1;		/* a<b */
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	/* a and b have same sign, && signe!=0,then compare exponent */
-	if((a->exponent) >(b->exponent)) {
-		val = VpGetSign(a);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if((a->exponent) <(b->exponent)) {
-		val = -VpGetSign(b);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	/* a and b have same exponent, then compare significand. */
-	mx =((a->Prec) <(b->Prec)) ?(a->Prec) :(b->Prec);
-	ind = 0;
-	while(ind < mx) {
-		if((a->frac[ind]) >(b->frac[ind])) {
-			val = VpGetSign(a);
-		 goto Exit;
-		}
-		if((a->frac[ind]) <(b->frac[ind])) {
-			val = -VpGetSign(b);
-			goto Exit;
-		}
-		++ind;
-	}
-	if((a->Prec) >(b->Prec)) {
-		val = VpGetSign(a);
-	} else if((a->Prec) <(b->Prec)) {
-		val = -VpGetSign(b);
-	}
-
-Exit:
-	if  (val> 1) val =  1;
-	else if(val<-1) val = -1;
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, " VpComp a=%\n", a);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  b=%\n", b);
-		printf("  ans=%d\n", val);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return (int)val;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VPrint(FILE *fp,char *cntl_chr,Real *a)
-#else
-VPrint(fp, cntl_chr, a)
-	FILE *fp;
-	char *cntl_chr;
-	Real *a;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- *    cntl_chr ... ASCIIZ Character, print control characters 
- *     Available control codes: 
- *      %  ... VP variable. To print '%', use '%%'. 
- *      \n ... new line 
- *      \b ... backspace 
- *      \t ... tab 
- *     Note: % must must not appear more than once 
- *    a  ... VP variable to be printed 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG i, j, nc, nd, ZeroSup;
-	U_LONG n, m, e, nn;
-
-	/* Check if NaN & Inf. */
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) {
-		fprintf(fp,"NaN");
-		return 8;
-	}
-	if(VpIsPosInf(a)) {
-		fprintf(fp,"Infinity");
-		return 8;
-	}
-	if(VpIsNegInf(a)) {
-		fprintf(fp,"-Infinity");
-		return 9;
-	}
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) {
-		fprintf(fp,"0.0");
-		return 3;
-	}
-
-	j = 0;
-	nd = nc = 0;		/*  nd : number of digits in fraction part(every 10 digits, */
-	/*    nd<=10). */
-	/*  nc : number of caracters printed  */
-	ZeroSup = 1;		/* Flag not to print the leading zeros as 0.00xxxxEnn */
-	while(*(cntl_chr + j)) {
-		if((*(cntl_chr + j) == '%') &&(*(cntl_chr + j + 1) != '%')) {
-		 nc = 0;
-		 if(!VpIsZero(a)) {
-				if(VpGetSign(a) < 0) {
-					fprintf(fp, "-");
-					++nc;
-				}
-				nc += fprintf(fp, "0.");
-				n = a->Prec;
-				for(i=0;i < n;++i) {
-				 m = BASE1;
-					e = a->frac[i];
-					while(m) {
-						nn = e / m;
-						if((!ZeroSup) || nn) {
-							nc += fprintf(fp, "%u", nn);	/* The reading zero(s) */
-							/* as 0.00xx will not */
-							/* be printed. */
-							++nd;
-							ZeroSup = 0;	/* Set to print succeeding zeros */
-						}
-						if(nd >= 10) {	/* print ' ' after every 10 digits */
-							nd = 0;
-							nc += fprintf(fp, " ");
-						}
-						e = e - nn * m;
-						m /= 10;
-					}
-				}
-				nc += fprintf(fp, "E%d", VpExponent10(a));
-			} else {
-				nc += fprintf(fp, "0.0");
-			}
-		} else {
-			++nc;
-			if(*(cntl_chr + j) == '\\') {
-				switch(*(cntl_chr + j + 1)) {
-				case 'n':
-					fprintf(fp, "\n");
-					++j;
-					break;
-				case 't':
-					fprintf(fp, "\t");
-					++j;
-				 break;
-				case 'b':
-					fprintf(fp, "\n");
-					++j;
-					break;
-				default:
-					fprintf(fp, "%c", *(cntl_chr + j));
-					break;
-				}
-			} else {
-				fprintf(fp, "%c", *(cntl_chr + j));
-				if(*(cntl_chr + j) == '%') ++j;
-			}
-		}
-		j++;
-	}
-	return (int)nc;
-}
-
-static void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFormatSt(char *psz,S_INT fFmt)
-#else
-VpFormatSt(psz, fFmt)
-	char *psz;
-	S_INT fFmt;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	U_LONG ie;
-	U_LONG i, j;
-	S_INT nf;
-	char ch;
-	int fDot = 0;
-
-	ie = strlen(psz);
-	for(i = 0; i < ie; ++i) {
-		ch = psz[i];
-		if(!ch) break;
-		if(ch == '.') {
-			nf = 0;
-			fDot = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if(!fDot)  continue;
-		if(ch == 'E') break;
-		nf++;
-		if(nf > fFmt) {
-			for(j = ie; j >= i; --j)
-			psz[j + 1] = psz[j];
-			++ie;
-			nf = 0;
-			psz[i] = ' ';
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExponent10(Real *a)
-#else
-VpExponent10(a)
-	Real *a;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	S_LONG ex;
-	U_LONG n;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(a)) return 0;
-	if(VpIsZero(a)) return 0;
-	
-	ex =(a->exponent) * BASE_FIG;
-	n = BASE1;
-	while((a->frac[0] / n) == 0) {
-		 --ex;
-		 n /= 10;
-	}
-	return ex;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSzMantissa(Real *a,char *psz)
-#else
-VpSzMantissa(a,psz)
-	Real *a;
-	char *psz;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	U_LONG i, ZeroSup;
-	U_LONG n, m, e, nn;
-
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"NaN");
-		return;
-	}
-	if(VpIsPosInf(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"Infinity");
-		return;
-	}
-	if(VpIsNegInf(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"-Infinity");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	ZeroSup = 1;		/* Flag not to print the leading zeros as 0.00xxxxEnn */
-	if(!VpIsZero(a)) {
-		if(VpGetSign(a) < 0) *psz++ = '-';
-		n = a->Prec;
-		for(i=0;i < n;++i) {
-			m = BASE1;
-			e = a->frac[i];
-			while(m) {
-				nn = e / m;
-				if((!ZeroSup) || nn) {
-					sprintf(psz, "%u", nn);	/* The reading zero(s) */
-					psz += strlen(psz);
-					/* as 0.00xx will be ignored. */
-					ZeroSup = 0;	/* Set to print succeeding zeros */
-				}
-				e = e - nn * m;
-				m /= 10;
-			}
-		}
-		*psz = 0;
-	} else {
-		if(VpIsPosZero(a)) sprintf(psz, "0");
-		else      sprintf(psz, "-0");
-	}
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpToString(Real *a,char *psz,int fFmt)
-#else
-VpToString(a, psz, fFmt)
-	Real *a;
-	char *psz;
-	int fFmt;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	U_LONG i, ZeroSup;
-	U_LONG n, m, e, nn;
-	char *pszSav = psz;
-	S_LONG ex;
-
-	if(VpIsNaN(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"NaN");
-		return;
-	}
-	if(VpIsPosInf(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"Infinity");
-		return;
-	}
-	if(VpIsNegInf(a)) {
-		sprintf(psz,"-Infinity");
-		return;
-	}
-
-	ZeroSup = 1;	/* Flag not to print the leading zeros as 0.00xxxxEnn */
-	if(!VpIsZero(a)) {
-		if(VpGetSign(a) < 0) *psz++ = '-';
-		*psz++ = '0';
-		*psz++ = '.';
-		n = a->Prec;
-		for(i=0;i < n;++i) {
-			m = BASE1;
-			e = a->frac[i];
-			while(m) {
-				nn = e / m;
-				if((!ZeroSup) || nn) {
-					sprintf(psz, "%u", nn);	/* The reading zero(s) */
-					psz += strlen(psz);
-					/* as 0.00xx will be ignored. */
-					ZeroSup = 0;	/* Set to print succeeding zeros */
-				}
-				e = e - nn * m;
-				m /= 10;
-			}
-		}
-		ex =(a->exponent) * BASE_FIG;
-		n = BASE1;
-		while((a->frac[0] / n) == 0) {
-			--ex;
-			n /= 10;
-		}
-		sprintf(psz, "E%d", ex);
-	} else {
-		if(VpIsPosZero(a)) sprintf(psz, "0.0");
-		else      sprintf(psz, "-0.0");
-	}
-	if(fFmt) VpFormatSt(pszSav, fFmt);
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpCtoV(Real *a,char *int_chr,U_LONG ni,char *frac,U_LONG nf,char *exp_chr,U_LONG ne)
-#else
-VpCtoV(a, int_chr, ni, frac, nf, exp_chr, ne)
-	Real *a;
-	char *int_chr;
-	U_LONG ni;
-	char *frac;
-	U_LONG nf;
-	char *exp_chr;
-	U_LONG ne;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- *  [Output] 
- *   a[]  ... variable to be assigned the value. 
- *  [Input] 
- *   int_chr[]  ... integer part(may include '+/-'). 
- *   ni   ... number of characters in int_chr[],not including '+/-'. 
- *   frac[]  ... fraction part. 
- *   nf   ... number of characters in frac[]. 
- *   exp_chr[]  ... exponent part(including '+/-'). 
- *   ne   ... number of characters in exp_chr[],not including '+/-'. 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG i, j, ind_a, ma, mi, me;
-	U_LONG loc;
-	S_INT  e,es, eb, ef;
-	S_INT  sign, signe;
-	/* get exponent part */
-	e = 0;
-	ma = a->MaxPrec;
-	mi = ni;
-	me = ne;
-	signe = 1;
-	for(i=0;i < ma;++i) a->frac[i] = 0;
-	if(ne > 0) {
-		i = 0;
-		if(exp_chr[0] == '-') {
-			signe = -1;
-			++i;
-			++me;
-		} else if(exp_chr[0] == '+') {
-			++i;
-			++me;
-		}	
-		while(i < me) {
-			es = e*BASE_FIG;
-			e = e * 10 + exp_chr[i] - '0';
-			if(es>e*((S_INT)BASE_FIG)) {
-				return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY,"Exponent overflow",0);
-			}
-			++i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* get integer part */
-	i = 0;
-	sign = 1;
-	if(ni > 0) {
-		if(int_chr[0] == '-') {
-			sign = -1;
-			++i;
-			++mi;
-		} else if(int_chr[0] == '+') {
-			++i;
-			++mi;
-		}
-	}
-
-	e = signe * e;		/* e: The value of exponent part. */
-	e = e + ni;		/* set actual exponent size. */
-
-	if(e > 0)	signe = 1;
-	else		signe = -1;
-
-	/* Adjust the exponent so that it is the multiple of BASE_FIG. */
-	j = 0;
-	ef = 1;
-	while(ef) {
-		if(e>=0) eb =  e;
-		else  eb = -e;
-		ef = eb / BASE_FIG;
-		ef = eb - ef * BASE_FIG;
-		if(ef) {
-			++j;		/* Means to add one more preceeding zero */
-			++e;
-		}
-	}
-
-	eb = e / BASE_FIG;
-
-	ind_a = 0;
-	while(i < mi) {
-		a->frac[ind_a] = 0;
-		while((j < (U_LONG)BASE_FIG) &&(i < mi)) {
-			a->frac[ind_a] = a->frac[ind_a] * 10 + int_chr[i] - '0';
-			++j;
-			++i;
-		}
-		if(i < mi) {
-			++ind_a;
-			if(ind_a >= ma) goto over_flow;
-			j = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	loc = 1;
-
-	/* get fraction part */
-
-	i = 0;
-	while(i < nf) {
-		while((j < (U_LONG)BASE_FIG) &&(i < nf)) {
-			a->frac[ind_a] = a->frac[ind_a] * 10 + frac[i] - '0';
-			++j;
-			++i;
-		}
-		if(i < nf) {
-			++ind_a;
-			if(ind_a >= ma) goto over_flow;
-			j = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	goto Final;
-
-over_flow:
-	rb_warn("Conversion from String to BigFloat overflow (last few digits discarded).");
-
-Final:
-	if(ind_a >= ma) ind_a = ma - 1;
-	while(j < (U_LONG)BASE_FIG) {
-		a->frac[ind_a] = a->frac[ind_a] * 10;
-		++j;
-	}
-	a->Prec = ind_a + 1;
-	a->exponent = eb;
-	VpSetSign(a,sign);
-	VpNmlz(a);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpVtoD(double *d,U_LONG *e,Real *m)
-#else
-VpVtoD(d, e, m)
-	double *d;
-	U_LONG *e;
-	Real *m;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * [Input] 
- *   *m  ... Real 
- * [Output] 
- *   *d  ... fraction part of m(d = 0.xxxxxxx). where # of 'x's is fig. 
- *   *e  ... U_LONG,exponent of m. 
- * DBLE_FIG ... Number of digits in a double variable. 
- *
- *  m -> d*10**e, 0<d<BASE 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG ind_m, mm, fig;
-	double div;
-
-	fig =(DBLE_FIG + BASE_FIG - 1) / BASE_FIG;
-	if(VpIsPosZero(m)) {
-		*d = 0.0;
-		*e = 0;
-		goto Exit;
-	} else
-	if(VpIsNegZero(m)) {
-		*d = VpGetDoubleNegZero();
-		*e = 0;
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	ind_m = 0;
-	mm = Min(fig,(m->Prec));
-	*d = 0.0;
-	div = 1.;
-	while(ind_m < mm) {
-		div /=(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-		*d = *d +((double) ((S_INT)m->frac[ind_m++])) * div;
-	}
-	*e = m->exponent * BASE_FIG;
-	*d *= VpGetSign(m);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, " VpVtoD: m=%\n", m);
-		printf("   d=%e * 10 **%d\n", *d, *e);
-		printf("   DBLE_FIG = %d\n", DBLE_FIG);
-	}
-#endif /*_DEBUG */
-	return;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpDtoV(Real *m,double d)
-#else
-VpDtoV(m, d)
-	Real *m;
-	double d;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * m <- d 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG i, ind_m, mm;
-	U_LONG ne;
-	double  val, val2;
-
-	if(isnan(d)) {
-		VpSetNaN(m);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if(isinf(d)) {
-		if(d>0.0) VpSetPosInf(m);
-		else   VpSetNegInf(m);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if(d == 0.0) {
-		VpSetZero(m,1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	val =(d > 0.) ? d :(-d);
-	ne = 0;
-	if(val >= 1.0) {
-		while(val >= 1.0) {
-			val /=(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-			++ne;
-		}
-	} else {
-		val2 = 1.0 /(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-		while(val < val2) {
-			val *=(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-			--ne;
-		}
-	}
-	/* Now val = 0.xxxxx*BASE**ne */
-
-	mm = m->MaxPrec;
-	for(ind_m = 0;ind_m < mm;ind_m++) m->frac[ind_m] = 0;
-	for(ind_m = 0;val > 0.0 && ind_m < mm;ind_m++) {
-		val *=(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-		i =(U_LONG) val;
-		val -=(double)((S_INT)i);
-		m->frac[ind_m] = i;
-	}
-	if(ind_m >= mm) ind_m = mm - 1;
-	if(d > 0.0) {
-		VpSetSign(m, (S_INT)1);
-	} else {
-		VpSetSign(m,-(S_INT)1);
-	}
-	m->Prec = ind_m + 1;
-	m->exponent = ne;
-	if(val*((double)((S_INT)BASE)) >=(double)((S_INT)HALF_BASE)) VpRdup(m);
-	VpNmlz(m);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		printf("VpDtoV d=%30.30e\n", d);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  m=%\n", m);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpItoV(Real *m,S_INT ival)
-#else
-VpItoV(m, ival)
-	Real  *m;
-	S_INT ival;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *  m <- ival 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG mm, ind_m;
-	U_LONG val, v1, v2, v;
-	int isign;
-	S_INT ne;
-
-	if(ival == 0) {
-		VpSetZero(m,1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	isign = 1;
-	val = ival;
-	if(ival < 0) {
-		isign = -1;
-		val =(U_LONG)(-ival);
-	}
-	ne = 0;
-	ind_m = 0;
-	mm = m->MaxPrec;
-	while(ind_m < mm) {
-		m->frac[ind_m] = 0;
-		++ind_m;
-	}
-	ind_m = 0;
-	while(val > 0) {
-		if(val) {
-		 v1 = val;
-		 v2 = 1;
-			while(v1 >= BASE) {
-				v1 /= BASE;
-				v2 *= BASE;
-			}
-			val = val - v2 * v1;
-			v = v1;
-		} else {
-			v = 0;
-		}
-		m->frac[ind_m] = v;
-		++ind_m;
-		++ne;
-	}
-	m->Prec = ind_m - 1;
-	m->exponent = ne;
-	VpSetSign(m,isign);
-	VpNmlz(m);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		printf(" VpItoV i=%ld\n", ival);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  m=%\n", m);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSqrt(Real *y,Real *x)
-#else
-VpSqrt(y, x)
-	Real *y;
-	Real *x;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * y = SQRT(x),  y*y - x =>0 
- */
-{
-	Real *f = NULL;
-	Real *r = NULL;
-	U_LONG y_prec, f_prec, n, e;
-	S_LONG prec;
-	U_LONG nr;
-	double val;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(x)) {
-		VpAsgn(y,x,1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if(VpIsZero(x)) {
-		VpSetZero(y,VpGetSign(x));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if(VpGetSign(x) < 0) {
-		VpSetZero(y,VpGetSign(x));
-		return VpException(VP_EXCEPTION_OP,"(VpSqrt) SQRT(negative valuw)",0);
-	}
-
-	n = y->MaxPrec;
-	if(x->MaxPrec > n) n = x->MaxPrec;
-	/* allocate temporally variables  */
-	f = VpAlloc(y->MaxPrec *(BASE_FIG + 2), "#1");
-	r = VpAlloc((n + n) *(BASE_FIG + 2), "#1");
-
-	nr = 0;
-	y_prec = y->MaxPrec;
-	f_prec = f->MaxPrec;
-
-	VpAsgn(y, x, 1);		/* assign initial guess. y <= x */
-	prec = x->exponent;
-	if(prec > 0)	++prec;
-	else			--prec;
-	prec = prec / 2 - y->MaxPrec;
-	/*
-	 *  y  = 0.yyyy yyyy yyyy YYYY 
-	 *  BASE_FIG =   |  | 
-	 *  prec  =(0.YYYY*BASE-4)
-	 */
-	VpVtoD(&val, &e, y);	/* val <- y  */
-	e /= BASE_FIG;
-	n = e / 2;
-	if(e - n * 2 != 0) {
-		val /=(double)((S_INT)BASE);
-		n =(e + 1) / 2;
-	}
-	VpDtoV(y, sqrt(val));	/* y <- sqrt(val) */
-	y->exponent += n;
-	n = (DBLE_FIG + BASE_FIG - 1) / BASE_FIG;
-	y->MaxPrec = Min(n , y_prec);
-	f->MaxPrec = y->MaxPrec + 1;
-	n = y_prec*BASE_FIG;
-	if(n<maxnr) n = maxnr;
-	do {
-		y->MaxPrec *= 2;
-		if(y->MaxPrec > y_prec) y->MaxPrec = y_prec;
-		f->MaxPrec = y->MaxPrec;
-		VpDivd(f, r, x, y);	/* f = x/y  */
-		VpAddSub(r, y, f, 1);	/* r = y + x/y  */
-		VpMult(f, VpPt5, r);	/* f = 0.5*r  */
-		VpAddSub(r, f, y, -1);
-		if(VpIsZero(r))		 goto converge;
-		if(r->exponent <= prec) goto converge;
-		VpAsgn(y, f, 1);
-	} while(++nr < n);
-	/* */
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		printf("ERROR(VpSqrt): did not converge within %d iterations.\n",
-			nr);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	y->MaxPrec = y_prec;
-	goto Exit;
-
-converge:
-	VpChangeSign(y,(S_INT)1);
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VpMult(r, y, y);
-		VpAddSub(f, x, r, -1);
-		printf("VpSqrt: iterations = %d\n", nr);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  y =% \n", y);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  x =% \n", x);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  x-y*y = % \n", f);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	y->MaxPrec = y_prec;
-
-Exit:
-	VpFree(f);
-	VpFree(r);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpRound(Real *y,Real *x,int sw,int f,int nf)
-#else
-VpRound(y, x, sw, f, nf)
-	Real *y;
-	Real *x;
-	int  sw; /* sw==2: round up,==1 round off */
-	int  f;  /* 1: round, 2:ceil, 3:floor */
-	int  nf; /* Place to round(Zero base. nf=0 means the result is an integer) */
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *
- * f = 1: round, 2:ceil, 3: floor
- *
- */
-{
-	int n,i,j,ix,ioffset;
-	U_LONG v;
-	U_LONG div;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(x)) {
-		VpAsgn(y,x,1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	/* First,assign whole value */		
-	VpAsgn(y, x, sw);
-	nf += y->exponent*((int)BASE_FIG);
-	/* ix: x->fraq[ix] contains round position */ 
-	ix = (nf + ((int)BASE_FIG))/((int)BASE_FIG)-1;
-	if(ix<0 || ((U_LONG)ix)>=y->Prec) goto Exit; /* Unable to round */
-	ioffset = nf - ix*((int)BASE_FIG);
-	for(j=ix+1;j<(int)y->Prec;++j) y->frac[j] = 0;
-	VpNmlz(y);
-	v = y->frac[ix];
-	/* drop digits after pointed digit */
-	n = BASE_FIG - ioffset - 1;
-	for(i=0;i<n;++i) v /= 10;
-	div = v/10;
-	v = v - div*10;
-	switch(f){
-	case 1: /* Round */
-		if(sw==2 && v>=5) {
-			++div;
-		}
-		break;
-	case 2: /* ceil */
-		if(v) {
-			if(VpGetSign(x)>0) ++div;
-		}
-		break;
-	case 3: /* floor */
-		if(v) {
-			if(VpGetSign(x)<0) ++div;
-		}
-		break;
-	}
-	for(i=0;i<=n;++i) div *= 10;
-	if(div>=BASE) {
-		y->frac[ix] = 0;
-		if(ix) {
-			VpNmlz(y);
-			VpRdup(y);
-		} else {
-			VpSetOne(y);
-			VpSetSign(y,VpGetSign(x));
-		}
-	} else {
-		y->frac[ix] = div;
-		VpNmlz(y);
-	}
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpRound y=%\n", y);
-		VPrint(stdout, "  x=%\n", x);
-	}
-#endif /*_DEBUG */
-	return;
-}
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpRdup(Real *m)
-#else
-VpRdup(m)
-	Real *m;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *  Rounds up m(plus one to final digit of m). 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG ind_m, carry;
-	ind_m = m->Prec;
-	carry = 1;
-	while(carry > 0 && ind_m) {
-		--ind_m;
-		m->frac[ind_m] += carry;
-		if(m->frac[ind_m] >= BASE) m->frac[ind_m] -= BASE;
-		else					   carry = 0;
-	}
-	if(carry > 0) {		/* Overflow,count exponent and set fraction part be 1  */
-		if(!AddExponent(m,(S_LONG)1)) return 0;
-		m->Prec = m->frac[0] = 1;
-	} else {
-		VpNmlz(m);
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFrac(Real *y,Real *x)
-#else
-VpFrac(y, x)
-	Real *y;
-	Real *x;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- *  y = x - fix(x) 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG my, ind_y, ind_x;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(x) || VpIsZero(x)) {
-		VpAsgn(y,x,1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if(x->exponent > 0 && (U_LONG)x->exponent >= x->Prec) {
-		VpSetZero(y,VpGetSign(x));
-		goto Exit;
-	} else if(x->exponent <= 0) {
-		VpAsgn(y, x, 1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	y->Prec = x->Prec -(U_LONG) x->exponent;
-	y->Prec = Min(y->Prec, y->MaxPrec);
-	y->exponent = 0;
-	VpSetSign(y,VpGetSign(x));
-	ind_y = 0;
-	my = y->Prec;
-	ind_x = x->exponent;
-	while(ind_y <= my) {
-		y->frac[ind_y] = x->frac[ind_x];
-		++ind_y;
-		++ind_x;
-	}
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpFrac y=%\n", y);
-		VPrint(stdout, "    x=%\n", x);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	return;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpPower(Real *y,Real *x,S_INT n)
-#else
-VpPower(y, x, n)
-	Real *y;
-	Real *x;
-	S_INT n;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- *   y = x ** n
- */
-{
-	U_LONG s, ss;
-	S_LONG sign;
-	Real *w1 = NULL;
-	Real *w2 = NULL;
-
-	if(VpIsZero(x)) {
-		if(n<0) n = -n;
-		VpSetZero(y,(n%2)?VpGetSign(x):(-VpGetSign(x)));
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if(!VpIsDef(x)) {
-		VpSetNaN(y); /* Not sure !!! */
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if((x->exponent == 1) &&(x->Prec == 1) &&(x->frac[0] == 1)) {
-		/* abs(x) = 1 */
-		VpSetOne(y);
-		if(VpGetSign(x) > 0) goto Exit;
-		if((n % 2) == 0) goto Exit;
-		VpSetSign(y,-(S_INT)1);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	if(n > 0) sign = 1;
-	else if(n < 0) {
-		sign = -1;
-		n = -n;
-	} else {
-		VpSetOne(y);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	/* Allocate working variables  */
-
-	w1 = VpAlloc((x->Prec + 2) * BASE_FIG, "#0");
-	w2 = VpAlloc((w1->MaxPrec * 2 + 1) * BASE_FIG, "#0");
-	/* calculation start */
-
-	VpAsgn(y, x, 1);
-	--n;
-	while(n > 0) {
-		VpAsgn(w1, x, 1);
-		s = 1;
-loop1:		ss = s;
-		s += s;
-		if(s >(U_LONG) n) goto out_loop1;
-		VpMult(w2, w1, w1);
-		VpAsgn(w1, w2, 1);
-		goto loop1;
-out_loop1:
-		n -= ss;
-		VpMult(w2, y, w1);
-		VpAsgn(y, w2, 1);
-	}
-	if(sign < 0) {
-		VpDivd(w1, w2, VpConstOne, y);
-		VpAsgn(y, w1, 1);
-	}
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpPower y=%\n", y);
-		VPrint(stdout, "VpPower x=%\n", x);
-		printf("  n=%d\n", n);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	VpFree(w2);
-	VpFree(w1);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpPai(Real *y)
-#else
-VpPai(y)
-	Real *y;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/* 
- * Calculates pai(=3.141592653589793238462........). 
- */
-{
-	Real *n, *n25, *n956, *n57121;
-	Real *r, *f, *t;
-	U_LONG p;
-	U_LONG nc;
-	U_LONG i1,i2;
-
-	p = y->MaxPrec *(BASE_FIG + 2) + 2;
-	if(p<maxnr) nc = maxnr;
-	else  nc = p;
-
-	/* allocate temporally variables  */
-	r = VpAlloc(p * 2, "#0");
-	f = VpAlloc(p, "#0");
-	t = VpAlloc(p, "#-80");
-
-	n = VpAlloc((U_LONG)10, "1");
-	n25 = VpAlloc((U_LONG)2, "-0.04"); /*-25");*/
-	n956 = VpAlloc((U_LONG)3, "956");
-	n57121 = VpAlloc((U_LONG)5, "-57121");
-
-	VpSetZero(y,1);		/* y   = 0 */
-	i1 = 0;
-	do {
-		++i1;
-		/* VpDivd(f, r, t, n25); */ /* f = t/(-25) */
-		VpMult(f,t,n25);
-		VpAsgn(t, f, 1);	   /* t = f    */
-
-		VpDivd(f, r, t, n); /* f = t/n  */ 
-		
-		VpAddSub(r, y, f, 1);  /* r = y + f   */
-		VpAsgn(y, r, 1);	   /* y = r    */
-
-		VpRdup(n);		    /* n   = n + 1 */
-		VpRdup(n);		    /* n   = n + 1 */
-		if(VpIsZero(f)) break;
-	} while((f->exponent > 0 ||	((U_LONG)(-(f->exponent)) < y->MaxPrec)) && 
-			i1<nc
-	);
-
-	VpSetOne(n);
-	VpAsgn(t, n956,1);
-	i2 = 0;
-	do {
-		++i2;
-		VpDivd(f, r, t, n57121); /* f = t/(-57121) */
-		VpAsgn(t, f, 1);	  /* t = f    */
-
-		VpDivd(f, r, t, n);   /* f = t/n  */
-		VpAddSub(r, y, f, 1); /* r = y + f   */
-
-		VpAsgn(y, r, 1);	  /* y = r    */
-		VpRdup(n);		   /* n   = n + 1  */
-		VpRdup(n);		   /* n   = n + 1 */
-		if(VpIsZero(f)) break;
-	} while((f->exponent > 0 || ((U_LONG)(-(f->exponent)) < y->MaxPrec)) &&
-			i2<nc
-		);
-
-	VpFree(n);
-	VpFree(n25);
-	VpFree(n956);
-	VpFree(n57121);
-
-	VpFree(t);
-	VpFree(f);
-	VpFree(r);
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	printf("VpPai: # of iterations=%d+%d\n",i1,i2);
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExp1(Real *y)
-#else
-VpExp1(y)
-	Real *y;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Calculates the value of e(=2.18281828459........). 
- * [Output] *y ... Real , the value of e. 
- * 
- *     y = e 
- */
-{
-	Real *n, *r, *f, *add;
-	U_LONG p;
-	U_LONG nc;
-	U_LONG i;
-
-	p = y->MaxPrec*(BASE_FIG + 2) + 2;
-	if(p<maxnr) nc = maxnr;
-	else  nc = p;
-
-	/* allocate temporally variables  */
-
-	r = VpAlloc(p *(BASE_FIG + 2), "#0");
-	f = VpAlloc(p, "#1");
-	n = VpAlloc(p, "#1");	/* n   = 1 */
-	add = VpAlloc(p, "#1");	/* add = 1 */
-
-	VpSetOne(y);			/* y   = 1 */
-	VpRdup(y);			/* y   = y + 1  */
-	i = 0;
-	do {
-		++i;
-		VpRdup(n);		/* n   = n + 1  */
-		VpDivd(f, r, add, n);	/* f   = add/n(=1/n!)  */
-		VpAsgn(add, f, 1);	/* add = 1/n!  */
-		VpAddSub(r, y, f, 1);
-		VpAsgn(y, r, 1);	/* y = y + 1/n! */
-	} while((f->exponent > 0 || ((U_LONG)(-(f->exponent)) <= y->MaxPrec)) &&
-			i<nc
-		);
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "vpexp e=%\n", y);
-		printf("   r=%d\n", f[3]);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	VpFree(add);
-	VpFree(n);
-	VpFree(f);
-	VpFree(r);
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExp(Real *y,Real *x)
-#else
-VpExp(y, x)
-	Real *y;
-	Real *x;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Calculates y=e**x where e(=2.18281828459........). 
- */
-{
-	Real *z=NULL, *div=NULL, *n=NULL, *r=NULL, *c=NULL;
-	U_LONG p;
-	U_LONG nc;
-	U_LONG i;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(x)) {
-		VpSetNaN(y); /* Not sure */
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	if(VpIsZero(x)) {
-		VpSetOne(y);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-	p = y->MaxPrec;
-	if(p < x->Prec) p = x->Prec;
-	p = p *(BASE_FIG + 2) + 2;
-	if(p<maxnr) nc = maxnr;
-	else  nc = p;
-
-	/* allocate temporally variables  */
-	z = VpAlloc(p, "#1");
-	div = VpAlloc(p, "#1");
-
-	r = VpAlloc(p * 2, "#0");
-	c = VpAlloc(p, "#0");
-	n = VpAlloc(p, "#1");	/* n   = 1 */
-
-	VpSetOne(r);		/* y = 1 */
-	VpAddSub(y, r, x, 1);	/* y = 1 + x/1 */
-	VpAsgn(z, x, 1);	/* z = x/1  */
-
-	i = 0;
-	do {
-		++i;
-		VpRdup(n);		/* n   = n + 1  */
-		VpDivd(div, r, x, n);	/* div = x/n */
-		VpMult(c, z, div);	/* c   = x/(n-1)! * x/n */
-		VpAsgn(z, c, 1);	/* z   = x*n/n! */
-		VpAsgn(r, y, 1);	/* Save previous val. */
-		VpAddSub(div, y, z, 1);	/*  */
-		VpAddSub(c, div, r, -1);	/* y = y(new) - y(prev) */
-		VpAsgn(y, div, 1);	/* y = y(new) */
-	} while(((!VpIsZero(c)) &&(c->exponent >= 0 ||((U_LONG)(-c->exponent)) <= y->MaxPrec)) &&
-			i<nc
-		);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "vpexp e=%\n", y);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	VpFree(div);
-	VpFree(n);
-	VpFree(c);
-	VpFree(r);
-	VpFree(z);
-}
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSinCos(Real *psin,Real *pcos,Real *x)
-#else
-VpSinCos(psin, pcos, x)
-	Real *psin;
-	Real *pcos;
-	Real *x;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-/*
- * Calculates sin(x) & cos(x) 
- *(Assumes psin->MaxPrec==pcos->MaxPrec) 
- */
-{
-	Real *z=NULL, *div=NULL, *n=NULL, *r=NULL, *c=NULL;
-	U_LONG p;
-	int fcos;
-	int fsin;
-	int which;
-	U_LONG nc;
-	U_LONG i;
-
-	if(!VpIsDef(x)) {
-		VpSetNaN(psin);
-		VpSetNaN(pcos);
-		goto Exit;
-	}
-
-	p = pcos->MaxPrec;
-	if(p < x->Prec) p = x->Prec;
-	p = p *(BASE_FIG + 2) + 2;
-	if(p<maxnr) nc = maxnr;
-	else  nc = p;
-
-	/* allocate temporally variables  */
-	z = VpAlloc(p, "#1");
-	div = VpAlloc(p, "#1");
-
-	r = VpAlloc(p * 2, "#0");
-	c = VpAlloc(p , "#0");
-	n = VpAlloc(p, "#1");	/* n   = 1 */
-
-	VpSetOne(pcos);		/* cos = 1 */
-	VpAsgn(psin, x, 1);	/* sin = x/1 */
-	VpAsgn(z, x, 1);		/* z = x/1  */
-	fcos = 1;
-	fsin = 1;
-	which = 1;
-	i = 0;
-	do {
-		++i;
-		VpRdup(n);		/* n   = n + 1  */
-		VpDivd(div, r, x, n);	/* div = x/n */
-		VpMult(c, z, div);	/* c   = x/(n-1)! * x/n */
-		VpAsgn(z, c, 1);	/* z   = x*n/n! */
-		if(which) {
-			/* COS */
-			which = 0;
-			fcos *= -1;
-			VpAsgn(r, pcos, 1);	/* Save previous val. */
-			VpAddSub(div, pcos, z, fcos);	/*  */
-			VpAddSub(c, div, r, -1);	/* cos = cos(new) - cos(prev) */
-			VpAsgn(pcos, div, 1);	/* cos = cos(new) */
-		} else {
-			/* SIN */
-			which = 1;
-			fsin *= -1;
-			VpAsgn(r, psin, 1);	/* Save previous val. */
-			VpAddSub(div, psin, z, fsin);	/*  */
-			VpAddSub(c, div, r, -1);	/* sin = sin(new) - sin(prev) */
-			VpAsgn(psin, div, 1);	/* sin = sin(new) */
-		}
-	} while(((!VpIsZero(c)) &&(c->exponent >= 0 || ((U_LONG)(-c->exponent)) <= pcos->MaxPrec)) &&
-			i<nc
-	);
-
-Exit:
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-	if(gfDebug) {
-		VPrint(stdout, "cos=%\n", pcos);
-		VPrint(stdout, "sin=%\n", psin);
-	}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-	VpFree(div);
-	VpFree(n);
-	VpFree(c);
-	VpFree(r);
-	VpFree(z);
-}
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-int
-VpVarCheck(Real * v)
-/*
- * Checks the validity of the Real variable v. 
- * [Input] 
- *   v ... Real *, variable to be checked. 
- * [Returns] 
- *   0  ... correct v. 
- *   other ... error 
- */
-{
-	U_LONG i;
-
-	if(v->MaxPrec <= 0) {
-		printf("ERROR(VpVarCheck): Illegal Max. Precision(=%u)\n",
-			v->MaxPrec);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if((v->Prec <= 0) ||((v->Prec) >(v->MaxPrec))) {
-		printf("ERROR(VpVarCheck): Illegal Precision(=%u)\n", v->Prec);
-		printf("       Max. Prec.=%u\n", v->MaxPrec);
-		return 2;
-	}
-	for(i = 0; i < v->Prec; ++i) {
-		if((v->frac[i] >= BASE)) {
-			printf("ERROR(VpVarCheck): Illegal fraction\n");
-			printf("       Frac[%d]=%u\n", i, v->frac[i]);
-			printf("       Prec.   =%u\n", v->Prec);
-			printf("       Exp. =%d\n", v->exponent);
-			printf("       BASE =%u\n", BASE);
-			return 3;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-static U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-SkipWhiteChar(char *szVal)
-#else
-SkipWhiteChar(szVal)
-	char *szVal;
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-{
-	char ch;
-	U_LONG i = 0;
-	while(ch = szVal[i++]) {
-		if(IsWhiteChar(ch)) continue;
-		break;
-	}
-	return i - 1;
-}
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.h b/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7a86112c73..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/bigfloat.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,503 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *
- * Ruby BIGFLOAT(Variable Precision) extension library. 
- *
- *  Version 1.1.7(2001/08/27)
- *  Version 1.1.6(2001/03/28)
- *
- * Copyright(C) 1999  by Shigeo Kobayashi(shigeo@tinyforest.gr.jp) 
- *
- * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public 
- * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file 
- * of this BigFloat distribution. 
- *
- */
-
-#ifndef  ____BIG_FLOAT__H____
-#define  ____BIG_FLOAT__H____
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/*
- *   #define VP_EXPORT other than static to let VP_ routines 
- *   be called from outside of this module.
- */
-#define VP_EXPORT static 
-
-#define U_LONG unsigned long
-#define S_LONG long
-#define U_INT  unsigned int
-#define S_INT  int
-
-/* Exception codes */
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_ALL        ((unsigned short)0xFFFF)
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_INFINITY   ((unsigned short)0x0001)
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_NaN        ((unsigned short)0x0002)
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW  ((unsigned short)0x0004)
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW   ((unsigned short)0x0001) /* 0x0008) */
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE ((unsigned short)0x0001) /* 0x0010) */
-/* Following 2 exceptions cann't controlled by user */
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_OP         ((unsigned short)0x0020)
-#define VP_EXCEPTION_MEMORY     ((unsigned short)0x0040)
-
-#define VP_SIGN_NaN                0 /* NaN                      */
-#define VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO      1 /* Positive zero            */
-#define VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO     -1 /* Negative zero            */
-#define VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE    2 /* Positive finite number   */
-#define VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE   -2 /* Negative finite number   */
-#define VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE  3 /* Positive infinite number */
-#define VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE -3 /* Negative infinite number */
-
-/*
- * VP representation
- *  r = 0.xxxxxxxxx *BASE**exponent
- */
-typedef struct {
-	VALUE  obj;     /* Back pointer(VALUE) for Ruby object.     */
-	U_LONG MaxPrec;	/* Maximum precision size                   */
-					/* This is the actual size of pfrac[]       */
-					/*(frac[0] to frac[MaxPrec] are available). */
-	U_LONG Prec;	/* Current precision size.                  */
-					/* This indicates how much the.             */
-					/* the array frac[] is actually used.       */
-	S_INT  exponent;/* Exponent part.                           */
-	short  sign;	/* Attributes of the value.                 */
-					/*
-					 *		==0 : NaN
-					 *		  1 : Positive zero
-					 *		 -1 : Negative zero
-					 *		  2 : Positive number
-					 *		 -2 : Negative number
-					 *		  3 : Positive infinite number
-					 *		 -3 : Negative infinite number
-					 */
-	short  flag;   /* Not used in vp_routines,space for user.  */
-	U_LONG frac[1];	/* Pointer to array of fraction part.       */
-} Real;
-
-/*  
- *  ------------------
- *   EXPORTables.
- *  ------------------
- */
-
-VP_EXPORT  Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNewRbClass(U_LONG mx,char *str,VALUE klass);
-#else
-VpNewRbClass();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT  Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpCreateRbObject(U_LONG mx,char *str);
-#else
-VpCreateRbObject();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG VpBaseFig();
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG VpDblFig();
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpBaseVal();
-
-/* Zero,Inf,NaN (isinf(),isnan() used to check) */
-VP_EXPORT double VpGetDoubleNaN();
-VP_EXPORT double VpGetDoublePosInf();
-VP_EXPORT double VpGetDoubleNegInf();
-VP_EXPORT double VpGetDoubleNegZero();
-
-/* These 2 functions added at v1.1.7 */
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpGetPrecLimit();
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpSetPrecLimit(U_LONG n);
-#else
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG VpSetPrecLimit();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpException(unsigned short f,char *str,int always);
-#else
-VpException();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpIsNegDoubleZero(double v);
-#else
-VpIsNegDoubleZero();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNumOfChars(Real *vp);
-#else
-VpNumOfChars();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpInit(U_LONG BaseVal);
-#else
-VpInit();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFree(Real *pv);
-#else
-VpFree();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAlloc(U_LONG mx, char *szVal);
-#else
-VpAlloc();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAsgn(Real *c,Real *a,int isw);
-#else
-VpAsgn();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAddSub(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b,int operation);
-#else
-VpAddSub();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpMult(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b);
-#else
-VpMult();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpDivd(Real *c,Real *r,Real *a,Real *b);
-#else
-VpDivd(c, r, a, b);
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpComp(Real *a,Real *b);
-#else
-VpComp();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT S_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExponent10(Real *a);
-#else
-VpExponent10();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSzMantissa(Real *a,char *psz);
-#else
-VpSzMantissa();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpToString(Real *a,char *psz,int fFmt);
-#else
-VpToString();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpCtoV(Real *a,char *int_chr,U_LONG ni,char *frac,U_LONG nf,char *exp_chr,U_LONG ne);
-#else
-VpCtoV();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpVtoD(double *d,U_LONG *e,Real *m);
-#else
-VpVtoD();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpDtoV(Real *m,double d);
-#else
-VpDtoV();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpItoV(Real *m,S_INT ival);
-#else
-VpItoV();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSqrt(Real *y,Real *x);
-#else
-VpSqrt();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpRound(Real *y,Real *x,int sw,int f,int il);
-#else
-VpRound();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFrac(Real *y,Real *x);
-#else
-VpFrac();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpPower(Real *y,Real *x,S_INT n);
-#else
-VpPower();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpPai(Real *y);
-#else
-VpPai();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExp1(Real *y);
-#else
-VpExp1();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpExp(Real *y,Real *x);
-#else
-VpExp();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSinCos(Real *psin,Real *pcos,Real *x);
-#else
-VpSinCos();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-VP_EXPORT int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VPrint(FILE *fp,char *cntl_chr,Real *a);
-#else
-VPrint();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-/*  
- *  ------------------
- *   static routines.
- *  ------------------
- */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpIsDefOP(Real *c,Real *a,Real *b,int sw);
-#else
-VpIsDefOP();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-AddExponent(Real *a,S_INT n);
-#else
-AddExponent();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static void *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpMemAlloc(U_LONG mb);
-#else
-VpMemAlloc();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static unsigned short VpGetException();
-
-static void 
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSetException(unsigned short f);
-#else
-VpSetException();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-MemCmp(	unsigned char *a,unsigned char *b,int n);
-#else
-MemCmp(a,b,n);
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpAddAbs(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c);
-#else
-VpAddAbs();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSubAbs(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c);
-#else
-VpSubAbs();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpSetPTR(Real *a,Real *b,Real *c,U_LONG *a_pos,U_LONG *b_pos,U_LONG *c_pos,U_LONG *av,U_LONG *bv);
-#else
-VpSetPTR();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpNmlz(Real *a);
-#else
-VpNmlz();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static void
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpFormatSt(char *psz,S_INT fFmt);
-#else
-VpFormatSt();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static int
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-VpRdup(Real *m);
-#else
-VpRdup();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static U_LONG
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-SkipWhiteChar(char *szVal);
-#else
-SkipWhiteChar();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static U_LONG 
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetAddSubPrec(Real *a,Real *b);
-#else
-GetAddSubPrec();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static S_INT
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetPositiveInt(VALUE v);
-#else
-GetPositiveInt();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static Real *
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-GetVpValue(VALUE v,int must);
-#else
-GetVpValue();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-ToValue(Real *p);
-#else
-ToValue();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static S_INT 
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloatCmp(VALUE self,VALUE r);
-#else
-BigFloatCmp();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloat_divide(Real **c,Real **res,Real **div,VALUE self,VALUE r);
-#else
-BigFloat_divide();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-static VALUE
-#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
-BigFloat_DoDivmod(VALUE self,VALUE r,Real **div,Real **mod);
-#else
-BigFloat_DoDivmod();
-#endif /* HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES */
-
-/*  
- *  ------------------
- *  MACRO definitions.
- *  ------------------
- */
-#define Abs(a)     (((a)>= 0)?(a):(-(a)))
-#define Max(a, b)  (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
-#define Min(a, b)  (((a)>(b))?(b):(a))
-
-#define IsWhiteChar(ch) (((ch==' ')||(ch=='\n')||(ch=='\t')||(ch=='\b'))?1:0)
-
-#define VpMaxPrec(a)   ((a)->MaxPrec)
-#define VpPrec(a)      ((a)->Prec)
-#define VpGetFlag(a)   ((a)->flag)
-
-/* Sign */
-
-/* VpGetSign(a) returns 1,-1 if a>0,a<0 respectively */
-#define VpGetSign(a) (((a)->sign>0)?1:(-1))
-/* Change sign of a to a>0,a<0 if s = 1,-1 respectively */
-#define VpChangeSign(a,s) {if((s)>0) (a)->sign=(short)Abs((S_LONG)(a)->sign);else (a)->sign=-(short)Abs((S_LONG)(a)->sign);}
-/* Sets sign of a to a>0,a<0 if s = 1,-1 respectively */
-#define VpSetSign(a,s)    {if((s)>0) (a)->sign=(short)VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE;else (a)->sign=(short)VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE;}
-
-/* 1 */
-#define VpSetOne(a)       {(a)->frac[0]=(a)->exponent=(a)->Prec=1;(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE;}
-
-/* ZEROs */
-#define VpIsPosZero(a)  ((a)->sign==VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO)
-#define VpIsNegZero(a)  ((a)->sign==VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO)
-#define VpIsZero(a)     (VpIsPosZero(a) || VpIsNegZero(a))
-#define VpSetPosZero(a) ((a)->frac[0]=0,(a)->Prec=1,(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO)
-#define VpSetNegZero(a) ((a)->frac[0]=0,(a)->Prec=1,(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO)
-#define VpSetZero(a,s)  ( ((s)>0)?VpSetPosZero(a):VpSetNegZero(a) )
-
-/* NaN */
-#define VpIsNaN(a)      ((a)->sign==VP_SIGN_NaN)
-#define VpSetNaN(a)     ((a)->frac[0]=0,(a)->Prec=1,(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_NaN)
-
-/* Infinity */
-#define VpIsPosInf(a)   ((a)->sign==VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE)
-#define VpIsNegInf(a)   ((a)->sign==VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE)
-#define VpIsInf(a)      (VpIsPosInf(a) || VpIsNegInf(a))
-#define VpIsDef(a)      ( !(VpIsNaN(a)||VpIsInf(a)) )
-#define VpSetPosInf(a)  ((a)->frac[0]=0,(a)->Prec=1,(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE)
-#define VpSetNegInf(a)  ((a)->frac[0]=0,(a)->Prec=1,(a)->sign=VP_SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE)
-#define VpSetInf(a,s)   ( ((s)>0)?VpSetPosInf(a):VpSetNegInf(a) )
-
-#ifdef _DEBUG
-int VpVarCheck(Real * v);
-#endif /* _DEBUG */
-
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
-#endif //____BIG_FLOAT__H____
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/depend b/ext/bigfloat/depend
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b149824f5..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/depend
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-bigfloat.o: bigfloat.c bigfloat.h $(hdrdir)/ruby.h
diff --git a/ext/bigfloat/extconf.rb b/ext/bigfloat/extconf.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 883aebdd1b..0000000000
--- a/ext/bigfloat/extconf.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-require 'mkmf'
-create_makefile('bigfloat')