* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: SEGV when tcltk-stubs is enabled.

* ext/tk/tcltklib.c: avoid error on a shared object.

* ext/tk/extconf.rb: support --with-tcltkversion

* ext/tk/README.tcltklib: add document about --with-tcltkversion

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb: 
  not work on $SAFE==4

* ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: Object#methods returns Symbols on Ruby1.9.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb: add TkTimer#at_end(proc) to register the 
  procedure which called at end of the timer.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb, ext/tk/lib/font.rb: 
  support __IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__ about font options.

* ext/tk/lib/*: treat __IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb: bug fix. 

* ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb: typo. call a wrong method.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb: ditto.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb: support alias names of option keys.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb: lack of module-method definitions.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb: increase supported 
  parameter patterns of configure method.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: add TkWindow#grid_anchor, grid_column, grid_row.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb: methods of Tk::Wm_for_General module cannot
  pass the given block to methods of Tk::Wm module.

* ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb: Wm#overrideredirect overwrites arguemnt to 
  an invalid value.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: fix memory (object) leak bug.

* ext/tk/tcltklib.c, ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: fix memory leak.

* ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb:
  bug fix.

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb: ditto.

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb: improve TPaned#add.

* ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget, 
  ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb, 
  ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb, ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb: 
  bug fix.

* ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: ditto.

* ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: support "if __FILE__ == $0" idiom.

* ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb: add binding for 'Ctrl-u' at console mode.

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb, 
  ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb: improve treating and control themes. 
  add Tk::Tile.themes and Tk::Tile.set_theme(theme).

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb: lack of autoload definitions.

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb: cannot use kanji (not UTF-8) 
  characters for headings.

* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb: wrong package name.

* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: improve handling callback-subst-keys. 
  Now, support longnam-keys (e.g. '%CTT' on tkdnd-2.0; however, still
  not support tkdnd-2.0 on tkextlib), and symbols of parameters (e.g. 
  :widget=>'%W', :keycode=>'%k', '%x'=>:x, '%X'=>:root_x, and so on; 
  those are attributes of event object). It means that Ruby/Tk accepts
  not only "widget.bind(ev, '%W', '%k', ...){|w, k, ...| ... }", but 
  also "widget.bind(ev, :widget, :keycode, ...){|w, k, ...| ... }". 
  It is potentially incompatible, when user passes symbols to the
  arguments of the callback block (the block receives the symbols as
  strings). I think that is very rare case (probably, used by Ruby/Tk
  experts only). When causes such trouble, please give strings instead
  of such symbol parameters (e.g. call Symbol#to_s method).

* ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb, ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb: ditto.

* ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c: strings are available on subst_tables on 
  TkUtil::CallbackSubst class (it is useful on Ruby 1.9). 

* ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb, ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb, 
  ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb: disable code piece became 
  unnecessary by reason of the changes of ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb, ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb: change strategy to define
  the constant WITH_ENCODING.

* ext/tk/lib/tk.rb: fix bug on Tk::Encoding.tk_encoding_names.


git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@17083 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

219 files changed, 6983 insertions, 1265 deletions

diff --git a/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib b/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
index 359b466a32..8c5d01a954 100644
--- a/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
+++ b/ext/tk/ChangeLog.tkextlib
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+2008-05-12  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
+
+	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb: wrong package name.
+
+--------------< ... some changes ... >------------------
+
 2007-05-26  Hidetoshi NAGAI  <nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp>
 
 	* ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist.rb: fix typo.
diff --git a/ext/tk/README.tcltklib b/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
index b94d778104..8c6dd5178f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
+++ b/ext/tk/README.tcltklib
@@ -5,10 +5,14 @@ Tcl/Tk libraries or header files are installed but are not found, you can
 give the information by arguments of the 'configure' script. Please give 
 some or all of the following options. 
 
+ --with-tcltkversion=<version> 
+      force version of Tcl/Tk libaray
+      (e.g. libtcl8.4g.so ==> --with-tcltkversion=8.4g)
+
  --with-tcllib=<libname>       (e.g. libtcl8.4.so ==> --with-tcllib=tcl8.4)
  --with-tklib=<libname>        (e.g. libtk8.4.so  ==> --with-tklib=tk8.4)
 
- --enable-tcltk_stubs          (if you force to enable stubs)
+ --enable-tcltk-stubs          (if you force to enable stubs)
 
  --with-tcl-dir=<path> 
       equal to "--with-tcl-include=<path>/include --with-tcl-lib=<path>/lib"
diff --git a/ext/tk/extconf.rb b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
index cb7621fbd4..4807ea7b40 100644
--- a/ext/tk/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/extconf.rb
@@ -48,15 +48,60 @@ tk_ldir2  = with_config("tk-lib")
 tcl_ldir2 = with_config("tcl-lib")
 x11_ldir2 = with_config("X11-lib")
 
+tk_ldir_list  = [tk_ldir2,  tk_ldir]
+tcl_ldir_list = [tcl_ldir2, tcl_ldir]
+
 tklib = with_config("tklib")
 tcllib = with_config("tcllib")
 stubs = enable_config("tcltk_stubs") || with_config("tcltk_stubs")
 
+tcltk_version = with_config("tcltkversion")
+
 use_X = with_config("X11", (! is_win32))
 
-def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, *opt_paths)
+def check_tcltk_version(version)
+  return [nil, nil] unless version
+
+  version = version.strip
+
+  tclver = version.dup
+  tkver  = version.dup
+
+  major = dot = minor = dot = plvl = ext = nil
+
+  if version =~ /^(\d)(\.?)(\d)(\.?)(\d*)(.*)$/
+    major = $1; minor_dot = $2; minor = $3; plvl_dot  = $4; plvl = $5; ext = $6
+    dot = ! minor_dot.empty?
+    if plvl_dot.empty? && ! plvl.empty?
+      minor << plvl
+    end
+  elsif version =~ /^(\d)(\.?)(\d?)(.*)$/
+    major = $1; minor_dot = $2; minor = $3; ext = $4
+    dot = ! minor_dot.empty?
+  else # unknown -> believe user
+    return [tclver, tkver]
+  end
+
+  # check Tcl7.6 / Tk4.2 ?
+  if major == "7" # Tcl7.6 ( not support Tclversion < 7.6 )
+    # Tk4.2
+    tkver  = "4" + ((dot)? ".": "") + ((minor.empty)? "": "2") + ext
+  elsif major == "4" # Tk4.2 ( not support Tkversion < 4.2 )
+    # Tcl7.6
+    tclver = "7" + ((dot)? ".": "") + ((minor.empty)? "": "6") + ext
+  end
+
+  [tclver, tkver]
+end
+
+def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
   default_paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
-  paths = opt_paths.compact.concat(default_paths)
+  default_paths << "/Tcl/lib"  # default for ActiveTcl
+
+  if (paths = opt_paths.compact).empty?
+    paths = default_paths
+  end
+
   if stubs
     func = "Tcl_InitStubs"
     lib = "tclstub"
@@ -64,25 +109,42 @@ def find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, *opt_paths)
     func = "Tcl_FindExecutable"
     lib = "tcl"
   end
+
+  if version && ! version.empty?
+    versions = [version]
+  else
+    versions = %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6]
+  end
+
   if tcllib
-    find_library(tcllib, func, *paths)
+    st = find_library(tcllib, func, *paths)
   else
-    %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 7.6].find { |ver|
-      find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tcl#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tcl#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
-    } || find_library(lib, func, *paths)
+    st = versions.find { |ver|
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tcl#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tcl#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tcl#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
+         } || (!version && find_library(lib, func, *paths))
+  end
+
+  unless st
+    puts("Warning:: cannot find Tcl library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options.")
   end
+  st
 end
 
-def find_tk(tklib, stubs, *opt_paths)
+def find_tk(tklib, stubs, version, *opt_paths)
   default_paths = ["/usr/local/lib", "/usr/pkg/lib", "/usr/lib"]
-  paths = opt_paths.compact.concat(default_paths)
+  default_paths << "/Tcl/lib"  # default for ActiveTcl
+
+  if (paths = opt_paths.compact).empty?
+    paths = default_paths
+  end
+
   if stubs
     func = "Tk_InitStubs"
     lib = "tkstub"
@@ -90,27 +152,43 @@ def find_tk(tklib, stubs, *opt_paths)
     func = "Tk_Init"
     lib = "tk"
   end
+
+  if version && ! version.empty?
+    versions = [version]
+  else
+    versions = %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 4.2]
+  end
+
   if tklib
-    find_library(tklib, func, *paths)
+    st = find_library(tklib, func, *paths)
   else
-    %w[8.6 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 4.2].find { |ver|
-      find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tk#{ver}", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or 
-        find_library("tk#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
-        find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
-    } || find_library(lib, func, *paths)
+    st = versions.find { |ver|
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("#{lib}#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tk#{ver}", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}", func, *paths) or 
+           find_library("tk#{ver}g", func, *paths) or
+           find_library("tk#{ver.delete('.')}g", func, *paths)
+         } || (!version && find_library(lib, func, *paths))
   end
+
+  unless st
+    puts("Warning:: cannot find Tk library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options.")
+  end
+  st
 end
 
 def find_X11(*opt_paths)
   default_paths = 
     [ "/usr/X11/lib", "/usr/lib/X11", "/usr/X11R6/lib", "/usr/openwin/lib" ]
   paths = opt_paths.compact.concat(default_paths)
-  find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay", *paths)
+  st = find_library("X11", "XOpenDisplay", *paths)
+  unless st
+    puts("Warning:: cannot find X11 library. tcltklib will not be compiled (tcltklib is disabled on your Ruby == Ruby/Tk will not work). Please check configure options. If your Tcl/Tk don't require X11, please try --without-X11.")
+  end
+  st
 end 
 
 def pthread_check()
@@ -291,11 +369,13 @@ EOF
   end
 end
 
-if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") &&
+tclver, tkver = check_tcltk_version(tcltk_version)
+
+if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") && 
     ( tcltk_framework || 
         ( ( !use_X || find_X11(x11_ldir2, x11_ldir) ) &&
-            find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, tcl_ldir2, tcl_ldir) &&
-            find_tk(tklib, stubs, tk_ldir2, tk_ldir) ) )
+            find_tcl(tcllib, stubs, tclver, *tcl_ldir_list) &&
+            find_tk(tklib, stubs, tkver, *tk_ldir_list) ) )
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -DUSE_TCL_STUBS -DUSE_TK_STUBS' if stubs
   $CPPFLAGS += ' -D_WIN32' if /cygwin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
 
@@ -322,6 +402,8 @@ if have_header("tcl.h") && have_header("tk.h") &&
     $INSTALLFILES ||= []
     $INSTALLFILES << ["lib/tkextlib/SUPPORT_STATUS", "$(RUBYLIBDIR)", "lib"]
 
+    have_func("rb_hash_lookup", "ruby.h")
+
     # create
     $defs << %[-DRUBY_VERSION=\\"#{RUBY_VERSION}\\"]
     $defs << %[-DRUBY_RELEASE_DATE=\\"#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE}\\"]
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
index fd9a863888..4f39874d30 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/multi-tk.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,13 @@ class << TclTkIp
     if Thread.current.group != ThreadGroup::Default
       raise SecurityError, 'only ThreadGroup::Default can call TclTkIp.new'
     end
-    __new__(*args)
+    obj = __new__(*args)
+    obj.instance_eval{
+      @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+      @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+      def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+    }
+    obj
   end
 end
 
@@ -115,7 +121,8 @@ class MultiTkIp
   BASE_DIR = File.dirname(__FILE__)
 
   WITH_RUBY_VM  = Object.const_defined?(:VM) && ::VM.class == Class
-  WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
+  WITH_ENCODING = defined?(::Encoding.default_external)
+  #WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
 
   (@@SLAVE_IP_ID = ['slave'.freeze, '0'.taint]).instance_eval{
     @mutex = Mutex.new
@@ -226,8 +233,8 @@ class MultiTkIp
     def call(*args)
       unless @ip.deleted?
         current = Thread.current
-        backup_ip = current['callback_ip']
-        current['callback_ip'] = @ip
+        backup_ip = current[:callback_ip]
+        current[:callback_ip] = @ip
         begin
           ret = @ip.cb_eval(@cmd, *args)
           fail ret if ret.kind_of?(Exception)
@@ -260,7 +267,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
             fail e
           end
         ensure
-          current['callback_ip'] = backup_ip
+          current[:callback_ip] = backup_ip
         end
       end
     end
@@ -753,14 +760,23 @@ class MultiTkIp
         current[:mutex] = mutex = Mutex.new
         current[:root_check] = cond_var = ConditionVariable.new
 
+        status = [nil]
+        def status.value
+          self[0]
+        end
+        def status.value=(val)
+          self[0] = val
+        end
+        current[:status] = status
+
         begin
-          current[:status] = interp.mainloop(true)
+          current[:status].value = interp.mainloop(true)
         rescue Exception=>e
-          current[:status] = e
+          current[:status].value = e
         ensure
           mutex.synchronize{ cond_var.broadcast }
         end
-        current[:status] = interp.mainloop(false)
+        current[:status].value = interp.mainloop(false)
       }
       until @interp_thread[:interp]
         Thread.pass
@@ -778,6 +794,12 @@ class MultiTkIp
       end
     end
 
+    @interp.instance_eval{
+      @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+      @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+      def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+    }
+
     @ip_name = nil
 
     @callback_status = [].taint
@@ -951,8 +973,9 @@ class MultiTkIp
       begin
         class << subclass
           self.methods.each{|m|
+            name = m.to_s
             begin
-              unless m == '__id__' || m == '__send__' || m == 'freeze'
+              unless name == '__id__' || name == '__send__' || name == 'freeze'
                 undef_method(m)
               end
             rescue Exception
@@ -1157,6 +1180,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
     # safe interpreter
     ip_name = _create_slave_ip_name
     slave_ip = @interp.create_slave(ip_name, true)
+    slave_ip.instance_eval{
+      @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+      @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+      def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+    }
     @slave_ip_tbl[ip_name] = slave_ip
     def slave_ip.safe_base?
       true
@@ -1199,6 +1227,11 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
     ip_name = _create_slave_ip_name
     slave_ip = @interp.create_slave(ip_name, false)
+    slave_ip.instance_eval{
+      @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+      @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+      def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+    }
     slave_ip._invoke('set', 'argv0', name) if name.kind_of?(String)
     slave_ip._invoke('set', 'argv', _keys2opts(keys))
     @interp._invoke('load', '', 'Tk', ip_name)
@@ -1268,9 +1301,21 @@ class MultiTkIp
       # create master-ip
       unless WITH_RUBY_VM
         @interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(tk_opts))
+        @interp.instance_eval{
+          @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+          @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+          def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+        }
+
       else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
         @interp_thread = Thread.new{
           Thread.current[:interp] = interp = TclTkIp.new(name, _keys2opts(tk_opts))
+          interp.instance_eval{
+            @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+            @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+            def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+          }
+
           #sleep
           TclTkLib.mainloop(true)
         }
@@ -1400,8 +1445,8 @@ class MultiTkIp
 
   def self.__getip
     current = Thread.current
-    if TclTkLib.mainloop_thread? != false && current['callback_ip']
-      return current['callback_ip']
+    if TclTkLib.mainloop_thread? != false && current[:callback_ip]
+      return current[:callback_ip]
     end
     if current.group == ThreadGroup::Default
       @@DEFAULT_MASTER
@@ -1993,12 +2038,12 @@ class MultiTkIp
       cmd = args.shift
     end
     current = Thread.current
-    backup_ip = current['callback_ip']
-    current['callback_ip'] = self
+    backup_ip = current[:callback_ip]
+    current[:callback_ip] = self
     begin
       eval_proc_core(false, cmd, *args)
     ensure
-      current['callback_ip'] = backup_ip
+      current[:callback_ip] = backup_ip
     end
   end
 
@@ -2016,8 +2061,8 @@ class MultiTkIp
     if TclTkLib.mainloop_thread? == true
       # call from eventloop
       current = Thread.current
-      backup_ip = current['callback_ip']
-      current['callback_ip'] = self
+      backup_ip = current[:callback_ip]
+      current[:callback_ip] = self
       begin
         eval_proc_core(false, 
 	               proc{|safe, *params|
@@ -2025,7 +2070,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
                          cmd.call(*params)
                        }, *args)
       ensure
-        current['callback_ip'] = backup_ip
+        current[:callback_ip] = backup_ip
       end
     else
       eval_proc_core(true, 
@@ -2170,6 +2215,10 @@ end
 # event loop
 # all master/slave IPs are controled by only one event-loop
 class << MultiTkIp
+  def default_master?
+    __getip == @@DEFAULT_MASTER
+  end
+
   def mainloop(check_root = true)
     __getip.mainloop(check_root)
   end
@@ -2431,7 +2480,7 @@ class MultiTkIp
   def mainloop(check_root = true, restart_on_dead = true)
     raise SecurityError, "no permission to manipulate" unless self.manipulable?
 
-    unless WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
+    if WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!
       return @interp_thread.value if @interp_thread
     end
 
@@ -3289,6 +3338,42 @@ class << MultiTkIp
   def encoding_table
     __getip.encoding_table
   end
+
+  def force_default_encoding=(mode)
+    __getip.force_default_encoding=(mode)
+  end
+
+  def force_default_encoding?
+    __getip.force_default_encoding?
+  end
+
+  def default_encoding=(enc)
+    __getip.default_encoding=(enc)
+  end
+
+  def encoding=(enc)
+    __getip.encoding=(enc)
+  end
+
+  def encoding_name
+    __getip.encoding_name
+  end
+
+  def encoding_obj
+    __getip.encoding_obj
+  end
+  alias encoding encoding_name
+  alias default_encoding encoding_name
+
+  def encoding_convertfrom(str, enc=None)
+    __getip.encoding_convertfrom(str, enc)
+  end
+  alias encoding_convert_from encoding_convertfrom
+
+  def encoding_convertto(str, enc=None)
+    __getip.encoding_convertto(str, enc)
+  end
+  alias encoding_convert_to encoding_convertto
 end
 class MultiTkIp
   def encoding_table
@@ -3339,6 +3424,7 @@ end
 
 
 # remove methods for security
+=begin
 class MultiTkIp
   INTERP_THREAD = @@DEFAULT_MASTER.instance_variable_get('@interp_thread')
   INTERP_MUTEX  = INTERP_THREAD[:mutex]
@@ -3362,6 +3448,34 @@ class MultiTkIp
   remove_const(:INTERP_MUTEX)
   remove_const(:INTERP_ROOT_CHECK)
 end
+=end
+if MultiTkIp::WITH_RUBY_VM && 
+    ! MultiTkIp::RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD ### check Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!
+  class MultiTkIp
+    INTERP_THREAD = @@DEFAULT_MASTER.instance_variable_get('@interp_thread')
+    INTERP_THREAD_STATUS = INTERP_THREAD[:status]
+    INTERP_MUTEX  = INTERP_THREAD[:mutex]
+    INTERP_ROOT_CHECK = INTERP_THREAD[:root_check]
+  end
+  module TkCore
+    INTERP_THREAD = MultiTkIp::INTERP_THREAD
+    INTERP_THREAD_STATUS = MultiTkIp::INTERP_THREAD_STATUS
+    INTERP_MUTEX  = MultiTkIp::INTERP_MUTEX
+    INTERP_ROOT_CHECK = MultiTkIp::INTERP_ROOT_CHECK
+  end
+  class MultiTkIp
+    remove_const(:INTERP_THREAD)
+    remove_const(:INTERP_THREAD_STATUS)
+    remove_const(:INTERP_MUTEX)
+    remove_const(:INTERP_ROOT_CHECK)
+  end
+end
+
+class MultiTkIp
+  # undef_method :instance_eval
+  undef_method :instance_variable_get
+  undef_method :instance_variable_set
+end
 # end of MultiTkIp definition
 
 # defend against modification
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb
index 70115a60aa..f267900d53 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/remote-tk.rb
@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ class RemoteTkIp
     @slave_ip_tbl = {}
     @slave_ip_top = {}
 
+    @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+    @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+    def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+
     @tk_windows.taint unless @tk_windows.tainted?
     @tk_table_list.taint unless @tk_table_list.tainted?
     @slave_ip_tbl.taint unless @slave_ip_tbl.tainted?
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
index 0d00ecf207..88e47626f5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ class TclTkIp
     # for RemoteTkIp
     ''
   end
+
+  alias __initialize__ initialize
+  private :__initialize__
+
+  def initialize(*args)
+    __initialize__(*args)
+
+    @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+    @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+    def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+  end
 end
 
 # define TkComm module (step 1: basic functions)
@@ -775,7 +786,7 @@ end
   private :_curr_cmd_id, :_next_cmd_id
   module_function :_curr_cmd_id, :_next_cmd_id
 
-  def install_cmd(cmd)
+  def TkComm.install_cmd(cmd, local_cmdtbl=nil)
     return '' if cmd == ''
     begin
       ns = TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('namespace', 'current')
@@ -794,6 +805,15 @@ end
     @cmdtbl = [] unless defined? @cmdtbl
     @cmdtbl.taint unless @cmdtbl.tainted?
     @cmdtbl.push id
+
+    if local_cmdtbl && local_cmdtbl.kind_of?(Array)
+      begin
+        local_cmdtbl << id
+      rescue Exception
+        # ignore
+      end
+    end
+
     #return Kernel.format("rb_out %s", id);
     if ns
       'rb_out' << TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ << ' ' << ns << ' ' << id
@@ -801,14 +821,30 @@ end
       'rb_out' << TkCore::INTERP._ip_id_ << ' ' << id
     end
   end
-  def uninstall_cmd(id)
+  def TkComm.uninstall_cmd(id, local_cmdtbl=nil)
     #id = $1 if /rb_out\S* (c(_\d+_)?\d+)/ =~ id
     id = $4 if id =~ /rb_out\S*(?:\s+(::\S*|[{](::.*)[}]|["](::.*)["]))? (c(_\d+_)?(\d+))/
+
+    if local_cmdtbl && local_cmdtbl.kind_of?(Array)
+      begin
+        local_cmdtbl.delete(id)
+      rescue Exception
+        # ignore
+      end
+    end
+    @cmdtbl.delete(id)
+
     #Tk_CMDTBL.delete(id)
     TkCore::INTERP.tk_cmd_tbl.delete(id)
   end
   # private :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
-  module_function :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
+  # module_function :install_cmd, :uninstall_cmd
+  def install_cmd(cmd)
+    TkComm.install_cmd(cmd, @cmdtbl)
+  end
+  def uninstall_cmd(id)
+    TkComm.uninstall_cmd(id, @cmdtbl)
+  end
 
 =begin
   def install_win(ppath,name=nil)
@@ -1074,7 +1110,8 @@ module TkCore
   extend TkComm
 
   WITH_RUBY_VM  = Object.const_defined?(:VM) && ::VM.class == Class
-  WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
+  WITH_ENCODING = defined?(::Encoding.default_external)
+  #WITH_ENCODING = Object.const_defined?(:Encoding) && ::Encoding.class == Class
 
   unless self.const_defined? :RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
     ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@@ -1110,17 +1147,26 @@ module TkCore
           Thread.current[:interp] = e
           raise e
         end
-        Thread.current[:status] = nil
+
+        status = [nil]
+        def status.value
+          self[0]
+        end
+        def status.value=(val)
+          self[0] = val
+        end
+
+        Thread.current[:status] = status
         #sleep
 
         begin
-          Thread.current[:status] = TclTkLib.mainloop(true)
+          Thread.current[:status].value = TclTkLib.mainloop(true)
         rescue Exception=>e
-          Thread.current[:status] = e
+          Thread.current[:status].value = e
         ensure
           INTERP_MUTEX.synchronize{ INTERP_ROOT_CHECK.broadcast }
         end
-        Thread.current[:status] = TclTkLib.mainloop(false)
+        Thread.current[:status].value = TclTkLib.mainloop(false)
       }
 
       until INTERP_THREAD[:interp]
@@ -1130,11 +1176,15 @@ module TkCore
       raise INTERP_THREAD[:interp] if INTERP_THREAD[:interp].kind_of? Exception
 
       INTERP = INTERP_THREAD[:interp]
+      INTERP_THREAD_STATUS = INTERP_THREAD[:status]
     end
 
     def INTERP.__getip
       self
     end
+    def INTERP.default_master?
+      true
+    end
 
     INTERP.instance_eval{
       # @tk_cmd_tbl = {}.taint
@@ -1155,6 +1205,10 @@ module TkCore
       @init_ip_env  = [].taint  # table of Procs
       @add_tk_procs = [].taint  # table of [name, args, body]
 
+      @force_default_encoding ||= [false].taint
+      @encoding ||= [nil].taint
+      def @encoding.to_s; self.join(nil); end
+
       @cb_entry_class = Class.new(TkCallbackEntry){
         class << self
           def inspect
@@ -1273,7 +1327,7 @@ module TkCore
                              }) << ' %W')
 
   INTERP.add_tk_procs(TclTkLib::FINALIZE_PROC_NAME, '', 
-                      "bind all <#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}> {}")
+                      "catch { bind all <#{WIDGET_DESTROY_HOOK}> {} }")
 
   INTERP.add_tk_procs('rb_out', 'ns args', <<-'EOL')
     if [regexp {^::} $ns] {
@@ -1441,7 +1495,9 @@ module TkCore
 
   def after(ms, cmd=Proc.new)
     cmdid = install_cmd(proc{ret = cmd.call;uninstall_cmd(cmdid); ret})
-    tk_call_without_enc("after",ms,cmdid)  # return id
+    after_id = tk_call_without_enc("after",ms,cmdid)
+    after_id.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', cmdid)
+    after_id
   end
 =begin
   def after(ms, cmd=Proc.new)
@@ -1471,7 +1527,9 @@ module TkCore
 
   def after_idle(cmd=Proc.new)
     cmdid = install_cmd(proc{ret = cmd.call;uninstall_cmd(cmdid); ret})
-    tk_call_without_enc('after','idle',cmdid)
+    after_id = tk_call_without_enc('after','idle',cmdid)
+    after_id.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', cmdid)
+    after_id
   end
 =begin
   def after_idle(cmd=Proc.new)
@@ -1489,6 +1547,11 @@ module TkCore
 
   def after_cancel(afterId)
     tk_call_without_enc('after','cancel',afterId)
+    if (cmdid = afterId.instance_variable_get('@cmdid'))
+      afterId.instance_variable_set('@cmdid', nil)
+      uninstall_cmd(cmdid)
+    end
+    afterId
   end
 
   def windowingsystem
@@ -1611,14 +1674,19 @@ module TkCore
     if !TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM || TkCore::RUN_EVENTLOOP_ON_MAIN_THREAD
       TclTkLib.mainloop(check_root)
     else ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!!
+      unless TkCore::INTERP.default_master?
+        # [MultiTkIp] slave interp ?
+        return TkCore::INTERP._thread_tkwait('window', '.') if check_root
+      end
+
       begin
         TclTkLib.set_eventloop_window_mode(true)
         if check_root
           INTERP_MUTEX.synchronize{
             INTERP_ROOT_CHECK.wait(INTERP_MUTEX)
-            status = INTERP_THREAD[:status]
-            if status
-              INTERP_THREAD[:status] = nil
+            status = INTERP_THREAD_STATUS.value
+            if status && TkCore::INTERP.default_master?
+              INTERP_THREAD_STATUS.value = nil if $SAFE < 4
               raise status if status.kind_of?(Exception)
             end
           }
@@ -2458,7 +2526,8 @@ if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
         alias default_encoding encoding_name
 
         def tk_encoding_names
-          TkComm.simplelist(TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[0], Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[1]))
+          #TkComm.simplelist(TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc(Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[0], Tk::Encoding::ENCNAMES_CMD[1]))
+          TkComm.simplelist(TkCore::INTERP._invoke_without_enc('encoding', 'names'))
        end
         def encoding_names
           self.tk_encoding_names.find_all{|name|
@@ -2592,16 +2661,16 @@ if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
 
   class TclTkIp
     def force_default_encoding=(mode)
-      @force_default_encoding = (mode)? true: false
+      @force_default_encoding[0] = (mode)? true: false
     end
 
     def force_default_encoding?
-      @force_default_encoding ||= false
+      @force_default_encoding[0] ||= false
     end
 
     def default_encoding=(name)
-      name = name.name if name.kind_of?(::Encoding) if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
-      @encoding = name
+      name = name.name if Tk::WITH_ENCODING && name.kind_of?(::Encoding)
+      @encoding[0] = name.to_s.dup
     end
 
     # from tkencoding.rb by ttate@jaist.ac.jp
@@ -2612,16 +2681,16 @@ if (/^(8\.[1-9]|9\.|[1-9][0-9])/ =~ Tk::TCL_VERSION && !Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)
     end
 
     def encoding_name
-      (@encoding)? @encoding.dup: nil
+      (@encoding[0])? @encoding[0].dup: nil
     end
     alias encoding encoding_name
     alias default_encoding encoding_name
 
     def encoding_obj
       if Tk::WITH_ENCODING
-        Tk::Encoding.tcl2rb_encoding(@encoding)
+        Tk::Encoding.tcl2rb_encoding(@encoding[0])
       else
-        (@encoding)? @encoding.dup: nil
+        (@encoding[0])? @encoding[0].dup: nil
       end
     end
 
@@ -3211,7 +3280,15 @@ module TkTreatFont
               next
             else
               fnt = hash_kv(fnt) if fnt.kind_of?(Hash)
-              tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+              unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+                tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+              else
+                begin
+                  tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+                rescue
+                  # ignore
+                end
+              end
             end
           end
           next
@@ -3265,7 +3342,15 @@ module TkTreatFont
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
         ltn = hash_kv(ltn) if ltn.kind_of?(Hash)
-        tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+        unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+          tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+        else
+          begin
+            tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+          rescue => e
+            # ignore
+          end
+        end
         next
       end
 
@@ -3317,7 +3402,15 @@ module TkTreatFont
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
         knj = hash_kv(knj) if knj.kind_of?(Hash)
-        tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+        unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+          tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+        else
+          begin
+            tk_call(*(__config_cmd << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+          rescue => e
+            # ignore
+          end
+        end
         next
       end
 
@@ -3447,6 +3540,11 @@ module TkConfigMethod
   end
   private :__configinfo_struct
 
+  def __optkey_aliases
+    {}
+  end
+  private :__optkey_aliases
+
   def __numval_optkeys
     []
   end
@@ -3561,6 +3659,11 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
     end
 
+    alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+    if real_name
+      slot = real_name.to_s
+    end
+
     if ( method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot] )
       optval = tk_call_without_enc(*(__cget_cmd << "-#{slot}"))
       begin
@@ -3635,14 +3738,35 @@ module TkConfigMethod
     unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
       __cget_core(slot)
     else
-      __cget_core(slot) rescue nil
+      begin
+        __cget_core(slot)
+      rescue => e
+        if current_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
+          # error on known option
+          fail e
+        else
+          # unknown option
+          nil
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    # never use TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+    __cget_core(slot)
+  end
 
   def __configure_core(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
       slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
 
+      __optkey_aliases.each{|alias_name, real_name|
+        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
+        if slot.has_key?(alias_name)
+          slot[real_name.to_s] = slot.delete(alias_name)
+        end
+      }
+
       __methodcall_optkeys.each{|key, method|
         value = slot.delete(key.to_s)
         self.__send__(method, value) if value
@@ -3679,6 +3803,11 @@ module TkConfigMethod
         fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
       end
 
+      alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+      if real_name
+        slot = real_name.to_s
+      end
+
       if ( conf = __keyonly_optkeys.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot} )
         defkey, undefkey = conf
         if value
@@ -3730,7 +3859,17 @@ module TkConfigMethod
           __configure_core(slot) unless slot.empty?
         end
       else
-        __configure_core(slot, value) rescue nil
+        begin
+          __configure_core(slot, value)
+        rescue => e
+          if current_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
+            # error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # unknown option
+            nil
+          end
+        end
       end
     end
     self
@@ -3766,6 +3905,12 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__val2ruby_optkeys().keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot]
@@ -4139,6 +4284,12 @@ module TkConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __optkey_aliases.find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__val2ruby_optkeys().keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__val2ruby_optkeys())[slot]
@@ -4734,6 +4885,13 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
           fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
         }
 
+        __optkey_aliases.each{|alias_name, real_name|
+          alias_name = alias_name.to_s
+          if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
+            keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
+          end
+        }
+
         __methodcall_optkeys.each{|key|
           key = key.to_s
           methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
@@ -4771,12 +4929,25 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
       else
         begin
           tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
-        rescue
+        rescue => e
           tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path)
           keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
           unless keys.empty?
-            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-            tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+            begin
+              # try to configure
+              configure(keys)
+            rescue
+              # fail => includes options adaptable when creattion only?
+              begin
+                tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
+              rescue
+                # cannot rescue options error
+                fail e 
+              else
+                # re-create widget
+                tk_call_without_enc(cmd, @path, *hash_kv(keys, true))
+              end
+            end
           end
         end
       end
@@ -4916,6 +5087,15 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     self
   end
 
+  def grid_anchor(anchor=None)
+    if anchor == None
+      TkGrid.anchor(self)
+    else
+      TkGrid.anchor(self, anchor)
+      self
+    end
+  end
+
   def grid_forget
     #tk_call('grid', 'forget', epath)
     TkGrid.forget(self)
@@ -4947,12 +5127,14 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     TkGrid.columnconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
   alias grid_columnconfigure grid_columnconfig
+  alias grid_column grid_columnconfig
 
   def grid_rowconfig(index, keys)
     #tk_call('grid', 'rowconfigure', epath, index, *hash_kv(keys))
     TkGrid.rowconfigure(self, index, keys)
   end
   alias grid_rowconfigure grid_rowconfig
+  alias grid_row grid_rowconfig
 
   def grid_columnconfiginfo(index, slot=nil)
     #if slot
@@ -5195,11 +5377,13 @@ class TkWindow<TkObject
     end
 
     children.each{|path, obj|
-      if defined?(@cmdtbl)
-        for id in @cmdtbl
-          uninstall_cmd id
+      obj.instance_eval{
+        if defined?(@cmdtbl)
+          for id in @cmdtbl
+            uninstall_cmd id
+          end
         end
-      end
+      }
       TkCore::INTERP.tk_windows.delete(path)
     }
 
@@ -5317,7 +5501,7 @@ TkWidget = TkWindow
 #Tk.freeze
 
 module Tk
-  RELEASE_DATE = '2008-03-29'.freeze
+  RELEASE_DATE = '2008-06-11'.freeze
 
   autoload :AUTO_PATH,        'tk/variable'
   autoload :TCL_PACKAGE_PATH, 'tk/variable'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
index fceadd5e9c..36ea008a17 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvas.rb
@@ -168,6 +168,8 @@ class Tk::Canvas<TkWindow
     #tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('canvasy', screen_y, *args))
     number(tk_send_without_enc('canvasy', screen_y, *args))
   end
+  alias canvas_x canvasx
+  alias canvas_y canvasy
 
   def coords(tag, *args)
     if args == []
@@ -642,6 +644,13 @@ class TkcItem<TkObject
         fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
       }
 
+      __item_optkey_aliases(nil).each{|alias_name, real_name|
+        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
+        if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
+          keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
+        end
+      }
+
       __item_methodcall_optkeys(nil).each{|key|
         key = key.to_s
         methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
index 7feea1575c..49796d80b2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/canvastag.rb
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ module TkcTagAccess
   def cget(option)
     @c.itemcget(@id, option)
   end
+  def cget_strict(option)
+    @c.itemcget_strict(@id, option)
+  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @c.itemconfigure(@id, key, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
index 728b02f608..883d43c3ea 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/composite.rb
@@ -181,6 +181,57 @@ module TkComposite
     delegate_alias(option, option, *wins)
   end
 
+  def __cget_delegates(slot)
+    slot = slot.to_s
+
+    if @option_methods.include?(slot)
+      if @option_methods[slot][:cget]
+        return self.__send__(@option_methods[slot][:cget])
+      else
+        if @option_setting[slot]
+          return @option_setting[slot]
+        else
+          return ''
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    tbl = @delegates[slot]
+    tbl = @delegates['DEFAULT'] unless tbl
+
+    begin
+      if tbl
+        opt, wins = tbl[-1]
+        opt = slot if opt == 'DEFAULT'
+        if wins && wins[-1]
+          # return wins[-1].cget(opt)
+          return wins[-1].cget_strict(opt)
+        end
+      end
+    rescue
+    end
+
+    return None
+  end
+  private :__cget_delegates
+
+  def cget(slot)
+    if (ret = __cget_delegates(slot)) == None
+      super(slot)
+    else
+      ret
+    end
+  end
+
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    if (ret = __cget_delegates(slot)) == None
+      super(slot)
+    else
+      ret
+    end
+  end
+
+=begin
   def cget(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
 
@@ -212,6 +263,7 @@ module TkComposite
 
     super(slot)
   end
+=end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
index 0042fcaa63..d8aad6248b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/event.rb
@@ -352,6 +352,14 @@ module TkEvent
       nil
     ]
 
+    # [ <'%' subst-key str>, <proc type char>, <instance var (accessor) name>]
+    #   the subst-key string will be converted to a bytecode (128+idx).
+    LONGKEY_TBL = [
+      # for example, for %CTT and %CST subst-key on tkdnd-2.0
+      # ['CTT', ?l, :drop_target_type], 
+      # ['CST', ?l, :drop_source_type], 
+    ]
+
     # [ <proc type char>, <proc/method to convert tcl-str to ruby-obj>]
     PROC_TBL = [
       [ ?n, TkComm.method(:num_or_str) ], 
@@ -371,6 +379,7 @@ module TkEvent
       nil
     ]
 
+=begin
     # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
     KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
       if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -386,6 +395,7 @@ module TkEvent
       end
       inf
     }
+=end
 
     # setup tables to be used by scan_args, _get_subst_key, _get_all_subst_keys
     #
@@ -399,7 +409,8 @@ module TkEvent
     #     ( which are Tcl strings ) to ruby objects based on the key string 
     #     that is generated by _get_subst_key() or _get_all_subst_keys(). 
     #
-    _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
+    _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
+    # _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, LONGKEY_TBL, PROC_TBL) # if use longname-keys
 
     #
     # NOTE: The order of parameters which passed to callback procedure is 
@@ -447,6 +458,7 @@ module TkEvent
     extra_args_tbl = klass._get_extra_args_tbl
 
     if args.compact.size > 0
+      args.map!{|arg| klass._sym2subst(arg)}
       args = args.join(' ')
       keys = klass._get_subst_key(args)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
index 4641d8a640..62d628c132 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/font.rb
@@ -1056,7 +1056,13 @@ class TkFont
 
     keys = _symbolkey2str(args.pop).update(fontslot)
     args.concat(hash_kv(keys))
-    tk_call(*args)
+    begin
+      tk_call(*args)
+    rescue => e
+      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+        fail e
+      end
+    end
     Tk_FontUseTBL.mutex.synchronize{
       Tk_FontUseTBL[[win, tag, optkey].join(';')] = self
     }
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
index 10fdf3569b..0dfd7263a7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/grid.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ module TkGrid
     list(tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'bbox', *args))
   end
 
+=begin
   def configure(win, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       opts = args.pop
@@ -53,6 +54,48 @@ module TkGrid
       tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
     end
   end
+=end
+  def configure(*args)
+    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
+      opts = args.pop
+    else
+      opts = {}
+    end
+    fail ArgumentError, 'no widget is given' if args.empty?
+    params = []
+    args.flatten(1).each{|win|
+      case win
+      when '-', ?-              # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase columnspan)
+        params.push('-')
+      when /^-+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase columnspan)
+        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
+      when '^', ?^              # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase rowspan)
+        params.push('^')
+      when /^\^+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (increase rowspan)
+        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
+      when 'x', :x, ?x, nil, '' # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (empty column)
+        params.push('x')
+      when /^x+$/             # RELATIVE PLACEMENT (empty column)
+        params.concat(win.to_s.split(//))
+      else
+        params.push(_epath(win))
+      end
+    }
+    opts.each{|k, v|
+      params.push("-#{k}")
+      params.push(_epath(v))  # have to use 'epath' (hash_kv() is unavailable)
+    }
+    if Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 ||
+        (Tk::TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && Tk::TCL_MINOR_VERSION <= 3)
+      if params[0] == '-' || params[0] == 'x' || params[0] == '^'
+        tk_call_without_enc('grid', *params)
+      else
+        tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
+      end
+    else
+      tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'configure', *params)
+    end
+  end
   alias grid configure
 
   def columnconfigure(master, index, args)
@@ -61,12 +104,14 @@ module TkGrid
     tk_call_without_enc("grid", 'columnconfigure', 
                         master, index, *hash_kv(args))
   end
+  alias column columnconfigure
 
   def rowconfigure(master, index, args)
     # master = master.epath if master.kind_of?(TkObject)
     master = _epath(master)
     tk_call_without_enc("grid", 'rowconfigure', master, index, *hash_kv(args))
   end
+  alias row rowconfigure
 
   def columnconfiginfo(master, index, slot=nil)
     # master = master.epath if master.kind_of?(TkObject)
@@ -189,10 +234,10 @@ module TkGrid
     list(tk_call_without_enc('grid', 'slaves', master, *hash_kv(args)))
   end
 
-  module_function :bbox, :forget, :propagate, :info
+  module_function :anchor, :bbox, :add, :forget, :propagate, :info
   module_function :remove, :size, :slaves, :location
   module_function :grid, :configure, :columnconfigure, :rowconfigure
-  module_function :columnconfiginfo, :rowconfiginfo
+  module_function :column, :row, :columnconfiginfo, :rowconfiginfo
 end
 =begin
 def TkGrid(win, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
index 57f82cb812..dffdc19644 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/image.rb
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class TkPhotoImage<TkImage
     self
   end
 
-  def cget(option)
+  def cget_strict(option)
     case option.to_s
     when 'data', 'file'
       tk_send 'cget', '-' << option.to_s
@@ -164,6 +164,23 @@ class TkPhotoImage<TkImage
       tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send('cget', '-' << option.to_s))
     end
   end
+  def cget(option)
+    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      cget_strict(option)
+    else
+      begin
+        cget_strict(option)
+      rescue => e
+        if current_configinfo.has_key?(option.to_s)
+          # error on known option
+          fail e
+        else
+          # unknown option
+          nil
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
   def copy(src, *opts)
     if opts.size == 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
index dbc45a9e7c..9c6a98d0f8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemconfig.rb
@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ require 'tk/itemfont.rb'
 module TkItemConfigOptkeys
   include TkUtil
 
+  def __item_optkey_aliases(id)
+    {}
+  end
+  private :__item_optkey_aliases
+
   def __item_numval_optkeys(id)
     []
   end
@@ -165,6 +170,11 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_opt.inspect}'"
     end
 
+    alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == option}
+    if real_name
+      option = real_name.to_s
+    end
+
     if ( method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[option] )
       optval = tk_call_without_enc(*(__item_cget_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{option}"))
       begin
@@ -242,20 +252,35 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
         __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
       rescue => e
         begin
-          __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId)
-          # not tag error -> option is unknown
-          nil
+          if __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
         rescue
           fail e  # tag error
         end
       end
     end
   end
+  def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    # never use TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+    __itemcget_core(tagOrId, option)
+  end
 
   def __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
       slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
 
+      __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).each{|alias_name, real_name|
+        alias_name = alias_name.to_s
+        if slot.has_key?(alias_name)
+          slot[real_name.to_s] = slot.delete(alias_name)
+        end
+      }
+
       __item_methodcall_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).each{|key, method|
         value = slot.delete(key.to_s)
         self.__send__(method, tagOrId, value) if value
@@ -292,6 +317,11 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
         fail ArgumentError, "Invalid option `#{orig_slot.inspect}'"
       end
 
+      alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+      if real_name
+        slot = real_name.to_s
+      end
+
       if ( conf = __item_keyonly_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot } )
         defkey, undefkey = conf
         if value
@@ -319,7 +349,8 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
 
   def __check_available_itemconfigure_options(tagOrId, keys)
     id = tagid(tagOrId)
-    availables = self.current_itemconfiginfo(id).keys
+
+    availables = self.__current_itemconfiginfo(id).keys
 
     # add non-standard keys
     availables |= __font_optkeys.map{|k|
@@ -329,6 +360,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
     availables |= __item_keyonly_optkeys(id).keys.map{|k| k.to_s}
 
     keys = _symbolkey2str(keys)
+
     keys.delete_if{|k, v| !(availables.include?(k))}
   end
 
@@ -340,7 +372,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
         begin
           __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot)
         rescue
-          slot = __check_available_configure_options(tagOrId, slot)
+          slot = __check_available_itemconfigure_options(tagOrId, slot)
           __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot) unless slot.empty?
         end
       else
@@ -348,7 +380,13 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
           __itemconfigure_core(tagOrId, slot, value)
         rescue => e
           begin
-            __itemconfiginfo_core(tagOrId)
+            if __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(slot.to_s)
+              # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+              fail e
+            else
+              # not tag error & option is unknown
+              nil
+            end
           rescue
             fail e  # tag error
           end
@@ -383,6 +421,12 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[slot]
@@ -754,6 +798,12 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).keys.join('|')})$/
             method = _symbolkey2str(__item_val2ruby_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)))[slot]
@@ -1125,7 +1175,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
     end
   end
 
-  def current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
+  def __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
     if TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
       if slot
         org_slot = slot
@@ -1147,6 +1197,7 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
             ret[conf[0]] = conf[-1]
           end
         }
+
         ret
       end
     else # ! TkComm::GET_CONFIGINFO_AS_ARRAY
@@ -1157,4 +1208,8 @@ module TkItemConfigMethod
       ret
     end
   end
+
+  def current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
+    __current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot)
+  end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
index ab9e3ff6c9..4c5c917c57 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/itemfont.rb
@@ -94,7 +94,16 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
                                       *(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << {}))
               next
             else
-              tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+              fnt = hash_kv(fnt) if fnt.kind_of?(Hash)
+              unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+                tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+              else
+                begin
+                  tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << fnt))
+                rescue => e
+                  # ignore
+                end
+              end
             end
           end
           next
@@ -147,7 +156,16 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
       elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
-        tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+        ltn = hash_kv(ltn) if ltn.kind_of?(Hash)
+        unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+          tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+        else
+          begin
+            tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << ltn))
+          rescue => e
+            # ignore
+          end
+        end
         next
       end
 
@@ -198,7 +216,16 @@ module TkTreatItemFont
       elsif Tk::JAPANIZED_TK
         fobj = fontobj          # create a new TkFont object
       else
-        tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+        knj = hash_kv(knj) if knj.kind_of?(Hash)
+        unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+          tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+        else
+          begin
+            tk_call(*(__item_config_cmd(tagid(tagOrId)) << "-#{optkey}" << knj))
+          rescue => e
+            # ignore
+          end
+        end
         next
       end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
index 8ba3156293..3ae0548dd1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menu.rb
@@ -34,12 +34,13 @@ module TkMenuEntryConfig
   private :__item_val2ruby_optkeys
 
   alias entrycget itemcget
+  alias entrycget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias entryconfigure itemconfigure
   alias entryconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_entryconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::Menu<TkWindow
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ class Tk::Menubutton<Tk::Label
           tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
           keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
           unless keys.empty?
-            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
+            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path) rescue nil
             tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
                                 *hash_kv(keys, true))
           end
@@ -642,6 +643,9 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
   def menucget(key)
     @menu.cget(key)
   end
+  def menucget_strict(key)
+    @menu.cget_strict(key)
+  end
   def menuconfigure(key, val=None)
     @menu.configure(key, val)
     self
@@ -655,6 +659,9 @@ class Tk::OptionMenubutton<Tk::Menubutton
   def entrycget(index, key)
     @menu.entrycget(index, key)
   end
+  def entrycget_strict(index, key)
+    @menu.entrycget_strict(index, key)
+  end
   def entryconfigure(index, key, val=None)
     @menu.entryconfigure(index, key, val)
     self
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
index d9322c9986..2a2eb9ba3c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/menuspec.rb
@@ -155,15 +155,12 @@ module TkMenuSpec
   def _use_menubar?(parent)
     use_menubar = false
     if parent.kind_of?(Tk::Root) || parent.kind_of?(Tk::Toplevel)
-      return true 
+      true 
+    elsif parent.current_configinfo.has_key?('menu')
+      true
     else
-      begin
-        parent.cget('menu')
-        return true 
-      rescue
-      end
+      false
     end
-    false
   end
   private :_use_menubar?
 
@@ -171,7 +168,7 @@ module TkMenuSpec
     #unless (mbar = parent.menu).kind_of?(TkMenu)
     # --> use current TkMenu class
     mbar = parent.menu
-    unless parent.menu.kind_of?(Tk::Menu) || parent.menu.kind_of?(TkMenu)
+    unless mbar.kind_of?(Tk::Menu) || mbar.kind_of?(TkMenu)
       #mbar = Tk::Menu.new(parent, :tearoff=>false)
       mbar = TkMenu.new(parent, :tearoff=>false)
       parent.menu(mbar)
@@ -198,7 +195,6 @@ module TkMenuSpec
 
     if _use_menubar?(parent)
       # menubar by menu entries
-
       mbar = _create_menu_for_menubar(parent)
 
       menu_name = nil
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
index 9d2213ff51..20a8d65215 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/namespace.rb
@@ -83,6 +83,20 @@ class TkNamespace < TkObject
         super(slot)
       end
     end
+    def cget_strict(slot)
+      if slot == :namespace || slot == 'namespace'
+        ns = super(slot)
+        Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.mutex.synchronize{
+          if TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL.key?(ns)
+            TkNamespace::Tk_Namespace_ID_TBL[ns]
+          else
+            ns
+          end
+        }
+      else
+        super(slot)
+      end
+    end
 
     def configinfo(slot = nil)
       if slot
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
index 8fab363121..220a38e524 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/pack.rb
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ module TkPack
 
   TkCommandNames = ['pack'.freeze].freeze
 
+=begin
   def configure(win, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
       opts = args.pop
@@ -29,6 +30,22 @@ module TkPack
     }
     tk_call_without_enc("pack", 'configure', *params)
   end
+=end
+  def configure(*args)
+    if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
+      opts = args.pop
+    else
+      opts = {}
+    end
+    fail ArgumentError, 'no widget is given' if args.empty?
+    params = []
+    args.flatten(1).each{|win| params.push(_epath(win))}
+    opts.each{|k, v|
+      params.push("-#{k}")
+      params.push(_epath(v))  # have to use 'epath' (hash_kv() is unavailable)
+    }
+    tk_call_without_enc("pack", 'configure', *params)
+  end
   alias pack configure
 
   def forget(*args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
index 2b6fdf5d90..2d08d50f6a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/palette.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module TkPalette
   ].freeze
 
   def TkPalette.set(*args)
-    args = args.to_a.flatten if args.kind_of? Hash
+    args = args[0].to_a.flatten if args[0].kind_of? Hash
     tk_call('tk_setPalette', *args)
   end
   def TkPalette.setPalette(*args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
index ba8a7e9743..030144e677 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/panedwindow.rb
@@ -76,11 +76,32 @@ class Tk::PanedWindow<TkWindow
     self
   end
 
-  def panecget(win, key)
+  def panecget_strict(win, key)
     # win = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkObject)
     win = _epath(win)
     tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('panecget', win, "-#{key}"))
   end
+  def panecget(win, key)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      panecget_strict(win, key)
+    else
+      begin
+        panecget_strict(win, key)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_paneconfiginfo(win).has_key?(option.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
   def paneconfigure(win, key, value=nil)
     # win = win.epath if win.kind_of?(TkObject)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
index bf2791ec55..7e758d92f4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scale.rb
@@ -26,9 +26,16 @@ class Tk::Scale<TkWindow
           tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
           keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
           unless keys.empty?
-            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-            tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                                *hash_kv(keys, true))
+            begin
+              tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
+            rescue
+              # cannot destroy
+              configure(keys)
+            else
+              # re-create widget
+              tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
+                                  *hash_kv(keys, true))
+            end
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
index 521fc7e400..87db46a9f9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/scrollbar.rb
@@ -31,9 +31,16 @@ class Tk::Scrollbar<TkWindow
           tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path)
           keys = __check_available_configure_options(keys)
           unless keys.empty?
-            tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
-            tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
-                                *hash_kv(keys, true))
+            begin
+              tk_call_without_enc('destroy', @path)
+            rescue
+              # cannot destroy
+              configure(keys)
+            else
+              # re-create widget
+              tk_call_without_enc(self.class::TkCommandNames[0], @path, 
+                                  *hash_kv(keys, true))
+            end
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
index e372c58009..34dc1904f7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/spinbox.rb
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class Tk::Spinbox<Tk::Entry
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ class Tk::Spinbox<Tk::Entry
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
index 14b9be23f0..4ec82bed1d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/text.rb
@@ -32,31 +32,37 @@ module TkTextTagConfig
   def tag_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['tag', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def tag_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['tag', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def tag_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
   def tag_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfiginfo(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   def current_tag_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfigure(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
+    current_itemconfiginfo(['tag', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
   def window_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['window', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def window_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['window', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def window_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
   def window_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot)
+    itemconfiginfo(['window', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   def current_window_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
-    itemconfigure(['window', tagOrId], slot)
+    current_itemconfiginfo(['window', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
@@ -403,7 +409,7 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
   end
   alias previous_mark mark_previous
 
-  def image_cget(index, slot)
+  def image_cget_strict(index, slot)
     case slot.to_s
     when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'cget', 
@@ -415,6 +421,28 @@ class Tk::Text<TkTextWin
     end
   end
 
+  def image_cget(index, slot)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+    else
+      begin
+        image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_image_configinfo(index).has_key?(slot.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def image_configure(index, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'configure', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
index d4c973213d..fb306a9c17 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textimage.rb
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ class TkTextImage<TkObject
     @t.image_cget(@index, slot)
   end
 
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    @t.image_cget_strict(@index, slot)
+  end
+
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     @t.image_configure(@index, slot, value)
     self
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
index 792d544fe7..b08d923ea1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/texttag.rb
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ class TkTextTag<TkObject
   def cget(key)
     @t.tag_cget @id, key
   end
+  def cget_strict(key)
+    @t.tag_cget_strict @id, key
+  end
 =begin
   def cget(key)
     case key.to_s
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
index a577329358..004422e4f3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/textwindow.rb
@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ class TkTextWindow<TkObject
   def cget(slot)
     @t.window_cget(@index, slot)
   end
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    @t.window_cget_strict(@index, slot)
+  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
index 3588f0c480..91840d0575 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/timer.rb
@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ class TkTimer
     if @running == false || @proc_max == 0 || @do_loop == 0
       Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
       @running = false
-      @wait_var.value = 0
+      # @wait_var.value = 0
+      __at_end__
       return
     end
     if @current_pos >= @proc_max
@@ -120,7 +121,8 @@ class TkTimer
       else
         Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
         @running = false
-        @wait_var.value = 0
+        # @wait_var.value = 0
+        __at_end__
         return
       end
     end
@@ -151,6 +153,8 @@ class TkTimer
 
     @wait_var = TkVariable.new(0)
 
+    @at_end_proc = nil
+
     @cb_cmd = TkCore::INTERP.get_cb_entry(self.method(:do_callback))
 
     @set_next = true
@@ -210,6 +214,12 @@ class TkTimer
 
   attr_accessor :loop_exec
 
+  def __at_end__
+    @at_end_proc.call(self) if @at_end_proc
+    @wait_var.value = 0  # for wait
+  end
+  private :__at_end__
+
   def cb_call
     @cb_cmd.call
   end
@@ -427,7 +437,8 @@ class TkTimer
 
   def cancel
     @running = false
-    @wait_var.value = 0
+    # @wait_var.value = 0
+    __at_end__
     tk_call 'after', 'cancel', @after_id if @after_id
     @after_id = nil
 
@@ -471,6 +482,21 @@ class TkTimer
     end
   end
 
+  def at_end(*arg, &b)
+    if arg.empty?
+      if b 
+        @at_end_proc = b
+      else 
+        # no proc
+        return @at_end_proc 
+      end
+    else
+      fail ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments" if arg.length != 1 || b
+      @at_end_proc = arg[0]
+    end
+    self
+  end
+
   def wait(on_thread = true, check_root = false)
     if $SAFE >= 4
       fail SecurityError, "can't wait timer at $SAFE >= 4"
@@ -569,7 +595,8 @@ class TkRTTimer < TkTimer
     if @running == false || @proc_max == 0 || @do_loop == 0
       Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
       @running = false
-      @wait_var.value = 0
+      # @wait_var.value = 0
+      __at_end__
       return
     end
     if @current_pos >= @proc_max
@@ -578,7 +605,8 @@ class TkRTTimer < TkTimer
       else
         Tk_CBTBL.delete(@id) ;# for GC
         @running = false
-        @wait_var.value = 0
+        # @wait_var.value = 0
+        __at_end__
         return
       end
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
index 2d99eda44c..bd6e8307f5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/toplevel.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Tk::Toplevel<TkWindow
 
     conf_methods = _symbolkey2str(__methodcall_optkeys())
 
-    keys.each{|k,v|
+    keys.each{|k,v| # k is a String
       if conf_methods.key?(k)
         wm_cmds[conf_methods[k]] = v
       elsif Wm.method_defined?(k)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
index 1da38c776d..60bd433cdc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/validation.rb
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ module Tk
       key2class.each{|key, klass|
         if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
           cmd, *args = keys[key]
-          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
         # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) ||  keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
         elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
           keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
@@ -151,7 +152,8 @@ module Tk
       key2class.each{|key, klass|
         if keys[key].kind_of?(Array)
           cmd, *args = keys[key]
-          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          #keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+          keys[key] = klass.new(cmd, *args)
         # elsif keys[key].kind_of?(Proc) || keys[key].kind_of?(Method)
         elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[key])
           keys[key] = klass.new(keys[key])
@@ -249,6 +251,7 @@ class TkValidateCommand
       nil
     ]
 
+=begin
     # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
     KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
       if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -264,6 +267,7 @@ class TkValidateCommand
       end
       inf
     }
+=end
 
     _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -293,6 +297,7 @@ class TkValidateCommand
     extra_args_tbl = klass._get_extra_args_tbl
 
     if args.compact.size > 0
+      args.map!{|arg| klass._sym2subst(arg)}
       args = args.join(' ')
       keys = klass._get_subst_key(args)
       if cmd.kind_of?(String)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
index 49dd4d73c2..0394296189 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tk/wm.rb
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ module Tk
       end
     end
     def overrideredirect(mode=TkComm::None)
-      Wm.overrideredirect(self, mode=TkComm::None)
+      Wm.overrideredirect(self, mode)
     end
     alias wm_overrideredirect overrideredirect
     TOPLEVEL_METHODCALL_OPTKEYS['overrideredirect'] = 'overrideredirect'
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ module Tk
   module Wm_for_General
     Wm.instance_methods.each{|m|
       if (m = m.to_s) =~ /^wm_(.*)$/
-        eval "def #{m}(*args); Tk::Wm.#{$1}(self, *args); end"
+        eval "def #{m}(*args, &b); Tk::Wm.#{$1}(self, *args, &b); end"
       end
     }
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
index dd387634ee..b2005b2f2b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/component.rb
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def axis_cget(id, option)
       ret = itemcget(['axis', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def axis_cget_strict(id, option)
+      ret = itemcget_strict(['axis', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def axis_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -118,6 +121,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def crosshairs_cget(option)
       itemcget('crosshairs', option)
     end
+    def crosshairs_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('crosshairs', option)
+    end
     def crosshairs_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('crosshairs', slot, value)
     end
@@ -131,6 +137,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def element_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['element', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def element_cget_strict(id, option)
+      itemcget_strict(['element', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def element_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -152,6 +161,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def bar_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['bar', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def bar_cget_strict(id, option)
+      itemcget_strict(['bar', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def bar_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -173,6 +185,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def line_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['line', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def line_cget_strict(id, option)
+      itemcget_strict(['line', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def line_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -194,6 +209,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def gridline_cget(option)
       itemcget('grid', option)
     end
+    def gridline_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('grid', option)
+    end
     def gridline_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('grid', slot, value)
     end
@@ -207,6 +225,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def legend_cget(option)
       itemcget('legend', option)
     end
+    def legend_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('legend', option)
+    end
     def legend_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('legend', slot, value)
     end
@@ -220,6 +241,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def pen_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['pen', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def pen_cget_strict(id, option)
+      itemcget_strict(['pen', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def pen_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -241,6 +265,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def postscript_cget(option)
       itemcget('postscript', option)
     end
+    def postscript_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('postscript', option)
+    end
     def postscript_configure(slot, value=None)
       itemconfigure('postscript', slot, value)
     end
@@ -254,6 +281,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def marker_cget(id, option)
       itemcget(['marker', tagid(id)], option)
     end
+    def marker_cget_strict(id, option)
+      itemcget_strict(['marker', tagid(id)], option)
+    end
     def marker_configure(*args)
       slot = args.pop
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
@@ -273,11 +303,12 @@ module Tk::BLT
     end
 
     alias __itemcget itemcget
+    alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
     alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
     private :__itemcget, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
-    def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
+    def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
       ret = __itemcget(tagid(tagOrId), option)
       if option == 'bindtags' || option == :bindtags
         ret.collect{|tag| TkBindTag.id2obj(tag)}
@@ -285,6 +316,27 @@ module Tk::BLT
         ret
       end
     end
+    def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
+      unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+        itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+      else
+        begin
+          itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+        rescue => e
+          begin
+            if current_itemconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
+              # error on known option
+              fail e
+            else
+              # unknown option
+              nil
+            end
+          rescue
+            fail e  # tag error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
     def itemconfiginfo(tagOrId, slot = nil)
       ret = __itemconfiginfo(tagid(tagOrId), slot)
 
@@ -321,8 +373,8 @@ module Tk::BLT
       ret
     end
 
-    private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-    private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+    private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+    private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
     #################
 
@@ -428,6 +480,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.axis_cget(@id, option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.axis_cget_strict(@id, option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.axis_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -530,6 +585,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.crosshair_cget(option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.crosshair_cget_strict(option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.crosshair_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -675,6 +733,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
         # @chart.element_cget(@id, option)
         @chart.__send__(@typename + '_cget', @id, option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.__send__(@typename + '_cget_strict', @id, option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         # @chart.element_configure(@id, key, value)
         @chart.__send__(@typename + '_configure', @id, key, value)
@@ -775,6 +836,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.gridline_cget(option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.gridline_cget_strict(option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.gridline_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -846,6 +910,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.legend_cget(option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.legend_cget_strict(option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.legend_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -972,6 +1039,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.pen_cget(@id, option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.pen_cget_strict(@id, option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.pen_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -1039,6 +1109,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.postscript_cget(option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.postscript_cget_strict(option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.postscript_configure(key, value)
         self
@@ -1117,6 +1190,13 @@ module Tk::BLT
             fontkeys[fkey] = keys.delete(fkey) if keys.key?(fkey)
           }
 
+          __item_optkey_aliases(nil).each{|alias_name, real_name|
+            alias_name = alias_name.to_s
+            if keys.has_key?(alias_name)
+              keys[real_name.to_s] = keys.delete(alias_name)
+            end
+          }
+
           __item_methodcall_optkeys(nil).each{|key|
             key = key.to_s
             methodkeys[key] = keys.delete(key) if keys.key?(key)
@@ -1192,6 +1272,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(option)
         @chart.marker_cget(@id, option)
       end
+      def cget_strict(option)
+        @chart.marker_cget_strict(@id, option)
+      end
       def configure(key, value=None)
         @chart.marker_configure(@id, key, value)
         self
@@ -1774,6 +1857,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def xaxis_cget(option)
       itemcget('xaxis', option)
     end
+    def xaxis_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('xaxis', option)
+    end
     def xaxis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -1843,6 +1929,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def x2axis_cget(option)
       itemcget('x2axis', option)
     end
+    def x2axis_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('x2axis', option)
+    end
     def x2axis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -1912,6 +2001,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def yaxis_cget(option)
       itemcget('yaxis', option)
     end
+    def yaxis_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('yaxis', option)
+    end
     def yaxis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
@@ -1981,6 +2073,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
     def y2axis_cget(option)
       itemcget('y2axis', option)
     end
+    def y2axis_cget_strict(option)
+      itemcget_strict('y2axis', option)
+    end
     def y2axis_configure(slot, value=None)
       if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
         slot = _symbolkey2str(slot)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
index 98b1a4832f..201548504a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/dragdrop.rb
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
           nil
         ]
 
+=begin
         # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
         KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
           if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
           end
           inf
         }
+=end
 
         _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
 
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
           nil
         ]
 
+=begin
         # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
         KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
           if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
           end
           inf
         }
+=end
 
         _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
 
@@ -177,6 +181,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -192,6 +197,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL)
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
index a0cf3dc036..0d9cb30185 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/htext.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
     alias window_cget itemcget
+    alias window_cget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias window_configure itemconfigure
     alias window_configuinfo itemconfiginfo
     alias current_window_configuinfo current_itemconfiginfo
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
index 0be9d8d42a..dfa10269ed 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/table.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def blt_table_cget(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.cget(self, *args)
       end
+      def blt_table_cget_strict(*args)
+        Tk::BLT::Table.cget_strict(self, *args)
+      end
 
       def blt_table_configure(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.configure(self, *args)
@@ -92,6 +95,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def blt_table_itemcget(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.itemcget(self, *args)
       end
+      def blt_table_itemcget_strict(*args)
+        Tk::BLT::Table.itemcget_strict(self, *args)
+      end
 
       def blt_table_itemconfigure(*args)
         Tk::BLT::Table.itemconfigure(self, *args)
@@ -136,12 +142,13 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   private :__item_pathname
 
   alias __itemcget itemcget
+  alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias __itemconfigure itemconfigure
   alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :__itemcget, :__itemconfigure
-  private :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :__itemcget, :__itemcget_strict
+  private :__itemconfigure, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
   def __boolval_optkeys
     super() << 'propagate'
@@ -176,6 +183,9 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   def cget(container, option)
     __itemcget([container], option)
   end
+  def cget_strict(container, option)
+    __itemcget_strict([container], option)
+  end
 
   def configure(container, *args)
     __itemconfigure([container], *args)
@@ -192,6 +202,9 @@ class << Tk::BLT::Table
   def itemcget(container, item, option)
     __itemcget([container, tagid(item)], option)
   end
+  def itemcget_strict(container, item, option)
+    __itemcget_strict([container, tagid(item)], option)
+  end
 
   def itemconfigure(container, *args)
     if args[-1].kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
index 1a0f312c4c..ca81ad8f95 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/tabset.rb
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ module Tk::BLT
       def cget(*args)
         @t.tab_cget(@id, *args)
       end
+      def cget_strict(*args)
+        @t.tab_cget_strict(@id, *args)
+      end
       def configure(*args)
         @t.tab_configure(@id, *args)
       end
@@ -240,6 +243,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
     private :__item_pathname
 
     alias tab_cget itemcget
+    alias tab_cget_strict itemcget_strict
     alias tab_configure itemconfigure
     alias tab_configinfo itemconfiginfo
     alias current_tab_configinfo current_itemconfiginfo
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
index 39495842b4..670265fc78 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/ted.rb
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
       end
       private :__item_config_cmd
 
-      private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-      private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+      private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+      private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
       def cget(master, option)
-        itemconfigure(master, slot, value)
+        itemcget(master, option)
+      end
+      def cget_strict(master, option)
+        itemcget_strict(master, option)
       end
       def configure(master, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(master, slot, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
index fc890614be..c5a5697186 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/treeview.rb
@@ -98,6 +98,9 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def column_cget(name, option)
     itemcget(['column', name], option)
   end
+  def column_cget_strict(name, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['column', name], option)
+  end
   def column_configure(name, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', name], slot, value)
   end
@@ -111,6 +114,9 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def button_cget(option)
     itemcget('button', option)
   end
+  def button_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('button', option)
+  end
   def button_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('button', slot, value)
   end
@@ -129,6 +135,14 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
       ret
     end
   end
+  def entry_cget_strict(option)
+    ret = itemcget_strict('entry', option)
+    if option == 'bindtags' || option == :bindtags
+      ret.collect{|tag| TkBindTag.id2obj(tag)}
+    else
+      ret
+    end
+  end
   def entry_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('entry', slot, value)
   end
@@ -170,6 +184,9 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def sort_cget(option)
     itemcget('sort', option)
   end
+  def sort_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('sort', option)
+  end
   def sort_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('sort', slot, value)
   end
@@ -183,6 +200,9 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
   def text_cget(option)
     itemcget('text', option)
   end
+  def text_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('text', option)
+  end
   def text_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('text', slot, value)
   end
@@ -193,8 +213,8 @@ module Tk::BLT::Treeview::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo('text', slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::BLT::Treeview
@@ -239,6 +259,7 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -254,6 +275,7 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -492,6 +514,7 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -507,6 +530,7 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -523,7 +547,8 @@ class Tk::BLT::Treeview
   def _find_exec_flag_value(val)
     if val.kind_of?(Array)
       cmd, *args = val
-      FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+      #FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+      FindExecFlagValue.new(cmd, *args)
     elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(val)
       FindExecFlagValue.new(val)
     else
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
index 3130c1e56f..445002d7a5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/unix_dnd.rb
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@ module Tk::BLT
       end
       private :__item_config_cmd
 
-      private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-      private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+      private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+      private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
       def cget(win, option)
-        itemconfigure(['cget', win], slot, value)
+        itemcget(['cget', win], option)
+      end
+      def cget_strict(win, option)
+        itemcget_strict(['cget', win], option)
       end
       def configure(win, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(['configure', win], slot, value)
@@ -46,8 +49,11 @@ module Tk::BLT
         current_itemconfiginfo(['configure', win], slot)
       end
 
-      def tokwn_cget(win, option)
-        itemconfigure(['token', 'cget', win], slot, value)
+      def token_cget(win, option)
+        itemcget(['token', 'cget', win], option)
+      end
+      def token_cget_strict(win, option)
+        itemcget_strict(['token', 'cget', win], option)
       end
       def token_configure(win, slot, value=None)
         itemconfigure(['token', 'configure', win], slot, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
index 2daf417e0b..219ff78e97 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/blt/watch.rb
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ module Tk::BLT
         end
       end
     end
-    def cget(key)
+    def cget_strict(key)
       key = key.to_s
       begin
         info.assoc(key)[1]
@@ -154,5 +154,22 @@ module Tk::BLT
         fail ArgumentError, "unknown option '#{key}'"
       end
     end
+    def cget(key)
+      unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+        cget_strict(key)
+      else
+        begin
+          cget_strict(key)
+        rescue => e
+          if current_configinfo.has_key?(key.to_s)
+            # error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # unknown option
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
index 0ddee21d05..291ca4a962 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dialog.rb
@@ -59,6 +59,13 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Dialog
     end
   end
 
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    if slot.to_s == 'relative'
+      super('parent')
+    else
+      super(slot)
+    end
+  end
   def cget(slot)
     if slot.to_s == 'relative'
       super('parent')
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
index 224304f2ab..846e58062d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/dynamichelp.rb
@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ module Tk::BWidget::DynamicHelp
     ['DynamicHelp::configure']
   end
 
+  def self.cget_strict(slot)
+    slot = slot.to_s
+    info = {}
+    self.current_configinfo.each{|k,v| info[k.to_s] = v if k.to_s == slot}
+    fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"-#{slot}\""  if info.empty?
+    info.values[0]
+  end
   def self.cget(slot)
     self.current_configinfo(slot).values[0]
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
index d8cd72fec2..093fcb6fb3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/listbox.rb
@@ -297,6 +297,9 @@ class Tk::BWidget::ListBox::Item
   def cget(key)
     @listbox.itemcget(@id, key)
   end
+  def cget_strict(key)
+    @listbox.itemcget_strict(@id, key)
+  end
 
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @listbox.itemconfigure(@id, key, val)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
index cc8a996f46..b88461baf7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/messagedlg.rb
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ class Tk::BWidget::MessageDlg
     end
     @keys[slot]
   end
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    slot = slot.to_s
+    if slot == 'relative'
+      slot = 'parent'
+    end
+    if winfo_exist?
+      val = super(slot)
+      @keys[slot] = val
+    end
+    @keys[slot]
+  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if winfo_exist?
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
index 7a46db575e..aed4512a73 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/tree.rb
@@ -358,6 +358,9 @@ class Tk::BWidget::Tree::Node
   def cget(key)
     @tree.itemcget(@id, key)
   end
+  def cget_strict(key)
+    @tree.itemcget_strict(@id, key)
+  end
 
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @tree.itemconfigure(@id, key, val)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
index 34e51308a5..a93364b567 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/bwidget/widget.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ module Tk::BWidget::Widget
     ['Widget::configure']
   end
 
+  def self.cget_strict(slot)
+    slot = slot.to_s
+    info = {}
+    self.current_configinfo.each{|k,v| info[k.to_s] = v if k.to_s == slot}
+    fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"-#{slot}\""  if info.empty?
+    info.values[0]
+  end
   def self.cget(slot)
     self.current_configinfo(slot).values[0]
   end
@@ -105,9 +112,12 @@ module Tk::BWidget::Widget
     tk_call('Widget::setoption', win, option, value)
   end
 
-  def self.sub_cget(win, subwidget)
+  def self.sub_cget_strict(win, subwidget)
     tk_call('Widget::subcget', win, subwidget)
   end
+  def self.sub_cget(win, subwidget)
+    self.sub_cget_strict(win, subwidget)
+  end
 
   def self.sync_options(klass, subclass, subpath, options)
     tk_call('Widget::syncoptions', klass, subclass, subpath, options)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
index a055e07ac9..05d58c386f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/buttonbox.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Buttonbox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
+  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
index 236ca96f00..8495f0e29b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/calendar.rb
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Calendar
       KEY_TBL  = [ [?d, ?s, :date], nil ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Calendar
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
index 7d2b41f806..c85d356c55 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/checkbox.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Checkbox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
+  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
index d6c668621d..8d43cc07ab 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/dialogshell.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Dialogshell
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
+  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
index 1f9effb46e..d53df216bf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/entryfield.rb
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Entryfield
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Entryfield
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
index 4e7d8f8579..d9220fecbf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/hierarchy.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
       KEY_TBL  = [ [?n, ?s, :node], nil ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -112,6 +116,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
       ]
       PROC_TBL = [ [ ?s, TkComm.method(:string) ], nil ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Hierarchy
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
index dea3d34c2a..5aaefbe50d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/menubar.rb
@@ -62,12 +62,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Menubar
   end
 
   alias menucget itemcget
+  alias menucget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias menuconfigure itemconfigure
   alias menuconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_menuconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
index 2bbbec7666..98ac32900c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/messagebox.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Messagebox
   private :__item_boolval_optkeys
 
   alias typecget itemcget
+  alias typecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias typeconfigure itemconfigure
   alias typeconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_typeconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
index 268452afec..03b50633df 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/notebook.rb
@@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Notebook
   end
 
   alias pagecget itemcget
+  alias pagecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias pageconfigure itemconfigure
   alias pageconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_pageconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
index 035df0a5b8..3bf73d69fe 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/panedwindow.rb
@@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Panedwindow
   end
 
   alias panecget itemcget
+  alias panecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias paneconfigure itemconfigure
   alias paneconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_paneconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
index cfcbca1aad..e9d9521252 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/radiobox.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Radiobox
   end
 
   alias buttoncget itemcget
+  alias buttoncget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias buttonconfigure itemconfigure
   alias buttonconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_buttonconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
index b07602e340..67ad67d07e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledcanvas.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledcanvas
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @canvas.methods.include?(id.id2name)
+    if @canvas.respond_to?(id)
       @canvas.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
index cd1f6f0f79..7543d557e3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledlistbox.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledlistbox
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @listbox.methods.include?(id.id2name)
+    if @listbox.respond_to?(id)
       @listbox.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
index 2887b60815..d6436d202a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/scrolledtext.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
   end
 
   def method_missing(id, *args)
-    if @text.methods.include?(id.id2name)
+    if @text.respond_to?(id)
       @text.__send__(id, *args)
     else
       super(id, *args)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
     get('-displaychars', *index)
   end
 
-  def image_cget(index, slot)
+  def image_cget_strict(index, slot)
     case slot.to_s
     when 'text', 'label', 'show', 'data', 'file'
       _fromUTF8(tk_send_without_enc('image', 'cget', 
@@ -127,6 +127,27 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Scrolledtext
                                                 "-#{slot}")))
     end
   end
+  def image_cget(index, slot)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+    else
+      begin
+        image_cget_strict(index, slot)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_image_configinfo.has_key?(slot.to_s)
+            # error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # unknown option
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
 
   def image_configure(index, slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of? Hash
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
index 126cfe7c95..aeee5c9038 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/spinner.rb
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Spinner
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Spinner
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
index 382604102e..dbb90e5102 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabnotebook.rb
@@ -47,12 +47,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabnotebook
   end
 
   alias pagecget itemcget
+  alias pagecget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias pageconfigure itemconfigure
   alias pageconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_pageconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
index 618260e8e3..300ba9dee0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/iwidgets/tabset.rb
@@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ class Tk::Iwidgets::Tabset
   end
 
   alias tabcget itemcget
+  alias tabcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias tabconfigure itemconfigure
   alias tabconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_tabconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 
   ####################################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
index bf5e54e8cf..fc5d8b26d9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/getstring.rb
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::GetString_Dialog
     @variable.value
   end
 
-  def cget(slot)
+  def cget_strict(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
     if slot == 'text'
       @text
@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::GetString_Dialog
       @keys[slot]
     end
   end
+  def cget(slot)
+    cget_strict(slot)
+  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
index 97de0a27c1..1c813e36da 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/swaplist.rb
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::Swaplist_Dialog
   end
   alias selected value
 
-  def cget(slot)
+  def cget_strict(slot)
     slot = slot.to_s
     if slot == 'complete_list'
       @complete_list
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ class Tk::Tcllib::Swaplist_Dialog
       @keys[slot]
     end
   end
+  def cget(slot)
+    cget_strict(slot)
+  end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
index a939a58331..d7a6c97210 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tcllib/tablelist_core.rb
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def cell_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['cell', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def cell_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['cell', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def cell_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['cell', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['cell', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias cellcget cell_cget
+  alias cellcget_strict cell_cget_strict
   alias cellconfigure cell_configure
   alias cellconfiginfo cell_configinfo
   alias current_cellconfiginfo current_cell_configinfo
@@ -87,6 +91,9 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def column_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['column', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def column_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['column', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def column_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['column', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias columncget column_cget
+  alias columncget_strict column_cget_strict
   alias columnconfigure column_configure
   alias columnconfiginfo column_configinfo
   alias current_columnconfiginfo current_column_configinfo
@@ -104,6 +112,9 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
   def row_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['row', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def row_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['row', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def row_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['row', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -114,12 +125,13 @@ module Tk::Tcllib::TablelistItemConfig
     current_itemconfiginfo(['row', tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias rowcget row_cget
+  alias rowcget_strict row_cget_strict
   alias rowconfigure row_configure
   alias rowconfiginfo row_configinfo
   alias current_rowconfiginfo current_row_configinfo
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 class Tk::Tcllib::Tablelist
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
index 02473d57a1..60ea012cc0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile.rb
@@ -133,7 +133,11 @@ module Tk
       ns_list.each{|ns|
         cmd = "#{ns}::#{proc_name}"
         unless Tk.info(:commands, cmd).empty?
-          fail RuntimeError, "can't define '#{cmd}' command (already exist)"
+          #fail RuntimeError, "can't define '#{cmd}' command (already exist)"
+
+          # do nothing !!!
+          warn "Warning: can't define '#{cmd}' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
+          next
         end
         TkNamespace.eval(ns){
           TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs(proc_name, 'imgdir {patterns {*.gif}}', 
@@ -197,6 +201,38 @@ module Tk
       args.map!{|arg| TkComm._get_eval_string(arg)}.join('.')
     end
 
+    def self.themes(glob_ptn = nil)
+      if TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8 && Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::themes').empty?
+        fail RuntimeError, 'not support glob option' if glob_ptn
+        cmd = ['::tile::availableThemes']
+      else
+        glob_ptn = '*' unless glob_ptn
+        cmd = ['::ttk::themes', glob_ptn]
+      end
+
+      begin
+        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call_without_enc(*cmd))
+      rescue
+        TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('lsearch', '-all', '-inline', 
+                                     Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names, 
+                                     glob_ptn))
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.set_theme(theme)
+      if TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8 && Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::setTheme').empty?
+        cmd = '::tile::setTheme'
+      else
+        cmd = '::ttk::setTheme'
+      end
+
+      begin
+        Tk.tk_call_without_enc(cmd, theme)
+      rescue
+        Tk::Tile::Style.theme_use(theme)
+      end
+    end
+
     module KeyNav
       if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 8
         def self.enableMnemonics(w)
@@ -328,12 +364,16 @@ module Tk
 
     autoload :TLabelframe,   'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
     autoload :Labelframe,    'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
+    autoload :TLabelFrame,   'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
+    autoload :LabelFrame,    'tkextlib/tile/tlabelframe'
 
     autoload :TLabel,        'tkextlib/tile/tlabel'
     autoload :Label,         'tkextlib/tile/tlabel'
 
     autoload :TMenubutton,   'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
     autoload :Menubutton,    'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
+    autoload :TMenuButton,   'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
+    autoload :MenuButton,    'tkextlib/tile/tmenubutton'
 
     autoload :TNotebook,     'tkextlib/tile/tnotebook'
     autoload :Notebook,      'tkextlib/tile/tnotebook'
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
index b10378d7de..ef2d1fe577 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/dialog.rb
@@ -54,9 +54,21 @@ class Tk::Tile::Dialog
     window(tk_call_without_enc('::ttk::dialog::clientframe', @path))
   end
 
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    @keys[slot.to_s]
+  end
+  def cget(slot)
+    @keys[slot.to_s]
+  end
+=begin
   def cget(slot)
-    @keys[slot]
+    unless TkConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      cget_strict(slot)
+    else
+      cget_strict(slot) rescue nil
+    end
   end
+=end
 
   def configure(slot, value=None)
     if slot.kind_of?(Hash)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
index bf8acb34b0..ca7ee99c32 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/style.rb
@@ -33,9 +33,15 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     # conflict with some definitions on Tcl/Tk scripts. 
     if Tk::Tile::TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID < 7
       def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
+        __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
+
         unless Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::style').empty?
-          fail RuntimeError,
-               "can't define ':ttk::style' command (already exist)"
+          # fail RuntimeError,
+          #      "can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)"
+
+          # do nothing !!!
+          warn "Warning: can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
+          return
         end
         TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
         if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
@@ -55,9 +61,15 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
       end
     else ### TILE_SPEC_VERSION_ID == 7
       def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
+        __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
+
         unless Tk.info(:commands, '::ttk::style').empty?
-          fail RuntimeError,
-               "can't define ':ttk::style' command (already exist)"
+          # fail RuntimeError,
+          #     "can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)"
+
+          # do nothing !!!
+          warn "Warning: can't define '::ttk::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
+          return
         end
         TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
         if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
@@ -83,8 +95,14 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     TkCommandNames = ['::ttk::style'.freeze].freeze
 
     def __define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
+      __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
+
       unless Tk.info(:commands, '::style').empty?
-        fail RuntimeError, "can't define '::style' command (already exist)"
+        # fail RuntimeError, "can't define '::style' command (already exist)"
+
+        # do nothing !!!
+        warn "Warning: can't define '::style' command (already exist)" if $DEBUG
+        return
       end
       TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::style', 'args', <<-'EOS')
         if [string equal [lrange $args 0 1] {element create}] {
@@ -108,6 +126,36 @@ class << Tk::Tile::Style
     end
   end
 
+  def __define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
+    TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::themes', '{ptn *}', <<-'EOS')
+      #set themes [list]
+      set themes [::ttk::style theme names]
+      foreach pkg [lsearch -inline -all -glob [package names] ttk::theme::$ptn] {
+          set theme [namespace tail $pkg]
+          if {[lsearch -exact $themes $theme] < 0} {
+              lappend themes $theme
+          }
+      }
+      foreach pkg [lsearch -inline -all -glob [package names] tile::theme::$ptn] {
+          set theme [namespace tail $pkg]
+          if {[lsearch -exact $themes $theme] < 0} {
+              lappend themes $theme
+          }
+      }
+      return $themes
+    EOS
+    #########################
+    TkCore::INTERP.add_tk_procs('::ttk::setTheme', 'theme', <<-'EOS')
+      variable currentTheme
+      if {[lsearch -exact [::ttk::style theme names] $theme] < 0} {
+          package require [lsearch -inline -regexp [package names] (ttk|tile)::theme::$theme]
+      }
+      ::ttk::style theme use $theme
+      set currentTheme $theme
+    EOS
+  end
+  private :__define_themes_and_setTheme_proc__!
+
   def configure(style=nil, keys=nil)
     if style.kind_of?(Hash)
       keys = style
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
index 4b221fcb88..0bea98dcd9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tentry.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ class Tk::Tile::TEntry < Tk::Entry
   WidgetClassName = 'TEntry'.freeze
   WidgetClassNames[WidgetClassName] = self
 
+  def __optkey_aliases
+    {:vcmd=>:validatecommand, :invcmd=>:invalidcommand}
+  end
+  private :__optkey_aliases
+
   def __boolval_optkeys
     super() << 'exportselection'
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
index 76f225c579..4d65e363da 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tnotebook.rb
@@ -41,13 +41,35 @@ class Tk::Tile::TNotebook < TkWindow
   private :__item_methodcall_optkeys
 
   #alias tabcget itemcget
+  #alias tabcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias tabconfigure itemconfigure
   alias tabconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias current_tabconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  def tabcget(tagOrId, option)
+  def tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
     tabconfigure(tagOrId, option)[-1]
   end
+  def tabcget(tagOrId, option)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    else
+      begin
+        tabcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_tabconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
   ################################
 
   include Tk::Tile::TileWidget
@@ -77,9 +99,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::TNotebook < TkWindow
 
   def add(child, keys=nil)
     if keys && keys != None
-      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(child), *hash_kv(keys))
+      tk_send('add', _epath(child), *hash_kv(keys))
     else
-      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(child))
+      tk_send('add', _epath(child))
     end
     self
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
index 342b54d253..d96ff43973 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/tpaned.rb
@@ -36,9 +36,21 @@ class Tk::Tile::TPaned < TkWindow
     [self::WidgetClassName, *(args.map!{|a| _get_eval_string(a)})].join('.')
   end
 
-  def add(win, keys)
-    win = _epath(win)
-    tk_send_without_enc('add', win, *hash_kv(keys))
+  def add(*args)
+    keys = args.pop
+    fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" unless keys
+
+    if keys && keys.kind_of?(Hash)
+      fail ArgumentError, "no window in arguments" if args == []
+      opts = hash_kv(keys)
+    else
+      args.push(keys) if keys
+      opts = []
+    end
+
+    args.each{|win|
+      tk_send_without_enc('add', _epath(win), *opts)
+    }
     self
   end
 
@@ -54,10 +66,33 @@ class Tk::Tile::TPaned < TkWindow
     self
   end
 
-  def panecget(pane, slot)
+  def panecget_strict(pane, slot)
     pane = _epath(pane)
     tk_tcl2ruby(tk_send_without_enc('pane', pane, "-#{slot}"))
   end
+  alias pane_cget_strict panecget_strict
+
+  def panecget(pane, slot)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      panecget_strict(pane, slot)
+    else
+      begin
+        panecget_strict(pane, slot)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_paneconfiginfo(pane).has_key?(slot.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
   alias pane_cget panecget
 
   def paneconfigure(pane, key, value=nil)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
index 7f31b9c233..c978a1a07b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tile/treeview.rb
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__tile_specific_item_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).join('|')})$/
             begin
@@ -198,6 +204,12 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
       else
         if slot
           slot = slot.to_s
+
+          alias_name, real_name = __item_optkey_aliases(tagid(tagOrId)).find{|k, v| k.to_s == slot}
+          if real_name
+            slot = real_name.to_s
+          end
+
           case slot
           when /^(#{__tile_specific_item_optkeys(tagid(tagOrId)).join('|')})$/
             begin
@@ -508,17 +520,21 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   end
 
   alias __itemcget itemcget
+  alias __itemcget_strict itemcget_strict
   alias __itemconfigure itemconfigure
   alias __itemconfiginfo itemconfiginfo
   alias __current_itemconfiginfo current_itemconfiginfo
 
-  private :__itemcget, :__itemconfigure
-  private :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :__itemcget, :__itemcget_strict
+  private :__itemconfigure, :__itemconfiginfo, :__current_itemconfiginfo
 
   # Treeview Item
   def itemcget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:item, tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def itemcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    __itemcget_strict([:item, tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def itemconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:item, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -533,6 +549,9 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   def columncget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:column, tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def columncget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    __itemcget_strict([:column, tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def columnconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:column, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -543,12 +562,13 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:column, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias column_cget columncget
+  alias column_cget_strict columncget_strict
   alias column_configure columnconfigure
   alias column_configinfo columnconfiginfo
   alias current_column_configinfo current_columnconfiginfo
 
   # Treeview Heading
-  def headingcget(tagOrId, option)
+  def headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
     if __tile_specific_item_optkeys([:heading, tagOrId]).index(option.to_s)
       begin
         # On tile-0.7.{2-8}, 'state' options has no '-' at its head.
@@ -558,7 +578,28 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
         tk_call(*(__item_cget_cmd([:heading, tagOrId]) << "-#{option}"))
       end
     else
-      __itemcget([:heading, tagOrId], option)
+      __itemcget_strict([:heading, tagOrId], option)
+    end
+  end
+  def headingcget(tagOrId, option)
+    unless TkItemConfigMethod.__IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__
+      headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    else
+      begin
+        headingcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+      rescue => e
+        begin
+          if current_headingconfiginfo(tagOrId).has_key?(option.to_s)
+            # not tag error & option is known -> error on known option
+            fail e
+          else
+            # not tag error & option is unknown
+            nil
+          end
+        rescue
+          fail e  # tag error
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
   def headingconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
@@ -590,6 +631,7 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:heading, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias heading_cget headingcget
+  alias heading_cget_strict headingcget_strict
   alias heading_configure headingconfigure
   alias heading_configinfo headingconfiginfo
   alias current_heading_configinfo current_headingconfiginfo
@@ -598,6 +640,9 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
   def tagcget(tagOrId, option)
     __itemcget([:tag, tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def tagcget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    __itemcget_strict([:tag, tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def tagconfigure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     __itemconfigure([:tag, tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -608,6 +653,7 @@ module Tk::Tile::TreeviewConfig
     __current_itemconfiginfo([:tag, tagOrId], slot)
   end
   alias tag_cget tagcget
+  alias tag_cget_strict tagcget_strict
   alias tag_configure tagconfigure
   alias tag_configinfo tagconfiginfo
   alias current_tag_configinfo current_tagconfiginfo
@@ -694,6 +740,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Item < TkObject
   def cget(option)
     @t.itemcget(@id, option)
   end
+  def cget_strict(option)
+    @t.itemcget_strict(@id, option)
+  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @t.itemconfigure(@id, key, value)
@@ -933,6 +982,9 @@ class Tk::Tile::Treeview::Tag < TkObject
   def cget(option)
     @t.tagcget(@id, option)
   end
+  def cget_strict(option)
+    @t.tagcget_strict(@id, option)
+  end
 
   def configure(key, value=None)
     @t.tagconfigure(@id, key, value)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
index 570c93b0d9..d44068ed33 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/shape.rb
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ require 'tkextlib/setup.rb'
 # call setup script
 require 'tkextlib/tkDND/setup.rb'
 
-# TkPackage.require('shape', '0.3')
-TkPackage.require('shape')
+# TkPackage.require('Shape', '0.3')
+TkPackage.require('Shape')
 
 module Tk
   module TkDND
     module Shape
       extend TkCore
 
-      PACKAGE_NAME = 'shape'.freeze
+      PACKAGE_NAME = 'Shape'.freeze
       def self.package_name
         PACKAGE_NAME
       end
@@ -27,26 +27,28 @@ module Tk
 =begin
       def self.package_version
         begin
-          TkPackage.require('shape')
+          TkPackage.require('Shape')
         rescue
           ''
         end
       end
 =end
-      def self.package_version
-        Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_version')
-      end
-      alias shape_version package_version
+      class << self
+        def package_version
+          Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_version')
+        end
+        alias shape_version package_version
 
-      def self.package_patchlevel
-        Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_patchlevel')
-      end
-      alias shape_patchlevel package_patchlevel
+        def package_patchlevel
+          Tk.tk_call('set', 'shape_patchLevel')
+        end
+        alias shape_patchlevel package_patchlevel
 
-      def self.version
-        tk_call('shape', 'version')
+        def version
+          tk_call('shape', 'version')
+        end
+        alias xshape_version version
       end
-      alias xshape_version version
 
       ############################
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
index ea91d3d1f4..9a9b2dc42c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tkDND/tkdnd.rb
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ module Tk
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ module Tk
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       # setup tables
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
index fb8a8b0f72..f6cf24b40f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/tktable/tktable.rb
@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
   def tag_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
   end
+  def tag_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
+  end
   def tag_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['tag', tagid(tagOrId)], slot, value)
   end
@@ -90,6 +93,9 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
   def window_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
   end
+  def window_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], option)
+  end
   def window_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     if slot == :window || slot == 'window'
       value = _epath(value)
@@ -108,8 +114,8 @@ module Tk::TkTable::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo(['window', tagid(tagOrId)], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 #####################################################
@@ -194,6 +200,9 @@ class Tk::TkTable::CellTag
   def cget(key)
     @t.tag_cget(@id, key)
   end
+  def cget_strict(key)
+    @t.tag_cget_strict(@id, key)
+  end
   def configure(key, val=None)
     @t.tag_configure(@id, key, val)
   end
@@ -291,6 +300,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -306,6 +316,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -340,6 +351,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -355,6 +367,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -387,6 +400,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -402,6 +416,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -437,6 +452,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -452,6 +468,7 @@ class Tk::TkTable
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
     end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
index b72b157dcd..e10e6e299e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/treectrl/tktreectrl.rb
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::NotifyEvent
     nil
   ]
 
+=begin
   # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
   KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
     if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::NotifyEvent
     end
     inf
   }
+=end
 
   # setup tables to be used by scan_args, _get_subst_key, _get_all_subst_keys
   #
@@ -415,6 +417,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def column_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['column', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def column_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['column', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def column_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -428,6 +433,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def column_dragcget(option)
     itemcget(['column', 'drag'], option)
   end
+  def column_dragcget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict(['column', 'drag'], option)
+  end
   def column_dragconfigure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['column', 'drag'], slot, value)
   end
@@ -441,6 +449,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def debug_cget(option)
     itemcget('debug', option)
   end
+  def debug_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('debug', option)
+  end
   def debug_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('debug', slot, value)
   end
@@ -454,6 +465,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def dragimage_cget(option)
     itemcget('dragimage', option)
   end
+  def dragimage_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('dragimage', option)
+  end
   def dragimage_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('dragimage', slot, value)
   end
@@ -467,6 +481,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def element_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['element', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def element_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['element', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def element_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['element', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -480,6 +497,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def item_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['item', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def item_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['item', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def item_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['item', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -493,6 +513,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def item_element_cget(item, column, elem, option)
     itemcget([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], option)
   end
+  def item_element_cget_strict(item, column, elem, option)
+    itemcget_strict([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], option)
+  end
   def item_element_configure(item, column, elem, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure([['item', 'element'], [item, column, elem]], slot, value)
   end
@@ -506,6 +529,9 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
   def marquee_cget(option)
     itemcget('marquee', option)
   end
+  def marquee_cget_strict(option)
+    itemcget_strict('marquee', option)
+  end
   def marquee_configure(slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure('marquee', slot, value)
   end
@@ -518,7 +544,19 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
 
   def notify_cget(win, pattern, option)
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
-    itemconfigure(['notify', [win, pattern]], option)
+    # "notify" doesn't have cget subcommand.
+    current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]])[option.to_s]
+  end
+  def notify_cget_strict(win, pattern, option)
+    pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
+    # "notify" doesn't have cget subcommand.
+    info = current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]])
+    option = option.to_s
+    unless info.has_key?(option)
+      fail RuntimeError, "unknown option \"#{option}\""
+    else
+      info[option]
+    end
   end
   def notify_configure(win, pattern, slot, value=None)
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
@@ -528,11 +566,17 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
     pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
     itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]], slot)
   end
-  alias current_notify_configinfo notify_configinfo
+  def current_notify_configinfo(tagOrId, slot=nil)
+    pattern = "<#{pattern}>"
+    current_itemconfiginfo(['notify', [win, pattern]], slot)
+  end
 
   def style_cget(tagOrId, option)
     itemcget(['style', tagOrId], option)
   end
+  def style_cget_strict(tagOrId, option)
+    itemcget_strict(['style', tagOrId], option)
+  end
   def style_configure(tagOrId, slot, value=None)
     itemconfigure(['style', tagOrId], slot, value)
   end
@@ -543,8 +587,8 @@ module Tk::TreeCtrl::ConfigMethod
     current_itemconfiginfo(['style', tagOrId], slot)
   end
 
-  private :itemcget, :itemconfigure
-  private :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
+  private :itemcget, :itemcget_strict
+  private :itemconfigure, :itemconfiginfo, :current_itemconfiginfo
 end
 
 ##############################################
@@ -1700,6 +1744,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Column < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.column_cget(@tree.column_index(@id), opt)
   end
+  def cget_strict(opt)
+    @tree.column_cget_strict(@tree.column_index(@id), opt)
+  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.column_configure(@tree.column_index(@id), *args)
@@ -1800,6 +1847,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Element < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.element_cget(@id, opt)
   end
+  def cget_strict(opt)
+    @tree.element_cget_strict(@id, opt)
+  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.element_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -1931,6 +1981,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.item_cget(@id, opt)
   end
+  def cget_strict(opt)
+    @tree.item_cget_strict(@id, opt)
+  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.item_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -1964,6 +2017,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Item < TkObject
   def element_cget(opt)
     @tree.item_element_cget(@id, opt)
   end
+  def element_cget_strict(opt)
+    @tree.item_element_cget_strict(@id, opt)
+  end
 
   def element_configure(*args)
     @tree.item_element_configure(@id, *args)
@@ -2215,6 +2271,9 @@ class Tk::TreeCtrl::Style < TkObject
   def cget(opt)
     @tree.style_cget(@id, opt)
   end
+  def cget_strict(opt)
+    @tree.style_cget_strict(@id, opt)
+  end
 
   def configure(*args)
     @tree.style_configure(@id, *args)
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
index 3542c79dbe..434ed11a2e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/version.rb
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # release date of tkextlib
 #
 module Tk
-  Tkextlib_RELEASE_DATE = '2008-03-29'.freeze
+  Tkextlib_RELEASE_DATE = '2008-05-23'.freeze
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
index 1975803db1..c1fb6857bf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/vu/pie.rb
@@ -177,6 +177,10 @@ class Tk::Vu::PieSlice
     @pie.itemcget(@id, slot)
   end
 
+  def cget_strict(slot)
+    @pie.itemcget_strict(@id, slot)
+  end
+
   def configure(*args)
     @pie.itemconfigure(@id, *args)
     self
diff --git a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
index 30fb9682d5..00316fd441 100644
--- a/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/lib/tkextlib/winico/winico.rb
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
         nil
       ]
 
+=begin
       # for Ruby m17n :: ?x --> String --> char-code ( getbyte(0) )
       KEY_TBL.map!{|inf|
         if inf.kind_of?(Array)
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ class Tk::Winico
         end
         inf
       }
+=end
 
       _setup_subst_table(KEY_TBL, PROC_TBL);
 
@@ -185,7 +187,8 @@ class Tk::Winico
     Winico_callback._config_keys.each{|k|
       if keys[k].kind_of?(Array)
         cmd, *args = keys[k]
-        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+        #keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, *args)
        # elsif keys[k].kind_of?(Proc)
       elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[k])
         keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(keys[k])
@@ -201,7 +204,8 @@ class Tk::Winico
     Winico_callback._config_keys.each{|k|
       if keys[k].kind_of?(Array)
         cmd, *args = keys[k]
-        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+        #keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, args.join(' '))
+        keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(cmd, *args)
       # elsif keys[k].kind_of?(Proc)
       elsif TkComm._callback_entry?(keys[k])
         keys[k] = Winico_callback.new(keys[k])
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
index f063bc53a4..0b9bc7357e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/anilabel.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $anilabel_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@ TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # create frame for label demo
-f_left = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo, :text=>'GIF Image')
+f_left = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'GIF Image')
 Tk.pack(f_left, f_right, 'side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 
         'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
index ebe27b875f..63a04a7b98 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/aniwave.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $aniwave_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
     @backupCoords = []
     n = 0
     (-10..300).step(5){|n| @waveCoords << [n, 100]; @backupCoords << [n, 100] }
+    n = 305
     @waveCoords << [n, 0]; @backupCoords << [n, 0]
     @waveCoords << [n+5, 200]; @backupCoords << [n+5, 200]
     @coordsLen = @waveCoords.length
@@ -112,4 +115,4 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-AnimatedWaveDemo.new($aniwave_demo, :left).move
+AnimatedWaveDemo.new(base_frame, :left).move
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
index 4a589a0892..055cd2af3c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/arrow.rb
@@ -107,14 +107,16 @@ $arrow_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($arrow_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This widget allows you to experiment with different widths and arrowhead shapes for lines in canvases.  To change the line width or the shape of the arrowhead, drag any of the three boxes attached to the oversized arrow.  The arrows on the right give examples at normal scale.  The text at the bottom shows the configuration options as you'd enter them for a canvas line item."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
+$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ $arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
 $arrow_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new($arrow_demo, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
+$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
                              'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2)
 $arrow_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
index 5d6ec84edb..665592a2bc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bind.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $bind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($bind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($bind_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -43,14 +45,14 @@ def tag_binding_for_bind_demo(tag, enter_style, leave_style)
 end
 
 # text 
-txt = TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
+txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   # 
   setgrid 'true'
   #width  60
   #height 24
   font $font
   wrap 'word'
-  TkScrollbar.new($bind_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -94,32 +96,32 @@ txt = TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
   }
   d1.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'items.rb')
           })
   d2.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'plot.rb')
           })
   d3.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ctext.rb')
           })
   d4.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'arrow.rb')
           })
   d5.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ruler.rb')
           })
   d6.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'cscroll.rb')
           })
 
   TkTextMarkInsert.new(t, '0.0')
   configure('state','disabled')
 }
 
-txt.width 60
-txt.width 24
+txt.width  60
+txt.height 24
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
index 7fd551c7a5..133adb0543 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/bitmap.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ def bitmapRow(w,*args)
       TkFrame.new(row){|base|
         pack('side'=>'left', 'fill'=>'both', 'pady'=>'.25c', 'padx'=>'.25c')
         TkLabel.new(base, 'text'=>bitmap, 'width'=>9).pack('side'=>'bottom')
-        TkLabel.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
+        Tk::Label.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
       }
     end
   }
@@ -40,14 +40,16 @@ $bitmap_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($bitmap_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays all of Tk's built-in bitmaps, along with the names you can use for them in Tcl scripts."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
+$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ $bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
 $bitmap_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   bitmapRow(f,'error','gray25','gray50','hourglass')
   bitmapRow(f,'info','question','questhead','warning')
   pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
index 6614d99c92..5c03bd499b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/button.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($button_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame 
-$button_buttons = TkFrame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
+$button_buttons = Tk::Frame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
index 971a8fea73..2951962a79 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $check_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($check_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($check_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars($check_demo, 
+      showVars(base_frame, 
                ['wipers', wipers], ['brakes', brakes], ['sober', sober])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -63,8 +65,8 @@ TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton
-[ TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Wipers  OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Brakes  OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Wipers  OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Brakes  OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| w.relief('flat'); w.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
index 97d61fba0c..faea748a87 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/check2.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $check2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($check2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($check2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -59,15 +61,15 @@ TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton
-TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, :text=>'Safety Check', :variable=>safety, 
+TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, :text=>'Safety Check', :variable=>safety, 
                   :relief=>:flat, :onvalue=>'all', :offvalue=>'none', 
                   :tristatevalue=>'partial'){
   pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
 }
 
-[ TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Wipers OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Brakes OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Wipers OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Brakes OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Driver Sober', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| 
   w.relief('flat')
   w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>15, 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
index 9486fde314..431439d55d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/clrpick.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #
 # widget demo prompts the user to select a color (called by 'widget')
 #
+#  Note: don't support ttk_wrapper. work with standard widgets only.
+#
 
 # toplevel widget
 if defined?($clrpick_demo) && $clrpick_demo
@@ -18,13 +20,18 @@ $clrpick_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+#TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+Tk::Label.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Press the buttons below to choose the foreground and background colors for the widgets in this window.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
+#TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+  # TkButton.new(frame) {
+  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
       tmppath = $clrpick_demo
@@ -33,20 +40,23 @@ TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
+  # TkButton.new(frame) {
+  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
     text 'Show Code'
     command proc{showCode 'clrpick'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # button 
-TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
+# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
+Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set background color ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'background', 
               ['background', 'highlightbackground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
 
-TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
+# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
+Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Set foreground color ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'foreground', ['foreground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
index 66fb0afa36..4300a660ae 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/colors.rb
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ $colors_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($colors_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 colors_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   colors_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
@@ -62,7 +64,15 @@ TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   colors_lbox.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>1, 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y')
 
-colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
+#colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
+colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{
+                   begin
+                     TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get
+                   rescue => e
+                     p e
+                     Tk.tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.___tk_set_palette')
+                   end
+                 })
 
 ins_data = [
   'gray60','gray70','gray80','gray85','gray90','gray95',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0907d9e8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/combo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# combo.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates several combobox widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: combo.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($combo_demo) && $combo_demo
+  $combo_demo.destroy 
+  $combo_demo = nil
+end
+
+$combo_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Combobox Demonstration")
+  iconname("combo")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($combo_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Three different combo-boxes are displayed below. \
+You can add characters to the first \
+one by pointing, clicking and typing, just as with an entry; pressing \
+Return will cause the current value to be added to the list that is \
+selectable from the drop-down list, and you can choose other values \
+by pressing the Down key, using the arrow keys to pick another one, \
+and pressing Return again. The second combo-box is fixed to a \
+particular value, and cannot be modified at all. The third one only \
+allows you to select values from its drop-down list of Australian \
+cities.
+EOL
+
+## variables
+firstValue  = TkVariable.new
+secondValue = TkVariable.new
+ozCity      = TkVariable.new
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           showVars(base_frame, 
+                                    ['firstVariable', firstValue], 
+                                    ['secondVariable', secondValue], 
+                                    ['ozCity', ozCity])
+                         }), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'combo'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $combo_demo.destroy
+                           $combo_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+australianCities = [
+  'Canberra', 'Sydney', 'Melbourne', 'Perth', 'Adelaide', 'Brisbane', 
+  'Hobart', 'Darwin', 'Alice Springs'
+]
+
+
+secondValue.value = 'unchangable'
+ozCity.value = 'Sydney'
+
+Tk.pack(Ttk::Labelframe.new(frame, :text=>'Fully Editable'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>firstValue){|b|
+            b.bind('Return', '%W'){|w|
+              w.values <<= w.value unless w.values.include?(w.value)
+            }
+          }.pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Disabled'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>secondValue, :state=>:disabled) .
+            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Defined List Only'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>ozCity, :state=>:readonly, 
+                            :values=>australianCities) .
+            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        :side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
index 0838dfbe08..259ed3bd8c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/cscroll.rb
@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ $cscroll_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($cscroll_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
             'justify'=>'left', 'text'=>"This window displays a canvas widget that can be scrolled either using the scrollbars or by dragging with button 2 in the canvas.  If you click button 1 on one of the rectangles, its indices will be printed on stdout."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {|frame|
+$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ $cscroll_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
 unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {
+  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
     pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 'padx'=>1, 'pady'=>1)
   }
   TkGrid.rowconfigure($cscroll_grid, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
 end
 
 # canvas
-$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo, 
+$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 
                                'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2,
                                'scrollregion'=>['-11c', '-11c', '50c', '20c']
                                ) {|c|
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo,
          'rowspan'=>1, 'columnspan'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
   end
 
-  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
     c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo,
     end
   }
 
-  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                   'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}) {|hs|
     c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
index 8c10880ed6..01374b0321 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ctext.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $ctext_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays a string of text to demonstrate the text facilities of canvas widgets.  You can click in the boxes to adjust the position of the text relative to its positioning point or change its justification.  The text also supports the following simple bindings for editing:
   1. You can point, click, and type.
   2. You can also select with button 1.
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 }
 
 # frame
-$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
+$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ $ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
 $ctext_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ctext_demo, 'relief'=>'flat', 
+$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'flat', 
                              'borderwidth'=>0, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350)
 $ctext_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
index 29bc693395..6f5b10fb71 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry1.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $entry1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -42,9 +44,9 @@ TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # 
-e1 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e2 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e3 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e1 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e2 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e3 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 [e1,e2,e3].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>5, 'fill'=>'x')}
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
index d4e58d7dd5..d67d04b56d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry2.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $entry2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($entry2_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   # entry 1
   s1 = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'orient'=>'horiz')
   e1 = TkEntry.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken') {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
index 68f77a0d48..f7df3a5653 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/entry3.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ $entry3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($entry3_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Four different entries are displayed below.  You can add characters \
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ characters (silently ignoring further ones), and displaying them as \
 asterisk characters.
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -60,23 +62,41 @@ TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
 # count -       Counter to control the number of times flashed
 def focusAndFlash(widget, fg, bg, count=5)
   return if count <= 0
-  TkTimer.new(200, count, 
-              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
-              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
-              ).start
+  if fg && !fg.empty? && bg && !bg.empty?
+    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
+                ).start
+  else
+    # TkTimer.new(150, 3){Tk.bell}.start
+    Tk.bell
+    TkTimer.new(200, count,
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'white',
+                                      :background=>'black')},
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'black',
+                                      :background=>'white')}
+                ).at_end{begin
+                           widget.configure(:foreground=>fg,
+                                            :background=>bg)
+                         rescue
+                           # ignore
+                         end}.start
+  end
   widget.focus(true)
 end
 
-l1 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Integer Entry")
+l1 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Integer Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l1, :validate=>:focus, 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
             ]) {|e|
-  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, e.fg, e.bg)}, '%W']
+  fg = e.foreground
+  bg = e.background
+  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, fg, bg)}, '%W']
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l2 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Length-Constrained Entry")
+l2 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Length-Constrained Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l2, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :vcmd=>[proc{|s| s.length < 10}, '%P']
             ).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
@@ -158,14 +178,14 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
     return true
-    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
-                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
+    # Tk.update(true) # <- Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                      #    It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
   end
   return false
 end
 
 
-l3 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"US Phone-Number Entry")
+l3 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"US Phone-Number Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :textvariable=>entry3content, 
             :vcmd=>[
@@ -184,14 +204,14 @@ TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell},
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l4 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"Password Entry")
+l4 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"Password Entry")
 TkEntry.new(l4, :validate=>:key, :show=>'*', 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s.length <= 8}, 
               '%P'
             ]).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 
-TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   lower
   TkGrid.configure(l1, l2, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
   TkGrid.configure(l3, l4, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
index 36b19de557..676c347409 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/filebox.rb
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@ $filebox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($filebox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($filebox_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Enter a file name in the entry box or click on the \"Browse\" buttons to select a file name using the file selection dialog.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 ['open', 'save'].each{|type|
-  TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"Select a file to #{type}: ", 'anchor'=>'e')\
     .pack('side'=>'left')
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
       pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
 
       TkButton.new(f, 'text'=>'Browse ...', 
-                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog $filebox_demo,e,type})\
+                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog base_frame,e,type})\
       .pack('side'=>'left')
     }
 
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
 
 $tk_strictMotif = TkVarAccess.new('tk_strictMotif')
 if ($tk_platform['platform'] == 'unix')
-  TkCheckButton.new($filebox_demo, 
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 
                     'text'=>'Use Motif Style Dialog', 
                     'variable'=>$tk_strictMotif, 
                     'onvalue'=>1, 'offvalue'=>0 ).pack('anchor'=>'c')
@@ -91,7 +93,10 @@ def fileDialog(w,ent,operation)
   if file != ""
     ent.delete 0, 'end'
     ent.insert 0, file
-    ent.xview 'end'
+    # ent.xview 'end'
+    Tk.update_idletasks # need this for Tk::Tile::Entry
+                        # (to find right position of 'xview').
+    ent.xview(ent.index('end'))
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
index 53adcf96b6..7023f2a72e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor.rb
@@ -1590,14 +1590,16 @@ $floor_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($floor_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window contains a canvas widget showing the floorplan of Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory.  It has three levels.  At any given time one of the levels is active, meaning that you can see its room structure.  To activate a level, click the left mouse button anywhere on it.  As the mouse moves over the active level, the room under the mouse lights up and its room number appears in the \"Room:\" entry.  You can also type a room number in the entry and the room will light up."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|frame|
+$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -1620,17 +1622,17 @@ $floorItems = {}
 
 # canvas 
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1639,7 +1641,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
index efaf9e250d..88b07aeee4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/floor2.rb
@@ -1590,14 +1590,16 @@ $floor2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($floor2_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window contains a canvas widget showing the floorplan of Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory.  It has three levels.  At any given time one of the levels is active, meaning that you can see its room structure.  To activate a level, click the left mouse button anywhere on it.  As the mouse moves over the active level, the room under the mouse lights up and its room number appears in the \"Room:\" entry.  You can also type a room number in the entry and the room will light up."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|frame|
+$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -1620,17 +1622,17 @@ $floorItems2 = {}
 
 # canvas 
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor2_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor2_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1639,7 +1641,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor2_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
index dbb14302dc..3119752b1c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/form.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $form_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($form_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
 # entry 
 form_data = []
 (1..5).each{|i|
-  f = TkFrame.new($form_demo, 'bd'=>2)
+  f = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'bd'=>2)
   e = TkEntry.new(f, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'width'=>40)
   l = TkLabel.new(f)
   e.pack('side'=>'right')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
index 8d3f6d14f7..c6fa37c09c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/goldberg.rb
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ $goldberg_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 #  positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($goldberg_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 =begin
 # label
 msg = TkLabel.new($goldberg_demo) {
@@ -175,7 +177,8 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
     do_ctrl_frame
     do_detail_frame
 
-    msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    # msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    msg = Tk::Label.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
       font 'Arial 10'
       wraplength 600
       justify 'left'
@@ -185,7 +188,8 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
 
     frame = TkFrame.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'])
 
-    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'Dismiss'
       command proc{
         tmppath = $goldberg_demo
@@ -194,12 +198,14 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
       }
     }.pack('side'=>'left')
 
-    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'See Code'
       command proc{showCode 'goldberg'}
     }.pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>5)
 
-    @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    # @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    @show = Tk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
                          :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg'])
     @show.pack('side'=>'left')
     frame.place(:in=>@canvas, :relx=>1, :rely=>0, :anchor=>:ne)
@@ -208,10 +214,11 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 
   def do_ctrl_frame
-    @start = TkButton.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
+    @start = Tk::Button.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
                           :command=>proc{do_button(0)})
-    @start.font(@start['font'].weight('bold'))
-    font = @start['font']
+    if font = @start['font']
+      @start.font(font.weight('bold'))
+    end
 
     @pause = TkCheckbutton.new(@parent, :text=>'Pause', :font=>font, 
                                :command=>proc{do_button(1)}, :relief=>:raised, 
@@ -1996,4 +2003,4 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 end
 
-TkGoldberg_Demo.new($goldberg_demo)
+TkGoldberg_Demo.new(base_frame)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
index 743c4b4852..e660216967 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/hscale.rb
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ $hscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($hscale_demo)
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($hscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
-TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
@@ -36,7 +37,18 @@ TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
+
+def setWidth(w, width)
+  width = width + 21
+  x2 = width - 30
+  if x2 < 21
+    x2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+end
+
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
     height 50
@@ -61,14 +73,3 @@ TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'anchor'=>'n')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-
-def setWidth(w, width)
-  width = width + 21
-  x2 = width - 30
-  if x2 < 21
-    x2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-end
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
index 58aca2df07..a3921d2333 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/icon.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $icon_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($icon_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -63,16 +65,18 @@ TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
 letters = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
-    TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                     'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-    TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
@@ -81,14 +85,16 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
 
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
     image flagdown
     selectimage flagup
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor self['background']
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
     bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                    'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
index 05c9705c9c..a9072bb308 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image1.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ $image1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -54,7 +56,10 @@ TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label
-[ TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-  TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+#[ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+#  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+#].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
+[ Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
index 1aff7173be..1975dd6b02 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image2.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $image2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -53,21 +55,21 @@ $dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'Directory:')\
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Directory:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-image2_e = TkEntry.new($image2_demo) {
+image2_e = TkEntry.new(base_frame) {
   width 30
   textvariable $dirName
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'File:')\
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'File:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   l = TkListbox.new(w) {
     width 20
@@ -86,9 +88,9 @@ TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
 # image 
-[ TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
-  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'Image:'),
-  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'image'=>$image2a)
+[ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
+  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Image:'),
+  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
index e46d3796f2..43afab7ecd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/image3.rb
@@ -19,27 +19,29 @@ $image3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # 
-def loadDir(w)
+def loadDir3(w)
   w.delete(0,'end')
   Dir.glob([$dirName,'*'].join(File::Separator)).sort.each{|f|
     w.insert('end',File.basename(f))
   }
 end
 
-# selectAndLoadDir --
+# selectAndLoadDir3 --
 # This procedure pops up a dialog to ask for a directory to load into
 # the listobx and (if the user presses OK) reloads the directory
 # listbox from the directory named in the demo's entry.
 #
 # Arguments:
 # w -                   Name of the toplevel window of the demo.
-def selectAndLoadDir(w, lbox)
+def selectAndLoadDir3(w, lbox)
   dir = Tk.chooseDirectory(:initialdir=>$dirName.value, 
                            :parent=>w, :mustexist=>true)
   if dir.length > 0
     $dirName.value = dir 
-    loadDir(lbox)
+    loadDir3(lbox)
   end
 end
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ end
 
 
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -86,11 +88,11 @@ end
 $image3a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-image3_f = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+image3_f = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'Directory:')
+image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'Directory:')
 
-image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'File:', 
+image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'File:', 
                              :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :expand=>true)
@@ -102,16 +104,17 @@ image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
 
 image3_ent = TkEntry.new(image3_df, :width=>30, :textvariable=>$dirName){
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m', :expand=>true)
-  bind('Return', proc{loadDir(image3_lbx)})
+  bind('Return', proc{loadDir3(image3_lbx)})
 }
 
 TkButton.new(image3_df, :pady=>0, :padx=>'2m', :text=>"Select Dir.", 
-             :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
+             :command=>proc{selectAndLoadDir3(image3_ent, image3_lbx)}) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0, '2m'], :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
-image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'Image:') {|f|
-  TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'Image:') {|f|
+  # TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+  Tk::Label.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
 Tk.grid(image3_df,  '-',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
index 23191b59b9..3fd44fd4f4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/items.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $items_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($items_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 cvs = nil
-TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|cf|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|cf|
   # canvas 
   cvs = TkCanvas.new(cf) {|c|
     focus
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..618fce5f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/knightstour.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# Based on the widget demo of Tcl/Tk8.5.2
+# The following is the original copyright text.
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (C) 2008 Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sourceforge.net>
+#
+#	Calculate a Knight's tour of a chessboard.
+#
+#	This uses Warnsdorff's rule to calculate the next square each
+#	time. This specifies that the next square should be the one that
+#	has the least number of available moves.
+#
+#	Using this rule it is possible to get to a position where
+#	there are no squares available to move into. In this implementation
+#	this occurs when the starting square is d6.
+#
+#	To solve this fault an enhancement to the rule is that if we
+#	have a choice of squares with an equal score, we should choose
+#	the one nearest the edge of the board.
+#
+#	If the call to the Edgemost function is commented out you can see
+#	this occur.
+#
+#	You can drag the knight to a specific square to start if you wish.
+#	If you let it repeat then it will choose random start positions
+#	for each new tour.
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+require 'tk'
+
+class Knights_Tour
+  # Return a list of accessible squares from a given square
+  def valid_moves(square)
+    moves = []
+    [
+      [-1,-2], [-2,-1], [-2,1], [-1,2], [1,2], [2,1], [2,-1], [1,-2]
+    ].each{|col_delta, row_delta|
+      col = (square % 8) + col_delta
+      row = (square.div(8)) + row_delta
+      moves << (row * 8 + col) if row > -1 && row < 8 && col > -1 && col < 8
+    }
+    moves
+  end
+
+  # Return the number of available moves for this square
+  def check_square(square)
+    valid_moves(square).find_all{|pos| ! @visited.include?(pos)}.length
+  end
+
+  # Select the next square to move to. Returns -1 if there are no available
+  # squares remaining that we can move to.
+  def next_square(square)
+    minimum = 9
+    nxt = -1
+    valid_moves(square).each{|pos|
+      unless @visited.include?(pos)
+        cnt = check_square(pos)
+        if cnt < minimum
+          minimum = cnt
+          nxt = pos
+        elsif cnt == minimum
+          nxt = edgemost(nxt, pos)
+        end
+      end
+    }
+    nxt
+  end
+
+  # Select the square nearest the edge of the board
+  def edgemost(nxt, pos)
+    col_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt % 8).abs.to_i)
+    col_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos % 8).abs.to_i)
+    row_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt.div(8)).abs.to_i)
+    row_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos.div(8)).abs.to_i)
+    (col_A * row_A < col_B * row_B)? nxt : pos
+  end
+
+  # Display a square number as a standard chess square notation.
+  def _N(square)
+    '%c%d' % [(97 + square % 8), (square.div(8) + 1)]
+  end
+
+  # Perform a Knight's move and schedule the next move.
+  def move_piece(last, square)
+    @log.insert(:end, "#{@visited.length}. #{_N last} -> #{_N square}\n", '')
+    @log.see(:end)
+    @board.itemconfigure(1+last, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'black')
+    @board.itemconfigure(1+square, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'red')
+    @knight.coords(@board.coords(1+square)[0..1])
+    @visited << square
+    if (nxt = next_square(square)) != -1
+      @after_id = Tk.after(@delay.numeric){move_piece(square, nxt) rescue nil}
+    else
+      @start_btn.state :normal
+      if @visited.length == 64
+        if @initial == square
+          @log.insert :end, 'Closed tour!'
+        else
+          @log.insert :end, "Success\n", {}
+          Tk.after(@delay.numeric * 2){tour(rand(64))} if @continuous.bool
+        end
+      else
+        @log.insert :end, "FAILED!\n", {}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Begin a new tour of the board given a random start position
+  def tour(square = nil)
+    @visited.clear
+    @log.clear
+    @start_btn.state :disabled
+    1.upto(64){|n|
+      @board.itemconfigure(n, :state=>:disabled, :outline=>'black')
+    }
+    unless square
+      square = @board.find_closest(*(@knight.coords << 0 << 65))[0].to_i - 1
+    end
+    @initial = square
+    Tk.after_idle{ move_piece(@initial, @initial) rescue nil }
+  end
+
+  def _stop
+    Tk.after_cancel(@after_id) rescue nil
+  end
+
+  def _exit
+    _stop
+    $knightstour.destroy
+  end
+
+  def set_delay(new)
+    @delay.numeric = new.to_i
+  end
+
+  def drag_start(w, x, y)
+    w.dtag('selected')
+    w.addtag('selected', :withtag, 'current')
+    @dragging = [x, y]
+  end
+
+  def drag_motion(w, x, y)
+    return unless @dragging
+    w.move('selected', x - @dragging[0], y - @dragging[1])
+    @dragging = [x, y]
+  end
+
+  def drag_end(w, x, y)
+    square = w.find_closest(x, y, 0, 65)
+    w.coords('selected', w.coords(square)[0..1])
+    w.dtag('selected')
+    @dragging = nil
+  end
+
+  def make_SeeDismiss
+    ## See Code / Dismiss
+    frame = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+    Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+    TkGrid('x', 
+           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                           :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                           :command=>proc{showCode 'knightstour'}), 
+           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                           :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                           :command=>proc{
+                             $knightstour.destroy
+                             $knightstour = nil
+                           }), 
+           :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+    frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    frame
+  end
+
+  def create_gui(parent = nil)
+    $knightstour.destroy rescue nil
+    $knightstour = Tk::Toplevel.new(parent, :title=>"Knight's tour")
+    $knightstour.withdraw
+    base_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    @board = Tk::Canvas.new(base_f, :width=>240, :height=>240)
+    @log = Tk::Text.new(base_f, :width=>12, :height=>1, 
+                        :font=>'Arial 8', :background=>'white')
+    scr = @log.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_f))
+
+    @visited = []
+    @delay = TkVariable.new(600)
+    @continuous = TkVariable.new(false)
+
+    tool_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    label = Ttk::Label.new(tool_f, :text=>'Speed')
+    scale = Ttk::Scale.new(tool_f, :from=>8, :to=>2000, :variable=>@delay, 
+                           :command=>proc{|n| set_delay(n)})
+    check = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tool_f, :text=>'Repeat', 
+                                 :variable=>@continuous)
+    @start_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'Start', 
+                                 :command=>proc{tour()})
+    @exit_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'Exit', 
+                                :command=>proc{_exit()})
+
+    7.downto(0){|row|
+      0.upto(7){|col|
+        if ((col & 1) ^ (row & 1)).zero?
+          fill  = 'bisque'
+          dfill = 'bisque3'
+        else
+          fill  = 'tan3'
+          dfill = 'tan4'
+        end
+        coords = [col * 30 + 4, row * 30 + 4, col * 30 + 30, row * 30 + 30]
+        @board.create(TkcRectangle, coords, 
+                      :fill=>fill, :disabledfill=>dfill,
+                      :width=>2, :state=>:disabled)
+      }
+    }
+
+    @knight_font = TkFont.new(:size=>-24)
+    @knight = TkcText.new(@board, 0, 0, :font=>@knight_font, 
+                          :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new('\u265e'), 
+                          :anchor=>'nw', # :tags=>'knight', 
+                          :fill=>'black', :activefill=>'#600000')
+    @knight.coords(@board.coords(rand(64)+1)[0..1])
+    @knight.bind('ButtonPress-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_start(w,x,y)}
+    @knight.bind('Motion', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_motion(w,x,y)}
+    @knight.bind('ButtonRelease-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_end(w,x,y)}
+
+    Tk.grid(@board, @log, scr, :sticky=>'news')
+    base_f.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    base_f.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    Tk.grid(base_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'news')
+    widgets = [label, scale, check, @start_btn]
+    sg = nil
+    unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+      widgets << @exit_btn
+      if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+        #widgets.unshift(Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f))
+        Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f).pack(:side=>:right, :anchor=>'se')
+      end
+    end
+    Tk.pack(widgets, :side=>:right)
+    if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
+      TkPack.configure(widgets, :padx=>[4, 4], :pady=>[12, 12])
+      TkPack.configure(widgets[0], :padx=>[4, 24])
+      TkPack.configure(widgets[-1], :padx=>[16, 4])
+    end
+
+    Tk.grid(tool_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
+
+    if $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+      Tk.grid(make_SeeDismiss(), '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
+    end
+
+    $knightstour.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    $knightstour.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    $knightstour.bind('Control-F2'){TkConsole.show}
+    $knightstour.bind('Return'){@start_btn.invoke}
+    $knightstour.bind('Escape'){@exit_btn.invoke}
+    $knightstour.bind('Destroy'){ _stop }
+    $knightstour.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ _exit }
+
+    $knightstour.deiconify
+    $knightstour.tkwait_destroy
+  end
+
+  def initialize(parent = nil)
+    create_gui(parent)
+  end
+end
+
+Tk.root.withdraw unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+Thread.new{Tk.mainloop} if __FILE__ == $0
+Knights_Tour.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
index 55e07a5ebc..91e41e4a22 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/label.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $label_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($label_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -47,8 +49,8 @@ TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo 
-f_left = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
-f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
+f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 [f_left, f_right].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 
                                   'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10, 'fill'=>'both')}
 
@@ -59,7 +61,8 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
   TkLabel.new(f_left, 'text'=>'Third label, sunken', 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
-TkLabel.new(f_right) {
+# TkLabel.new(f_right) {
+Tk::Label.new(f_right) {
   bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
index 842a4f6c04..c912ff4c52 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/labelframe.rb
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ $labelframe_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # Some information
-TkLabel.new($labelframe_demo, 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Labelframes are used to group related widgets together. \
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ which supports a 'labelframe' widget.
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
 }
 
 # Demo area
-w = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
+w = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
                                        :expand=>true)
 
 # A group of radiobuttons in a labelframe
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a849eba515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/mclist.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# mclist.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# tree widget configured as a multi-column listbox.
+#
+# based on "Id: mclist.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($mclist_demo) && $mclist_demo
+  $mclist_demo.destroy 
+  $mclist_demo = nil
+end
+
+$mclist_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Multi-Column List")
+  iconname("mclist")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($mclist_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Explanatory text
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
+Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
+One of the widgets it includes is a tree widget, \
+which can be configured to display multiple columns of informational data \
+without displaying the tree itself. \
+This is a simple way to build a listbox that has multiple columns. \
+Clicking on the heading for a column will sort the data by that column. \
+You can also change the width of the columns \
+by dragging the boundary between them.
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'mclist'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $mclist_demo.destroy
+                           $mclist_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame)
+tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(country capital currency), 
+                          :show=>:headings)
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+else
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+end
+
+container.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+## The data we're going to insert
+data = [
+  ['Argentina', 	'Buenos Aires', 	'ARS'], 
+  ['Australia',		'Canberra',		'AUD'], 
+  ['Brazil', 		'Brazilia', 		'BRL'], 
+  ['Canada', 		'Ottawa', 		'CAD'], 
+  ['China',		'Beijing', 		'CNY'], 
+  ['France',		'Paris', 		'EUR'], 
+  ['Germany', 		'Berlin',		'EUR'], 
+  ['India', 		'New Delhi',		'INR'], 
+  ['Italy', 		'Rome', 		'EUR'], 
+  ['Japan', 		'Tokyo', 		'JPY'], 
+  ['Mexico', 		'Mexico City', 		'MXN'], 
+  ['Russia', 		'Moscow', 		'RUB'], 
+  ['South Africa',	'Pretoria', 		'ZAR'], 
+  ['United Kingdom', 	'London', 		'GBP'], 
+  ['United States', 	'Washington, D.C.', 	'USD'],
+]
+
+## Code to insert the data nicely
+font = Ttk::Style.lookup(tree[:style], :font)
+cols = %w(country capital currency)
+cols.zip(%w(Country Capital Currency)).each{|col, name|
+  tree.heading_configure(col, :text=>name, 
+                         :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, false)})
+  tree.column_configure(col, :width=>TkFont.measure(font, name))
+}
+
+data.each{|country, capital, currency|
+  #tree.insert('', :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
+  tree.insert(nil, :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
+  cols.zip([country, capital, currency]).each{|col, val|
+    len = TkFont.measure(font, "#{val}  ")
+    if tree.column_cget(col, :width) < len
+      tree.column_configure(col, :width=>len)
+    end
+  }
+}
+
+## Code to do the sorting of the tree contents when clicked on
+def sort_by(tree, col, direction)
+  tree.children(nil).map!{|row| [tree.get(row, col), row.id]} . 
+    sort(&((direction)? proc{|x, y| y <=> x}: proc{|x, y| x <=> y})) . 
+    each_with_index{|info, idx| tree.move(info[1], nil, idx)}
+
+  tree.heading_configure(col, :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, ! direction)})
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
index 8370d2f5f0..bf6c22cb9d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $menu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # menu frame
-$menu_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
+$menu_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
 $menu_frame.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 begin
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("This window contains a menubar with cascaded menus.  You can invoke entries with an accelerator by typing Command+x, where \"x\" is the character next to the command key symbol. The rightmost menu can be torn off into a palette by dragging outside of its bounds and releasing the mouse.")
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($menu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
         'accelerator'=>"#{modifier}+G", 'underline'=>6)
     $menu_demo.bind("#{modifier}-g", proc{print "Goodbye\n"})
 
-    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
+    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Check buttons', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_check, 'underline'=>0)
       oil = TkVariable.new(0)
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
       invoke 3
     }
 
-    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
+    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Radio buttons', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_radio, 'underline'=>0)
       pointSize = TkVariable.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
index cb616d8461..4029ce5541 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menu84.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ $menu84_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu84_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 begin
   windowingsystem = Tk.windowingsystem()
 rescue
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("This window contains a menubar with cascaded menus.  You can invoke entries with an accelerator by typing Command+x, where \"x\" is the character next to the command key symbol. The rightmost menu can be torn off into a palette by dragging outside of its bounds and releasing the mouse.")
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 
 menustatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>menustatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 
               'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
index e2ddd07bc6..b37367e515 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/menubu.rb
@@ -37,16 +37,18 @@ $menubu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 
 positionWindow($menubu_demo)
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new($menubu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("This is a demonstration of menubuttons. The \"Below\" menubutton pops its menu below the button; the \"Right\" button pops to the right, etc. There are two option menus directly below this text; one is just a standard menu and the other is a 16-color palette.")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
 
 else ; # Tk8.x
 
-body = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo)
+body = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 body.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 below = TkMenubutton.new(body) {
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ center = TkFrame.new(body) {
   grid('row'=>1, 'column'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
 }
 
-TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
index aab1b619cf..62b1f2b985 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox.rb
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ $msgbox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"Choose the icon and type option of the message box. Then press the \"Message Box\" button to see the message box.").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -45,8 +47,8 @@ TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 $msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
                         'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 $msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fe6c778b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/msgbox2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# msgbox2.rb
+#
+# This demonstration script creates message boxes of various type
+#
+# message boxes widget demo (called by 'widget')
+#
+
+# toplevel widget
+if defined?($msgbox2_demo) && $msgbox2_demo
+  $msgbox2_demo.destroy 
+  $msgbox2_demo = nil
+end
+
+# demo toplevel widget
+$msgbox2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Message Box Demonstration")
+  iconname("messagebox")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+# label
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+            'text'=>"Choose the icon and type option of the message box. Then press the \"Message Box\" button to see the message box with both of a message and a detail.").pack('side'=>'top')
+
+# frame
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    text 'Dismiss'
+    command proc{
+      tmppath = $msgbox2_demo
+      $msgbox2_demo = nil
+      tmppath.destroy
+    }
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    text 'Show Code'
+    command proc{showCode 'msgbox2'}
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    text 'Message Box'
+    command proc{showMessageBox $msgbox2_demo}
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+}.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
+
+# frame
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
+                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
+$msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
+                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
+
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>'Icon').pack('side'=>'top')
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
+.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
+
+$msgboxIcon = TkVariable.new('info')
+['error', 'info', 'question', 'warning'].each {|icon|
+  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>icon, 'variable'=>$msgboxIcon, 
+                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>icon, 'width'=>16, 
+                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
+                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
+}
+
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>'Type').pack('side'=>'top')
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
+.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
+
+$msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
+['abortretryignore', 'ok', 'okcancel', 
+  'retrycancel', 'yesno', 'yesnocancel'].each {|type|
+  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>type, 'variable'=>$msgboxType, 
+                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>type, 'width'=>16, 
+                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
+                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
+}
+
+def showMessageBox(w)
+  button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
+                         'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
+                         'message'=>"\"#{$msgboxType.value}\" Type MessageBox",
+                         'detail'=>"This is a \"#{$msgboxType.value}\" type messagebox with the \"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\" icon. Please click one of the following button.")
+
+  Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
+                'message'=>"You have selected  \"#{button}\"")
+end
+
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
index 48ba86de02..26941b84a8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned1.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ $paned1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($paned1_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 The sash between the two coloured windows below can be used to divide the area between them.  Use the left mouse button to resize without redrawing by just moving the sash, and use the middle mouse button to resize opaquely (always redrawing the windows in each position.)
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ If your Tk library linked to Ruby doesn't include a 'panedwindow', this demo doe
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -37,9 +39,9 @@ TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-TkPanedwindow.new($paned1_demo){|f|
-  pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
+TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:horizontal){|f|
+  add(Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
+      Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
 
-  add(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
-      TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
+  pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
index 5911cadab6..0e62013886 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/paned2.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ $paned2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($paned2_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 The sash between the two scrolled windows below can be used to divide the area between them.  Use the left mouse button to resize without redrawing by just moving the sash, and use the middle mouse button to resize opaquely (always redrawing the windows in each position.)
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ If your Tk library linked to Ruby doesn't include a 'panedwindow', this demo doe
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($paned2_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ paneList.value = [         # ruby's array --> tcl's list
 ]
 
 # Create the pane itself
-TkPanedwindow.new($paned2_demo, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
+TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 
   add(TkFrame.new(f){|paned2_top|
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
index a3498d67cf..5f7d361170 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/pendulum.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ $pendulum_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
 class PendulumAnimationDemo
   def initialize(frame)
     # Create some structural widgets
-    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 #    @pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
 #    @pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
     @lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation')
@@ -235,4 +237,4 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-PendulumAnimationDemo.new($pendulum_demo)
+PendulumAnimationDemo.new(base_frame)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
index 6d01deeef5..628c9df584 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/plot.rb
@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@ $plot_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($plot_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($plot_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This window displays a canvas widget containing a simple 2-dimensional plot.  You can doctor the data by dragging any of the points with mouse button 1."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new($plot_demo) {|frame|
+$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ $plot_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 plotFont = '-*-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-*-*-*-*'
 
 # canvas 
-$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new($plot_demo,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
+$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
 $plot_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # plot 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
index 0885cf2975..43c61f519f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/puzzle.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $puzzle_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -52,18 +54,27 @@ TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
 # scrollbar widget and using its trough color.
 begin
   if Tk.windowingsystem() == 'aqua'
-    frameSize = 160
+    frameWidth  = 168
+    frameHeight = 168
+  elsif Tk.default_widget_set == :Ttk
+    frameWidth  = 148
+    frameHeight = 124
   else
-    frameSize = 120
+    frameWidth  = 120
+    frameHeight = 120
   end
 rescue
-  frameSize = 120
+  frameWidth  = 120
+  frameHeight = 120
 end
+
+# depend_on_button_width = true
+depend_on_button_width = false
  
-s = TkScrollbar.new($puzzle_demo)
-base = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {
-  width  frameSize
-  height frameSize
+s = TkScrollbar.new(base_frame)
+base = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
+  width  frameWidth
+  height frameHeight
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
   bg s['troughcolor']
@@ -87,6 +98,9 @@ order = [3,1,6,2,5,7,15,13,4,11,8,9,14,10,12]
     text num
     highlightthickness 0
     command def_puzzleswitch_proc(w, num)
+    if depend_on_button_width && (w.winfo_reqwidth * 4 > base.width)
+      base.width = w.winfo_reqwidth * 4
+    end
   }.place('relx'=>$xpos[num], 'rely'=>$ypos[num], 
           'relwidth'=>0.25, 'relheight'=>0.25)
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
index 96cdc4c54a..25cfac2134 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $radio_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ size = TkVariable.new
 color = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -52,14 +54,14 @@ TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars($radio_demo, ['size', size], ['color', color])
+      showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], ['color', color])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
-f_right = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
+f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
index 2b56ccc9b1..6c02aef0cf 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio2.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -53,18 +55,18 @@ TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'See Variables'
     command proc{
-      showVars($radio2_demo, 
+      showVars(base_frame, 
                ['size', size], ['color', color], ['compound', align])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Color', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Color', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_mid.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
@@ -90,7 +92,8 @@ f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
index 70c4abb3b5..9c9d75ef4a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/radio3.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $radio3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio3_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -34,14 +36,14 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
                       :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
                       :command=>proc{
-                        showVars($radio3_demo, ['size', size], 
+                        showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], 
                                  ['color', color], ['compound', align])
                       }), 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
@@ -61,17 +63,17 @@ TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
 }
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Point Size', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Color', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Color', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Alignment', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left .grid('column'=>0, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_mid  .grid('column'=>1, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_right.grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Tristate', 
+TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'Tristate', 
              'command'=>proc{size.value = 'multi'; color.value = 'multi'}){
   grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>2, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 }
@@ -99,7 +101,8 @@ TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'Tristate',
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'Label', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
index 4299d57b4f..26cd4f3b1c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ruler.rb
@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ $ruler_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-TkLabel.new($ruler_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"This canvas widget shows a mock-up of a ruler.  You can create tab stops by dragging them out of the well to the right of the ruler.  You can also drag existing tab stops.  If you drag a tab stop far enough up or down so that it turns dim, it will be deleted when you release the mouse button."){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame
-$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
+$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ $ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
 $ruler_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas 
-$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ruler_demo, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
+$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
 $ruler_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
index cef0f4ecf4..06ec7c1e75 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/sayings.rb
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ $sayings_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($sayings_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 sayings_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($sayings_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   sv = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   sh = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
   sayings_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
index 3749423bbc..e1fc565e9d 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/search.rb
@@ -79,8 +79,10 @@ $search_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($search_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame
-$search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
+$search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ $search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
 $search_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'File name:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_fileName = TkVariable.new
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'pady'=>5, 'padx'=>10)
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'Search string:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_searchString = TkVariable.new
@@ -133,9 +135,9 @@ TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   }
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true, 'wrap'=>'word') {|t|
+$search_text = TkText.new(base_frame, 'setgrid'=>true, 'wrap'=>'word') {|t|
   $search_Tag = TkTextTag.new(t)
-  TkScrollbar.new($search_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
     t.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| sc.set first,last})
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
index 58616b1e02..c2a3a8949b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/spin.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ $spin_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($spin_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($spin_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 Three different spin-boxes are displayed below.  \
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ this demo doesn't work. Please use later version of Tk \
 which supports a 'spinbox' widget.
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new($spin_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -53,11 +55,11 @@ australianCities = [
 ]
 
 [
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
                 :validatecommand=>[
                   proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
                 ]), 
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
                 :format=>'%05.2f', :width=>10), 
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
 ].each{|sbox| sbox.pack(:side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
index d38c1245af..add0e84800 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/states.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $states_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($states_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame
 states_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($states_demo, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   states_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
index 8606893c9b..c2fed23926 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/style.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($style_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -37,14 +39,14 @@ TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text 
-TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
+txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   # 
   setgrid 'true'
   #width  70
   #height 32
   wrap 'word'
   font $font
-  TkScrollbar.new($style_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
     style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 12, :bold, :italic])
     style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 14, :bold])
     style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Helvetica', 24, :bold])
-    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Times 8 bold'])
+    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'Times 8 bold')
   end
 ###
 #  case($tk_version)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
index 4bb4b6bc7e..3ce8cdfda8 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/text.rb
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ $text_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($text_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # version check
 if ((Tk::TK_VERSION.split('.').collect{|n| n.to_i} <=> [8,4]) < 0)
   undo_support = false
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ else
 end
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text 
-TkText.new($text_demo){|t|
+TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   relief 'sunken'
   bd 2
   setgrid 1
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ TkText.new($text_demo){|t|
     undo true
     autoseparators true
   end
-  TkScrollbar.new($text_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb
index d98ef170b4..c25ce15e5c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/textpeer.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ $textpeer_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 count = [0]
 
 ## Define a widget that we peer from; it won't ever actually be shown though
-first = TkText.new($textpeer_demo, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
+first = TkText.new(base_frame, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
 first.insert :end,"This is a coupled pair of text widgets; they are peers to "
 first.insert :end,"each other. They have the same underlying data model, but "
 first.insert :end,"can show different locations, have different current edit "
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ first.insert :end,"the Make Peer button beside the text widget to clone, and "
 first.insert :end,"delete a particular peer widget using the Delete Peer "
 first.insert :end,"button."
 
+Tk.update_idletasks  ## for 'first' widget
+
 ## Procedures to make and kill clones; most of this is just so that the demo
 ## looks nice...
 def makeClone(count, win, txt)
@@ -52,12 +56,12 @@ def killClone(win, cnt)
 end
 
 ## Now set up the GUI
-makeClone(count, $textpeer_demo, first)
-makeClone(count, $textpeer_demo, first)
+makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
+makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
 first.destroy
 
 ## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
                  $textpeer_demo.destroy
                  $textpeer_demo = nil
@@ -69,4 +73,4 @@ TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo){|f|
 
   TkGrid.configure(f, '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew', :row=>5000)
 }
-TkGrid.columnconfigure($textpeer_demo, 0, :weight=>1)
+TkGrid.columnconfigure(base_frame, 0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cf863717b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/toolbar.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# toolbar.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toolbar that can be torn off.
+#
+# based on "Id: toolbar.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($toolbar_demo) && $toolbar_demo
+  $toolbar_demo.destroy 
+  $toolbar_demo = nil
+end
+
+$toolbar_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
+  iconname("toolbar")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($toolbar_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+                       :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL))
+This is a demonstration of how to do \
+a toolbar that is styled correctly \
+and which can be torn off (this feature reqrires Tcl/Tk8.5). \
+The buttons are configured to be \\u201Ctoolbar style\\u201D buttons by \
+telling them that they are to use the Toolbutton style. At the left \
+end of the toolbar is a simple marker that the cursor changes to a \
+movement icon over; drag that away from the toolbar to tear off the \
+whole toolbar into a separate toplevel widget. When the dragged-off \
+toolbar is no longer needed, just close it like any normal toplevel \
+and it will reattach to the window it was torn off from.
+EOL
+else
+  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+                       :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL))
+This is a demonstration of how to do \
+a toolbar that is styled correctly. The buttons are configured to \
+be \\u201Ctoolbar style\\u201D buttons by telling them that they are \
+to use the Toolbutton style.
+EOL
+end
+
+## Set up the toolbar hull
+tbar_base = Tk::Frame.new(base_frame, # Must be a starndard Tk frame!
+                          :widgetname=>'toolbar') # for window title
+sep = Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame)
+to_base = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base, :cursor=>'fleur')
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  to  = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
+  to2 = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
+  to.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :padx=>2, :side=>:left)
+  to2.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :side=>:left)
+end
+
+contents = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base)
+Tk.grid(to_base, contents, :sticky=>'nsew')
+tbar_base.grid_columnconfigure(contents, :weight=>1)
+contents.grid_columnconfigure(1000, :weight=>1)
+
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  ## Bindings so that the toolbar can be torn off and reattached
+  to_base.bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  to.     bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  to2.    bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  def tbar_base.tearoff(w, x, y)
+    on_win = TkWinfo.containing(x, y)
+    return unless (on_win && on_win.path =~ /^#{@path}(\.|$)/)
+    self.grid_remove
+    w.grid_remove
+    self.wm_manage
+    # self.wm_title('Toolbar') # if you don't want to use its widget name as a window title.
+    self.wm_protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ self.untearoff(self) }
+  end
+  def tbar_base.untearoff(w)
+    self.wm_forget
+    w.grid
+    self.grid
+  end
+end
+
+## Some content for the rest of the toplevel
+text = TkText.new(base_frame, :width=>40, :height=>10)
+
+## Toolbar contents
+tb_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Button', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
+                         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Button Pressed\n")})
+tb_chk = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Check', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
+                              :variable=>(check = TkVariable.new), 
+                              :command=>proc{
+                                text.insert(:end, "Check is #{check.value}\n")
+                              })
+tb_mbtn = Ttk::Menubutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'Menu')
+tb_combo = Ttk::Combobox.new(tbar_base, :value=>TkFont.families, 
+                             :state=>:readonly)
+tb_mbtn.menu(menu = Tk::Menu.new(tb_mbtn))
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'Just', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Just\n")})
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'An', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "An\n")})
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'Example', 
+         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Example\n")})
+tb_combo.bind('<ComboboxSelected>'){ text.font.family = tb_combo.get }
+
+## Arrange contents
+Tk.grid(tb_btn, tb_chk, tb_mbtn, tb_combo, 
+        :in=>contents, :padx=>2, :sticky=>'ns')
+Tk.grid(tbar_base, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(sep, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(msg, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(text, :sticky=>'nsew')
+base_frame.grid_rowconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
+base_frame.grid_columnconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'toolbar'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $toolbar_demo.destroy
+                           $toolbar_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  Tk.grid(frame, :sticky=>'ew')
+}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c7f0e71a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/tree.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# tree.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# tree widget.
+#
+# based on "Id: tree.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($tree_demo) && $tree_demo
+  $tree_demo.destroy 
+  $tree_demo = nil
+end
+
+$tree_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Directory Browser")
+  iconname("tree")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($tree_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Explanatory text
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
+Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
+One of the widgets it includes is a tree widget, \
+which allows the user to browse a hierarchical data-set such as a filesystem. \
+The tree widget not only allows for the tree part itself, \
+but it also supports an arbitrary number of additional columns \
+which can show additional data (in this case, the size of the files \
+found in your filesystem). \
+You can also change the width of the columns \
+by dragging the boundary between them.
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'tree'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $tree_demo.destroy
+                           $tree_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+## Code to populate the roots of the tree (can be more than one on Windows)
+def populate_roots(tree)
+  TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('file', 'volumes')).sort.each{|dir|
+    populate_tree(tree, tree.insert(nil, :end, :text=>dir, 
+                                    :values=>[dir, 'directory']))
+  }
+end
+
+## Code to populate a node of the tree
+def populate_tree(tree, node)
+  return if tree.get(node, :type) != 'directory'
+
+  path = tree.get(node, :fullpath)
+  tree.delete(tree.children(node))
+  Dir.glob("#{path}/*").sort.each{|f|
+    type = File.ftype(f)
+    id = tree.insert(node, :end, 
+                     :text=>File.basename(f), :values=>[f, type]).id
+    if type == 'directory'
+      ## Make it so that this node is openable
+      tree.insert(id, 0, :text=>'dummy')
+      tree.itemconfigure(id, :text=>File.basename(f))
+    elsif type == 'file'
+      size = File.size(f)
+      if size >= 1024*1024*1024
+        size = '%.1f GB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024/1024)
+      elsif size >= 1024*1024
+        size = '%.1f MB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024)
+      elsif size >= 1024
+        size = '%.1f KB' % (size.to_f/1024)
+      else
+        size = '%.1f bytes' % (size.to_f/1024)
+      end
+      tree.set(id, :size, size)
+    end
+  }
+
+  # Stop this code from rerunning on the current node
+  tree.set(node, :type, 'processed_directory')
+end
+
+## Create the tree and set it up
+tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(fullpath type size), 
+                         :displaycolumns=>['size'])
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+else
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+end
+
+tree.heading_configure('#0', :text=>'Directory Structure')
+tree.heading_configure('size', :text=>'File Size')
+tree.column_configure('size', :stretch=>0, :width=>70)
+populate_roots(tree)
+tree.bind('<TreeviewOpen>', '%W'){|w| populate_tree(w, w.focus_item)}
+
+## Arrange the tree and its scrollbars in the toplevel
+container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+container.lower
+Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5780f589a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkbut.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# ttkbut.rb
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several
+# simple Ttk widgets, such as labels, labelframes, buttons, checkbuttons and
+# radiobuttons.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkbut.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkbut_demo) && $ttkbut_demo
+  $ttkbut_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkbut_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkbut_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Simple Ttk Widgets")
+  iconname("ttkbut")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkbut_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. This is a Ttk themed label, \
+and below are three groups of Ttk widgets in Ttk labelframes. \
+The first group are all buttons that set the current application theme \
+when pressed. The second group contains three sets of checkbuttons, \
+with a separator widget between the sets. Note that the "Enabled" \
+button controls whether all the other themed widgets in this toplevel are \
+in the disabled state. The third group has a collection of linked \
+radiobuttons.
+EOL
+
+## Add buttons for setting the theme
+buttons = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Buttons')
+# Ttk::Style.theme_names.each{|theme|
+#   Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
+#                   :command=>proc{Ttk::Style.theme_use theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
+# }
+Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
+  Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
+                  :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
+}
+
+## Helper procedure for the top checkbutton
+def setState(root, value, *excepts)
+  return if excepts.member?(root)
+
+  ## Non-Ttk widgets (e.g. the toplevel) will fail, so make it silent
+  begin
+    root.state = value
+  rescue
+  end
+
+  ## Recursively invoke on all children of this root that are in the same
+  ## toplevel widget
+  root.winfo_children.each{|w|
+    setState(w, value, *excepts) if w.winfo_toplevel == root.winfo_toplevel
+  }
+end
+
+## Set up the checkbutton group
+checks = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Checkbuttons')
+enabled = TkVariable.new(true)
+e = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Enabled', :variable=>enabled, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           setState($ttkbut_demo, 
+                                    ((enabled.bool)? "!disabled" : "disabled"),
+                                    e)
+                         })
+
+## See ttk_widget(n) for other possible state flags
+sep1 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
+sep2 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
+
+cheese  = TkVariable.new
+tomato  = TkVariable.new
+basil   = TkVariable.new
+oregano = TkVariable.new
+
+c1 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Cheese',  :variable=>cheese)
+c2 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Tomato',  :variable=>tomato)
+c3 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Basil',   :variable=>basil)
+c4 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Oregano', :variable=>oregano)
+
+Tk.pack(e, sep1, c1, c2, sep2, c3, c4, :fill=>:x, :pady=>2)
+
+## Set up the radiobutton group
+radios = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'Radiobuttons')
+
+happyness = TkVariable.new
+
+r1 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Great', :value=>'great')
+r2 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Good', :value=>'good')
+r3 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Ok', :value=>'ok')
+r4 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Poor', :value=>'poor')
+r5 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Awful', :value=>'awful')
+
+Tk.pack(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, :fill=>:x, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Variables', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           showVars(base_frame, ['enabled', enabled], 
+                                    ['cheese', cheese], ['tomato', tomato], 
+                                    ['basil', basil], ['oregano', oregano], 
+                                    ['happyness', happyness])
+                         }), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkbut'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           tmppath = $ttkbut_demo
+                           $ttkbut_demo = nil
+                           $showVarsWin[tmppath.path] = nil
+                           tmppath.destroy
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
+}
+
+## Arrange things neatly
+f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+f.lower
+Tk.grid(buttons, checks, radios, :in=>f, :sticky=>'nwe', :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
+f.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1, 2], :weight=>1, :uniform=>:yes)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75ecdb09c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkmenu.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# ttkmenu.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several Ttk
+# menubutton widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkmenu.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkmenu_demo) && $ttkmenu_demo
+  $ttkmenu_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkmenu_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkmenu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
+  iconname("ttkmenu")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set, \
+and one widget that is available in themed form is the menubutton. \
+Below are some themed menu buttons \
+that allow you to pick the current theme in use. \
+Notice how picking a theme changes the way \
+that the menu buttons themselves look, \
+and that the central menu button is styled differently \
+(in a way that is normally suitable for toolbars). \
+However, there are no themed menus; the standard Tk menus were judged \
+to have a sufficiently good look-and-feel on all platforms, \
+especially as they are implemented as native controls in many places.
+EOL
+
+Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkmenu'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkmenu_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkmenu_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+b1 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:above)
+b2 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:left)
+b3 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:right)
+b4 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:flush,
+                         :style=>Ttk::Menubutton.style('Toolbutton'))
+b5 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'Select a theme',:direction=>:below)
+
+b1.menu(m1 = Tk::Menu.new(b1, :tearoff=>false))
+b2.menu(m2 = Tk::Menu.new(b2, :tearoff=>false))
+b3.menu(m3 = Tk::Menu.new(b3, :tearoff=>false))
+b4.menu(m4 = Tk::Menu.new(b4, :tearoff=>false))
+b5.menu(m5 = Tk::Menu.new(b5, :tearoff=>false))
+
+Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
+  m1.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m2.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m3.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m4.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m5.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+}
+
+f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:x)
+f1 = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+f.lower
+
+f.grid_anchor(:center)
+TkGrid('x', b1, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+TkGrid(b2,  b4, b3,  :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+TkGrid('x', b5, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2a22b447a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttknote.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# ttknote.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# notebook widget.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttknote.tcl,v 1.5 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttknote_demo) && $ttknote_demo
+  $ttknote_demo.destroy 
+  $ttknote_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttknote_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Notebook Widget")
+  iconname("ttknote")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttknote'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttknote_demo.destroy
+                           $ttknote_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Make the notebook and set up Ctrl+Tab traversal
+notebook = Ttk::Notebook.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, 
+                                              :padx=>2, :pady=>3)
+notebook.enable_traversal
+
+## Popuplate the first pane
+f_msg = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+msg_m = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+                       :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :text=><<EOL)
+Ttk is the new Tk themed widget set. \
+One of the widgets it includes is the notebook widget, \
+which provides a set of tabs that allow the selection of a group of panels, \
+each with distinct content. \
+They are a feature of many modern user interfaces. \
+Not only can the tabs be selected with the mouse, \
+but they can also be switched between using Ctrl+Tab \
+when the notebook page heading itself is selected. \
+Note that the second tab is disabled, and cannot be selected.
+EOL
+neat = TkVariable.new
+after_id = nil
+msg_b = Ttk::Button.new(f_msg, :text=>'Neat!', :underline=>0, 
+                        :command=>proc{
+                          neat.value = 'Yeah, I know...'
+                          Tk.after_cancel(after_id) if after_id
+                          after_id = Tk.after(500){neat.value = ''}
+                        })
+msg_b.winfo_toplevel.bind('Alt-n'){ msg_b.focus; msg_b.invoke }
+msg_l = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :textvariable=>neat)
+notebook.add(f_msg, :text=>'Description', :underline=>0, :padding=>2)
+Tk.grid(msg_m, '-', :sticky=>'new', :pady=>2)
+Tk.grid(msg_b, msg_l, :pady=>[2, 4])
+f_msg.grid_rowconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
+f_msg.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1], :weight=>1, :uniform=>1)
+
+## Populate the second pane. Note that the content doesn't really matter
+f_disabled = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+notebook.add(f_disabled, :text=>'Disabled', :state=>:disabled)
+
+## Popuplate the third pane
+f_editor = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+notebook.add(f_editor, :text=>'Text Editor', :underline=>0)
+editor_t = Tk::Text.new(f_editor, :width=>40, :height=>10, :wrap=>:char)
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
+else
+  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
+end
+editor_s.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0,2], :pady=>2)
+editor_t.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>[2,0], :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56df613db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkpane.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# ttkpane.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a Ttk pane with some content.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkpane.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkpane_demo) && $ttkpane_demo
+  $ttkpane_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkpane_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkpane_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Themed Nested Panes")
+  iconname("ttkpane")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkpane_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+This demonstration shows off a nested set of themed paned windows. \
+Their sizes can be changed by grabbing the area \
+between each contained pane and dragging the divider.
+EOL
+
+Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkpane'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkpane_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkpane_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+outer = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal)
+outer.add(in_left = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
+outer.add(in_right = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
+in_left.add(left_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'Button'))
+in_left.add(left_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'Clocks'))
+in_right.add(right_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'Progress'))
+in_right.add(right_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'Text'))
+if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
+  [left_top, left_bot, right_top, right_bot].each{|w| w.padding(3) }
+end
+
+# Fill the button pane
+Ttk::Button.new(left_top, :text=>'Press Me', 
+                :command=>proc{
+                  Tk.messageBox(:type=>'ok', :icon=>'info', :message=>'Ouch!', 
+                                :detail=>'That hurt...', :parent=>base_frame, 
+                                :title=>'Button Pressed')
+                }).pack(:padx=>2, :pady=>5)
+
+
+zones_list = [
+  [':Europe/Berlin'], 
+  [':America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', ':America/Buenos_Aires'], 
+  [':Africa/Johannesburg'], 
+  [':Europe/London'], 
+  [':America/Los_Angeles'], 
+  [':Europe/Moscow'],
+  [':America/New_York'], 
+  [':Asia/Singapore'], 
+  [':Australia/Sydney'], 
+  [':Asia/Tokyo'], 
+]
+
+zones = []
+
+# Check tzinfo support
+if $tk_major_ver > 8 || ($tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver >= 5)
+  tzinfo = :tcl
+
+  # Force a pre-load of all the timezones needed; otherwise can end up
+  # poor-looking synch problems!
+  zones_list.each{|list|
+    list.each{|zone|
+      begin
+        Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', '0', '-timezone', zone)
+      rescue RuntimeError
+        # ignore
+      else
+        zones << [zone, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+        break
+      end
+    }
+  }
+
+else
+  begin
+    require 'tzinfo'
+    tzinfo = :tzinfo
+  rescue Exception
+    begin
+      require 'tzfile'
+      tzinfo = :tzfile
+    rescue Exception
+      tzinfo = nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  case tzinfo
+  when :tzinfo
+    zones_list.each{|list|
+      list.each{|zone|
+        begin
+          tz = TZInfo::Timezone.get(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
+        rescue Exception
+          # ignore
+        else
+          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+          break
+        end
+      }
+    }
+
+  when :tzfile
+    zones_list.each{|list|
+      list.each{|zone|
+        begin
+          tz = TZFile.create(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
+        rescue Exception
+          # ignore
+        else
+          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+          break
+        end
+      }
+    }
+
+  else
+    [ -7, -4, -2, -1, 0, +1, +3, +8, +9, +10 ].each{|zone|
+      zones << [zone, 'UTC%+03d00' % zone]
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+time = TkVariable.new_hash
+
+case tzinfo
+when :tcl
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', now.tv_sec, 
+                             '-timezone', tz, '-format', '%T')
+  }
+when :tzinfo
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = tz.utc_to_local(now).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+when :tzfile
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = tz.at(now.tv_sec).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+else
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = (now + (tz * 3600)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+end
+
+# Fill the clocks pane
+zones.each_with_index{|(zone, label), idx|
+  Ttk::Separator.new(left_bot).pack(:fill=>:x) if idx > 0
+  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :text=>label, :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
+  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :textvariable=>time.ref(label), 
+                 :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
+}
+
+# Timer start
+every = proc{
+  now = Time.now.utc
+  zones.each{|zone, label| update_proc.call(now, zone, label) }
+}
+TkRTTimer.new(1000, -1, every).start(0, every)
+
+# Fill the progress pane
+Ttk::Progressbar.new(right_top, :mode=>:indeterminate).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true).start
+
+# Fill the text pane
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  # The trick with the ttk::frame makes the text widget look like it fits with
+  # the current Ttk theme despite not being a themed widget itself. It is done
+  # by styling the frame like an entry, turning off the border in the text
+  # widget, and putting the text widget in the frame with enough space to allow
+  # the surrounding border to show through (2 pixels seems to be enough).
+  f = Ttk::Frame.new(right_bot, :style=>Ttk::Entry)
+  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
+  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>f, :pady=>2, :padx=>2)
+  scr = txt.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(frame))
+  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
+  f.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+else
+  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
+  scr = txt.yscrollbar(TkScrollbar.new(frame))
+  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
+  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>right_bot)
+  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>10, :pady=>[6, 10])
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3eb9a64a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/ttkprogress.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# ttkprogress.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates several progress bar widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkprogress.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkprogress_demo) && $ttkprogress_demo
+  $ttkprogress_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkprogress_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkprogress_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Progress Bar Demonstration")
+  iconname("ttkprogress")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkprogress_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new(<<EOL)).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Below are two progress bars. \
+The top one is a \\u201Cdeterminate\\u201D progress bar, \
+which is used for showing how far through a defined task the program has got. \
+The bottom one is an \\u201Cindeterminate\\u201D progress bar, \
+which is used to show that the program is busy \
+but does not know how long for. Both are run here in self-animated mode, \
+which can be turned on and off using the buttons underneath.
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'See Code', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkprogress'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Dismiss', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkprogress_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkprogress_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+p1 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:determinate)
+p2 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:indeterminate)
+
+start = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Start Progress', 
+                        :command=>proc{ p1.start; p2.start })
+stop  = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Stop Progress', 
+                        :command=>proc{ p1.stop; p2.stop })
+
+Tk.grid(p1, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+Tk.grid(p2, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+Tk.grid(start, stop, :padx=>10, :pady=>5)
+start.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
+stop.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
+frame.grid_columnconfigure(:all, :weight=>1)
+
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
index f29e49f35a..65ee712ff7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $twind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame
-$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind_demo) {|frame|
+$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc{
@@ -39,13 +41,13 @@ $twind_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
 $twind_text = nil
-TkFrame.new($twind_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>'true', 'font'=>$font, 
                           'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
                           'highlightthickness'=>0, 'borderwidth'=>0 ){|t|
     TkScrollbar.new(f) {|s|
-      command proc{|*args| t.yview(args)}
+      command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
       t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
     }.pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
index c42e0999d7..43990c1151 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/twind2.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ $twind2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame
-$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo) {|frame|
+$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ $twind2_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame
 $twind2_text = nil
-TkFrame.new($twind2_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind2_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>true, 'font'=>$font,
                             # 'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
index 07e3bf52b5..9c230a2536 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/unicodeout.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ $unicodeout_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5.4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 This is a sample of Tk's support for languages that use non-Western \
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ The strings are converted to the encoded string objects \
 And the Tk::UTF8_String objects are passed to the label widgets. 
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'Dismiss', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-wait_msg = TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
+wait_msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
                        :text=>"Please wait while loading fonts...", 
                        :font=>"Helvetica 12 italic").pack
 
@@ -63,8 +65,8 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
   # @@font = 'Newspaper 12'
   # @@font = '{New century schoolbook} 12'
 
-  def initialize()
-    super($unicodeout_demo)
+  def initialize(base)
+    super(base)
     grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
   end
 
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
     l.grid_config(:padx, '1m')
   end
 end
-f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new
+f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new(base_frame)
 f.pack(:expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'1m')
 
 # Processing when some characters are missing might take a while, so make
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
index c0170467d5..b05ed12072 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/vscale.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ $vscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($vscale_demo)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($vscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'Dismiss'
     command proc {
@@ -39,7 +41,17 @@ TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
+def setHeight(w, height)
+  height = height + 21
+  y2 = height - 30
+  if y2 < 21
+    y2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+end
+
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   borderwidth 10
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
@@ -65,13 +77,3 @@ TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'anchor'=>'ne')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack
-
-def setHeight(w, height)
-  height = height + 21
-  y2 = height - 30
-  if y2 < 21
-    y2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
index 391d8532b6..9a0605d8b9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-en/widget
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ require 'tk'
 
 ### $DEBUG=1 ##########
 
+$RubyTk_WidgetDemo = true
+
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # The code below create the main window, consisting of a menu bar
 # and a text widget that explains how to use the program, plus lists
@@ -103,14 +105,22 @@ EOD
 end
 
 # 
-TkMenubar.new($root, 
-              [[['File', 0], 
-                  ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                  '---', 
-                  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
-                ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+  $root.add_menubar([[['File', 0], 
+                        ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                        '---', 
+                        ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
+                      ]])
+else
+  TkMenubar.new($root, 
+                [[['File', 0], 
+                    ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                    '---', 
+                    ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
+                  ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+end
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
-$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
+$root.bind('Control-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -257,7 +267,10 @@ the demonstration.  Once the demonstration window appears, you can \
 click the "See Code" button to see the Ruby/Tk code that created the \
 demonstration.  If you wish, you can edit the code and click the \
 "Rerun Demo" button in the code window to reinvoke the demonstration \
-with the modified code.
+with the modified code. \
+Don't worry about breaking the source code. \
+Your modifications are not reflected on the original file. \
+Please try many kind of changes. 
 
 Some demo scripts require the recent version of Tk library \
 (e.g. Tk8.4 or later) \
@@ -266,6 +279,20 @@ required by the demo script, the demo doesn't work. \
 In such a case, please re-compile tcltklib with the later Tk library \
 which supports the required functions.
 
+If your Tk supports Ttk (Tile) extension (included or installed), \
+please try the demo of Ttk extension (sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb) too.
+( Probably, Ttk extension \
+#{
+begin
+  require 'tkextlib/tile'
+  "is already installed on your environment"
+rescue
+  "is not installed on your environment yet"
+end
+}\
+. )
+Ttk extension is a standard feature of Tk8.5 or later.
+
 
 EOT
 
@@ -299,6 +326,8 @@ txt.insert('end', "13. A simple user interface for viewing images. (if supported
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "14. Labelled frames (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "15. The simple Themed Tk widgets (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-ttkbut")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 txt.insert('end', "Listboxes\n", tag_title)
@@ -309,6 +338,10 @@ txt.insert('end', "2. Colors: change the color scheme for the application.\n", "
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "3. A collection of famous sayings.\n", tag_demo, "demo-sayings")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. A multi-column list of contries. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-mclist")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "5. A directory browser tree. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-tree")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 txt.insert('end', "Entries and Spin-boxes\n", tag_title)
@@ -323,7 +356,9 @@ txt.insert('end',
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. Spin-boxes. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-spin")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. Simple Rolodex-like form.\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
+txt.insert('end', "5. Combo-boxes. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-combo")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. Simple Rolodex-like form.\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -363,31 +398,43 @@ txt.insert('end', "7. A building floor plan. (another way to create canvas items
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "8. A simple scrollable canvas.\n", tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "9. A Knight's tour of the chess board. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-knightstour")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Scales\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Scales and Progress Bars\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Vertical scale.\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Horizontal scale.\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "3. Progress bar. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkprogress")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Paned Windows\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Paned Windows and Notebooks\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Horizontal paned window. (if supported)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-paned1")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Vertical paned window. (if supported)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-paned2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "3. Themed nested panes. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkpane")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. Notebook widget. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttknote")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "Menus\n", tag_title)
+txt.insert('end', "Menus and Toolbars\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Menus and cascades.\n", tag_demo, "demo-menu")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. Menus and cascades. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-menu84")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. Menubuttons\n", tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
+txt.insert('end', "3. Menubuttons.\n", tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. Themed menu buttons. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-ttkmenu")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "5. Themed toolbar. (require Tile/Ttk extension)\n", tag_demo, "demo-toolbar")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -395,9 +442,11 @@ txt.insert('end', "Common Dialogs\n", tag_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. Message boxes.\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. File selection dialog.\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
+txt.insert('end', "2. Message boxes with detail text. (if supported)\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. Color picker.\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
+txt.insert('end', "3. File selection dialog.\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. Color picker.\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -453,7 +502,8 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
   end
   w = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
-    TkLabel.new(w) {
+    base = TkFrame.new(w).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    TkLabel.new(base) {
       text "Variable values:"
       width 20
       anchor 'center'
@@ -475,7 +525,7 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
                    .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
       }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkButton.new(w) {
+    TkButton.new(base) {
       text "OK"
       command proc{w.destroy}
     }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'pady'=>2)
@@ -490,10 +540,12 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
     rescue
     end
   end
-  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|top|
     title "Variable values"
 
-    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"Variable values:", 
+    base = TkFrame.new(top).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+    TkLabelFrame.new(base, :text=>"Variable values:", 
                      :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
       args.each{|vnam,vbody|
         TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
@@ -505,15 +557,15 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
       f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
       f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
     }
-    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"OK", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
-                 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
-      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
-      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+    TkButton.new(base, :text=>"OK", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+                 :command=>proc{top.destroy}){|b|
+      top.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      top.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
 
       b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
     }
-    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
-    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    base.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    base.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
   }
 end
 
@@ -607,10 +659,27 @@ def _null_binding
 end
 private :_null_binding
 
-def eval_samplecode(code)
+def eval_samplecode(code, file=nil)
   #eval(code)
   #_null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) }
-  Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
+  #Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
+  Thread.new{
+    _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{
+      begin
+        if file
+          eval(code, binding, "(eval:#{file})")
+        else
+          eval(code)
+        end
+      rescue Exception=>e
+        #p e
+        TkBgError.show(e.class.inspect + ': ' + e.message + "\n" +
+                         "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" +
+                         e.backtrace.join("\n") +
+                         "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------")
+      end
+    }
+  }
   Tk.update
 end
 
@@ -630,7 +699,7 @@ def invoke(txt, idx)
   Tk.update
   # eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, _null_binding)
   # Tk.update
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, tag[5..-1] + '.rb')
   txt.cursor(cursor)
 
   $tag_visited.add("#{idx} linestart +1 chars", "#{idx} lineend +1 chars")
@@ -687,20 +756,32 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "Dismiss"
       command proc{
         $code_window.destroy
         $code_window = nil
       }
-    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
+    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>25)
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "Rerun Demo"
       # command proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)}
-      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}
-    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
-#    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
-    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
+      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')}
+    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
+
+    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'line:').pack('side'=>'left')
+    linenum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
+    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'  pos:').pack('side'=>'left')
+    posnum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
+
+    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
+      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
+      linenum.text = line
+      posnum.text  = pos
+    }
+
+    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'true', 'fill'=>'x')
 
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       s = TkScrollbar.new($code_window, 'orient'=>'vertical')
@@ -745,10 +826,21 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         TkGrid.columnconfigure(f, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
       }
     end
+
+    btag = TkBindTag.new
+
+    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
+    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
+
+    btags = $code_text.bindtags
+    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
+    $code_text.bindtags = btags
+
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
   end
+
   $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
   $code_window.iconname(file)
 #  fid = open(file, 'r')
@@ -759,6 +851,9 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   #$code_mark = TkTextMark.new($code_text, '1.0')
   #$code_text.set_insert('1.0')
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+
+  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
+
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -779,7 +874,19 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-    
+
+    lf = TkFrame.new(bf)
+    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'line:').pack(:side=>:left)
+    linenum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
+    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'  pos:').pack(:side=>:left)
+    posnum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
+
+    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
+      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
+      linenum.text = line
+      posnum.text  = pos
+    }
+
     b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Dismiss', :default=>:active, 
                          :command=>proc{
                            $code_window.destroy
@@ -792,12 +899,12 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'Rerun Demo', 
                          :command=>proc{
                            # eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)
-                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))
+                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')
                          }, 
                          :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
 
-    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
-    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    TkGrid(lf, 'x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
 
     TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
     TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
@@ -810,6 +917,17 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
       $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
     }
+
+    btag = TkBindTag.new
+
+    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
+    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
+    btag.bind('Configure', $set_linenum, '%W')
+
+    btags = $code_text.bindtags
+    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
+    $code_text.bindtags = btags
+
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
@@ -821,6 +939,9 @@ def showCode2(demo)
   $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
   $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+
+  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
+
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -914,12 +1035,13 @@ end
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.6.3-en\n\n" + 
+                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk widget demonstration Ver.1.7.0-en\n\n" + 
                            "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
-                           "( Copyright:: " + 
+                           "( Copyright of Tcl/Tk demos:: " + 
                            "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
                            "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
-                           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
+                           "(c) 2001-2007 Donal K. Fellows / " + 
+                           "(c) 2002-2007 Daniel A. Steffen )\n\n" +
                            "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
                            "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}\n\n" + 
                            "Ruby/Tk release date :: tcltklib #{TclTkLib::RELEASE_DATE}; tk #{Tk::RELEASE_DATE}")
@@ -941,7 +1063,7 @@ ARGV.each{|cmd|
   end
   #eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, 
   #     _null_binding)
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, cmd + '.rb')
 }
 if no_launcher
   $root.withdraw  # hide root window
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
index c6e5c7385b..aee57f9f6a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/anilabel.rb
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ $anilabel_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($anilabel_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,8 +48,8 @@ TkFrame.new($anilabel_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo Íѥե졼¥àÀ¸À®
-f_left = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($anilabel_demo, :text=>'GIF Image')
+f_left = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame,  :text=>'Scrolling Texts')
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'GIF Image')
 Tk.pack(f_left, f_right, 'side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 
         'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10)
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
index 5f94add111..8fa14f65fe 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/aniwave.rb
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ $aniwave_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($aniwave_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new($aniwave_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -60,6 +62,7 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
     @backupCoords = []
     n = 0
     (-10..300).step(5){|n| @waveCoords << [n, 100]; @backupCoords << [n, 100] }
+    n = 305
     @waveCoords << [n, 0]; @backupCoords << [n, 0]
     @waveCoords << [n+5, 200]; @backupCoords << [n+5, 200]
     @coordsLen = @waveCoords.length
@@ -114,4 +117,4 @@ class AnimatedWaveDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-AnimatedWaveDemo.new($aniwave_demo, :left).move
+AnimatedWaveDemo.new(base_frame, :left).move
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
index b2c1067027..3c49e67b09 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/arrow.rb
@@ -104,14 +104,16 @@ $arrow_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($arrow_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î widget ¤Ç¡¢¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¥é¥¤¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤ÆÍÍ¡¹¤ÊÉý¤äÌð°õ¤ÎƬ¤Î·Á¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£Àþ¤ÎÉý¤äÌð°õ¤Î·Á¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢³ÈÂ礵¤ì¤¿Ìð°õ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë 3¤Ä¤Î»Í³Ñ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£±¦Â¦¤ÎÌð°õ¤ÏÉáÄ̤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ç¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£²¼¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤Ï¥é¥¤¥ó¥¢¥¤¥Æ¥à¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÀßÄꥪ¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
+$arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ $arrow_buttons = TkFrame.new($arrow_demo) {|frame|
 $arrow_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new($arrow_demo, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
+$arrow_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350, 
                              'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2)
 $arrow_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
index 3b6f6242c2..a1bcfdd2e7 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bind.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $bind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($bind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($bind_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -41,14 +43,14 @@ def tag_binding_for_bind_demo(tag, enter_style, leave_style)
 end
 
 # text À¸À®
-txt = TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
+txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   # À¸À®
   setgrid 'true'
   #width  60
   #height 24
   font $font
   wrap 'word'
-  TkScrollbar.new($bind_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -92,32 +94,32 @@ txt = TkText.new($bind_demo){|t|
   }
   d1.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'items.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'items.rb')
           })
   d2.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'plot.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'plot.rb')
           })
   d3.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ctext.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ctext.rb')
           })
   d4.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'arrow.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'arrow.rb')
           })
   d5.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'ruler.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'ruler.rb')
           })
   d6.bind('1', 
           proc{
-            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`)
+            eval_samplecode(`cat #{[$demo_dir,'cscroll.rb'].join(File::Separator)}`, 'cscroll.rb')
           })
 
   TkTextMarkInsert.new(t, '0.0')
   configure('state','disabled')
 }
 
-txt.width 60
-txt.width 24
+txt.width  60
+txt.height 24
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
index 4594892c81..b6b0e54bbe 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/bitmap.rb
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def bitmapRow(w,*args)
       TkFrame.new(row){|base|
         pack('side'=>'left', 'fill'=>'both', 'pady'=>'.25c', 'padx'=>'.25c')
         TkLabel.new(base, 'text'=>bitmap, 'width'=>9).pack('side'=>'bottom')
-        TkLabel.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
+        Tk::Label.new(base, 'bitmap'=>bitmap).pack('side'=>'bottom')
       }
     end
   }
@@ -38,14 +38,16 @@ $bitmap_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($bitmap_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Tk ¤ËÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Î̾Á°¤È¶¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Tcl ¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥ÈÃæ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î̾Á°¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ»²¾È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
+$bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ $bitmap_buttons = TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo) {|frame|
 $bitmap_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame ÀßÄê
-TkFrame.new($bitmap_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   bitmapRow(f,'error','gray25','gray50','hourglass')
   bitmapRow(f,'info','question','questhead','warning')
   pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
index 7e9457f5b4..18e42008c9 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/button.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #
 # button widget demo (called by 'widget')
 #
+#
 
 # toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
 if defined?($button_demo) && $button_demo
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($button_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$button_buttons = TkFrame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
+$button_buttons = Tk::Frame.new($button_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
index 7545df80fa..b953e7f623 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $check_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($check_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($check_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars($check_demo, 
+      showVars(base_frame, 
                ['wipers', wipers], ['brakes', brakes], ['sober', sober])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
@@ -61,8 +63,8 @@ TkFrame.new($check_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton À¸À®
-[ TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check_demo, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| w.relief('flat'); w.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
index 90c6dd736f..7f7cb9e932 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/check2.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $check2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($check2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($check2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ brakes = TkVariable.new(0)
 sober  = TkVariable.new(0)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -60,15 +62,15 @@ TkFrame.new($check2_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # checkbutton À¸À®
-TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, :text=>'°ÂÁ´À­¸¡ºº', :variable=>safety, 
+TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, :text=>'°ÂÁ´À­¸¡ºº', :variable=>safety, 
                   :relief=>:flat, :onvalue=>'all', :offvalue=>'none', 
                   :tristatevalue=>'partial'){
   pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
 }
 
-[ TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
-  TkCheckButton.new($check2_demo, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
+[ TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥ï¥¤¥Ñ¡¼ OK', 'variable'=>wipers),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ö¥ì¡¼¥­ OK', 'variable'=>brakes),
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'±¿Å¾¼ê ÁÇÌÌ', 'variable'=>sober)
 ].each{|w| 
   w.relief('flat')
   w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>15, 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
index d81ecebc83..ce6b99ab94 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/clrpick.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #
 # widget demo prompts the user to select a color (called by 'widget')
 #
+#  Note: don't support ttk_wrapper. work with standard widgets only.
+#
 
 # toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
 if defined?($clrpick_demo) && $clrpick_demo
@@ -17,12 +19,15 @@ $clrpick_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+#TkLabel.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+Tk::Label.new($clrpick_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"°Ê²¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÎÁ°·Ê¿§¤ÈÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ²¼¤µ¤¤¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
+# TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+Tk::Frame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
+  # TkButton.new(frame) {
+  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
     command proc{
@@ -32,20 +37,23 @@ TkFrame.new($clrpick_demo) {|frame|
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-  TkButton.new(frame) {
+  # TkButton.new(frame) {
+  Tk::Button.new(frame) {
     text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
     command proc{showCode 'clrpick'}
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # button À¸À®
-TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'ÇØ·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'background', 
               ['background', 'highlightbackground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
 
-TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+# TkButton.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
+Tk::Button.new($clrpick_demo, 'text'=>'Á°·Ê¿§¤òÀßÄê ...') {|b|
   command(proc{setColor $clrpick_demo, b, 'foreground', ['foreground']})
   pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'c', 'pady'=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
index 68b40e69f0..91817a947b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/colors.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $colors_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($colors_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($colors_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($colors_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 colors_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   colors_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
@@ -59,7 +61,15 @@ TkFrame.new($colors_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   colors_lbox.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>1, 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y')
 
-colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
+#colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get})
+colors_lbox.bind('Double-1', proc{
+                   begin
+                     TkPalette.setPalette TkSelection.get
+                   rescue => e
+                     p e
+                     Tk.tk_call_without_enc('destroy', '.___tk_set_palette')
+                   end
+                   })
 
 ins_data = [
   'gray60','gray70','gray80','gray85','gray90','gray95',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da00d712ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/combo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# combo.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates several combobox widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: combo.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($combo_demo) && $combo_demo
+  $combo_demo.destroy 
+  $combo_demo = nil
+end
+
+$combo_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Combobox Demonstration")
+  iconname("combo")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($combo_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï3¼ïÎà¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+ºÇ½é¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¤¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÈƱ¤¸Íͤˡ¤\
+¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥È¤·¤¿¤ê¡¤¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤¿¤ê¡¤¥¿¥¤¥×¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤Þ¤¿¡¤Return¥­¡¼¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ì¤Ð¸½ºß¤ÎÃͤ¬¥ê¥¹¥È¤ËÄɲ䵤졤\
+¥É¥í¥Ã¥×¥À¥¦¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤éÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¢­(²¼¸þ¤­Ìð°õ)¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤·¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é\
+Ìð°õ¥­¡¼¤Ç¾¤Î¸õÊä¤òÁª¤ó¤ÇReturn¥­¡¼¤ò²¡¤»¤Ð¡¤ÃͤòÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+2ÈÖÌܤΥ³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÏÆÃÄê¤ÎÃͤ˸ÇÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¤°ìÀÚÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥\
+3ÈÖÌܤΤâ¤Î¤Ï¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢¤ÎÅԻԤΥɥí¥Ã¥×¥À¥¦¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é\
+ÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤À¤±¤¬²Äǽ¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+## variables
+firstValue  = TkVariable.new
+secondValue = TkVariable.new
+ozCity      = TkVariable.new
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           showVars(base_frame, 
+                                    ['firstVariable', firstValue], 
+                                    ['secondVariable', secondValue], 
+                                    ['ozCity', ozCity])
+                         }), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'combo'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $combo_demo.destroy
+                           $combo_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+australianCities = [
+  '¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ù¥é', '¥·¥É¥Ë¡¼', '¥á¥ë¥Ü¥ë¥ó', '¥Ñ¡¼¥¹', '¥¢¥Ç¥ì¡¼¥É', 
+  '¥Ö¥ê¥¹¥Ù¡¼¥ó', '¥Û¥Ð¡¼¥È', '¥À¡¼¥¦¥£¥ó', '¥¢¥ê¥¹ ¥¹¥×¥ê¥ó¥°¥¹'
+]
+
+
+secondValue.value = 'Êѹ¹ÉÔ²Ä'
+ozCity.value = '¥·¥É¥Ë¡¼'
+
+Tk.pack(Ttk::Labelframe.new(frame, :text=>'Fully Editable'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>firstValue){|b|
+            b.bind('Return', '%W'){|w|
+              w.values <<= w.value unless w.values.include?(w.value)
+            }
+          }.pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Disabled'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>secondValue, :state=>:disabled) .
+            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        Ttk::LabelFrame.new(frame, :text=>'Defined List Only'){|f|
+          Ttk::Combobox.new(f, :textvariable=>ozCity, :state=>:readonly, 
+                            :values=>australianCities) .
+            pack(:pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+        }, 
+
+        :side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
index 0be26133c5..845952679a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/cscroll.rb
@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@ $cscroll_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($cscroll_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 
             'justify'=>'left', 'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ä¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó2 ¤Ç¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¤Ç¤­¤ë¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£»Í³Ñ¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Ü¥¿¥ó1 ¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤Î¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É¸½à½ÐÎϤ˽ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {|frame|
+$cscroll_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ $cscroll_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame ÀßÄê
 unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new($cscroll_demo) {
+  $cscroll_grid = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
     pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both', 'padx'=>1, 'pady'=>1)
   }
   TkGrid.rowconfigure($cscroll_grid, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ unless $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
 end
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo, 
+$cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 
                                'relief'=>'sunken', 'borderwidth'=>2,
                                'scrollregion'=>['-11c', '-11c', '50c', '20c']
                                ) {|c|
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo,
          'rowspan'=>1, 'columnspan'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
   end
 
-  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}) {|vs|
     c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ $cscroll_canvas = TkCanvas.new($cscroll_demo,
     end
   }
 
-  TkScrollbar.new($cscroll_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                   'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}) {|hs|
     c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
index f5daf7ca05..05ca732cfd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ctext.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $ctext_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èµ¡Ç½¤ò¥Ç¥â¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥Èʸ»úÎó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ò»Í³Ñ¤ÎÃæ¤Ë»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤­¡¢¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤È°ÌÃÖ¤®¤áÍѤÎÅÀ¤«¤é¤ÎÁêÂаÌÃÖ¤òÊѤ¨¤¿¤ê¡¢¹Ô·¤¨¤òÊѤ¨¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÊÔ½¸¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î´Êñ¤Ê¥Ð¥¤¥ó¥Ç¥£¥ó¥°¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
 
   1. ¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤­¡¢¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢ÆþÎϤǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ TkLabel.new($ctext_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left',
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
+$ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ $ctext_buttons = TkFrame.new($ctext_demo) {|frame|
 $ctext_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas À¸À®
-$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ctext_demo, 'relief'=>'flat', 
+$ctext_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'flat', 
                              'borderwidth'=>0, 'width'=>500, 'height'=>350)
 $ctext_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
index d794282284..2be29c18d3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry1.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $entry1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($entry1_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,9 +46,9 @@ TkFrame.new($entry1_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # entry À¸À®
-e1 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e2 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
-e3 = TkEntry.new($entry1_demo, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e1 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e2 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+e3 = TkEntry.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 [e1,e2,e3].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>5, 'fill'=>'x')}
 
 # ½é´üÃÍÁÞÆþ
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
index 528ad6dec4..2675b5d324 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry2.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $entry2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($entry2_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new($entry2_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($entry2_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   # entry 1
   s1 = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'orient'=>'horiz')
   e1 = TkEntry.new(w, 'relief'=>'sunken') {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
index 46426af6ae..6b9cd4cf37 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/entry3.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ $entry3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($entry3_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($entry3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 °Ê²¼¤Ë¤Ï£´¼ïÎà¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï¡¤\
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ TkLabel.new($entry3_demo,
 ÆþÎϤµ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¤Ï¥¢¥¹¥¿¥ê¥¹¥¯µ­¹æ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -65,23 +67,41 @@ TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
 # count -       Counter to control the number of times flashed
 def focusAndFlash(widget, fg, bg, count=5)
   return if count <= 0
-  TkTimer.new(100, count, 
-              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
-              proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
-              ).start
+  if fg && !fg.empty? && bg && !bg.empty?
+    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>bg, :background=>fg)}, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, :background=>bg)}
+                ).start
+  else
+    # TkTimer.new(150, 3){Tk.bell}.start
+    Tk.bell
+    TkTimer.new(200, count, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'white', 
+                                      :background=>'black')}, 
+                proc{widget.configure(:foreground=>'black', 
+                                      :background=>'white')}
+                ).at_end{begin
+                           widget.configure(:foreground=>fg, 
+                                            :background=>bg)
+                         rescue
+                           # ignore
+                         end}.start
+  end
   widget.focus(true)
 end
 
-l1 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"À°¿ô¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l1 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"À°¿ô¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l1, :validate=>:focus, 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
             ]) {|e|
-  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, e.fg, e.bg)}, '%W']
+  fg = e.foreground
+  bg = e.background
+  invalidcommand [proc{|w| focusAndFlash(w, fg, bg)}, '%W']
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l2 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"ŤµÀ©ÌóÉÕ¤­¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l2 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"ŤµÀ©ÌóÉÕ¤­¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l2, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :vcmd=>[proc{|s| s.length < 10}, '%P']
             ).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
@@ -162,15 +182,15 @@ def validatePhoneChange(widget, vmode, idx, char)
     widget.delete(idx)
     widget.insert(idx, $phoneNumberMap[char] || char)
     Tk.after_idle(proc{phoneSkipRight(widget, -1)})
-    # Tk.update(true) # Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
-                      # It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1). 
+    # Tk.update(true)  # <- Don't work 'update' inter validation callback.
+                       #    It depends on Tcl/Tk side (tested on Tcl/Tk8.5a1).
     return true
   end
   return false
 end
 
 
-l3 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"ÊƹñÅÅÏÃÈֹ楨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l3 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"ÊƹñÅÅÏÃÈֹ楨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell}, 
             :textvariable=>entry3content, 
             :vcmd=>[
@@ -189,14 +209,14 @@ TkEntry.new(l3, :validate=>:key, :invcmd=>proc{Tk.bell},
   pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 }
 
-l4 = TkLabelFrame.new($entry3_demo, :text=>"¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
+l4 = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>"¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê")
 TkEntry.new(l4, :validate=>:key, :show=>'*', 
             :vcmd=>[
               proc{|s| s.length <= 8}, 
               '%P'
             ]).pack(:fill=>:x, :expand=>true, :padx=>'1m', :pady=>'1m')
 
-TkFrame.new($entry3_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   lower
   TkGrid.configure(l1, l2, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
   TkGrid.configure(l3, l4, :in=>f, :padx=>'3m', :pady=>'1m', :sticky=>:ew)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
index 04b4810b3b..b8846d08a0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/filebox.rb
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@ $filebox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($filebox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($filebox_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left',
             'text'=>"¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òľÀÜÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤«¡¢\"Browse\" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤·¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¤«¤é¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 ['³«¤¯', 'Êݸ'].each{|type|
-  TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò#{type}: ", 'anchor'=>'e')\
     .pack('side'=>'left')
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
       pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
 
       TkButton.new(f, 'text'=>'Browse ...', 
-                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog $filebox_demo,e,type})\
+                   'command'=>proc{fileDialog base_frame,e,type})\
       .pack('side'=>'left')
     }
 
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ TkFrame.new($filebox_demo) {|frame|
 
 $tk_strictMotif = TkVarAccess.new('tk_strictMotif')
 if ($tk_platform['platform'] == 'unix')
-  TkCheckButton.new($filebox_demo, 
+  TkCheckButton.new(base_frame, 
                     'text'=>'Motif¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¤òÍѤ¤¤ë', 
                     'variable'=>$tk_strictMotif, 
                     'onvalue'=>1, 'offvalue'=>0 ).pack('anchor'=>'c')
@@ -91,7 +93,10 @@ def fileDialog(w,ent,operation)
   if file != ""
     ent.delete 0, 'end'
     ent.insert 0, file
-    ent.xview 'end'
+    # ent.xview 'end'
+    Tk.update_idletasks # need this for Tk::Tile::Entry
+                        # (to find right position of 'xview').
+    ent.xview(ent.index('end'))
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
index b7d07bdafa..a2ec2e9969 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor.rb
@@ -1587,14 +1587,16 @@ $floor_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($floor_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¸¥¿¥ë¥¨¥¯¥¤¥Ã¥×¥á¥ó¥È¼Ò¤Î¥¦¥§¥¹¥¿¥ó¥ê¥µ¡¼¥Á¥é¥Ü¥é¥È¥ê (DECWRL) ¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï 3³¬·ú¤Æ¤Ç¡¢¾ï¤Ë¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î1³¬Ê¬¤¬ÁªÂò¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤½¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤ë³¬¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Îº¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë³¬¤Î¾å¤òÆ°¤¯¤È¡¢¤½¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Éô²°Èֹ椬¡ÖÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ:¡×¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤½¤ÎÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|frame|
+$floor_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -1618,17 +1620,17 @@ $floorItems = {}
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1637,7 +1639,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new($floor_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
index b7571a592f..d4381c5543 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/floor2.rb
@@ -1587,14 +1587,16 @@ $floor2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   minsize(100,100)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($floor2_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'8i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥¸¥¿¥ë¥¨¥¯¥¤¥Ã¥×¥á¥ó¥È¼Ò¤Î¥¦¥§¥¹¥¿¥ó¥ê¥µ¡¼¥Á¥é¥Ü¥é¥È¥ê (DECWRL) ¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget ¤¬Æþ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï 3³¬·ú¤Æ¤Ç¡¢¾ï¤Ë¤½¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î1³¬Ê¬¤¬ÁªÂò¡¢¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¤½¤Î´Ö¼è¤ê¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤ë³¬¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Îº¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë³¬¤Î¾å¤òÆ°¤¯¤È¡¢¤½¤Î²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ëÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¡¢Éô²°Èֹ椬¡ÖÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ:¡×¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ËÉô²°ÈÖ¹æ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤È¤½¤ÎÉô²°¤Î¿§¤¬ÊѤï¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|frame|
+$floor2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -1618,17 +1620,17 @@ $floorItems2 = {}
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
 if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
-  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new($floor2_demo,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
+  $floor2_canvas_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame,'bd'=>2,'relief'=>'sunken',
                                     'highlightthickness'=>2)
   $floor2_canvas = TkCanvas.new($floor2_canvas_frame, 
                                'width'=>900, 'height'=>500, 'borderwidth'=>0, 
                                'highlightthickness'=>0) {|c|
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'orient'=>'horiz', 
                     'command'=>proc{|*args| c.xview(*args)}){|hs|
       c.xscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| hs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkScrollbar.new($floor2_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
+    TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| c.yview(*args)}){|vs|
       c.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| vs.set first,last})
       pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     }
@@ -1637,7 +1639,7 @@ if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
   $floor2_canvas.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 else
-  TkFrame.new($floor2_demo) {|f|
+  TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
     pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'both', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
     h = TkScrollbar.new(f, 'highlightthickness'=>0, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
index 637dd9a8ea..4de7056764 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/form.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $form_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($form_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($form_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($form_demo) {|frame|
 # entry À¸À®
 form_data = []
 (1..5).each{|i|
-  f = TkFrame.new($form_demo, 'bd'=>2)
+  f = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'bd'=>2)
   e = TkEntry.new(f, 'relief'=>'sunken', 'width'=>40)
   l = TkLabel.new(f)
   e.pack('side'=>'right')
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
index 8bf0104c16..a81c7ec70c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/goldberg.rb
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ $goldberg_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 #  positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($goldberg_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 =begin
 # label
 msg = TkLabel.new($goldberg_demo) {
@@ -177,7 +179,8 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
     do_ctrl_frame
     do_detail_frame
 
-    msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    # msg = TkLabel.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
+    msg = Tk::Label.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'], :fg=>'white') {
       font 'Arial 10'
       wraplength 600
       justify 'left'
@@ -187,7 +190,8 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
 
     frame = TkFrame.new(@parent, :bg=>@C['bg'])
 
-    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
       command proc{
         tmppath = $goldberg_demo
@@ -196,12 +200,14 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
       }
     }.pack('side'=>'left')
 
-    TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    # TkButton.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
+    Tk::Button.new(frame, :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg']) {
       text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
       command proc{showCode 'goldberg'}
     }.pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>5)
 
-    @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    # @show = TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
+    @show = Tk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'>>', :command=>proc{show_ctrl}, 
                          :bg=>@C['bg'], :activebackground=>@C['bg'])
     @show.pack('side'=>'left')
     frame.place(:in=>@canvas, :relx=>1, :rely=>0, :anchor=>:ne)
@@ -210,10 +216,11 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 
   def do_ctrl_frame
-    @start = TkButton.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
+    @start = Tk::Button.new(@parent, :text=>'Start', :bd=>6, 
                           :command=>proc{do_button(0)})
-    @start.font(@start['font'].weight('bold'))
-    font = @start['font']
+    if font = @start['font']
+      @start.font(font.weight('bold'))
+    end
 
     @pause = TkCheckbutton.new(@parent, :text=>'Pause', :font=>font, 
                                :command=>proc{do_button(1)}, :relief=>:raised, 
@@ -2001,4 +2008,4 @@ class TkGoldberg_Demo
   end
 end
 
-TkGoldberg_Demo.new($goldberg_demo)
+TkGoldberg_Demo.new(base_frame)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
index b636f0579f..5615aa50bd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/hscale.rb
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ $hscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($hscale_demo)
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($hscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($hscale_demo) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
-TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -40,7 +41,17 @@ TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
+def setWidth(w, width)
+  width = width + 21
+  x2 = width - 30
+  if x2 < 21
+    x2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
+end
+
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
     height 50
@@ -65,13 +76,3 @@ TkFrame.new($hscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'anchor'=>'n')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
-
-def setWidth(w, width)
-  width = width + 21
-  x2 = width - 30
-  if x2 < 21
-    x2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-  w.coords 'line',20,15,20,35,x2,35,x2,45,width,25,x2,5,x2,15,20,15
-end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
index 26382a57a7..a2ca6651dc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/icon.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $icon_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($icon_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($icon_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($icon_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -61,16 +63,18 @@ TkBitmapImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
 letters = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
   TkFrame.new(w) {|f|
-    TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
       value 'full'
     }.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes')
 
-    TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    # TkRadioButton.new(f){
+    Tk::RadioButton.new(f){
       bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                      'images','noletter.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
       variable letters
@@ -79,14 +83,16 @@ TkFrame.new($icon_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10){|w|
 
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
     image flagdown
     selectimage flagup
     indicatoron 0
     selectcolor self['background']
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'5m')
 
-  TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  # TkCheckButton.new(w) {
+  Tk::CheckButton.new(w) {
     bitmap '@' + [$demo_dir,'..',
                    'images','letters.xbm'].join(File::Separator)
     indicatoron 0
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
index 3b56d240dc..d9435cc1a2 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image1.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $image1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image1_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($image1_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -53,7 +55,10 @@ TkPhotoImage.new('file'=>[$demo_dir,'..',
                           'images','earthris.gif'].join(File::Separator))
 
 # label À¸À®
-[ TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
-  TkLabel.new($image1_demo, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+#[ TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+#  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
+#].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
+[ Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1a, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken'),
+  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>image1b, 'bd'=>1, 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5m', 'pady'=>'.5m')}
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
index de627448c1..1bb2c9e9c3 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image2.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $image2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image2_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -51,21 +53,21 @@ $dirName = TkVariable.new([$demo_dir,'..','images'].join(File::Separator))
 $image2a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 # ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾ÆþÎÏÉô
-TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')\
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-image2_e = TkEntry.new($image2_demo) {
+image2_e = TkEntry.new(base_frame) {
   width 30
   textvariable $dirName
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20)\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:')\
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:')\
 .pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
-TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   l = TkListbox.new(w) {
     width 20
@@ -84,9 +86,10 @@ TkFrame.new($image2_demo){|w|
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')
 
 # image ÇÛÃÖ
-[ TkFrame.new($image2_demo, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
-  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'text'=>'²èÁü:'),
-  TkLabel.new($image2_demo, 'image'=>$image2a)
+[ TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'height'=>'3m', 'width'=>20),
+  TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'²èÁü:'),
+  # TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
+  Tk::Label.new(base_frame, 'image'=>$image2a)
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
 # ¥á¥½¥Ã¥ÉÄêµÁ
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
index 36c1823745..12b8aafd8e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/image3.rb
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ $image3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # 
 def loadDir3(w)
   w.delete(0,'end')
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ end
 
 
 # label
-msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($image3_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($image3_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -88,11 +90,11 @@ end
 $image3a = TkPhotoImage.new
 
 #
-image3_f = TkFrame.new($image3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+image3_f = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
-image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')
+image3_df = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê:')
 
-image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:', 
+image3_ff = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë:', 
                              :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 image3_lbx = TkListbox.new(image3_ff, :width=>20, :height=>10) {
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :expand=>true)
@@ -112,8 +114,9 @@ TkButton.new(image3_df, :pady=>0, :padx=>'2m', :text=>"¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁªÂò",
   pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0, '2m'], :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
-image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new($image3_demo, :text=>'¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸:') {|f|
-  TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+image3_if = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸:') {|f|
+  # TkLabel.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
+  Tk::Label.new(f, :image=>$image3a).pack(:padx=>'2m', :pady=>'2m')
 }
 
 Tk.grid(image3_df,  '-',
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
index c173d3b57f..64ceeff3ec 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/items.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $items_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($items_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ TkLabel.new($items_demo) {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 cvs = nil
-TkFrame.new($items_demo) {|cf|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|cf|
   # canvas À¸À®
   cvs = TkCanvas.new(cf) {|c|
     focus
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4595ea441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/knightstour.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# Based on the widget demo of Tcl/Tk8.5.2
+# The following is the original copyright text.
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (C) 2008 Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sourceforge.net>
+#
+#	Calculate a Knight's tour of a chessboard.
+#
+#	This uses Warnsdorff's rule to calculate the next square each
+#	time. This specifies that the next square should be the one that
+#	has the least number of available moves.
+#
+#	Using this rule it is possible to get to a position where
+#	there are no squares available to move into. In this implementation
+#	this occurs when the starting square is d6.
+#
+#	To solve this fault an enhancement to the rule is that if we
+#	have a choice of squares with an equal score, we should choose
+#	the one nearest the edge of the board.
+#
+#	If the call to the Edgemost function is commented out you can see
+#	this occur.
+#
+#	You can drag the knight to a specific square to start if you wish.
+#	If you let it repeat then it will choose random start positions
+#	for each new tour.
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+require 'tk'
+
+class Knights_Tour
+  # Return a list of accessible squares from a given square
+  def valid_moves(square)
+    moves = []
+    [
+      [-1,-2], [-2,-1], [-2,1], [-1,2], [1,2], [2,1], [2,-1], [1,-2]
+    ].each{|col_delta, row_delta|
+      col = (square % 8) + col_delta
+      row = (square.div(8)) + row_delta
+      moves << (row * 8 + col) if row > -1 && row < 8 && col > -1 && col < 8
+    }
+    moves
+  end
+
+  # Return the number of available moves for this square
+  def check_square(square)
+    valid_moves(square).find_all{|pos| ! @visited.include?(pos)}.length
+  end
+
+  # Select the next square to move to. Returns -1 if there are no available
+  # squares remaining that we can move to.
+  def next_square(square)
+    minimum = 9
+    nxt = -1
+    valid_moves(square).each{|pos|
+      unless @visited.include?(pos)
+        cnt = check_square(pos)
+        if cnt < minimum
+          minimum = cnt
+          nxt = pos
+        elsif cnt == minimum
+          nxt = edgemost(nxt, pos)
+        end
+      end
+    }
+    nxt
+  end
+
+  # Select the square nearest the edge of the board
+  def edgemost(nxt, pos)
+    col_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt % 8).abs.to_i)
+    col_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos % 8).abs.to_i)
+    row_A = 3 - ((3.5 - nxt.div(8)).abs.to_i)
+    row_B = 3 - ((3.5 - pos.div(8)).abs.to_i)
+    (col_A * row_A < col_B * row_B)? nxt : pos
+  end
+
+  # Display a square number as a standard chess square notation.
+  def _N(square)
+    '%c%d' % [(97 + square % 8), (square.div(8) + 1)]
+  end
+
+  # Perform a Knight's move and schedule the next move.
+  def move_piece(last, square)
+    @log.insert(:end, "#{@visited.length}. #{_N last} -> #{_N square}\n", '')
+    @log.see(:end)
+    @board.itemconfigure(1+last, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'black')
+    @board.itemconfigure(1+square, :state=>:normal, :outline=>'red')
+    @knight.coords(@board.coords(1+square)[0..1])
+    @visited << square
+    if (nxt = next_square(square)) != -1
+      @after_id = Tk.after(@delay.numeric){move_piece(square, nxt) rescue nil}
+    else
+      @start_btn.state :normal
+      if @visited.length == 64
+        if @initial == square
+          @log.insert :end, '¼þÍ·(closed tour)À®¸ù¡ª'
+        else
+          @log.insert :end, "À®¸ù\n", {}
+          Tk.after(@delay.numeric * 2){tour(rand(64))} if @continuous.bool
+        end
+      else
+        @log.insert :end, "¼ºÇÔ¡ª\n", {}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Begin a new tour of the board given a random start position
+  def tour(square = nil)
+    @visited.clear
+    @log.clear
+    @start_btn.state :disabled
+    1.upto(64){|n|
+      @board.itemconfigure(n, :state=>:disabled, :outline=>'black')
+    }
+    unless square
+      square = @board.find_closest(*(@knight.coords << 0 << 65))[0].to_i - 1
+    end
+    @initial = square
+    Tk.after_idle{ move_piece(@initial, @initial) rescue nil }
+  end
+
+  def _stop
+    Tk.after_cancel(@after_id) rescue nil
+  end
+
+  def _exit
+    _stop
+    $knightstour.destroy
+  end
+
+  def set_delay(new)
+    @delay.numeric = new.to_i
+  end
+
+  def drag_start(w, x, y)
+    w.dtag('selected')
+    w.addtag('selected', :withtag, 'current')
+    @dragging = [x, y]
+  end
+
+  def drag_motion(w, x, y)
+    return unless @dragging
+    w.move('selected', x - @dragging[0], y - @dragging[1])
+    @dragging = [x, y]
+  end
+
+  def drag_end(w, x, y)
+    square = w.find_closest(x, y, 0, 65)
+    w.coords('selected', w.coords(square)[0..1])
+    w.dtag('selected')
+    @dragging = nil
+  end
+
+  def make_SeeDismiss
+    ## See Code / Dismiss
+    frame = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+    Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+    TkGrid('x', 
+           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                           :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                           :command=>proc{showCode 'knightstour'}), 
+           Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                           :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                           :command=>proc{
+                             $knightstour.destroy
+                             $knightstour = nil
+                           }), 
+           :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+    frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    frame
+  end
+
+  def create_gui(parent = nil)
+    $knightstour.destroy rescue nil
+    $knightstour = Tk::Toplevel.new(parent, :title=>"Knight's tour")
+    $knightstour.withdraw
+    base_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    @board = Tk::Canvas.new(base_f, :width=>240, :height=>240)
+    @log = Tk::Text.new(base_f, :width=>12, :height=>1, 
+                        :font=>'Arial 8', :background=>'white')
+    scr = @log.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_f))
+
+    @visited = []
+    @delay = TkVariable.new(600)
+    @continuous = TkVariable.new(false)
+
+    tool_f = Ttk::Frame.new($knightstour)
+    label = Ttk::Label.new(tool_f, :text=>'¼Â¹Ô®ÅÙ')
+    scale = Ttk::Scale.new(tool_f, :from=>8, :to=>2000, :variable=>@delay, 
+                           :command=>proc{|n| set_delay(n)})
+    check = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tool_f, :text=>'È¿Éü', 
+                                 :variable=>@continuous)
+    @start_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'³«»Ï', 
+                                 :command=>proc{tour()})
+    @exit_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tool_f, :text=>'½ªÎ»', 
+                                :command=>proc{_exit()})
+
+    7.downto(0){|row|
+      0.upto(7){|col|
+        if ((col & 1) ^ (row & 1)).zero?
+          fill  = 'bisque'
+          dfill = 'bisque3'
+        else
+          fill  = 'tan3'
+          dfill = 'tan4'
+        end
+        coords = [col * 30 + 4, row * 30 + 4, col * 30 + 30, row * 30 + 30]
+        @board.create(TkcRectangle, coords, 
+                      :fill=>fill, :disabledfill=>dfill,
+                      :width=>2, :state=>:disabled)
+      }
+    }
+
+    @knight_font = TkFont.new(:size=>-24)
+    @knight = TkcText.new(@board, 0, 0, :font=>@knight_font, 
+                          :text=>Tk::UTF8_String.new('\u265e'), 
+                          :anchor=>'nw', # :tags=>'knight', 
+                          :fill=>'black', :activefill=>'#600000')
+    @knight.coords(@board.coords(rand(64)+1)[0..1])
+    @knight.bind('ButtonPress-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_start(w,x,y)}
+    @knight.bind('Motion', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_motion(w,x,y)}
+    @knight.bind('ButtonRelease-1', '%W %x %y'){|w,x,y| drag_end(w,x,y)}
+
+    Tk.grid(@board, @log, scr, :sticky=>'news')
+    base_f.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    base_f.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    Tk.grid(base_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'news')
+    widgets = [label, scale, check, @start_btn]
+    sg = nil
+    unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+      widgets << @exit_btn
+      if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+        #widgets.unshift(Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f))
+        Ttk::SizeGrip.new(tool_f).pack(:side=>:right, :anchor=>'se')
+      end
+    end
+    Tk.pack(widgets, :side=>:right)
+    if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
+      TkPack.configure(widgets, :padx=>[4, 4], :pady=>[12, 12])
+      TkPack.configure(widgets[0], :padx=>[4, 24])
+      TkPack.configure(widgets[-1], :padx=>[16, 4])
+    end
+
+    Tk.grid(tool_f, '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
+
+    if $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+      Tk.grid(make_SeeDismiss(), '-', '-', '-', '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew')
+    end
+
+    $knightstour.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    $knightstour.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+    $knightstour.bind('Control-F2'){TkConsole.show}
+    $knightstour.bind('Return'){@start_btn.invoke}
+    $knightstour.bind('Escape'){@exit_btn.invoke}
+    $knightstour.bind('Destroy'){ _stop }
+    $knightstour.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ _exit }
+
+    $knightstour.deiconify
+    $knightstour.tkwait_destroy
+  end
+
+  def initialize(parent = nil)
+    create_gui(parent)
+  end
+end
+
+Tk.root.withdraw unless $RubyTk_WidgetDemo
+Thread.new{Tk.mainloop} if __FILE__ == $0
+Knights_Tour.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
index a1ecc2ec80..2e6b3e7e57 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/label.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $label_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($label_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($label_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -45,8 +47,8 @@ TkFrame.new($label_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # label demo Íѥե졼¥àÀ¸À®
-f_left = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
-f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
+f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 [f_left, f_right].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 
                                   'padx'=>10, 'pady'=>10, 'fill'=>'both')}
 
@@ -57,7 +59,8 @@ f_right = TkFrame.new($label_demo)
   TkLabel.new(f_left, 'text'=>'3 ÈÖÌÜ¡£ÄÀ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹ ', 'relief'=>'sunken')
 ].each{|w| w.pack('side'=>'top', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2, 'anchor'=>'w')}
 
-TkLabel.new(f_right) {
+# TkLabel.new(f_right) {
+Tk::Label.new(f_right) {
   bitmap('@' + [$demo_dir,'..','images','face.xbm'].join(File::Separator))
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
index f16b601ffd..11b0d27308 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/labelframe.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $labelframe_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # Some information
-TkLabel.new($labelframe_demo, 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 TkLabelFrame ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï´ØÏ¢¤¹¤ë widget 
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ labelframe ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo){|f|
 }
 
 # Demo area
-w = TkFrame.new($labelframe_demo).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
+w = TkFrame.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:both, 
                                        :expand=>true)
 
 # A group of radiobuttons in a labelframe
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7834d2668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/mclist.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# mclist.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# tree widget configured as a multi-column listbox.
+#
+# based on "Id: mclist.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($mclist_demo) && $mclist_demo
+  $mclist_demo.destroy 
+  $mclist_demo = nil
+end
+
+$mclist_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Multi-Column List")
+  iconname("mclist")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($mclist_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Explanatory text
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
+Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï\
+Ttk¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥»¥Ã¥È¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ç¡¤\
+¤½¤ì¤¬ÊÝ»ý¤¹¤ëÌÚ¹½Â¤¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Þ¤Ç¤Ïɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
+¼¨¤·¤¿¤¤¾ðÊó¤ò¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥«¥é¥à¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï¡¤Ê£¿ô¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥ê¥¹¥È¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤òºîÀ®¤¹¤ë´Êñ¤ÊÎã¤Ç¤¹¡¥
+³Æ¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë(heading)¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ì¤Ð¡¤\
+¤½¤Î¥«¥é¥à¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æ¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎʤÙÂؤ¨¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¤Þ¤¿¡¤¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë´Ö¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êÉôʬ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
+¥«¥é¥à¤ÎÉý¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'mclist'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $mclist_demo.destroy
+                           $mclist_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame)
+tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(country capital currency), 
+                          :show=>:headings)
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aquq'
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+else
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+end
+
+container.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+
+## The data we're going to insert
+data = [
+  ['¥¢¥ë¥¼¥ó¥Á¥ó', 	'¥Ö¥¨¥Î¥¹¥¢¥¤¥ì¥¹', 	'ARS'], 
+  ['¥ª¡¼¥¹¥È¥é¥ê¥¢',	'¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ù¥é',		'AUD'], 
+  ['¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ë', 		'¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ê¥¢', 		'BRL'], 
+  ['¥«¥Ê¥À', 		'¥ª¥¿¥ï', 		'CAD'], 
+  ['Ãæ¹ñ',		'Ë̵þ', 		'CNY'], 
+  ['¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹',		'¥Ñ¥ê', 		'EUR'], 
+  ['¥É¥¤¥Ä', 		'¥Ù¥ë¥ê¥ó',		'EUR'], 
+  ['¥¤¥ó¥É', 		'¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ç¥ê¡¼',		'INR'], 
+  ['¥¤¥¿¥ê¥¢', 		'¥í¡¼¥Þ', 		'EUR'], 
+  ['ÆüËÜ', 		'Åìµþ', 		'JPY'], 
+  ['¥á¥­¥·¥³', 		'¥á¥­¥·¥³¥·¥Æ¥£', 	'MXN'], 
+  ['¥í¥·¥¢', 		'¥â¥¹¥¯¥ï', 		'RUB'], 
+  ['Æ¥Õ¥ê¥«',	'¥×¥ì¥È¥ê¥¢', 		'ZAR'], 
+  ['±Ñ¹ñ', 		'¥í¥ó¥É¥ó', 		'GBP'], 
+  ['¥¢¥á¥ê¥«', 		'¥ï¥·¥ó¥È¥ó D.C.', 	'USD'],
+]
+
+## Code to insert the data nicely
+font = Ttk::Style.lookup(tree[:style], :font)
+cols = %w(country capital currency)
+cols.zip(%w(¹ñ̾ ¼óÅÔ Ä̲ß)).each{|col, name|
+  tree.heading_configure(col, :text=>name, 
+                         :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, false)})
+  tree.column_configure(col, :width=>TkFont.measure(font, name))
+}
+
+data.each{|country, capital, currency|
+  #tree.insert('', :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
+  tree.insert(nil, :end, :values=>[country, capital, currency])
+  cols.zip([country, capital, currency]).each{|col, val|
+    len = TkFont.measure(font, "#{val}  ")
+    if tree.column_cget(col, :width) < len
+      tree.column_configure(col, :width=>len)
+    end
+  }
+}
+
+## Code to do the sorting of the tree contents when clicked on
+def sort_by(tree, col, direction)
+  tree.children(nil).map!{|row| [tree.get(row, col), row.id]} . 
+    sort(&((direction)? proc{|x, y| y <=> x}: proc{|x, y| x <=> y})) . 
+    each_with_index{|info, idx| tree.move(info[1], nil, idx)}
+
+  tree.heading_configure(col, :command=>proc{sort_by(tree, col, ! direction)})
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
index 6b9e5c9e5e..c3d95176b4 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $menu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # menu frame À¸À®
-$menu_frame = TkFrame.new($menu_demo, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
+$menu_frame = TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'relief'=>'raised', 'bd'=>2)
 $menu_frame.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 begin
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command-X ¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢X¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼µ­¹æ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥é¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¹àÌܵ¯Æ°¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼Í×ÁÇÃæ¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¹àÌܤòÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÆÈΩ¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£")
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ TkLabel.new($menu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($menu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -108,7 +110,8 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
         'accelerator'=>"#{modifier}+G", 'underline'=>6)
     $menu_demo.bind("#{modifier}-g", proc{print "Goodbye(¤µ¤è¤¦¤Ê¤é)\n"})
 
-    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
+    # TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
+    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_check|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Check buttons(¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó)', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_check, 'underline'=>0)
       oil = TkVariable.new(0)
@@ -130,7 +133,8 @@ TkMenubutton.new($menu_frame, 'text'=>'Cascades', 'underline'=>0) {|m|
       invoke 3
     }
 
-    TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
+    #TkMenu.new(m, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
+    TkMenu.new(cascade_menu, 'tearoff'=>false) {|cascade_radio|
       cascade_menu.add('cascade', 'label'=>'Radio buttons(¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó)', 
                        'menu'=>cascade_radio, 'underline'=>0)
       pointSize = TkVariable.new
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
index 762cfa53b8..a631bacd43 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu84.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ $menu84_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu84_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 begin
   windowingsystem = Tk.windowingsystem()
 rescue
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label
-TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë¤Ï¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ò»ý¤Ä¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ð¡¼¤¬ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command+x ('x'¤Ï¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼¥·¥ó¥Ü¥ë¤Ë³¤±¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ç¤¹) ¤È¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹àÌܤε¡Ç½¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ºÇ¸å¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ç¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î³°¤Ë¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢ÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥Ñ¥ì¥Ã¥È¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÀÚ¤êÊü¤¹¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ TkLabel.new($menu84_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 
 menustatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>menustatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 
               'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # frame
-TkFrame.new($menu84_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
index 23efa7e790..9249f2491a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menu8x.rb
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ $menu8x_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tk8.0 °Ê¾å¤ÇÍøÍѤǤ­¤ëµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? 'jp': ''} ¤Ç¤ÏÀµ¾ï¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥â¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òÃæ»ß¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¬Ãæ»ß¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ rescue
 end
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
   if $tk_platform['platform'] == 'macintosh' ||
       windowingsystem == "classic" || windowingsystem == "aqua"
     text("¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Command-X ¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤È¡¢X¤¬¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥­¡¼µ­¹æ¤Ë³¤¤¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ»ú¤Ê¤é¤Ð¡¢¥¢¥¯¥»¥é¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¹àÌܵ¯Æ°¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼Í×ÁÇÃæ¡¢ºÇ¸å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤ÎºÇ½é¤Î¹àÌܤòÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÆÈΩ¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£")
@@ -62,14 +64,14 @@ TkLabel.new($menu8x_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
 
 # ¾õÂÖɽ¼¨¤ÎÀ¸À®
 $menu8xstatus = TkVariable.new("    ")
-TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkLabel.new(frame, 'textvariable'=>$menu8xstatus, 'relief'=>'sunken', 
               'bd'=>1, 'font'=>['Helvetica', '10'], 'anchor'=>'w')\
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'padx'=>2, 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>2)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($menu8x_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
index e73c393aa5..90dc367305 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/menubu.rb
@@ -33,16 +33,18 @@ $menubu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 
 positionWindow($menubu_demo)
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # version check
 if $tk_version.to_f < 8.0
 
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($menubu_demo,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
+TkLabel.new(base_frame,'font'=>$font,'wraplength'=>'4i','justify'=>'left') {
     text("¼Â¹Ô¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï Tk8.0 °Ê¾å¤ÇÍøÍѤǤ­¤ëµ¡Ç½¤òÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Ruby#{VERSION}/Tk#{$tk_version}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? 'jp': ''} ¤Ç¤ÏÀµ¾ï¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥Ç¥â¤Î¼Â¹Ô¤òÃæ»ß¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢²¼¤Î¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¼Â¹Ô¤¬Ãæ»ß¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò»²¾È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£")
 }.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
 
 else ; # Tk8.x
 
-body = TkFrame.new($menubu_demo)
+body = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 body.pack('expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'both')
 
 below = TkMenubutton.new(body) {
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ center = TkFrame.new(body) {
   grid('row'=>1, 'column'=>1, 'sticky'=>'news')
 }
 
-TkFrame.new($menubu_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
index 0fe5db7dd6..88380e08bd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox.rb
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@ $msgbox_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($msgbox_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
-            'text'=>"ɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤·¤Æ \"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+            'text'=>"¤Þ¤ºÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë\"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤷ¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -44,8 +46,8 @@ TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
-$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new($msgbox_demo)
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 $msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
                         'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 $msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ $msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
 def showMessageBox(w)
   button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
                          'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
-                         'message'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï \"#{$msgboxType.value}\" ¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\" ¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£")
+                         'message'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\"¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£")
 
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
                 'message'=>"¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï \"#{button}\" ¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£")
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d61f25129a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/msgbox2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# message boxes widget demo (called by 'widget')
+#
+
+# toplevel widget ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ì¤Ðºï½ü¤¹¤ë
+if defined?($msgbox2_demo) && $msgbox2_demo
+  $msgbox2_demo.destroy 
+  $msgbox2_demo = nil
+end
+
+# demo ÍѤΠtoplevel widget ¤òÀ¸À®
+$msgbox2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Message Box Demonstration")
+  iconname("messagebox")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($msgbox2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+# label À¸À®
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left',
+            'text'=>"¤Þ¤ºÉ½¼¨¤¹¤ë¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤È¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î¼ïÎà¤òÁª¤ó¤Ç²¼¤µ¤¤¡£¤½¤Î¸å¤Ë\"¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò²¡¤¹¤È¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿·Á¼°¤Ç¡¢¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤È¾ÜºÙ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤È¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£").pack('side'=>'top')
+
+# frame À¸À®
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    #text 'λ²ò'
+    text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
+    command proc{
+      tmppath = $msgbox2_demo
+      $msgbox2_demo = nil
+      tmppath.destroy
+    }
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    text '¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È'
+    command proc{showCode 'msgbox2'}
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+
+  TkButton.new(frame) {
+    text '¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹'
+    command proc{showMessageBox $msgbox2_demo}
+  }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
+}.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
+
+# frame À¸À®
+$msgbox_leftframe  = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_rightframe = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+$msgbox_leftframe .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
+                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
+$msgbox_rightframe.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'y', 
+                        'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
+
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>'¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó').pack('side'=>'top')
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
+.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
+
+$msgboxIcon = TkVariable.new('info')
+['error', 'info', 'question', 'warning'].each {|icon|
+  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_leftframe, 'text'=>icon, 'variable'=>$msgboxIcon, 
+                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>icon, 'width'=>16, 
+                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
+                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
+}
+
+TkLabel.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>'¼ïÎà').pack('side'=>'top')
+TkFrame.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'relief'=>'ridge', 'bd'=>1, 'height'=>2)\
+.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x', 'expand'=>'no')
+
+$msgboxType = TkVariable.new('ok')
+['abortretryignore', 'ok', 'okcancel', 
+  'retrycancel', 'yesno', 'yesnocancel'].each {|type|
+  TkRadioButton.new($msgbox_rightframe, 'text'=>type, 'variable'=>$msgboxType, 
+                    'relief'=>'flat', 'value'=>type, 'width'=>16, 
+                    'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 
+                                        'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
+}
+
+def showMessageBox(w)
+  button = Tk.messageBox('icon'=>$msgboxIcon.value, 'type'=>$msgboxType.value, 
+                         'title'=>'Message', 'parent'=>w,
+                         'message'=>"\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹", 
+                         'detail'=>"¤³¤ì¤Ï\"#{$msgboxType.value}\"¤È¤¤¤¦¼ïÎà¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ç¡¢\"#{$msgboxIcon.value}\"¤Î¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£²¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Æ¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£")
+
+  Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'parent'=>w, 
+                'message'=>"¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï \"#{button}\" ¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¤Í¡£")
+end
+
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
index 137e187417..f994e83ff1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned1.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ $paned1_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($paned1_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned1_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ²¼¤Î¿§ÉÕ¤±¤µ¤ì¤¿Æó¤Ä¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î´Ö¤Î»ÅÀÚ¤êÏȤϡ¢°ì¤Ä¤ÎÎΰè¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ëʬ³ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£º¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ê¬³ä¥µ¥¤¥ºÊѹ¹¤ÎÁàºîÅÓÃæ¤Ç¤ÏºÆɽ¼¨¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤º¡¢³ÎÄꤵ¤»¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¬¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤ÎÁàºî¤ËÄɿ路¤Æ¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿É½¼¨¤¬¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÎÃæ±û¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ TkLabel.new($paned1_demo,
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -42,9 +44,9 @@ TkFrame.new($paned1_demo){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-TkPanedwindow.new($paned1_demo){|f|
-  pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
+TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:horizontal){|f|
+  add(Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
+      Tk::Label.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
 
-  add(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nleft side", :bg=>'yellow'), 
-      TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"This is the\nright side", :bg=>'cyan'))
+  pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
index b394432b1c..cdc8253402 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/paned2.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ $paned2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($paned2_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($paned2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ²¼¤Î¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼ÉÕ¤­¤Î¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤¿Æó¤Ä¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î´Ö¤Î»ÅÀÚ¤êÏȤϡ¢°ì¤Ä¤ÎÎΰè¤ò¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ëʬ³ä¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£º¸¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤òÁàºî¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢Ê¬³ä¥µ¥¤¥ºÊѹ¹¤ÎÁàºîÅÓÃæ¤Ç¤ÏºÆɽ¼¨¤Ï¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤º¡¢³ÎÄꤵ¤»¤¿¤È¤­¤Ëɽ¼¨¤¬¹¹¿·¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÅÀÚ¤ê¤ÎÁàºî¤ËÄɿ路¤Æ¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿É½¼¨¤¬¤Ê¤ï¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÎÃæ±û¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ TkLabel.new($paned2_demo,
 EOL
 
 # The bottom buttons
-TkFrame.new($paned2_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ paneList.value = [         # ruby's array --> tcl's list
 ]
 
 # Create the pane itself
-TkPanedwindow.new($paned2_demo, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
+TkPanedwindow.new(base_frame, :orient=>:vertical){|f|
   pack(:side=>:top, :expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :pady=>2, :padx=>'2m')
 
   add(TkFrame.new(f){|paned2_top|
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
index e19b57a2d6..b115f5be2c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/pendulum.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ $pendulum_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # create label
-msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($pendulum_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # create frame
-TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ TkFrame.new($pendulum_demo) {|frame|
 class PendulumAnimationDemo
   def initialize(frame)
     # Create some structural widgets
-    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    @pane = TkPanedWindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 #    @pane.add(@lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation'))
 #    @pane.add(@lf2 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Phase Space'))
     @lf1 = TkLabelFrame.new(@pane, :text=>'Pendulum Simulation')
@@ -237,4 +239,4 @@ class PendulumAnimationDemo
 end
 
 # Start the animation processing
-PendulumAnimationDemo.new($pendulum_demo)
+PendulumAnimationDemo.new(base_frame)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
index dbca3e971c..9ff71904cd 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/plot.rb
@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@ $plot_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($plot_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($plot_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'4i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ï´Êñ¤Ê2¼¡¸µ¤Î¥×¥í¥Ã¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹ widget¤Ç¤¹¡£É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿ÅÀ¤ò¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥Ü¥¿¥ó1¤Ç¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤·¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¤¤¤¸¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new($plot_demo) {|frame|
+$plot_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ $plot_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
   end
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new($plot_demo,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
+$plot_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame,'relief'=>'raised','width'=>450,'height'=>300)
 $plot_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # plot À¸À®
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
index 6a3c8c8ef6..2febc2c55a 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/puzzle.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $puzzle_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($puzzle_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -51,18 +53,27 @@ TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {|frame|
 #
 begin
   if Tk.windowingsystem() == 'aqua'
-    frameSize = 160
+    frameWidth  = 168
+    frameHeight = 168
+  elsif Tk.default_widget_set == :Ttk
+    frameWidth  = 148
+    frameHeight = 124
   else
-    frameSize = 120
+    frameWidth  = 120
+    frameHeight = 120
   end
 rescue
-  frameSize = 120
+  frameWidth  = 120
+  frameHeight = 120
 end
+
+# depend_on_button_width = true
+depend_on_button_width = false
  
-s = TkScrollbar.new($puzzle_demo)
-base = TkFrame.new($puzzle_demo) {
-  width  frameSize
-  height frameSize
+s = TkScrollbar.new(base_frame)
+base = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {
+  width  frameWidth
+  height frameHeight
   borderwidth 2
   relief 'sunken'
   bg s['troughcolor']
@@ -89,6 +100,9 @@ order = [3,1,6,2,5,7,15,13,4,11,8,9,14,10,12]
     text num
     highlightthickness 0
     command def_puzzleswitch_proc(w, num)
+    if depend_on_button_width && (w.winfo_reqwidth * 4 > base.width)
+      base.width = w.winfo_reqwidth * 4
+    end
   }.place('relx'=>$xpos[num], 'rely'=>$ypos[num], 
           'relwidth'=>0.25, 'relheight'=>0.25)
 }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
index 3a11c394a3..a61ad46d9b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $radio_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ size = TkVariable.new
 color = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -50,14 +52,14 @@ TkFrame.new($radio_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars($radio_demo, ['size', size], ['color', color])
+      showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], ['color', color])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-f_left = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
-f_right = TkFrame.new($radio_demo)
+f_left = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
+f_right = TkFrame.new(base_frame)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
index b89520cdc5..cf53e3e485 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio2.rb
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ $radio2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio2_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -56,18 +58,18 @@ TkFrame.new($radio2_demo) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     text 'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È'
     command proc{
-      showVars($radio2_demo, 
+      showVars(base_frame, 
                ['size', size], ['color', color], ['compound', align])
     }
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'¿§', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¿§', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio2_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
 f_mid.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
@@ -93,7 +95,8 @@ f_right.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'pady'=>'.5c')
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
index a223a19bc2..4bbc1b31f5 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/radio3.rb
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ $radio3_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($radio3_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label 
-msg = TkLabel.new($radio3_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -36,14 +38,14 @@ color = TkVariable.new
 align = TkVariable.new
 
 # frame 
-TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
                       :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
                       :command=>proc{
-                        showVars($radio3_demo, ['size', size], 
+                        showVars(base_frame, ['size', size], 
                                  ['color', color], ['compound', align])
                       }), 
          TkButton.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
@@ -63,17 +65,17 @@ TkFrame.new($radio3_demo) {|frame|
 }
 
 # frame 
-f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
+f_left  = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'ʸ»ú¥µ¥¤¥º', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¿§', 
+f_mid   = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¿§', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
-f_right = TkLabelFrame.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
+f_right = TkLabelFrame.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥Ó¥Ã¥È¥Þ¥Ã¥×ÇÛÃÖ', 
                            'pady'=>2, 'padx'=>2)
 f_left .grid('column'=>0, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_mid  .grid('column'=>1, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c', 'rowspan'=>2)
 f_right.grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>1, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È', 
+TkButton.new(base_frame, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È', 
              'command'=>proc{size.value = 'multi'; color.value = 'multi'}){
   grid('column'=>2, 'row'=>2, 'pady'=>'.5c', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 }
@@ -101,7 +103,8 @@ TkButton.new($radio3_demo, 'text'=>'¥È¥é¥¤¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥È',
   }.pack('side'=>'top', 'pady'=>2, 'fill'=>'x')
 }
 
-label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+# label = TkLabel.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
+label = Tk::Label.new(f_right, 'text'=>'¥é¥Ù¥ë', 'bitmap'=>'questhead', 
                     'compound'=>'left')
 label.configure('width'=>TkWinfo.reqwidth(label), 'compound'=>'top')
 label.height(TkWinfo.reqheight(label))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
index c913e247d1..d6bc9e76d1 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ruler.rb
@@ -29,14 +29,16 @@ $ruler_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-TkLabel.new($ruler_demo, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 'font'=>$font, 'wraplength'=>'5i', 'justify'=>'left', 
             'text'=>"¤³¤Î¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹widget¤Ï¥ë¡¼¥é¡¼¤ÎÌÏ·¿¤Ç¤¹¡£¥ë¡¼¥é¡¼¤Î±¦¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤Î°æ¸Í¤Ç¡¢¤³¤³¤«¤é°ú¤ÃÄ¥¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤òºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢¤¹¤Ç¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤ò¾åÊý¤Þ¤¿¤Ï²¼Êý¤Ë¤«¤¹¤ì¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤òÎ¥¤·¤¿»þ¤Ë¤½¤Î¥¿¥Ö¥¹¥È¥Ã¥×¤Ï¾Ã¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£"){
   pack('side'=>'top')
 }
 
 # frame À¸À®
-$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
+$ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ $ruler_buttons = TkFrame.new($ruler_demo) {|frame|
 $ruler_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # canvas ÀßÄê
-$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new($ruler_demo, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
+$ruler_canvas = TkCanvas.new(base_frame, 'width'=>'14.8c', 'height'=>'2.5c')
 $ruler_canvas.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
 # ÃÍÀßÄê
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
index 24b011f5ab..aa24b3a2ad 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/sayings.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $sayings_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($sayings_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($sayings_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($sayings_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 sayings_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($sayings_demo, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>10) {|w|
   sv = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   sh = TkScrollbar.new(w, 'orient'=>'horizontal')
   sayings_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
index d3692e2455..9838ff5d19 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/search.rb
@@ -75,8 +75,10 @@ $search_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($search_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame À¸À®
-$search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
+$search_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ $search_buttons = TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|frame|
 $search_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_fileName = TkVariable.new
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   .pack('side'=>'left', 'pady'=>5, 'padx'=>10)
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|f|
   TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>'¸¡º÷ʸ»úÎó:', 
               'width'=>13, 'anchor'=>'w').pack('side'=>'left')
   $search_searchString = TkVariable.new
@@ -130,9 +132,9 @@ TkFrame.new($search_demo) {|f|
   }
 }.pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
 
-$search_text = TkText.new($search_demo, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
+$search_text = TkText.new(base_frame, 'setgrid'=>true) {|t|
   $search_Tag = TkTextTag.new(t)
-  TkScrollbar.new($search_demo, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame, 'command'=>proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}) {|sc|
     t.yscrollcommand(proc{|first,last| sc.set first,last})
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
   }
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
index b8eb99c4ed..8d4e33cda0 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/spin.rb
@@ -17,10 +17,12 @@ $spin_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($spin_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($spin_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
-²¼¤Ë¤Ï£³¼ïÎà¤Î¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£\
+²¼¤Ë¤Ï£³¼ïÎà¤Î¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
 ¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÇÁªÂò¤·¤Æʸ»ú¤òÆþÎϤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
 ÊÔ½¸Áàºî¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Emacs ·Á¼°¤Î¿¤¯¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤Æ¡¢°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê
 Motif ·Á¼°¤Î¥­¡¼Áàºî¤¬¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Backspace ¤È Control-h ¤È¤ÏÆþÎÏ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤Îº¸Â¦¤Îʸ»ú¤ò
 ¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ»î¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
 EOL
 
-TkFrame.new($spin_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -59,11 +61,11 @@ australianCities = [
 ]
 
 [
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>1, :to=>10, :width=>10, :validate=>:key, 
                 :validatecommand=>[
                   proc{|s| s == '' || /^[+-]?\d+$/ =~ s }, '%P'
                 ]), 
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :from=>0, :to=>3, :increment=>0.5, 
                 :format=>'%05.2f', :width=>10), 
-  TkSpinbox.new($spin_demo, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
+  TkSpinbox.new(base_frame, :values=>australianCities, :width=>10)
 ].each{|sbox| sbox.pack(:side=>:top, :pady=>5, :padx=>10)}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
index 3c58711bd1..5e242b7c38 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/states.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $states_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($states_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # label À¸À®
-msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '4i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($states_demo) {
 msg.pack('side'=>'top')
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ TkFrame.new($states_demo) {|frame|
 
 # frame À¸À®
 states_lbox = nil
-TkFrame.new($states_demo, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'borderwidth'=>'.5c') {|w|
   s = TkScrollbar.new(w)
   states_lbox = TkListbox.new(w) {
     setgrid 1
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
index c8c7850156..66b6de0251 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/style.rb
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ $style_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($style_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -38,14 +39,14 @@ TkFrame.new($style_demo) {|frame|
 
 
 # text À¸À®
-txt = TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
+txt = TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   # À¸À®
   setgrid 'true'
   #width  70
   #height 32
   wrap 'word'
   font $font
-  TkScrollbar.new($style_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ txt = TkText.new($style_demo){|t|
     style_tag_bold = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 12, :bold, :italic])
     style_tag_big = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>[family, 14, :bold])
     style_tag_verybig = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Helvetica', 24, :bold])
-    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>['Times 8 bold'])
+    style_tag_small = TkTextTag.new(t, 'font'=>'Times 8 bold')
   end
 ###
 #  case($tk_version)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
index 25e0e64e9a..0ae480eb00 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/text.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ $text_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($text_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # version check
 if ((Tk::TK_VERSION.split('.').collect{|n| n.to_i} <=> [8,4]) < 0)
   undo_support = false
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ else
 end
 
 # frame À¸À®
-TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -42,13 +44,13 @@ TkFrame.new($text_demo) {|frame|
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # text À¸À®
-TkText.new($text_demo){|t|
+TkText.new(base_frame){|t|
   # À¸À®
   relief 'sunken'
   bd 2
   setgrid 1
   height 30
-  TkScrollbar.new($text_demo) {|s|
+  TkScrollbar.new(base_frame) {|s|
     pack('side'=>'right', 'fill'=>'y')
     command proc{|*args| t.yview(*args)}
     t.yscrollcommand proc{|first,last| s.set first,last}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb
index 9b2b57a698..4967a99c92 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/textpeer.rb
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ $textpeer_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 count = [0]
 
 ## Define a widget that we peer from; it won't ever actually be shown though
-first = TkText.new($textpeer_demo, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
+first = TkText.new(base_frame, :widgetname=>"text#{count[0] += 1}")
 first.insert :end,"¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤ÎÁȤòÀ®¤·¤¿¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£"
 first.insert :end,"¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÏÂÐÅù(¥Ô¥¢;peer)¤Î´Ø·¸¤Ë"
 first.insert :end,"¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£"
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ first.insert :end,"¿·¤¿¤Ê¥Ô¥¢¤òÄɲ乤뤳¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£"
 first.insert :end,"¤Þ¤¿¡Ö¥Ô¥¢(peer)¤Î¾Ãµî¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤¨¤Ð¡¢"
 first.insert :end,"ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ô¥¢¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò¾Ãµî¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£"
 
+Tk.update_idletasks  ## for 'first' widget
+
 ## Procedures to make and kill clones; most of this is just so that the demo
 ## looks nice...
 def makeClone(count, win, txt)
@@ -58,12 +62,12 @@ def killClone(win, cnt)
 end
 
 ## Now set up the GUI
-makeClone(count, $textpeer_demo, first)
-makeClone(count, $textpeer_demo, first)
+makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
+makeClone(count, base_frame, first)
 first.destroy
 
 ## See Code / Dismiss buttons
-TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
                  $textpeer_demo.destroy
                  $textpeer_demo = nil
@@ -75,4 +79,4 @@ TkFrame.new($textpeer_demo){|f|
 
   TkGrid.configure(f, '-', '-', :sticky=>'ew', :row=>5000)
 }
-TkGrid.columnconfigure($textpeer_demo, 0, :weight=>1)
+TkGrid.columnconfigure(base_frame, 0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cb3834c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/toolbar.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# toolbar.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toolbar that can be torn off.
+#
+# based on "Id: toolbar.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($toolbar_demo) && $toolbar_demo
+  $toolbar_demo.destroy 
+  $toolbar_demo = nil
+end
+
+$toolbar_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
+  iconname("toolbar")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($toolbar_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', :text=><<EOL)
+¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆŬÀڤ˥ơ¼¥ÞÂбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¡¤\
+¤Þ¤¿¡¤¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹\
+¡Ê¤¿¤À¤·¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ÎÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤Ë¤ÏTcl/Tk8.5°Ê¾å¤Îµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡Ë¡¥\
+¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤'Toolbutton'¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÌÀ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
+"toolbar style"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë°À­ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Îº¸Ã¼¤Ë¤Ï´Êñ¤Ê¥Þ¡¼¥«¡¼¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¥Þ¡¼¥«¡¼¾å¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥¹¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬Íè¤ë¤È°ÜÆ°¥¢¥¤¥³¥ó¤Ë¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤¬ÊѲ½¤·¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤½¤³¤Ç¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤òÆ°¤«¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤È¡¤\
+¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼Á´ÂΤòÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤ÆÆÈΩ¤·¤¿¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ë\
+¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+ÀÚ¤êÎ¥¤·¤¿¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤¬ÉÔÍפȤʤä¿»þ¤Ë¤Ï¡¤\
+°ìÈÌŪ¤Ê¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ÈƱÍͤËñ½ã¤ËÊĤ¸¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤
+ºÆ¤Ó¸µ¤Î¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ËÄ¥¤êÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡¥
+EOL
+else
+  msg = Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :wraplength=>'4i', :text=><<EOL)
+¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤ò¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤ÆŬÀڤ˥ơ¼¥ÞÂбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤«¤ò\
+¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Î¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤'Toolbutton'¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ËÌÀ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
+"toolbar style"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤È¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë°À­ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+end
+
+## Set up the toolbar hull
+tbar_base = Tk::Frame.new(base_frame,  # Tk ɸ½à¤Î frame ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥
+                          :widgetname=>'toolbar') # ¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¥¿¥¤¥È¥ëʸ»úÎó¤È¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È̾¤òÌÀ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+sep = Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame)
+to_base = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base, :cursor=>'fleur')
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  to  = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
+  to2 = Ttk::Separator.new(to_base, :orient=>:vertical)
+  to.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :padx=>2, :side=>:left)
+  to2.pack(:fill=>:y, :expand=>true, :side=>:left)
+end
+
+contents = Ttk::Frame.new(tbar_base)
+Tk.grid(to_base, contents, :sticky=>'nsew')
+tbar_base.grid_columnconfigure(contents, :weight=>1)
+contents.grid_columnconfigure(1000, :weight=>1)
+
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  ## Bindings so that the toolbar can be torn off and reattached
+  to_base.bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  to.     bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  to2.    bind('B1-Motion', '%X %Y'){|x, y| tbar_base.tearoff(to_base, x, y)}
+  def tbar_base.tearoff(w, x, y)
+    on_win = TkWinfo.containing(x, y)
+    return unless (on_win && on_win.path =~ /^#{@path}(\.|$)/)
+    self.grid_remove
+    w.grid_remove
+    self.wm_manage
+    # self.wm_title('Toolbar') # ¤â¤·¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È̾¤ò¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¯¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤é¡¤¤³¤³¤ÇÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤
+    self.wm_protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'){ self.untearoff(self) }
+  end
+  def tbar_base.untearoff(w)
+    self.wm_forget
+    w.grid
+    self.grid
+  end
+end
+
+## Some content for the rest of the toplevel
+text = TkText.new(base_frame, :width=>40, :height=>10)
+
+## Toolbar contents
+tb_btn = Ttk::Button.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó', :style=>'Toolbutton', 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           text.insert(:end, "¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬²¡¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡¥\n")
+                         })
+tb_chk = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó', 
+                              :style=>'Toolbutton', 
+                              :variable=>(check = TkVariable.new), 
+                              :command=>proc{
+                                text.insert(:end, "¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ÎÃͤÏ#{check.value}¤Ç¤¹¡¥\n")
+                              })
+tb_mbtn = Ttk::Menubutton.new(tbar_base, :text=>'¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼')
+tb_combo = Ttk::Combobox.new(tbar_base, :value=>TkFont.families, 
+                             :state=>:readonly)
+tb_mbtn.menu(menu = Tk::Menu.new(tb_mbtn))
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'Just', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Just\n")})
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'An', :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "An\n")})
+menu.add(:command, :label=>'Example', 
+         :command=>proc{text.insert(:end, "Example\n")})
+tb_combo.bind('<ComboboxSelected>'){ text.font.family = tb_combo.get }
+
+## Arrange contents
+Tk.grid(tb_btn, tb_chk, tb_mbtn, tb_combo, 
+        :in=>contents, :padx=>2, :sticky=>'ns')
+Tk.grid(tbar_base, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(sep, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(msg, :sticky=>'ew')
+Tk.grid(text, :sticky=>'nsew')
+base_frame.grid_rowconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
+base_frame.grid_columnconfigure(text, :weight=>1)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'toolbar'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $toolbar_demo.destroy
+                           $toolbar_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  Tk.grid(frame, :sticky=>'ew')
+}
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3b4191144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/tree.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# tree.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# tree widget.
+#
+# based on "Id: tree.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($tree_demo) && $tree_demo
+  $tree_demo.destroy 
+  $tree_demo = nil
+end
+
+$tree_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Directory Browser")
+  iconname("tree")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($tree_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Explanatory text
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', 
+               :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :padding=>[10, 2, 10, 6], 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:fill=>:x)
+Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ï¡¤¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê³¬ÁØŪ¤Ê¥Ç¡¼¥¿½¸¹ç¤ò\
+»²¾È¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤ò´Þ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+Ttk::Treeview¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¤ÌÚ¹½Â¤¼«ÂΤÎɽ¼¨¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
+ÄɲþðÊó(¤³¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥µ¥¤¥º)¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë\
+Ǥ°Õ¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤ÎÄɲå«¥é¥à¤â°·¤¦¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤Þ¤¿¡¤¥«¥é¥à¤Î¥¿¥¤¥È¥ë´Ö¤Î¶èÀÚ¤êÉôʬ¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¤\
+¥«¥é¥à¤ÎÉý¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'tree'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $tree_demo.destroy
+                           $tree_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+## Code to populate the roots of the tree (can be more than one on Windows)
+def populate_roots(tree)
+  TkComm.simplelist(Tk.tk_call('file', 'volumes')).sort.each{|dir|
+    populate_tree(tree, tree.insert(nil, :end, :text=>dir, 
+                                    :values=>[dir, 'directory']))
+  }
+end
+
+## Code to populate a node of the tree
+def populate_tree(tree, node)
+  return if tree.get(node, :type) != 'directory'
+
+  path = tree.get(node, :fullpath)
+  tree.delete(tree.children(node))
+  Dir.glob("#{path}/*").sort.each{|f|
+    type = File.ftype(f)
+    id = tree.insert(node, :end, 
+                     :text=>File.basename(f), :values=>[f, type]).id
+    if type == 'directory'
+      ## Make it so that this node is openable
+      tree.insert(id, 0, :text=>'dummy')
+      tree.itemconfigure(id, :text=>File.basename(f))
+    elsif type == 'file'
+      size = File.size(f)
+      if size >= 1024*1024*1024
+        size = '%.1f GB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024/1024)
+      elsif size >= 1024*1024
+        size = '%.1f MB' % (size.to_f/1024/1024)
+      elsif size >= 1024
+        size = '%.1f KB' % (size.to_f/1024)
+      else
+        size = '%.1f bytes' % (size.to_f/1024)
+      end
+      tree.set(id, :size, size)
+    end
+  }
+
+  # Stop this code from rerunning on the current node
+  tree.set(node, :type, 'processed_directory')
+end
+
+## Create the tree and set it up
+tree = Ttk::Treeview.new(base_frame, :columns=>%w(fullpath type size), 
+                         :displaycolumns=>['size'])
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+else
+  vsb = tree.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+  hsb = tree.xscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(base_frame))
+end
+
+tree.heading_configure('#0', :text=>'Directory Structure')
+tree.heading_configure('size', :text=>'File Size')
+tree.column_configure('size', :stretch=>0, :width=>70)
+populate_roots(tree)
+tree.bind('<TreeviewOpen>', '%W'){|w| populate_tree(w, w.focus_item)}
+
+## Arrange the tree and its scrollbars in the toplevel
+container = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+container.lower
+Tk.grid(tree, vsb, :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+Tk.grid(hsb,       :in=>container, :sticky=>'nsew')
+container.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+container.grid_rowconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d577120bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkbut.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# ttkbut.rb
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several
+# simple Ttk widgets, such as labels, labelframes, buttons, checkbuttons and
+# radiobuttons.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkbut.tcl,v 1.4 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkbut_demo) && $ttkbut_demo
+  $ttkbut_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkbut_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkbut_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Simple Ttk Widgets")
+  iconname("ttkbut")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkbut_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+º£¡¤¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬Ìܤˤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ÏTtk¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ²½¥é¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¡¤\
+²¼¤Ë¤ÏTtk¤Î¥é¥Ù¥ë¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¤ÎÃæ¤Ë»°¤Ä¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎTtk¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬\
+ɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+ºÇ½é¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÏÁ´¤Æ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¤\
+¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ì¤Ð¸½ºß¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+£²ÈÖÌܤΥ°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï»°¤Ä¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+³Æ½¸¹ç¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¥»¥Ñ¥ì¡¼¥¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬ÃÖ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤Ê¤ª¡ÖÍ­¸ú²½¡×¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ï¡¤¤³¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥ÈÆâ¤Î\
+¾¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ²½¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¾õÂÖ(state)¤¬"disabled"¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤ò\
+¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
+£³ÈÖÌܤΥ°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ï´ØÏ¢ÉÕ¤±¤é¤ì¤¿¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó½¸¹ç¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+## Add buttons for setting the theme
+buttons = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
+# Ttk::Style.theme_names.each{|theme|
+#   Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
+#                   :command=>proc{Ttk::Style.theme_use theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
+# }
+Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
+  Ttk::Button.new(buttons, :text=>theme, 
+                  :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme}).pack(:pady=>2)
+}
+
+## Helper procedure for the top checkbutton
+def setState(root, value, *excepts)
+  return if excepts.member?(root)
+
+  ## Non-Ttk widgets (e.g. the toplevel) will fail, so make it silent
+  begin
+    root.state = value
+  rescue
+  end
+
+  ## Recursively invoke on all children of this root that are in the same
+  ## toplevel widget
+  root.winfo_children.each{|w|
+    setState(w, value, *excepts) if w.winfo_toplevel == root.winfo_toplevel
+  }
+end
+
+## Set up the checkbutton group
+checks = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
+enabled = TkVariable.new(true)
+e = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'Í­¸ú²½', :variable=>enabled, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           setState($ttkbut_demo, 
+                                    ((enabled.bool)? "!disabled" : "disabled"),
+                                    e)
+                         })
+
+## See ttk_widget(n) for other possible state flags
+sep1 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
+sep2 = Ttk::Separator.new(checks)
+
+cheese  = TkVariable.new
+tomato  = TkVariable.new
+basil   = TkVariable.new
+oregano = TkVariable.new
+
+c1 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥Á¡¼¥º',   :variable=>cheese)
+c2 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥È¥Þ¥È',   :variable=>tomato)
+c3 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥Ð¥¸¥ë',   :variable=>basil)
+c4 = Ttk::Checkbutton.new(checks, :text=>'¥ª¥ì¥¬¥Î', :variable=>oregano)
+
+Tk.pack(e, sep1, c1, c2, sep2, c3, c4, :fill=>:x, :pady=>2)
+
+## Set up the radiobutton group
+radios = Ttk::Labelframe.new(base_frame, :text=>'¥é¥¸¥ª¥Ü¥¿¥ó')
+
+happyness = TkVariable.new
+
+r1 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Great', :value=>'great')
+r2 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Good', :value=>'good')
+r3 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Ok', :value=>'ok')
+r4 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Poor', :value=>'poor')
+r5 = Ttk::Radiobutton.new(radios, :variable=>happyness, 
+                          :text=>'Awful', :value=>'awful')
+
+Tk.pack(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, :fill=>:x, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊÑ¿ô»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           showVars(base_frame, ['Í­¸ú²½', enabled], 
+                                    ['¥Á¡¼¥º', cheese], ['¥È¥Þ¥È', tomato], 
+                                    ['¥Ð¥¸¥ë', basil], ['¥ª¥ì¥¬¥Î', oregano], 
+                                    ['¹¬Ê¡ÅÙ', happyness])
+                         }), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkbut'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           tmppath = $ttkbut_demo
+                           $ttkbut_demo = nil
+                           $showVarsWin[tmppath.path] = nil
+                           tmppath.destroy
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
+}
+
+## Arrange things neatly
+f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+f.lower
+Tk.grid(buttons, checks, radios, :in=>f, :sticky=>'nwe', :pady=>2, :padx=>3)
+f.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1, 2], :weight=>1, :uniform=>:yes)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d349b42d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkmenu.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# ttkmenu.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing several Ttk
+# menubutton widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkmenu.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkmenu_demo) && $ttkmenu_demo
+  $ttkmenu_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkmenu_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkmenu_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Menu Buttons")
+  iconname("ttkmenu")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¤³¤ì¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ë\
+¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+°Ê²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤½¤ì¤é¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¡¤¸½ºß»ÈÍÑÃæ¤Î¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ÎÁªÂò¤¬¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¼«¿È¤Î¸«³Ý¤±¤òÊѲ½¤µ¤»¤ëÍͻҤ䡤\
+Ãæ±û¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤À¤±¤¬°Û¤Ê¤ë¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë\
+(¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤Î°ìÈÌŪ¤Êɽ¼¨¤ËŬ¤·¤¿¤â¤Î)¤Çɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëÍͻҤË\
+ÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥\
+¤Ê¤ª¡¤¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¤\
+¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥\
+¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ï¡¤É¸½à¤ÎTk¤Î¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬\
+¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Û¡¼¥à¤Ç½½Ê¬¤ËÎɹ¥¤Ê¸«³Ý¤±¤ÈÁàºîÀ­¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¤\
+Æäˡ¤Â¿¤¯¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ç¤½¤Î´Ä¶­ËÜÍè¤ÎÁàºîÂηϤȤʤë¤è¤¦¤Ë¼ÂÁõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È\
+ȽÃǤµ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new($ttkmenu_demo) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkmenu'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkmenu_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkmenu_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+b1 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:above)
+b2 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:left)
+b3 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:right)
+b4 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:flush,
+                         :style=>Ttk::Menubutton.style('Toolbutton'))
+b5 = Ttk::Menubutton.new(base_frame,:text=>'¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤òÁªÂò',:direction=>:below)
+
+b1.menu(m1 = Tk::Menu.new(b1, :tearoff=>false))
+b2.menu(m2 = Tk::Menu.new(b2, :tearoff=>false))
+b3.menu(m3 = Tk::Menu.new(b3, :tearoff=>false))
+b4.menu(m4 = Tk::Menu.new(b4, :tearoff=>false))
+b5.menu(m5 = Tk::Menu.new(b5, :tearoff=>false))
+
+Ttk.themes.each{|theme|
+  m1.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m2.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m3.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m4.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+  m5.add(:command, :label=>theme, :command=>proc{Ttk.set_theme theme})
+}
+
+f = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:x)
+f1 = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+f.lower
+
+f.grid_anchor(:center)
+TkGrid('x', b1, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+TkGrid(b2,  b4, b3,  :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
+TkGrid('x', b5, 'x', :in=>f, :padx=>3, :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09cc7960a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttknote.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# ttknote.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a toplevel window containing a Ttk
+# notebook widget.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttknote.tcl,v 1.5 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttknote_demo) && $ttknote_demo
+  $ttknote_demo.destroy 
+  $ttknote_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttknote_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Ttk Notebook Widget")
+  iconname("ttknote")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttknote'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttknote_demo.destroy
+                           $ttknote_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+base_frame = Ttk::Frame.new($ttknote_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+## Make the notebook and set up Ctrl+Tab traversal
+notebook = Ttk::Notebook.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, 
+                                              :padx=>2, :pady=>3)
+notebook.enable_traversal
+
+## Popuplate the first pane
+f_msg = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+msg_m = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5i', 
+                       :justify=>:left, :anchor=>'n', :text=><<EOL)
+Ttk¤È¤Ï¡¤¥Æ¡¼¥Þ»ØÄê²Äǽ¤Ê¿·¤·¤¤¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È½¸¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ë¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¤\
+¸ÄÊ̤ÎÆâÍƤò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥Ñ¥Í¥ë¤«¤é¤ÎÁªÂò¤ò²Äǽ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê\
+¥¿¥Ö¤Î½¸¹ç¡Ê¥¿¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¡Ë¤òÄê¤á¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¥¿¥Ö¥»¥Ã¥È¤ÏºÇ¶á¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ç¸«¤é¤ì¤ëµ¡Ç½¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¥¿¥Ö¤ÎÁªÂò¤Ï¡¤¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤Ë¤è¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¤\
+¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤Î¸«½Ð¤·¤¬ÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë»þ¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð\
+Ctrl+Tab¥­¡¼¤ÎÆþÎϤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹Ô¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤¸«½Ð¤·¤Ç²¼ÀþÉÕ¤­¤Îʸ»ú¤Î¥­¡¼¤ÈAlt¥­¡¼¤È¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç\
+¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤âÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤¿¤À¤·¡¤£²ÈÖÌܤΥ¿¥Ö¤Ï̵¸ú²½¤µ¤ì¤ÆÁªÂò¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ï\
+Ãí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
+EOL
+neat = TkVariable.new
+after_id = nil
+msg_b = Ttk::Button.new(f_msg, :text=>'¤¹¤Æ¤­¤À¡ª(Neat!)', :underline=>6, 
+                        :command=>proc{
+                          neat.value = '¤¢¤¡¡¤¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤µ¡¥¡¥¡¥'
+                          Tk.after_cancel(after_id) if after_id
+                          after_id = Tk.after(500){neat.value = ''}
+                        })
+msg_b.winfo_toplevel.bind('Alt-n'){ msg_b.focus; msg_b.invoke }
+msg_l = Ttk::Label.new(f_msg, :textvariable=>neat)
+notebook.add(f_msg, :text=>'ÀâÌÀ(Description)', :underline=>3, :padding=>2)
+Tk.grid(msg_m, '-', :sticky=>'new', :pady=>2)
+Tk.grid(msg_b, msg_l, :pady=>[2, 4], :padx=>20)
+msg_b.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
+msg_l.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
+f_msg.grid_rowconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
+f_msg.grid_columnconfigure([0, 1], :weight=>1, :uniform=>1)
+
+## Populate the second pane. Note that the content doesn't really matter
+f_disabled = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+notebook.add(f_disabled, :text=>'̵¸ú²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¿¥Ö', :state=>:disabled)
+
+## Popuplate the third pane
+f_editor = Ttk::Frame.new(notebook)
+notebook.add(f_editor, :text=>'¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿(Text Editor)', :underline=>9)
+editor_t = Tk::Text.new(f_editor, :width=>40, :height=>10, :wrap=>:char)
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
+else
+  editor_s = editor_t.yscrollbar(Tk::Scrollbar.new(f_editor))
+end
+editor_s.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :padx=>[0,2], :pady=>2)
+editor_t.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>[2,0], :pady=>2)
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96670c0e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkpane.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# ttkpane.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates a Ttk pane with some content.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkpane.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkpane_demo) && $ttkpane_demo
+  $ttkpane_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkpane_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkpane_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Themed Nested Panes")
+  iconname("ttkpane")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkpane_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+¤³¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ï¡¤Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß´Ø·¸¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Æ¡¼¥ÞÉÕ¤­¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ï¡¤´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Ú¥¤¥ó¤Î´Ö¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥¨¥ê¥¢¤ò¤Ä¤«¤ó¤Ç\
+¶­³¦¤ò¥É¥é¥Ã¥°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ÇÊѹ¹¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+Ttk::Separator.new(base_frame).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+
+## See Code / Dismiss
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkpane'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkpane_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkpane_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+outer = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(frame, :orient=>:horizontal)
+outer.add(in_left = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
+outer.add(in_right = Ttk::Panedwindow.new(outer, :orient=>:vertical))
+in_left.add(left_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'¥Ü¥¿¥ó'))
+in_left.add(left_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_left, :text=>'»þ·×'))
+in_right.add(right_top = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹'))
+in_right.add(right_bot = Ttk::Labelframe.new(in_right, :text=>'¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È'))
+if Tk.windowingsystem == 'aqua'
+  [left_top, left_bot, right_top, right_bot].each{|w| w.padding(3) }
+end
+
+# Fill the button pane
+Ttk::Button.new(left_top, :text=>'²¡¤·¤Æ¤Í', 
+                :command=>proc{
+                  Tk.messageBox(:type=>'ok', :icon=>'info', 
+                                :message=>'¤¤¤Æ¤Æ¡ª', 
+                                :detail=>'That hurt...', :parent=>base_frame, 
+                                :title=>'Button Pressed')
+                }).pack(:padx=>2, :pady=>5)
+
+
+zones_list = [
+  [':Europe/Berlin'], 
+  [':America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires', ':America/Buenos_Aires'], 
+  [':Africa/Johannesburg'], 
+  [':Europe/London'], 
+  [':America/Los_Angeles'], 
+  [':Europe/Moscow'],
+  [':America/New_York'], 
+  [':Asia/Singapore'], 
+  [':Australia/Sydney'], 
+  [':Asia/Tokyo'], 
+]
+
+zones = []
+
+# Check tzinfo support
+if $tk_major_ver > 8 || ($tk_major_ver == 8 && $tk_minor_ver >= 5)
+  tzinfo = :tcl
+
+  zones_list.each{|list|
+    list.each{|zone|
+      begin
+        # Force a pre-load of all the timezones needed; otherwise can end up
+        # poor-looking synch problems!
+        Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', '0', '-timezone', zone)
+      rescue RuntimeError
+        # ignore
+      else
+        zones << [zone, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+        break
+      end
+    }
+  }
+
+else
+  begin
+    require 'tzinfo'
+    tzinfo = :tzinfo
+  rescue Exception
+    begin
+      require 'tzfile'
+      tzinfo = :tzfile
+    rescue Exception
+      tzinfo = nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  case tzinfo
+  when :tzinfo
+    zones_list.each{|list|
+      list.each{|zone|
+        begin
+          tz = TZInfo::Timezone.get(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
+        rescue Exception
+          # ignore
+        else
+          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+          break
+        end
+      }
+    }
+
+  when :tzfile
+    zones_list.each{|list|
+      list.each{|zone|
+        begin
+          tz = TZFile.create(zone[%r<[^:]+$>])
+        rescue Exception
+          # ignore
+        else
+          zones << [tz, zone[%r<[^/:]+$>].tr('_', ' ')]
+          break
+        end
+      }
+    }
+
+  else
+    [ -7, -4, -2, -1, 0, +1, +3, +8, +9, +10 ].each{|zone|
+      zones << [zone, 'UTC%+03d00' % zone]
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+time = TkVariable.new_hash
+
+case tzinfo
+when :tcl
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = Tk.tk_call('clock', 'format', now.tv_sec, 
+                             '-timezone', tz, '-format', '%T')
+  }
+when :tzinfo
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = tz.utc_to_local(now).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+when :tzfile
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = tz.at(now.tv_sec).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+else
+  update_proc = proc{|now, tz, label|
+    time[label] = (now + (tz * 3600)).strftime('%H:%M:%S')
+  }
+end
+
+# Fill the clocks pane
+zones.each_with_index{|(zone, label), idx|
+  Ttk::Separator.new(left_bot).pack(:fill=>:x) if idx > 0
+  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :text=>label, :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
+  Ttk::Label.new(left_bot, :textvariable=>time.ref(label), 
+                 :anchor=>'w').pack(:fill=>:x)
+}
+
+# Timer start
+every = proc{
+  now = Time.now.utc
+  zones.each{|zone, label| update_proc.call(now, zone, label) }
+}
+TkRTTimer.new(1000, -1, every).start(0, every)
+
+# Fill the progress pane
+Ttk::Progressbar.new(right_top, :mode=>:indeterminate).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true).start
+
+# Fill the text pane
+if Tk.windowingsystem != 'aqua'
+  # The trick with the ttk::frame makes the text widget look like it fits with
+  # the current Ttk theme despite not being a themed widget itself. It is done
+  # by styling the frame like an entry, turning off the border in the text
+  # widget, and putting the text widget in the frame with enough space to allow
+  # the surrounding border to show through (2 pixels seems to be enough).
+  f = Ttk::Frame.new(right_bot, :style=>Ttk::Entry)
+  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
+  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>f, :pady=>2, :padx=>2)
+  scr = txt.yscrollbar(Ttk::Scrollbar.new(frame))
+  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
+  f.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+else
+  txt = TkText.new(frame, :wrap=>:word, :width=>30, :borderwidth=>0)
+  scr = txt.yscrollbar(TkScrollbar.new(frame))
+  scr.pack(:side=>:right, :fill=>:y, :in=>right_bot)
+  txt.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :in=>right_bot)
+  outer.pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true, :padx=>10, :pady=>[6, 10])
+end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43a9cbcd7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/ttkprogress.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
+#
+# ttkprogress.rb --
+#
+# This demonstration script creates several progress bar widgets.
+#
+# based on "Id: ttkprogress.tcl,v 1.3 2007/12/13 15:27:07 dgp Exp"
+
+if defined?($ttkprogress_demo) && $ttkprogress_demo
+  $ttkprogress_demo.destroy 
+  $ttkprogress_demo = nil
+end
+
+$ttkprogress_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
+  title("Progress Bar Demonstration")
+  iconname("ttkprogress")
+  positionWindow(w)
+}
+
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($ttkprogress_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+Ttk::Label.new(base_frame, :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'4i', :justify=>:left, 
+               :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top, :fill=>:x)
+²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤ÏÆó¤Ä¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¤¹¡¥\
+¾å¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï"determinate"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¡¤\
+Î㤨¤Ð¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥¿¥¹¥¯¤ò½ªÎ»¤¹¤ë¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤É¤Î¤¯¤é¤¤¤«¤«¤ë¤«¤ò\
+¼¨¤¹¤È¤­¤Ê¤É¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+²¼¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ï"indeterminate"¥¿¥¤¥×¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤Ç¡¤\
+Î㤨¤Ð¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¼Â¹ÔÃæ(busy)¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î\
+½ªÎ»¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë¤É¤ì¤¯¤é¤¤¤«¤«¤ë¤«¤Ïʬ¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¾õÂÖ¤ò\
+¼¨¤¹¤È¤­¤Ê¤É¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
+¤¤¤º¤ì¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼¤â¡¤¤¹¤°²¼¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç\
+¼«Æ°¥¢¥Ë¥á¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¥â¡¼¥É¤ÎON/OFF¤òÀÚÂؤ¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡¥
+EOL
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
+  sep = Ttk::Separator.new(frame)
+  Tk.grid(sep, :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
+  TkGrid('x', 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È', 
+                         :image=>$image['view'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{showCode 'ttkprogress'}), 
+         Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', 
+                         :image=>$image['delete'], :compound=>:left, 
+                         :command=>proc{
+                           $ttkprogress_demo.destroy
+                           $ttkprogress_demo = nil
+                         }), 
+         :padx=>4, :pady=>4)
+  grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+  pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x)
+}
+
+frame = Ttk::Frame.new(base_frame).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+p1 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:determinate)
+p2 = Ttk::Progressbar.new(frame, :mode=>:indeterminate)
+
+start = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Start Progress', 
+                        :command=>proc{ p1.start; p2.start })
+stop  = Ttk::Button.new(frame, :text=>'Stop Progress', 
+                        :command=>proc{ p1.stop; p2.stop })
+
+Tk.grid(p1, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+Tk.grid(p2, '-', :pady=>5, :padx=>10)
+Tk.grid(start, stop, :padx=>10, :pady=>5)
+start.grid_configure(:sticky=>'e')
+stop.grid_configure(:sticky=>'w')
+frame.grid_columnconfigure(:all, :weight=>1)
+
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
index d0fa8ca49e..faefaefd6e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $twind_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame À¸À®
-$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind_demo) {|frame|
+$twind_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ $twind_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
 $twind_text = nil
-TkFrame.new($twind_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>'true', 'font'=>$font, 
                           'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
index e8009cef19..2a26b28ef6 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/twind2.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ $twind2_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
 # frame À¸À®
-$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new($twind2_demo) {|frame|
+$twind2_buttons = TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkGrid(TkFrame.new(frame, :height=>2, :relief=>:sunken, :bd=>2), 
          :columnspan=>4, :row=>0, :sticky=>'ew', :pady=>2)
   TkGrid('x', 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ $twind2_buttons.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
 # frame À¸À®
 $twind2_text = nil
-TkFrame.new($twind2_demo, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
+TkFrame.new(base_frame, 'highlightthickness'=>2, 'borderwidth'=>2, 
             'relief'=>'sunken') {|f|
   $twind2_text = TkText.new(f, 'setgrid'=>true, 'font'=>$font,
                             # 'width'=>'70', 'height'=>35, 'wrap'=>'word', 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
index 7ab415fe57..178077ec08 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/unicodeout.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ $unicodeout_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
   positionWindow(w)
 }
 
-TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
             :font=>$font, :wraplength=>'5.4i', :justify=>:left, 
             :text=><<EOL).pack(:side=>:top)
 ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¤Tk¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÈó²¤ÊÆʸ»ú½¸¹ç¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¸À¸ì¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î\
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Tcl¤Î¥¨¥¹¥±¡¼¥×ɽ¸½¤òÍѤ¤¤¿UNICODEʸ»úÎó¤Ç½ñ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡¥\
 EOL
 #'
 
-TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame){|f|
   pack(:side=>:bottom, :fill=>:x, :pady=>'2m')
 
   TkButton.new(f, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :width=>15, :command=>proc{
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ TkFrame.new($unicodeout_demo){|f|
                }).pack(:side=>:left, :expand=>true)
 }
 
-wait_msg = TkLabel.new($unicodeout_demo, 
+wait_msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame, 
                        :text=>"¥Õ¥©¥ó¥ÈÆɤ߹þ¤ß¤Î´°Î»¤Þ¤Ç" + 
                               "¤·¤Ð¤é¤¯¤ªÂÔ¤Á²¼¤µ¤¤¡¥¡¥¡¥", 
                        :font=>"Helvetica 12 italic").pack
@@ -68,8 +70,8 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
   # @@font = 'Newspaper 12'
   # @@font = '{New century schoolbook} 12'
 
-  def initialize()
-    super($unicodeout_demo)
+  def initialize(base)
+    super(base)
     grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
   end
 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ class Unicodeout_SampleFrame < TkFrame
     l.grid_config(:padx, '1m')
   end
 end
-f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new
+f = Unicodeout_SampleFrame.new(base_frame)
 f.pack(:expand=>true, :fill=>:both, :padx=>'2m', :pady=>'1m')
 
 # Processing when some characters are missing might take a while, so make
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
index 990ca43215..a1097fd77f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/vscale.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ $vscale_demo = TkToplevel.new {|w|
 }
 positionWindow($vscale_demo)
 
-msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
+base_frame = TkFrame.new($vscale_demo).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+msg = TkLabel.new(base_frame) {
   font $font
   wraplength '3.5i'
   justify 'left'
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ msg = TkLabel.new($vscale_demo) {
 }
 msg.pack('side'=>'top', 'padx'=>'.5c')
 
-TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   TkButton.new(frame) {
     #text 'λ²ò'
     text 'ÊĤ¸¤ë'
@@ -40,7 +42,17 @@ TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes')
 }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x', 'pady'=>'2m')
 
-TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
+def setHeight(w, height)
+  height = height + 21
+  y2 = height - 30
+  if y2 < 21
+    y2 = 21
+  end
+  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
+end
+
+TkFrame.new(base_frame) {|frame|
   borderwidth 10
   canvas = TkCanvas.new(frame) {|c|
     width 50
@@ -66,14 +78,3 @@ TkFrame.new($vscale_demo) {|frame|
   }.pack('side'=>'left', 'anchor'=>'ne')
   scale.set 75
 }.pack
-
-def setHeight(w, height)
-  height = height + 21
-  y2 = height - 30
-  if y2 < 21
-    y2 = 21
-  end
-  w.coords 'poly',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-  w.coords 'line',15,20,35,20,35,y2,45,y2,25,height,5,y2,15,y2,15,20
-end
-
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
index 3eea4c7887..dad85c221f 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/demos-jp/widget
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 # -*- coding: euc-jp -*-
 
 # ´Á»ú¥³¡¼¥ÉÀßÄê ( tk.rb ¤Î¥í¡¼¥É»þ¤Î encoding ¿äÄê/ÀßÄê¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤ë )
-if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0' ### !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+#if RUBY_VERSION < '1.9.0' ### !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+unless defined?(::Encoding.default_external)
   $KCODE = 'euc'
 else
   DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING = 'EUC-JP'
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ end
 require 'tk'
 # require 'tkafter'
 
+$RubyTk_WidgetDemo = true
+
 # widget demo directory °ÌÃ֤γÍÆÀ
 # $demo_dir = File.dirname($0)
 $demo_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
@@ -46,15 +49,15 @@ when /^4.*/
 #  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 16', 'Gothic 16 bold')
 
 when /^8.*/
-  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica 12')
-  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetica 12', 'Mincho 12')
+  $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12')
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetica -12', 'Mincho -12')
   TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
-  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 18 bold', 'Gothic 18 bold')
+  $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 14 bold', 'Gothic 14 bold')
 
 else
   $font = TkFont.new('Helvetica 14', nil)
   knjfont = '-*--16-*-jisx0208.1983-0'
-  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetic 14', knj)
+  $kanji_font = TkFont.new('Helvetic 14', knjfont)
   TkOption.add('*kanjiFont', knjfont, 'startupFile')
   $msg_kanji_font=TkFont.new('Helvetica 14',
                              '-*--24-*-jisx0208.1983-0')
@@ -121,14 +124,22 @@ EOD
 end
 
 # ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼ÀßÄê
-TkMenubar.new($root, 
-              [[['File', 0], 
-                  ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
-                  '---', 
-                  ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Meta-Q']
-                ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+if $tk_major_ver >= 8
+  $root.add_menubar([[['File', 0], 
+                        ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                        '---', 
+                        ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
+                      ]])
+else
+  TkMenubar.new($root, 
+                [[['File', 0], 
+                    ['About ... ', proc{aboutBox}, 0, '<F1>'],
+                    '---', 
+                    ['Quit', proc{exit}, 0, 'Ctrl-Q']
+                  ]]).pack('side'=>'top', 'fill'=>'x')
+end
 $root.bind('F1', proc{aboutBox})
-$root.bind('Meta-q', proc{exit})
+$root.bind('Control-q', proc{exit})
 
 =begin
 TkFrame.new($root){|frame|
@@ -276,14 +287,31 @@ txt.insert('end', <<"EOT")
 ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢"¥³¡¼¥É»²¾È"¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬\
 ˾¤à¤Ê¤é¡¢¤½¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¤ò½¤Àµ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£½¤Àµ¤·¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¤Ç¥Ç¥â\
 ¥ó¥¹¥È¥ì¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òºÆ¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥³¡¼¥É¤¬½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤Ë\
-¤¢¤ë"¥Ç¥âºÆ¼Â¹Ô" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
-
-°ìÉô¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¤Èæ³ÓŪºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î Tk ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ\
-¤¤¤Ê¤¤µ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹(Î㤨¤Ð Tk8.4 °Ê¾å¤Ê¤É)¡¥¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¤\
-¤½¤¦¤·¤¿µ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤ Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¤¤½¤¦¤·¤¿\
-¥Ç¥â¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡¥¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¤¤½¤ì¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È\
-¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¤tcltklib ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤Æ\
-¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡¥
+¤¢¤ë"¥Ç¥âºÆ¼Â¹Ô" ¥Ü¥¿¥ó¤ò¥¯¥ê¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£\
+¥³¡¼¥É¤ò½¤Àµ¤·¤Æ¤â¥ª¥ê¥¸¥Ê¥ë¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬½ñ¤­´¹¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï\
+¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«¤é¡¢¿´ÇÛ¤»¤º¤Ë¿§¡¹¤ÊÊѹ¹¤ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+°ìÉô¤Î¥Ç¥â¤Ç¤Ï¡¢Èæ³ÓŪºÇ¶á¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î Tk ¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ\
+¤¤¤Ê¤¤µ¡Ç½¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¼ÂÁõ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹(Î㤨¤Ð Tk8.4 °Ê¾å¤Ê¤É)¡£¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢\
+¤½¤¦¤·¤¿µ¡Ç½¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤ Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿\
+¥Ç¥â¤ÏÀµ¤·¤¯Æ°¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êµ¡Ç½¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È\
+¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë Tk ¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê¤ò»È¤¦¤è¤¦¤Ë tcltklib ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤·¤Ê¤ª¤·¤Æ\
+¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+
+¤â¤·¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î Tk ¤¬ (ºÇ½é¤«¤é´Þ¤à¤«¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤·¤¿¤«¤Ë¤è¤ê) \
+Ttk (Tile) ³ÈÄ¥¤òÍøÍѤǤ­¤ë¾õÂ֤Ǥ¢¤ë¤Ê¤é¡¢\
+Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Î¥Ç¥â (sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb) ¤â¤¼¤Ò»î¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
+( ¿ʬ¡¤¸½ºß¤Î¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Î´Ä¶­¤Ë¤Ï Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Ï\
+#{
+begin
+  require 'tkextlib/tile'
+  "¤¹¤Ç¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹"
+rescue
+  "¤Þ¤À¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó"
+end
+}\
+¡£)
+Ttk ³ÈÄ¥¤Ï¡¢Tk8.5 °Ê¾å¤Ç¤Ïɸ½à¤Îµ¡Ç½¤È¤·¤ÆÁȤ߹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
 
 
 EOT
@@ -332,6 +360,9 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "14. ¥é¥Ù¥ëÉÕ¤­¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-labelframe")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "15. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¤Î´Êñ¤ÊÎã (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo, "demo-ttkbut")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥ê¥¹¥È¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_middle)
@@ -344,6 +375,12 @@ txt.insert('end', "2. ¿§: ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤ÎÇÛ¿§¤òÊѤ¨¤ë\n",
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "3. ³Ê¸À½¸\n", tag_demo, "demo-sayings")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. ¹ñ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥«¥é¥à¥ê¥¹¥È (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo, "demo-mclist")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "5. ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¥Ö¥é¥¦¥¶ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo, "demo-tree")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤È¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_middle)
@@ -359,7 +396,10 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥¹¥Ô¥ó¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-spin")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "5. ´Êñ¤Ê¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
+txt.insert('end', "5. ¥³¥ó¥Ü¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo, "demo-combo")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. ´Êñ¤Ê¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à\n", tag_demo, "demo-form")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -405,18 +445,23 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "8. ¥¹¥¯¥í¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤Ê¥­¥ã¥ó¥Ð¥¹\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-cscroll")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "9. ¥Á¥§¥¹¥Ü¡¼¥É¾å¤Îµ³»Î¤Î½ä²ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo, "demo-knightstour")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-#txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_middle)
-txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_kanji_title)
+#txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_middle)
+txt.insert('end', "¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë¤È¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "1. ¿âľ\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
+txt.insert('end', "1. ¿âľ¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-vscale")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. ¿åÊ¿\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
+txt.insert('end', "2. ¿åÊ¿¥¹¥±¡¼¥ë\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-hscale")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "3. ¥×¥í¥°¥ì¥¹¥Ð¡¼ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkprogress")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-txt.insert('end', "¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_kanji_title)
+txt.insert('end', "¥Ú¥¤¥ó¥É¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦¤È¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¿åÊ¿Êý¸þ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo.id, "demo-paned1")
@@ -424,10 +469,16 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "2. ¿âľÊý¸þ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
            tag_demo.id, "demo-paned2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "3. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿Ëä¤á¹þ¤ß¥Ú¥¤¥ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkpane")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. ¥Î¡¼¥È¥Ö¥Ã¥¯¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttknote")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
-#txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼\n", tag_middle)
-txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
+#txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_middle)
+txt.insert('end', "¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¤È¥«¥¹¥±¡¼¥É¤ò´Þ¤ó¤À¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-menu")
@@ -441,6 +492,12 @@ txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "4. ¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Tk8.x ÀìÍÑ)\n", 
            tag_demo, "demo-menubu")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "5. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥á¥Ë¥å¡¼¥Ü¥¿¥ó (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo.id, "demo-ttkmenu")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "6. ¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ä¡¼¥ë¥Ð¡¼ (Tile/Ttk³ÈÄ¥¤Ø¤ÎÂбþ¤¬É¬Í×)\n", 
+           tag_demo.id, "demo-toolbar")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
 #txt.insert('end', "¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_middle)
@@ -448,9 +505,11 @@ txt.insert('end', "¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°¥¦¥£¥ó¥É¥¦\n", tag_kanji_title)
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 txt.insert('end', "1. ¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "2. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
+txt.insert('end', "2. ¾ÜºÙ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥ÈÉÕ¤­¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹ (µ¡Ç½¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ÎTk¤¬É¬Í×)\n", tag_demo, "demo-msgbox2")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
-txt.insert('end', "3. ¿§ÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
+txt.insert('end', "3. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-filebox")
+txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
+txt.insert('end', "4. ¿§ÁªÂò¥À¥¤¥¢¥í¥°\n", tag_demo, "demo-clrpick")
 txt.insert('end', " \n ", tag_demospace)
 
 txt.insert('end', "\n")
@@ -499,7 +558,8 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
   end
   top = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
     title "Variable values"
-    TkLabel.new(w) {
+    base = TkFrame.new(w).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+    TkLabel.new(base) {
       text "ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:"
       width 20
       anchor 'center'
@@ -514,14 +574,14 @@ def showVars1(parent, *args)
       len = vnam.to_s.length if vnam.to_s.length > len
     }
     args.each{|vnam,vbody|
-      TkFrame.new(w){|f|
+      TkFrame.new(base){|f|
         #TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"#{vnam}: ").pack('side'=>'left')
         TkLabel.new(f, 'text'=>"#{vnam}: ",'width'=>len+2).pack('side'=>'left')
         TkLabel.new(f, 'textvariable'=>vbody, 'anchor'=>'w')\
                    .pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
       }.pack('side'=>'top', 'anchor'=>'w', 'fill'=>'x')
     }
-    TkButton.new(w) {
+    TkButton.new(base) {
       text "λ²ò"
       command proc{w.destroy}
     }.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'pady'=>2)
@@ -536,10 +596,12 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
     rescue
     end
   end
-  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|w|
+  $showVarsWin[parent.path] = TkToplevel.new(parent) {|top|
     title "Variable values"
 
-    TkLabelFrame.new(w, :text=>"ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:", 
+    base = TkFrame.new(top).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+
+    TkLabelFrame.new(base, :text=>"ÊÑ¿ôÃÍ:", 
                      :font=>{:family=>'Helvetica', :size=>14}){|f|
       args.each{|vnam,vbody|
         TkGrid(TkLabel.new(f, :text=>"#{vnam}: ", :anchor=>'w'), 
@@ -551,15 +613,15 @@ def showVars2(parent, *args)
       f.grid_columnconfig(1, :weight=>1)
       f.grid_rowconfig(100, :weight=>1)
     }
-    TkButton.new(w, :text=>"λ²ò", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
-                 :command=>proc{w.destroy}){|b|
-      w.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
-      w.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
+    TkButton.new(base, :text=>"λ²ò", :width=>8, :default=>:active, 
+                 :command=>proc{top.destroy}){|b|
+      top.bind('Return', proc{b.invoke})
+      top.bind('Escape', proc{b.invoke})
 
       b.grid(:sticky=>'e', :padx=>4, :pady=>[6, 4])
     }
-    w.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
-    w.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    base.grid_columnconfig(0, :weight=>1)
+    base.grid_rowconfig(0, :weight=>1)
   }
 end
 
@@ -653,10 +715,27 @@ def _null_binding
 end
 private :_null_binding
 
-def eval_samplecode(code)
+def eval_samplecode(code, file=nil)
   #eval(code)
   #_null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) }
-  Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
+  #Thread.new{ _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{ eval(code) } }
+  Thread.new{
+    _null_binding.pseudo_toplevel_eval{
+      begin
+        if file
+          eval(code, binding, "(eval:#{file})")
+        else
+          eval(code)
+        end
+      rescue Exception=>e
+        #p e
+        TkBgError.show(e.message + "\n" + 
+                         "\n---< backtrace of Ruby side >-----\n" + 
+                         e.backtrace.join("\n") + 
+                         "\n---< backtrace of Tk side >-------")
+      end
+    }
+  }
   Tk.update
 end
 
@@ -670,7 +749,7 @@ def invoke(txt, idx)
   Tk.update
   # eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, _null_binding)
   # Tk.update
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, tag[5..-1]].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, tag[5..-1] + '.rb')
   txt.cursor(cursor)
 
   $tag_visited.add("#{idx} linestart +1 chars", "#{idx} lineend +1 chars")
@@ -716,6 +795,7 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   if $code_window == nil || TkWinfo.exist?($code_window) == false
     $code_window = TkToplevel.new(nil)
     f = TkFrame.new($code_window)
+
     TkButton.new(f) {
       #text "λ²ò"
       text "ÊĤ¸¤ë"
@@ -723,14 +803,25 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         $code_window.destroy
         $code_window = nil
       }
-    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
+    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
     TkButton.new(f) {
       text "ºÆ¼Â¹Ô"
       # command proc{eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)}
-      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))}
-    }.pack('side'=>'left', 'expand'=>'yes', 'pady'=>2)
-#    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'yes', 'fill'=>'x')
-    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'fill'=>'x')
+      command proc{eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')}
+    }.pack('side'=>'right', 'expand'=>'false', 'pady'=>2)
+
+    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'line:').pack('side'=>'left')
+    linenum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
+    TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'  pos:').pack('side'=>'left')
+    posnum =TkLabel.new(f,'text'=>'').pack('side'=>'left')
+
+    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
+      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
+      linenum.text = line
+      posnum.text  = pos
+    }
+
+    f.pack('side'=>'bottom', 'expand'=>'true', 'fill'=>'x')
 
     if $tk_version =~ /^4\.[01]/
       s = TkScrollbar.new($code_window, 'orient'=>'vertical')
@@ -774,10 +865,21 @@ def showCode1(demo)
         TkGrid.columnconfigure(f, 0, 'weight'=>1, 'minsize'=>0)
       }
     end
+
+    btag = TkBindTag.new
+
+    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
+    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
+
+    btags = $code_text.bindtags
+    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
+    $code_text.bindtags = btags
+
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
   end
+
   $code_window.title("Demo code: #{file}")
   $code_window.iconname(file)
 #  fid = open(file, 'r')
@@ -788,6 +890,9 @@ def showCode1(demo)
   #$code_mark = TkTextMark.new($code_text, '1.0')
   #$code_text.set_insert('1.0')
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+
+  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
+
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -808,7 +913,19 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     tf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
 
     bf = TkFrame.new($code_window)
-    
+
+    lf = TkFrame.new(bf)
+    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'line:').pack(:side=>:left)
+    linenum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
+    TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'  pos:').pack(:side=>:left)
+    posnum =TkLabel.new(lf, :text=>'').pack(:side=>:left)
+
+    $set_linenum = proc{|w|
+      line, pos = w.index('insert').split('.')
+      linenum.text = line
+      posnum.text  = pos
+    }
+
     #b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'λ²ò', :default=>:active, 
     b_dis = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ÊĤ¸¤ë', :default=>:active, 
                          :command=>proc{
@@ -822,12 +939,12 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     b_run = TkButton.new(bf, :text=>'ºÆ¼Â¹Ô', 
                          :command=>proc{
                            # eval($code_text.get('1.0','end'), _null_binding)
-                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'))
+                           eval_samplecode($code_text.get('1.0','end'), '<viewer>')
                          }, 
                          :image=>$image['refresh'], :compound=>:left)
 
-    TkGrid('x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
-    bf.grid_columnconfigure(0, :weight=>1)
+    TkGrid(lf, 'x', b_run, b_prn, b_dis, :padx=>4, :pady=>[6,4])
+    bf.grid_columnconfigure(1, :weight=>1)
 
     TkGrid(tf, :sticky=>'news')
     TkGrid(bf, :sticky=>'ew')
@@ -840,6 +957,16 @@ def showCode2(demo)
     $code_window.bindinfo('Return').each{|cmd, arg|
       $code_window.bind_append('Escape', cmd, arg)
     }
+
+    btag = TkBindTag.new
+
+    btag.bind('Key', $set_linenum, '%W')
+    btag.bind('Button', $set_linenum, '%W')
+
+    btags = $code_text.bindtags
+    btags.insert(btags.index($code_text.class) + 1, btag)
+    $code_text.bindtags = btags
+
   else
     $code_window.deiconify
     $code_window.raise
@@ -851,6 +978,9 @@ def showCode2(demo)
   $code_text.delete('1.0', 'end')
   $code_text.insert('1.0', fid.read)
   TkTextMarkInsert.new($code_text,'1.0')
+
+  $set_linenum.call($code_text)
+
   fid.close
 end
 
@@ -948,12 +1078,13 @@ end
 #
 def aboutBox
   Tk.messageBox('icon'=>'info', 'type'=>'ok', 'title'=>'About Widget Demo', 
-                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.6.3-jp\n\n" + 
+                'message'=>"Ruby/Tk ¥¦¥£¥¸¥§¥Ã¥È¥Ç¥â Ver.1.7.0-jp\n\n" + 
                            "based on demos of Tk8.1 -- 8.5  " + 
-                           "( Copyright:: " + 
+                           "( Copyright of Tcl/Tk demos:: " + 
                            "(c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. / " + 
                            "(c) 1997-2000 Ajuba Solutions, Inc. / " + 
-                           "(c) 2001-2003 Donal K. Fellows )\n\n" +
+                           "(c) 2001-2007 Donal K. Fellows / " + 
+                           "(c) 2002-2007 Daniel A. Steffen )\n\n" +
                            "Your Ruby & Tk Version ::\n" + 
                            "Ruby#{RUBY_VERSION}(#{RUBY_RELEASE_DATE})[#{RUBY_PLATFORM}] / Tk#{$tk_patchlevel}#{(Tk::JAPANIZED_TK)? '-jp': ''}\n\n" + 
                            "Ruby/Tk release date :: tcltklib #{TclTkLib::RELEASE_DATE}; tk #{Tk::RELEASE_DATE}")
@@ -975,7 +1106,7 @@ ARGV.each{|cmd|
   end
   #eval(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, 
   #     _null_binding)
-  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join)
+  eval_samplecode(IO.readlines("#{[$demo_dir, cmd].join(File::Separator)}.rb").join, cmd + '.rb')
 }
 if no_launcher
   $root.withdraw  # hide root window
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb b/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b6979d2dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/figmemo_sample.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require 'tk'
+
+begin
+  # try to use Img extension
+  require 'tkextlib/tkimg'
+rescue Exception
+  # cannot use Img extention --> ignore
+end
+
+
+############################
+# scrolled_canvas
+class TkScrolledCanvas < TkCanvas
+  include TkComposite
+
+  def initialize_composite(keys={})
+    @h_scr = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
+    @v_scr = TkScrollbar.new(@frame)
+
+    @canvas = TkCanvas.new(@frame)
+    @path = @canvas.path
+
+    @canvas.xscrollbar(@h_scr)
+    @canvas.yscrollbar(@v_scr)
+
+    TkGrid.rowconfigure(@frame, 0, :weight=>1, :minsize=>0)
+    TkGrid.columnconfigure(@frame, 0, :weight=>1, :minsize=>0)
+
+    @canvas.grid(:row=>0, :column=>0, :sticky=>'news')
+    @h_scr.grid(:row=>1, :column=>0, :sticky=>'ew')
+    @v_scr.grid(:row=>0, :column=>1, :sticky=>'ns')
+
+    delegate('DEFAULT', @canvas)
+    delegate('background', @canvas, @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate('activebackground', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate('troughcolor', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate('repeatdelay', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate('repeatinterval', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate('borderwidth', @frame)
+    delegate('relief', @frame)
+
+    delegate_alias('canvasborderwidth', 'borderwidth', @canvas)
+    delegate_alias('canvasrelief', 'relief', @canvas)
+
+    delegate_alias('scrollbarborderwidth', 'borderwidth', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+    delegate_alias('scrollbarrelief', 'relief', @h_scr, @v_scr)
+
+    configure(keys) unless keys.empty?
+  end
+end
+
+############################
+class PhotoCanvas < TkScrolledCanvas
+
+USAGE = <<EOT
+--- WHAT IS ---
+You can write comments on the loaded image, and save it as a Postscipt 
+file (original image file is not modified). Each comment is drawn as a 
+set of an indicator circle, an arrow, and a memo text. See the following 
+how to write comments.
+This can save the list of memo texts to another file. It may useful to 
+search the saved Postscript file by the comments on them.
+This may not support multibyte characters (multibyte texts are broken on 
+a Postscript file). It depends on features of canvas widgets of Tcl/Tk 
+libraries linked your Ruby/Tk. If you use Tcl/Tk8.0-jp (Japanized Tcl/Tk),
+you can (possibly) get a Japanese Postscript file.
+
+--- BINDINGS ---
+* Button-1 : draw comments by following steps
+    1st - Set center of a indicator circle.
+    2nd - Set head position of an arrow.
+    3rd - Set tail position of an arrow, and show an entry box.
+          Input a memo text and hit 'Enter' key to entry the comment.
+
+* Button-2-drag : scroll the canvas
+
+* Button-3 : when drawing, cancel current drawing
+
+* Double-Button-3 : delete the clicked comment (text, arrow, and circle)
+EOT
+
+  def initialize(*args)
+    super(*args)
+
+    self.highlightthickness = 0
+    self.selectborderwidth = 0
+
+    @photo = TkPhotoImage.new
+    @img = TkcImage.new(self, 0, 0, :image=>@photo)
+
+    width  = self.width
+    height = self.height
+    @scr_region = [-width, -height, width, height]
+    self.scrollregion(@scr_region)
+    self.xview_moveto(0.25)
+    self.yview_moveto(0.25)
+
+    @col = 'red'
+    @font = 'Helvetica -12'
+
+    @memo_id_num = -1
+    @memo_id_head = 'memo_'
+    @memo_id_tag = nil
+    @overlap_d = 2
+
+    @state = TkVariable.new
+    @border = 2
+    @selectborder = 1
+    @delta = @border + @selectborder
+    @entry = TkEntry.new(self, :relief=>:ridge, :borderwidth=>@border, 
+                         :selectborderwidth=>@selectborder, 
+                         :highlightthickness=>0)
+    @entry.bind('Return'){@state.value = 0}
+
+    @mode = old_mode = 0
+
+    _state0()
+
+    bind('2', :x, :y){|x,y| scan_mark(x,y)}
+    bind('B2-Motion', :x, :y){|x,y| scan_dragto(x,y)}
+
+    bind('3'){
+      next if (old_mode = @mode) == 0
+      @items.each{|item| item.delete }
+      _state0()
+    }
+
+    bind('Double-3', :widget, :x, :y){|w, x, y|
+      next if old_mode != 0
+      x = w.canvasx(x)
+      y = w.canvasy(y)
+      tag = nil
+      w.find_overlapping(x - @overlap_d, y - @overlap_d, 
+                         x + @overlap_d, y + @overlap_d).find{|item|
+        ! (item.tags.find{|name|
+             if name =~ /^(#{@memo_id_head}\d+)$/
+               tag = $1
+             end
+           }.empty?)
+      }
+      w.delete(tag) if tag
+    }
+  end
+
+  #-----------------------------------
+  private
+  def _state0() # init
+    @mode = 0
+
+    @memo_id_num += 1
+    @memo_id_tag = @memo_id_head + @memo_id_num.to_s
+
+    @target = nil
+    @items = []
+    @mark = [0, 0]
+    bind_remove('Motion')
+    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state1(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
+  end
+
+  def _state1(x,y) # set center
+    @mode = 1
+
+    @target = TkcOval.new(self, 
+                          [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
+                          :outline=>@col, :width=>3, :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
+    @items << @target
+    @mark = [x,y]
+
+    bind('Motion', proc{|x,y| _state2(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
+    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state3(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
+  end
+
+  def _state2(x,y) # create circle
+    @mode = 2
+
+    r = Integer(Math.sqrt((x-@mark[0])**2 + (y-@mark[1])**2))
+    @target.coords([canvasx(@mark[0] - r), canvasy(@mark[1] - r)], 
+                   [canvasx(@mark[0] + r), canvasy(@mark[1] + r)])
+  end
+
+  def _state3(x,y) # set line start
+    @mode = 3
+
+    @target = TkcLine.new(self, 
+                          [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
+                          :arrow=>:first, :arrowshape=>[10, 14, 5], 
+                          :fill=>@col, :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
+    @items << @target
+    @mark = [x, y]
+
+    bind('Motion', proc{|x,y| _state4(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
+    bind('ButtonRelease-1', proc{|x,y| _state5(x,y)}, '%x', '%y')
+  end
+
+  def _state4(x,y) # create line
+    @mode = 4
+
+    @target.coords([canvasx(@mark[0]), canvasy(@mark[1])], 
+                   [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)])
+  end
+
+  def _state5(x,y) # set text
+    @mode = 5
+
+    if x - @mark[0] >= 0
+      justify = 'left'
+      dx = - @delta
+
+      if y - @mark[1] >= 0
+        anchor = 'nw'
+        dy = - @delta
+      else
+        anchor = 'sw'
+        dy = @delta
+      end
+    else
+      justify = 'right'
+      dx = @delta
+
+      if y - @mark[1] >= 0
+        anchor = 'ne'
+        dy = - @delta
+      else
+        anchor = 'se'
+        dy = @delta
+      end
+    end
+
+    bind_remove('Motion')
+
+    @entry.value = ''
+    @entry.configure(:justify=>justify, :font=>@font, :foreground=>@col)
+
+    ewin = TkcWindow.new(self, [canvasx(x)+dx, canvasy(y)+dy], 
+                         :window=>@entry, :state=>:normal, :anchor=>anchor, 
+                         :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
+
+    @entry.focus
+    @entry.grab
+    @state.wait
+    @entry.grab_release
+
+    ewin.delete
+
+    @target = TkcText.new(self, [canvasx(x), canvasy(y)], 
+                          :anchor=>anchor, :justify=>justify, 
+                          :fill=>@col, :font=>@font, :text=>@entry.value, 
+                          :tags=>[@memo_id_tag])
+
+    _state0()
+  end
+
+  #-----------------------------------
+  public
+  def load_photo(filename)
+    @photo.configure(:file=>filename)
+  end
+
+  def modified?
+    ! ((find_withtag('all') - [@img]).empty?)
+  end
+
+  def fig_erase
+    (find_withtag('all') - [@img]).each{|item| item.delete}
+  end
+
+  def reset_region
+    width = @photo.width
+    height = @photo.height
+
+    if width > @scr_region[2]
+      @scr_region[0] = -width
+      @scr_region[2] = width
+    end
+
+    if height > @scr_region[3]
+      @scr_region[1] = -height
+      @scr_region[3] = height
+    end
+
+    self.scrollregion(@scr_region)
+    self.xview_moveto(0.25)
+    self.yview_moveto(0.25)
+  end
+
+  def get_texts
+    ret = []
+    find_withtag('all').each{|item|
+      if item.kind_of?(TkcText)
+        ret << item[:text]
+      end
+    }
+    ret
+  end
+end
+############################
+
+# define methods for menu
+def open_file(canvas, fname)
+  if canvas.modified?
+    ret = Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'warning',:type=>'okcancel',:default=>'cancel',
+                        :message=>'Canvas may be modified. Realy erase? ')
+    return if ret == 'cancel'
+  end
+
+  filetypes = [
+    ['GIF Files', '.gif'], 
+    ['GIF Files', [], 'GIFF'], 
+    ['PPM Files', '.ppm'], 
+    ['PGM Files', '.pgm']
+  ]
+
+  begin
+    if Tk::Img::package_version != ''
+      filetypes << ['JPEG Files', ['.jpg', '.jpeg']]
+      filetypes << ['PNG Files', '.png']
+      filetypes << ['PostScript Files', '.ps']
+      filetypes << ['PDF Files', '.pdf']
+      filetypes << ['Windows Bitmap Files', '.bmp']
+      filetypes << ['Windows Icon Files', '.ico']
+      filetypes << ['PCX Files', '.pcx']
+      filetypes << ['Pixmap Files', '.pixmap']
+      filetypes << ['SGI Files', '.sgi']
+      filetypes << ['Sun Raster Files', '.sun']
+      filetypes << ['TGA Files', '.tga']
+      filetypes << ['TIFF Files', '.tiff']
+      filetypes << ['XBM Files', '.xbm']
+      filetypes << ['XPM Files', '.xpm']
+    end
+  rescue
+  end
+
+  filetypes << ['ALL Files', '*']
+
+  fpath = Tk.getOpenFile(:filetypes=>filetypes)
+  return if fpath.empty?
+
+  begin
+    canvas.load_photo(fpath)
+  rescue => e
+    Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'error', :type=>'ok', 
+                  :message=>"Fail to read '#{fpath}'.\n#{e.message}")
+  end
+
+  canvas.fig_erase
+  canvas.reset_region
+
+  fname.value = fpath
+end
+
+# --------------------------------
+def save_memo(canvas, fname)
+  initname = fname.value
+  if initname != '-'
+    initname = File.basename(initname, File.extname(initname))
+    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Text Files', '.txt'], 
+                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ], 
+                           :initialfile=>initname)
+  else
+    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Text Files', '.txt'], 
+                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ])
+  end
+  return if fpath.empty?
+
+  begin
+    fid = open(fpath, 'w')
+  rescue => e
+    Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'error', :type=>'ok', 
+                  :message=>"Fail to open '#{fname.value}'.\n#{e.message}")
+  end
+
+  begin
+    canvas.get_texts.each{|txt|
+      fid.print(txt, "\n")
+    }
+  ensure
+    fid.close
+  end
+end
+
+# --------------------------------
+def ps_print(canvas, fname)
+  initname = fname.value
+  if initname != '-'
+    initname = File.basename(initname, File.extname(initname))
+    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Postscript Files', '.ps'], 
+                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ], 
+                           :initialfile=>initname)
+  else
+    fpath = Tk.getSaveFile(:filetypes=>[ ['Postscript Files', '.ps'], 
+                                         ['ALL Files', '*'] ])
+  end
+  return if fpath.empty?
+
+  bbox = canvas.bbox('all')
+  canvas.postscript(:file=>fpath, :x=>bbox[0], :y=>bbox[1], 
+                    :width=>bbox[2] - bbox[0], :height=>bbox[3] - bbox[1])
+end
+
+# --------------------------------
+def quit(canvas)
+  ret = Tk.messageBox(:icon=>'warning', :type=>'okcancel', 
+                      :default=>'cancel', 
+                      :message=>'Realy quit? ')
+  exit if ret == 'ok'
+end
+
+# --------------------------------
+# setup root
+root = TkRoot.new(:title=>'Fig Memo')
+
+# create canvas frame
+canvas = PhotoCanvas.new(root).pack(:fill=>:both, :expand=>true)
+usage_frame = TkFrame.new(root, :relief=>:ridge, :borderwidth=>2)
+hide_btn = TkButton.new(usage_frame, :text=>'hide usage', 
+                        :font=>{:size=>8}, :pady=>1, 
+                        :command=>proc{usage_frame.unpack})
+hide_btn.pack(:anchor=>'e', :padx=>5)
+usage = TkLabel.new(usage_frame, :text=>PhotoCanvas::USAGE, 
+                    :font=>'Helvetica 8', :justify=>:left).pack
+
+show_usage = proc{
+  usage_frame.pack(:before=>canvas, :fill=>:x, :expand=>true)
+}
+
+fname = TkVariable.new('-')
+f = TkFrame.new(root, :relief=>:sunken, :borderwidth=>1).pack(:fill=>:x)
+label = TkLabel.new(f, :textvariable=>fname, 
+                    :font=>{:size=>-12, :weight=>:bold}, 
+                    :anchor=>'w').pack(:side=>:left, :fill=>:x, :padx=>10)
+
+# create menu
+mspec = [
+  [ ['File', 0], 
+    ['Show Usage',      proc{show_usage.call}, 5], 
+    '---', 
+    ['Open Image File', proc{open_file(canvas, fname)}, 0], 
+    ['Save Memo Texts', proc{save_memo(canvas, fname)}, 0], 
+    '---', 
+    ['Save Postscript', proc{ps_print(canvas, fname)}, 5], 
+    '---', 
+    ['Quit', proc{quit(canvas)}, 0]
+  ]
+]
+root.add_menubar(mspec)
+
+# manage wm_protocol
+root.protocol(:WM_DELETE_WINDOW){quit(canvas)}
+
+# show usage
+show_usage.call
+
+# --------------------------------
+# start eventloop
+Tk.mainloop
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/iwidgets/sample/entryfield-2.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/iwidgets/sample/entryfield-2.rb
index 4a4c2e7eb7..e2b4eec6bc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/iwidgets/sample/entryfield-2.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/iwidgets/sample/entryfield-2.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 #  set $KCODE to 'utf' for a utf8 charecter
 #
 #########################################################
-$KCODE='utf'
+unless defined?(::Encoding.default_external)
+  $KCODE='utf'
+else
+  DEFAULT_TK_ENCODING = 'UTF-8'
+end
 
 require 'tk'
 require 'tkextlib/iwidgets'
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
index 1a9c029701..633a072460 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ end
 Tk::Tile.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
 Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
 
-Tk::Tile::Style.theme_create('step')
+unless Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names.include?('step')
+  Tk::Tile::Style.theme_create('step')
+end
 
 Tk.load_tclscript(File.join(demodir, 'toolbutton.tcl'))
 Tk.load_tclscript(File.join(demodir, 'repeater.tcl'))
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
index 50ecde91f0..eed95d0e1c 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tkextlib/treectrl/demo.rb
@@ -9,11 +9,12 @@ $HasColumnCreate = Tk::TreeCtrl::HasColumnCreateCommand
 
 $Version_1_1_OrLater = (TkPackage.vcompare(Tk::TreeCtrl.package_version, '1.1') >= 0)
 
-if Hash.instance_methods.include?('key')
-  # probably ruby 1.9.x --> use Hash#key
+#if Hash.instance_methods.include?(:key)
+if TkCore::WITH_RUBY_VM  ### Ruby 1.9 !!!!
+  # ruby 1.9.x --> use Hash#key
   # Because Hash#index show warning "Hash#index is deprecated; use Hash#key".
 else
-  # probably ruby 1.8.x --> use Hash#index
+  # ruby 1.8.x --> use Hash#index
   class Hash
     alias key index
   end
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb b/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
index 4573bcebdf..9f012feada 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/tktextio.rb
@@ -254,7 +254,15 @@ class TkTextIO < TkText
       Tk.callback_break
     end
   end
-  private :_cb_up, :_cb_down, :_cb_left, :_cb_backspace, :_cb_ctrl_a
+  def _cb_ctrl_u
+    if @console_mode
+      mark_set('insert', @ins_head)
+      delete('insert', 'insert lineend')
+      Tk.callback_break
+    end
+  end
+  private :_cb_up, :_cb_down, :_cb_left, :_cb_backspace, 
+          :_cb_ctrl_a, :_cb_ctrl_u
 
   def _setup_console_bindings
     @bindtag = TkBindTag.new
@@ -328,6 +336,8 @@ class TkTextIO < TkText
 
     @bindtag.bind('Home'){ _cb_ctrl_a }
     @bindtag.bind('Control-a'){ _cb_ctrl_a }
+
+    @bindtag.bind('Control-u'){ _cb_ctrl_u }
   end
   private :_setup_console_bindings
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb b/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb
index ddae24019f..1580668994 100644
--- a/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/sample/ttk_wrapper.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 #                       by Hidetoshi NAGAI (nagai@ai.kyutech.ac.jp)
 #
-version = '0.1'
+version = '0.1.3'
 #
 ##########################################################################
 #  parse commandline arguments
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ end
 
 
 ##########################################################################
+# define Tcl/Tk procedures for compatibility.
+# those are required when want to use themes included 
+# in "sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb".
+##########################################################################
+Tk::Tile.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
+Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
+
+
+##########################################################################
 #  use themes defined on the demo of Ttk (Tile) extension
 ##########################################################################
 demodir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
@@ -92,15 +101,6 @@ themes_by_ruby.each{|f|
 
 
 ##########################################################################
-# define Tcl/Tk procedures for compatibility.
-# those are required when want to use themes included 
-# in "sample/tkextlib/tile/demo.rb".
-##########################################################################
-Tk::Tile.__define_LoadImages_proc_for_compatibility__!
-Tk::Tile::Style.__define_wrapper_proc_for_compatibility__!
-
-
-##########################################################################
 # ignore unsupported options of Ttk widgets
 ##########################################################################
 TkConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__! true
@@ -108,44 +108,44 @@ TkItemConfigMethod.__set_IGNORE_UNKNOWN_CONFIGURE_OPTION__! true
 
 
 ##########################################################################
-#  define utility method
+#  set theme of widget style
 ##########################################################################
-def setTheme(theme)
-  unless Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names.find{|n| n == theme}
-    if (pkg = TkPackage.names.find{|n| n =~ /(tile|ttk)::theme::#{theme}/})
-      TkPackage.require(pkg)
-    end
-  end
-  Tk::Tile::Style.theme_use(theme)
+if OPTS[:list] || OPTS[:verbose]
+  print "supported theme names: #{Tk::Tile.themes.inspect}\n" 
+  exit if OPTS[:list] && ARGV.empty?
 end
+print "use theme: \"#{OPTS[:theme]}\"\n" if OPTS[:theme] && OPTS[:verbose]
+#setTheme(OPTS[:theme]) if OPTS[:theme]
+Tk::Tile.set_theme(OPTS[:theme]) if OPTS[:theme]
 
 
 ##########################################################################
-#  make theme name list
+#  replace $0 and $RPAGRAM_NAME
 ##########################################################################
-ThemesList = Tk::Tile::Style.theme_names
-TkPackage.names.find_all{|n| n =~ /^(tile|ttk)::theme::/}.each{|pkg|
-  ThemesList << pkg.split('::')[-1]
-}
-ThemesList.uniq!
+#  When the expand_path of the target script is long, ruby sometimes 
+#  fails to set the path to $0 (the path string is trimmed).
+#  The following replaces $0 and $PROGNAME to avoid such trouble.
+progname_obj = $0.dup
+$program_name = progname_obj
 
+alias $REAL_PROGRAM_NAME $0
+alias $PROGRAM_NAME $program_name
+alias $0 $program_name
 
-##########################################################################
-#  set theme of widget style
-##########################################################################
-if OPTS[:list] || OPTS[:verbose]
-  print "supported theme names: #{ThemesList.inspect}\n" 
-  exit if OPTS[:list] && ARGV.empty?
-end
-print "use theme: \"#{OPTS[:theme]}\"\n" if OPTS[:theme] && OPTS[:verbose]
-setTheme(OPTS[:theme]) if OPTS[:theme]
+trace_var(:$program_name){|val|
+  unless progname_obj.object_id == val.object_id
+    progname_obj.replace(val.to_s)
+    $program_name = progname_obj
+  end
+}
 
 
 ##########################################################################
 #  load script
 ##########################################################################
-if (script = File.expand_path(ARGV.shift))
+if (path = ARGV.shift) && (script = File.expand_path(path))
   print "load script \"#{script}\"\n" if OPTS[:verbose]
+  $0 = script
   load(script)
 else
   print "Error: no script is given.\n"
diff --git a/ext/tk/tcltklib.c b/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
index 18e0fd76fb..7fa85daecc 100644
--- a/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
+++ b/ext/tk/tcltklib.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *              Oct. 24, 1997   Y. Matsumoto
  */
 
-#define TCLTKLIB_RELEASE_DATE "2008-03-29"
+#define TCLTKLIB_RELEASE_DATE "2008-06-11"
 
 #include "ruby.h"
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ static ID ID_inspect;
 
 static VALUE ip_invoke_real _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 static VALUE ip_invoke _((int, VALUE*, VALUE));
-
+static VALUE ip_invoke_with_position _((int, VALUE*, VALUE, Tcl_QueuePosition));
 static VALUE tk_funcall _((VALUE(), int, VALUE*, VALUE));
 
 /* Tcl's object type */
@@ -189,6 +189,10 @@ static Tcl_ObjType *Tcl_ObjType_String;
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_RB_HASH_LOOKUP
+#define rb_hash_lookup rb_hash_aref
+#endif
+
 /* safe Tcl_Eval and Tcl_GlobalEval */
 static int
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
@@ -393,19 +397,24 @@ static VALUE eventloop_thread;
 Tcl_ThreadId tk_eventloop_thread_id;  /* native thread ID of Tcl interpreter */
 #endif
 static VALUE eventloop_stack;
-static int   window_event_mode = ~(TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS | TCL_IDLE_EVENTS);
+static int   window_event_mode = ( ~ TCL_IDLE_EVENTS | TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS );
 
 static VALUE watchdog_thread;
 
 Tcl_Interp  *current_interp;
 
 /* thread control strategy */ 
-#define CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE 0
+/* multi-tk works with the following settings only ???
+    : CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE 1
+    : USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE 0
+    : DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE 0
+*/
+#define CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE 1
 #define USE_TOGGLE_WINDOW_MODE_FOR_IDLE 0
-#define DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE 1
+#define DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE 0
 
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-static int have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 0;
+#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
+static int have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 0;
 #endif
 
 /* 
@@ -422,9 +431,6 @@ static int have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 0;
 #define WATCHDOG_INTERVAL              10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
 #define DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK              0/*milliseconds ( 0 -- 999 ) */
 #define NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME      100/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-#define DEFAULT_HAS_WAIT_THREAD_TICK   50/*counts*/
-#endif
 #else /* ! RUBY_VM */
 #define DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX        800/*counts*/
 #define DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_TICK          10/*counts*/
@@ -432,9 +438,6 @@ static int have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 0;
 #define WATCHDOG_INTERVAL              10/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
 #define DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK              0/*milliseconds ( 0 -- 999 ) */
 #define NO_THREAD_INTERRUPT_TIME      100/*milliseconds ( 1 -- 999 ) */
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-#define DEFAULT_HAS_WAIT_THREAD_TICK   50/*counts*/
-#endif
 #endif
 
 static int event_loop_max = DEFAULT_EVENT_LOOP_MAX;
@@ -443,9 +446,6 @@ static int no_event_wait  = DEFAULT_NO_EVENT_WAIT;
 static int timer_tick     = DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK;
 static int req_timer_tick = DEFAULT_TIMER_TICK;
 static int run_timer_flag = 0;
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-static int has_wait_thread_tick = DEFAULT_HAS_WAIT_THREAD_TICK;
-#endif
 
 static int event_loop_wait_event   = 0;
 static int event_loop_abort_on_exc = 1;
@@ -963,8 +963,10 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
     int  thr_crit_bup;
     Tcl_CmdInfo *info;
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
+    Tcl_Obj *cmd_obj;
     Tcl_Obj *state_obj;
 #endif
+    DUMP1("original_exit is called");
 
     if (!(ptr->has_orig_exit)) return;
 
@@ -982,36 +984,55 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
 
     if (info->isNativeObjectProc) {
         Tcl_Obj **argv;
-        /* argv = (Tcl_Obj **)ALLOC_N(Tcl_Obj *, 3); */ /* XXXXXXXXXX */
+#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        argv = (Tcl_Obj **)ALLOC_N(Tcl_Obj *, 3);
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
         argv = (Tcl_Obj **)ckalloc(sizeof(Tcl_Obj *) * 3);
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #endif
-        argv[0] = Tcl_NewStringObj("exit", 4);
+#endif
+	cmd_obj = Tcl_NewStringObj("exit", 4);
+	Tcl_IncrRefCount(cmd_obj);
+
+        argv[0] = cmd_obj;
         argv[1] = state_obj;
         argv[2] = (Tcl_Obj *)NULL;
 
         ptr->return_value 
             = (*(info->objProc))(info->objClientData, ptr->ip, 2, argv);
 
+	Tcl_DecrRefCount(cmd_obj);
+
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        free(argv);
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
 
     } else {
         /* string interface */
         char **argv;
-        /* argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3); */ /* XXXXXXXXXX */
+#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3); /* XXXXXXXXXX */
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
         argv = (char **)ckalloc(sizeof(char *) * 3);
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #endif
+#endif
         argv[0] = "exit";
         /* argv[1] = Tcl_GetString(state_obj); */
         argv[1] = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(state_obj, (int*)NULL);
@@ -1020,15 +1041,21 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
         ptr->return_value = (*(info->proc))(info->clientData, ptr->ip, 
                                             2, (CONST84 char **)argv);
 
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        free(argv);
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
     }
 
     Tcl_DecrRefCount(state_obj);
@@ -1037,11 +1064,15 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
     {
         /* string interface */
         char **argv;
-        /* argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3); */
+#define USE_RUBY_ALLOC 0
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        argv = (char **)ALLOC_N(char *, 3);
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
         argv = (char **)ckalloc(sizeof(char *) * 3);
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #endif
+#endif
         argv[0] = "exit";
         argv[1] = RSTRING_PTR(rb_fix2str(INT2NUM(state), 10));
         argv[2] = (char *)NULL;
@@ -1049,17 +1080,24 @@ call_original_exit(ptr, state)
         ptr->return_value = (*(info->proc))(info->clientData, ptr->ip, 
                                             2, argv);
 
+#if USE_RUBY_ALLOC
+        free(argv);
+#else /* not USE_RUBY_ALLOC */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree(argv);
 #endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#undef USE_RUBY_ALLOC
     }
 #endif
+    DUMP1("complete original_exit");
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 }
@@ -1106,10 +1144,14 @@ static int
 toggle_eventloop_window_mode_for_idle()
 {
   if (window_event_mode & TCL_IDLE_EVENTS) {
+    /* idle -> event */
+    window_event_mode |= TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS;
     window_event_mode &= ~TCL_IDLE_EVENTS;
     return 1;
   } else {
+    /* event -> idle */
     window_event_mode |= TCL_IDLE_EVENTS;
+    window_event_mode &= ~TCL_WINDOW_EVENTS;
     return 0;
   }
 }
@@ -1439,7 +1481,11 @@ static VALUE
 lib_num_of_mainwindows(self)
     VALUE self;
 {
+#ifdef RUBY_VM  /* Ruby 1.9+ !!! */
     return tk_funcall(lib_num_of_mainwindows_core, 0, (VALUE*)NULL, self);
+#else
+    return lib_num_of_mainwindows_core(self, 0, (VALUE*)NULL);
+#endif
 }
 
 
@@ -1785,10 +1831,10 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
 		      if (!st) {
 			if (toggle_eventloop_window_mode_for_idle()) {
 			  /* idle-mode -> event-mode*/
-			  tick_counter = 0;
+			  tick_counter = event_loop_max;
 			} else {
 			  /* event-mode -> idle-mode */
-			  tick_counter = event_loop_max;
+			  tick_counter = 0;
 			}
 		      }
 #endif
@@ -1798,6 +1844,14 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                     st = RTEST(rb_protect(call_DoOneEvent, 
                                           INT2FIX(event_flag), &status)); 
 #endif
+
+#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
+		    if (have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value) {
+		      have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 0;
+		      rb_thread_schedule();
+		    }
+#endif
+
                     if (status) {
                         switch (status) {
                         case TAG_RAISE:
@@ -1873,13 +1927,6 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                         return 0;
                     }
 
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-		    if (have_rb_thread_waited_for_value) {
-		      tick_counter += no_event_tick;
-		      have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 0;
-		    }
-#endif
-
                     if (st) {
                         tick_counter++;
                     } else {
@@ -1946,7 +1993,8 @@ lib_eventloop_core(check_root, update_flag, check_var, interp)
                 } else {
                     DUMP2("sleep eventloop %lx", current);
                     DUMP2("eventloop thread is %lx", eventloop_thread);
-                    rb_thread_stop();
+                    /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+                    rb_thread_sleep_forever();
                 }
 
                 if (!NIL_P(watchdog_thread) && eventloop_thread != current) {
@@ -2122,7 +2170,11 @@ lib_eventloop_ensure(args)
           break; 
         }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
         if (RTEST(rb_funcall(eventloop_thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
+#else
+	if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(eventloop_thread))) {
+#endif
             DUMP2("eventloop-enshure: wake up parent %lx", eventloop_thread);
             rb_thread_wakeup(eventloop_thread);
 
@@ -2440,7 +2492,11 @@ lib_thread_callback(argc, argv, self)
     foundEvent = RTEST(lib_eventloop_launcher(/* not check root-widget */0, 0, 
                                               q->done, (Tcl_Interp*)NULL));
 
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
     if (RTEST(rb_funcall(th, ID_alive_p, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(th))) {
+#endif
         rb_funcall(th, ID_kill, 0);
         ret = Qnil;
     } else {
@@ -2581,10 +2637,12 @@ ip_set_exc_message(interp, exc)
     if (NIL_P(enc)) {
         encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
     } else if (TYPE(enc) == T_STRING) {
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
     } else {
         enc = rb_funcall(enc, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
     }
 
     /* to avoid a garbled error message dialog */
@@ -2652,12 +2710,15 @@ tcl_protect_core(interp, proc, data) /* should not raise exception */
     int status = 0;
     int thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
 
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
     rb_thread_critical = Qfalse;
     ret = rb_protect(proc, data, &status);
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
     if (status) {
         char *buf;
-        VALUE old_gc, type, str;
+        VALUE old_gc;
+        volatile VALUE type, str;
 
         old_gc = rb_gc_disable();
 
@@ -3119,10 +3180,6 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
 #endif
     }
 
-    /* allocate */
-    arg = ALLOC(struct cmd_body_arg);
-    /* arg = (struct cmd_body_arg *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct cmd_body_arg)); */
-
     /* get arguments from Tcl objects */
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
@@ -3147,6 +3204,7 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
                          str, "'", (char *)NULL);
         rbtk_pending_exception = rb_exc_new2(rb_eArgError, 
                                              Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
+        if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
         return TCL_ERROR;
 #endif
     }
@@ -3187,6 +3245,10 @@ ip_ruby_cmd(clientData, interp, argc, argv)
     if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
+    /* allocate */
+    arg = ALLOC(struct cmd_body_arg);
+    /* arg = (struct cmd_body_arg *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct cmd_body_arg)); */
+
     arg->receiver = receiver;
     arg->method = method;
     arg->args = args;
@@ -3386,6 +3448,8 @@ ip_rbUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #endif
 #endif
 
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
     if (objc == 1) {
         flags = TCL_DONT_WAIT;
 
@@ -3554,6 +3618,8 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     DUMP1("start Ruby's 'thread_update' body");
 
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
     if (objc == 1) {
         flags = TCL_DONT_WAIT;
 
@@ -3613,7 +3679,8 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     while(!param->done) {
         DUMP1("wait for complete idle proc");
-        rb_thread_stop();
+        /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+        rb_thread_sleep_forever();
     }
 
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
@@ -3621,10 +3688,11 @@ ip_rb_threadUpdateCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+#else
     /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
     ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     DUMP1("finish Ruby's 'thread_update'");
     return TCL_OK;
@@ -3736,6 +3804,8 @@ ip_rbVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #endif
 #endif
 
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
     if (objc != 2) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "name");
@@ -3971,6 +4041,7 @@ ip_rbTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #endif
 
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc != 3) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
@@ -4327,7 +4398,7 @@ rb_threadVwaitProc(clientData, interp, name1, name2, flags)
     } else {
         param->done = 1;
     }
-    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 
     return (char *)NULL;
 }
@@ -4349,7 +4420,7 @@ rb_threadWaitVisibilityProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY;
     }
-    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 }
 
 static void rb_threadWaitWindowProc _((ClientData, XEvent *));
@@ -4363,7 +4434,7 @@ rb_threadWaitWindowProc(clientData, eventPtr)
     if (eventPtr->type == DestroyNotify) {
         param->done = TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY;
     }
-    rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
+    if (param->done != 0) rb_thread_wakeup(param->thread);
 }
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
@@ -4406,6 +4477,7 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     }
 
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
 
     if (objc != 2) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
@@ -4442,7 +4514,7 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     /* param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param)); */
     param = (struct th_vwait_param *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)param);
 #endif
     param->thread = current_thread;
@@ -4465,12 +4537,13 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
         Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+#else
         /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
         ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
         Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[1]);
@@ -4479,9 +4552,9 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
         return TCL_ERROR;
     }
 
-    /* if (!param->done) { */
     while(!param->done) {
-        rb_thread_stop();
+        /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+        rb_thread_sleep_forever();
     }
 
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4496,12 +4569,13 @@ ip_rb_threadVwaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+#else
     /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
     ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
@@ -4560,6 +4634,8 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
     Tcl_Preserve(interp);
     Tcl_Preserve(tkwin);
 
+    Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+
     if (objc != 3) {
 #ifdef Tcl_WrongNumArgs
         Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "variable|visibility|window name");
@@ -4644,7 +4720,7 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
     /* param = (struct th_vwait_param *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param)); */
     param = (struct th_vwait_param *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct th_vwait_param));
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)param);
 #endif
     param->thread = current_thread;
@@ -4673,12 +4749,13 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
             Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#endif
+#else
             /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
             ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4689,9 +4766,9 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
             return TCL_ERROR;
         }
 
-        /* if (!param->done) { */
         while(!param->done) {
-            rb_thread_stop();
+            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
         }
 
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4745,12 +4822,13 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#endif
+#else
             /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
             ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4767,15 +4845,10 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-        /* if (!param->done) { */
-        /*
-        while(!param->done) {
-            rb_thread_stop();
-        }
-        */
         while(param->done != TKWAIT_MODE_VISIBILITY) {
             if (param->done == TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY) break;
-            rb_thread_stop();
+            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
         }
 
         thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
@@ -4802,12 +4875,13 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#endif
+#else
             /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
             ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
             Tcl_DecrRefCount(objv[2]);
@@ -4866,12 +4940,13 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
 	    Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
             Tcl_Release(param);
-#endif
+#else
             /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
             ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
             Tcl_Release(tkwin);
             Tcl_Release(interp);
@@ -4885,14 +4960,9 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 
         rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-        /* if (!param->done) { */
-        /* 
-        while(!param->done) {
-            rb_thread_stop();
-        }
-        */
         while(param->done != TKWAIT_MODE_DESTROY) {
-            rb_thread_stop();
+            /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+            rb_thread_sleep_forever();
         }
 
         Tcl_Release(window);
@@ -4913,12 +4983,13 @@ ip_rb_threadTkWaitCommand(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)param, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)param);
-#endif
+#else
     /* Tcl_Free((char *)param); */
     ckfree((char *)param);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     /*
      * Clear out the interpreter's result, since it may have been set
@@ -4943,7 +5014,7 @@ ip_thread_vwait(self, var)
     argv[0] = cmd_str;
     argv[1] = var;
 
-    return ip_invoke_real(2, argv, self);
+    return ip_invoke_with_position(2, argv, self, TCL_QUEUE_TAIL);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -4959,7 +5030,7 @@ ip_thread_tkwait(self, mode, target)
     argv[1] = mode;
     argv[2] = target;
 
-    return ip_invoke_real(3, argv, self);
+    return ip_invoke_with_position(3, argv, self, TCL_QUEUE_TAIL);
 }
 
 
@@ -5149,14 +5220,18 @@ ip_finalize(ip)
 	Tcl_CreateCommand(ip, "ruby_cmd", ip_null_proc, 
 			  (ClientData)NULL, (Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *)NULL);
 #endif
+	/* 
+	  rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
+	  return;
+	*/
     }
 
     /* delete root widget */
-#if 0
+#if 1
     DUMP1("check `destroy'");
     if (Tcl_GetCommandInfo(ip, "destroy", &info)) {
-        DUMP1("call `destroy'");
-        Tcl_GlobalEval(ip, "destroy .");
+        DUMP1("call `destroy .'");
+        Tcl_GlobalEval(ip, "catch {destroy .}");
     }
 #endif
 #if 1
@@ -5174,10 +5249,14 @@ ip_finalize(ip)
          *  Although it is the problem, it is possibly avoidable by
          *  rescuing exceptions and the finalize hook of the interp.
          */
+        Tk_Window win = Tk_MainWindow(ip);
+
         DUMP1("call Tk_DestroyWindow");
         ruby_debug   = Qfalse;
         ruby_verbose = Qnil;
-        Tk_DestroyWindow(Tk_MainWindow(ip));
+	if (! (((Tk_FakeWin*)win)->flags & TK_ALREADY_DEAD)) {
+	  Tk_DestroyWindow(win);
+	}
         ruby_debug   = rb_debug_bup;
         ruby_verbose = rb_verbose_bup;
     }
@@ -5200,7 +5279,7 @@ ip_finalize(ip)
         DUMP1("cancel after callbacks");
         ruby_debug   = Qfalse;
         ruby_verbose = Qnil;
-        Tcl_GlobalEval(ip, "foreach id [after info] {after cancel $id}");
+        Tcl_GlobalEval(ip, "catch {foreach id [after info] {after cancel $id}}");
         ruby_debug   = rb_debug_bup;
         ruby_verbose = rb_verbose_bup;
     }
@@ -5242,8 +5321,8 @@ ip_free(ptr)
 
         if (ptr->ip == (Tcl_Interp*)NULL) {
             DUMP1("ip_free is called for deleted IP");
-            /* free(ptr); */
-            ckfree((char*)ptr);
+            free(ptr);
+            /* ckfree((char*)ptr); */
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
             return;
         }
@@ -5396,10 +5475,11 @@ ip_rbNamespaceObjCmd(clientData, interp, objc, objv)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* Tcl_Free((char*)argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
     }
 
     DUMP2("namespace wrapper exit depth == %d", rbtk_eventloop_depth);
@@ -6273,12 +6353,12 @@ call_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     struct call_queue *q = (struct call_queue *)evPtr;
     volatile VALUE ret;
     volatile VALUE q_dat;
+    volatile VALUE thread = q->thread;
     struct tcltkip *ptr;
 
     DUMP2("do_call_queue_handler : evPtr = %p", evPtr);
     DUMP2("call_queue_handler thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
-    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", q->thread);
-
+    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", thread);
 
     if (*(q->done)) {
         DUMP1("processed by another event-loop");
@@ -6287,6 +6367,17 @@ call_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         DUMP1("process it on current event-loop");
     }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0))
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread)) 
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP1("caller is not yet ready to receive the result -> pending");
+      return 0;
+    }
+
     /* process it */
     *(q->done) = 1;
 
@@ -6307,14 +6398,16 @@ call_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         ret = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(callq_safelevel_handler, q_dat), 
                          ID_call, 0);
         rb_gc_force_recycle(q_dat);
+	q_dat = (VALUE)NULL;
     } else {
-        DUMP2("call function (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+        DUMP2("call function (for caller thread:%lx)", thread);
         DUMP2("call function (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
         ret = (q->func)(q->interp, q->argc, q->argv);
     }
 
     /* set result */
     RARRAY_PTR(q->result)[0] = ret;
+    ret = (VALUE)NULL;
 
     /* decr internal handler mark */
     rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler--;
@@ -6322,22 +6415,32 @@ call_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     /* complete */
     *(q->done) = -1;
 
+    /* unlink ruby objects */
+    q->argv = (VALUE*)NULL;
+    q->interp = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->result = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->thread = (VALUE)NULL;
+
     /* back to caller */
-    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(q->thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
-      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-      have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 1;
-      rb_thread_wakeup(q->thread);
+#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
+      have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 1;
+      rb_thread_wakeup(thread);
 #else
-      rb_thread_run(q->thread);
+      rb_thread_run(thread);
 #endif
       DUMP1("finish back to caller");
 #if DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE
       rb_thread_schedule();
 #endif
     } else {
-      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
     }
 
@@ -6425,7 +6528,7 @@ tk_funcall(func, argc, argv, obj)
     /* allocate memory (freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
     /* callq = (struct call_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct call_queue)); */
     callq = (struct call_queue *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct call_queue));
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Preserve(callq);
 #endif
 
@@ -6447,17 +6550,24 @@ tk_funcall(func, argc, argv, obj)
     DUMP1("add handler");
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
     if (ptr && ptr->tk_thread_id) {
-      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, &(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, 
+			   &(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD); */
+      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, 
+			   (Tcl_Event*)callq, TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
       Tcl_ThreadAlert(ptr->tk_thread_id);
     } else if (tk_eventloop_thread_id) {
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, 
+			   &(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD); */
       Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, 
-			   &(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
+			   (Tcl_Event*)callq, TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
       Tcl_ThreadAlert(tk_eventloop_thread_id);
     } else {
-      Tcl_QueueEvent(&(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
+      /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD); */
+      Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)callq, TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
     }
 #else
-    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
+    /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(callq->ev), TCL_QUEUE_HEAD); */
+    Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)callq, TCL_QUEUE_HEAD);
 #endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -6466,7 +6576,8 @@ tk_funcall(func, argc, argv, obj)
     DUMP2("wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
     while(*alloc_done >= 0) {
       DUMP2("*** wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
-      rb_thread_stop();
+      /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+      rb_thread_sleep_forever();
       DUMP2("*** wakeup (current thread:%lx)", current);
     }
     DUMP2("back from handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
@@ -6478,28 +6589,35 @@ tk_funcall(func, argc, argv, obj)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)alloc_done); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(alloc_done); */
     ckfree((char*)alloc_done);
 #endif
+#endif
     /* if (argv) free(argv); */
     if (argv) {
       /* if argv != NULL, alloc as 'temp' */
+      int i;
+      for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) { argv[i] = (VALUE)NULL; }
+
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
       Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)argv, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
       Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
       ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
     }
 
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 0 /* callq is freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release(callq);
 #else
     ckfree((char*)callq);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     /* exception? */
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret, rb_eException)) {
@@ -6620,11 +6738,26 @@ ip_eval_real(self, cmd_str, cmd_len)
         return rbtk_pending_exception;
     }
 
-    if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
+    /* if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) { */
+    if (ptr->return_value != TCL_OK) {
         if (event_loop_abort_on_exc > 0 && !Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
             volatile VALUE exc;
-            exc = create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, 
-                                "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+
+	    switch (ptr->return_value) {
+	    case TCL_RETURN:
+	      exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackReturn, 
+				  "ip_eval_real receives TCL_RETURN");
+	    case TCL_BREAK:
+	      exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackBreak, 
+				  "ip_eval_real receives TCL_BREAK");
+	    case TCL_CONTINUE:
+	      exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackContinue, 
+				  "ip_eval_real receives TCL_CONTINUE");
+	    default:
+	      exc = create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", 
+				  Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+	    } 
+
             rbtk_release_ip(ptr);
             rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
             return exc;
@@ -6666,10 +6799,23 @@ ip_eval_real(self, cmd_str, cmd_len)
         return rbtk_pending_exception;
     }
 
-    if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
+    /* if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) { */
+    if (ptr->return_value != TCL_OK) {
         volatile VALUE exc;
 
-        exc = create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	switch (ptr->return_value) {
+	case TCL_RETURN:
+	  exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackReturn, 
+			      "ip_eval_real receives TCL_RETURN");
+	case TCL_BREAK:
+	  exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackBreak, 
+			      "ip_eval_real receives TCL_BREAK");
+	case TCL_CONTINUE:
+	  exc = create_ip_exc(self, eTkCallbackContinue, 
+			       "ip_eval_real receives TCL_CONTINUE");
+	default:
+	  exc = create_ip_exc(self, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", ptr->ip->result);
+	} 
 
         rbtk_release_ip(ptr);
         return exc;
@@ -6705,11 +6851,12 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     struct eval_queue *q = (struct eval_queue *)evPtr;
     volatile VALUE ret;
     volatile VALUE q_dat;
+    volatile VALUE thread = q->thread;
     struct tcltkip *ptr;
 
     DUMP2("do_eval_queue_handler : evPtr = %p", evPtr);
     DUMP2("eval_queue_thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
-    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", q->thread);
+    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", thread);
 
     if (*(q->done)) {
         DUMP1("processed by another event-loop");
@@ -6718,6 +6865,17 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         DUMP1("process it on current event-loop");
     }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0))
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread)) 
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP1("caller is not yet ready to receive the result -> pending");
+      return 0;
+    }
+
     /* process it */
     *(q->done) = 1;
 
@@ -6751,12 +6909,14 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         ret = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(evq_safelevel_handler, q_dat), 
                          ID_call, 0);
         rb_gc_force_recycle(q_dat);
+	q_dat = (VALUE)NULL;
     } else {
         ret = ip_eval_real(q->interp, q->str, q->len);
     }
 
     /* set result */
     RARRAY_PTR(q->result)[0] = ret;
+    ret = (VALUE)NULL;
 
     /* decr internal handler mark */
     rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler--;
@@ -6764,22 +6924,31 @@ eval_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     /* complete */
     *(q->done) = -1;
 
+    /* unlink ruby objects */
+    q->interp = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->result = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->thread = (VALUE)NULL;
+
     /* back to caller */
-    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(q->thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
-      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-      have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 1;
-      rb_thread_wakeup(q->thread);
+#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
+      have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 1;
+      rb_thread_wakeup(thread);
 #else
-      rb_thread_run(q->thread);
+      rb_thread_run(thread);
 #endif
       DUMP1("finish back to caller");
 #if DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE
       rb_thread_schedule();
 #endif
     } else {
-      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
     }
 
@@ -6838,7 +7007,7 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
     thr_crit_bup = rb_thread_critical;
     rb_thread_critical = Qtrue;
 
-    /* allocate memory (protected from Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
+    /* allocate memory (keep result) */
     /* alloc_done = (int*)ALLOC(int); */
     alloc_done = (int*)ckalloc(sizeof(int));
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
@@ -6857,7 +7026,7 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
     /* allocate memory (freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
     /* evq = (struct eval_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct eval_queue)); */
     evq = (struct eval_queue *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct eval_queue));
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Preserve(evq);
 #endif
 
@@ -6880,13 +7049,21 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
     DUMP1("add handler");
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
     if (ptr->tk_thread_id) {
-      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, &(evq->ev), position);
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, &(evq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, (Tcl_Event*)evq, position);
       Tcl_ThreadAlert(ptr->tk_thread_id);
+    } else if (tk_eventloop_thread_id) {
+      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, (Tcl_Event*)evq, position);
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, 
+			   &(evq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_ThreadAlert(tk_eventloop_thread_id);
     } else {
-      Tcl_QueueEvent(&(evq->ev), position);
+      /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(evq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)evq, position);
     }
 #else
-    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(evq->ev), position);
+    /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(evq->ev), position); */
+    Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)evq, position);
 #endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -6895,7 +7072,8 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
     DUMP2("wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
     while(*alloc_done >= 0) {
       DUMP2("*** wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
-      rb_thread_stop();
+      /* rb_thread_stop(); */
+      rb_thread_sleep_forever();
       DUMP2("*** wakeup (current thread:%lx)", current);
     }
     DUMP2("back from handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
@@ -6908,24 +7086,28 @@ ip_eval(self, str)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)alloc_done); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(alloc_done); */
     ckfree((char*)alloc_done);
 #endif
+#endif
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)eval_str, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)eval_str); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(eval_str); */
     ckfree(eval_str);
 #endif
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#endif
+#if 0 /* evq is freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release(evq);
 #else
     ckfree((char*)evq);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret, rb_eException)) {
         DUMP1("raise exception");
@@ -7100,11 +7282,18 @@ lib_toUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
                     if (NIL_P(enc)) {
                         encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
                     } else {
-                        StringValue(enc);
-                        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
-                        if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+                        /* StringValue(enc); */
+                        enc = rb_funcall(enc, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+                        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
+			if (!RSTRING_LEN(enc)) {
+			  encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+			} else {
+			  encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, 
+						     RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+			  if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
                             rb_warning("Tk-interp has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING_PTR(enc));
-                        }
+			  }
+			}
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -7117,7 +7306,9 @@ lib_toUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
                     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
                     return str;
                 }
-                encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+                /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
+                encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, 
+					   RSTRING_PTR(enc));
                 if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
                     rb_warning("string has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING_PTR(enc));
                 }
@@ -7135,7 +7326,8 @@ lib_toUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
 	  rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 	  return str;
 	}
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(encodename));
+        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(encodename)); */
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(encodename));
         if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
             /*
             rb_warning("unknown encoding name '%s'", 
@@ -7170,9 +7362,11 @@ lib_toUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
     rb_ivar_set(str, ID_at_enc, ENCODING_NAME_UTF8);
     if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
 
+    /*
     if (encoding != (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
         Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
     }
+    */
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
 
     free(buf);
@@ -7279,13 +7473,20 @@ lib_fromUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
             if (NIL_P(enc)) {
                 encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
             } else {
-                StringValue(enc);
-                encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc));
-                if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
+                /* StringValue(enc); */
+                enc = rb_funcall(enc, ID_to_s, 0, 0);
+                /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(enc)); */
+		if (!RSTRING_LEN(enc)) {
+		  encoding = (Tcl_Encoding)NULL;
+		} else {
+		  encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, 
+					     RSTRING_PTR(enc));
+		  if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
                     rb_warning("Tk-interp has unknown encoding information (@encoding:'%s')", RSTRING_PTR(enc));
-                } else {
-                  encodename = rb_obj_dup(enc);
-                }
+		  } else {
+		    encodename = rb_obj_dup(enc);
+		  }
+		}
             }
         }
 
@@ -7293,14 +7494,17 @@ lib_fromUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
         StringValue(encodename);
 
         if (strcmp(RSTRING_PTR(encodename), "binary") == 0) {
+	    Tcl_Obj *tclstr;
             char *s;
             int  len;
 
             StringValue(str);
-            s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING_PTR(str), 
-                                                         RSTRING_LEN(str)), 
-                                        &len);
+            tclstr = Tcl_NewStringObj(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str));
+	    Tcl_IncrRefCount(tclstr);
+            s = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(tclstr, &len);
             str = rb_tainted_str_new(s, len);
+	    s = (char*)NULL;
+	    Tcl_DecrRefCount(tclstr);
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
 	    rb_enc_associate_index(str, ENCODING_INDEX_BINARY);
 #endif
@@ -7310,7 +7514,8 @@ lib_fromUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
             return str;
         }
 
-        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(encodename));
+        /* encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding(interp, RSTRING_PTR(encodename)); */
+        encoding = Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(encodename));
         if (encoding == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
             /* 
             rb_warning("unknown encoding name '%s'", 
@@ -7359,9 +7564,11 @@ lib_fromUTF8_core(ip_obj, src, encodename)
 
     if (taint_flag) OBJ_TAINT(str);
 
+    /*
     if (encoding != (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
         Tcl_FreeEncoding(encoding);
     }
+    */
     Tcl_DStringFree(&dstr);
 
     free(buf);
@@ -7459,19 +7666,21 @@ lib_UTF_backslash_core(self, str, all_bs)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)src_buf); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(src_buf); */
     ckfree(src_buf);
 #endif
+#endif
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)dst_buf, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)dst_buf); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(dst_buf); */
     ckfree(dst_buf);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 #endif
@@ -7596,10 +7805,11 @@ invoke_tcl_proc(arg)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
         inf->ptr->return_value 
@@ -7829,10 +8039,11 @@ ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, argv)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
         ptr->return_value = (*info.proc)(info.clientData, ptr->ip, 
@@ -7850,11 +8061,12 @@ ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, argv)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)objv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(objv); */
         ckfree((char*)objv);
 #endif
-#else
+#endif
+#else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
         free(argv[0]);
         /* ckfree(argv[0]); */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
@@ -7862,11 +8074,12 @@ ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, argv)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
 	Tcl_Release((ClientData)argv); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
         /* free(argv); */
         ckfree((char*)argv);
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
     }
 
     /* exception on mainloop */
@@ -7876,11 +8089,24 @@ ip_invoke_core(interp, argc, argv)
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
 
-    if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) {
+    /* if (ptr->return_value == TCL_ERROR) { */
+    if (ptr->return_value != TCL_OK) {
         if (event_loop_abort_on_exc > 0 && !Tcl_InterpDeleted(ptr->ip)) {
+	    switch (ptr->return_value) {
+	    case TCL_RETURN:
+	      return create_ip_exc(interp, eTkCallbackReturn, 
+				   "ip_invoke_core receives TCL_RETURN");
+	    case TCL_BREAK:
+	      return create_ip_exc(interp, eTkCallbackBreak, 
+				   "ip_invoke_core receives TCL_BREAK");
+	    case TCL_CONTINUE:
+	      return create_ip_exc(interp, eTkCallbackContinue, 
+				   "ip_invoke_core receives TCL_CONTINUE");
+	    default:
+	      return create_ip_exc(interp, rb_eRuntimeError, "%s", 
+				   Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
+	    } 
 
-            return create_ip_exc(interp, rb_eRuntimeError, 
-                                 "%s", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
         } else {
             if (event_loop_abort_on_exc < 0) {
                 rb_warning("%s (ignore)", Tcl_GetStringResult(ptr->ip));
@@ -7963,8 +8189,10 @@ free_invoke_arguments(argc, av)
     for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
         Tcl_DecrRefCount(av[i]);
+	av[i] = (Tcl_Obj*)NULL;
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
         free(av[i]);
+	av[i] = (char*)NULL;
 #endif
     }
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION >= 8
@@ -7973,20 +8201,22 @@ free_invoke_arguments(argc, av)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)av); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     ckfree((char*)av);
 #endif
+#endif
 #else /* TCL_MAJOR_VERSION < 8 */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)av, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)av); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(av); */
     ckfree((char*)av);
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -8049,11 +8279,12 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     struct invoke_queue *q = (struct invoke_queue *)evPtr;
     volatile VALUE ret;
     volatile VALUE q_dat;
+    volatile VALUE thread = q->thread;
     struct tcltkip *ptr;
 
     DUMP2("do_invoke_queue_handler : evPtr = %p", evPtr);
     DUMP2("invoke queue_thread : %lx", rb_thread_current());
-    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", q->thread);
+    DUMP2("added by thread : %lx", thread);
 
     if (*(q->done)) {
         DUMP1("processed by another event-loop");
@@ -8062,6 +8293,17 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         DUMP1("process it on current event-loop");
     }
 
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0))
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread)) 
+	&& ! RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_stop_p, 0))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP1("caller is not yet ready to receive the result -> pending");
+      return 0;
+    }
+
     /* process it */
     *(q->done) = 1;
 
@@ -8082,14 +8324,16 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
         ret = rb_funcall(rb_proc_new(ivq_safelevel_handler, q_dat), 
                          ID_call, 0);
         rb_gc_force_recycle(q_dat);
+	q_dat = (VALUE)NULL;
     } else {
-        DUMP2("call invoke_real (for caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+        DUMP2("call invoke_real (for caller thread:%lx)", thread);
         DUMP2("call invoke_real (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
         ret = ip_invoke_core(q->interp, q->argc, q->argv);
     }
 
     /* set result */
     RARRAY_PTR(q->result)[0] = ret;
+    ret = (VALUE)NULL;
 
     /* decr internal handler mark */
     rbtk_internal_eventloop_handler--;
@@ -8097,22 +8341,31 @@ invoke_queue_handler(evPtr, flags)
     /* complete */
     *(q->done) = -1;
 
+    /* unlink ruby objects */
+    q->interp = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->result = (VALUE)NULL;
+    q->thread = (VALUE)NULL;
+
     /* back to caller */
-    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(q->thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
-      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+#ifdef RUBY_VM
+    if (RTEST(rb_funcall(thread, ID_alive_p, 0, 0))) {
+#else
+    if (RTEST(rb_thread_alive_p(thread))) {
+#endif
+      DUMP2("back to caller (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
-#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAIT_FOR_VALUE
-      have_rb_thread_waited_for_value = 1;
-      rb_thread_wakeup(q->thread);
+#if CONTROL_BY_STATUS_OF_RB_THREAD_WAITING_FOR_VALUE
+      have_rb_thread_waiting_for_value = 1;
+      rb_thread_wakeup(thread);
 #else
-      rb_thread_run(q->thread);
+      rb_thread_run(thread);
 #endif
       DUMP1("finish back to caller");
 #if DO_THREAD_SCHEDULE_AT_CALLBACK_DONE
       rb_thread_schedule();
 #endif
     } else {
-      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", q->thread);
+      DUMP2("caller is dead (caller thread:%lx)", thread);
       DUMP2("               (current thread:%lx)", rb_thread_current());
     }
 
@@ -8150,9 +8403,11 @@ ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
 
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
     ptr = get_ip(ip_obj);
-    DUMP2("status: ptr->tk_thread_id %d", ptr->tk_thread_id);
+    DUMP2("status: ptr->tk_thread_id %p", ptr->tk_thread_id);
+    DUMP2("status: Tcl_GetCurrentThread %p", Tcl_GetCurrentThread());
+#else
+    DUMP2("status: Tcl_GetCurrentThread %lx", Tcl_GetCurrentThread());
 #endif
-    DUMP2("status: Tcl_GetCurrentThread %d", Tcl_GetCurrentThread());
     DUMP2("status: eventloopt_thread %lx", eventloop_thread);
 
     if (
@@ -8193,7 +8448,7 @@ ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
     /* allocate memory (freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent) */
     /* ivq = (struct invoke_queue *)Tcl_Alloc(sizeof(struct invoke_queue)); */
     ivq = (struct invoke_queue *)ckalloc(sizeof(struct invoke_queue));
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Preserve((ClientData)ivq); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #endif
 
@@ -8214,13 +8469,22 @@ ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
     DUMP1("add handler");
 #ifdef RUBY_VM
     if (ptr->tk_thread_id) {
-      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, &(ivq->ev), position);
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, &(ivq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(ptr->tk_thread_id, (Tcl_Event*)ivq, position);
       Tcl_ThreadAlert(ptr->tk_thread_id);
+    } else if (tk_eventloop_thread_id) {
+      /* Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, 
+			   &(ivq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_ThreadQueueEvent(tk_eventloop_thread_id, 
+			   (Tcl_Event*)ivq, position);
+      Tcl_ThreadAlert(tk_eventloop_thread_id);
     } else {
-      Tcl_QueueEvent(&(ivq->ev), position);
+      /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(ivq->ev), position); */
+      Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)ivq, position);
     }
 #else
-    Tcl_QueueEvent(&(ivq->ev), position);
+    /* Tcl_QueueEvent(&(ivq->ev), position); */
+    Tcl_QueueEvent((Tcl_Event*)ivq, position);
 #endif
 
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -8228,7 +8492,8 @@ ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
     /* wait for the handler to be processed */
     DUMP2("wait for handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
     while(*alloc_done >= 0) {
-        rb_thread_stop();
+	/* rb_thread_stop(); */
+	rb_thread_sleep_forever();
     }
     DUMP2("back from handler (current thread:%lx)", current);
 
@@ -8239,20 +8504,23 @@ ip_invoke_with_position(argc, argv, obj, position)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)alloc_done); /* XXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(alloc_done); */
     ckfree((char*)alloc_done);
 #endif
+#endif
 
+#if 0 /* ivq is freed by Tcl_ServiceEvent */
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_EventuallyFree */
     Tcl_EventuallyFree((ClientData)ivq, TCL_DYNAMIC); /* XXXXXXXX */
 #else
-#if 1 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
+#if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release(ivq);
 #else
     ckfree((char*)ivq);
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
 
     /* free allocated memory */
     free_invoke_arguments(argc, av);
@@ -8938,10 +9206,11 @@ lib_merge_tklist(argc, argv, obj)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)flagPtr);
-#endif
+#else
     /* free(flagPtr); */
     ckfree((char*)flagPtr);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     /* create object */
     str = rb_str_new(result, dst - result - 1);
@@ -8951,10 +9220,11 @@ lib_merge_tklist(argc, argv, obj)
 #else
 #if 0 /* use Tcl_Preserve/Release */
     Tcl_Release((ClientData)result); /* XXXXXXXXXXX */
-#endif
+#else
     /* Tcl_Free(result); */
     ckfree(result);
 #endif
+#endif
 
     if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
     rb_thread_critical = thr_crit_bup;
@@ -9106,7 +9376,7 @@ create_dummy_encoding_for_tk_core(interp, name, error_mode)
   StringValue(name);
 
 #if TCL_MAJOR_VERSION > 8 || (TCL_MAJOR_VERSION == 8 && TCL_MINOR_VERSION >= 1)
-  if (Tcl_GetEncoding(ptr->ip, RSTRING_PTR(name)) == (Tcl_Encoding) NULL) {
+  if (Tcl_GetEncoding((Tcl_Interp*)NULL, RSTRING_PTR(name)) == (Tcl_Encoding)NULL) {
     if (RTEST(error_mode)) {
       rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid Tk encoding name '%s'", 
 	       RSTRING_PTR(name));
@@ -9704,6 +9974,7 @@ ip_make_menu_embeddable_core(interp, argc, argv)
        char *s = "normal";
        /* Tcl_SetStringObj((menuRefPtr->menuPtr)->menuTypePtr, s, strlen(s));*/
        (menuRefPtr->menuPtr)->menuTypePtr = Tcl_NewStringObj(s, strlen(s));
+       /* Tcl_IncrRefCount((menuRefPtr->menuPtr)->menuTypePtr); */
        /* (menuRefPtr->menuPtr)->menuType = TEAROFF_MENU; */
        (menuRefPtr->menuPtr)->menuType = MASTER_MENU;
     }
@@ -10048,6 +10319,9 @@ Init_tcltklib()
 
     /* --------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
+    /* Tcl stub check */
+    tcl_stubs_check();
+
     Tcl_ObjType_ByteArray = Tcl_GetObjType(Tcl_ObjTypeName_ByteArray);
     Tcl_ObjType_String    = Tcl_GetObjType(Tcl_ObjTypeName_String);
 
diff --git a/ext/tk/tkutil/extconf.rb b/ext/tk/tkutil/extconf.rb
index 51f775619c..015bc3a45e 100644
--- a/ext/tk/tkutil/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/tk/tkutil/extconf.rb
@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ end
 if has_tk
   require 'mkmf'
   have_func("rb_obj_instance_exec", "ruby.h")
+  have_func("strndup", "string.h")
   create_makefile('tkutil')
 end
diff --git a/ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c b/ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c
index 1781dd5e4a..00d719143b 100644
--- a/ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c
+++ b/ext/tk/tkutil/tkutil.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 ************************************************/
 
-#define TKUTIL_RELEASE_DATE "2008-03-29"
+#define TKUTIL_RELEASE_DATE "2008-05-23"
 
 #include "ruby.h"
 
@@ -1073,11 +1073,13 @@ tcl2rb_num_or_str(self, value)
 
 /*************************************/
 
+#define CBSUBST_TBL_MAX (256)
 struct cbsubst_info {
-    int   size;
-    char  *key;
-    char  *type;
-    ID    *ivar;
+    int   full_subst_length;
+    int   keylen[CBSUBST_TBL_MAX];
+    unsigned char  *key[CBSUBST_TBL_MAX];
+    unsigned char  type[CBSUBST_TBL_MAX];
+    ID    ivar[CBSUBST_TBL_MAX];
     VALUE proc;
     VALUE aliases;
 };
@@ -1094,42 +1096,52 @@ static void
 subst_free(ptr)
     struct cbsubst_info *ptr;
 {
+    int i;
+
     if (ptr) {
-        if (ptr->key != (char*)NULL) free(ptr->key);
-        if (ptr->type != (char*)NULL) free(ptr->type);
-        if (ptr->ivar != (ID*)NULL) free(ptr->ivar);
-        free(ptr);
+      for(i = 0; i < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; i++) {
+	if (ptr->key[i] != (unsigned char *)NULL) {
+	  free(ptr->key[i]);
+	  ptr->key[i] = (unsigned char *)NULL;
+	}
+      }
+      free(ptr);
     }
 }
 
-static void
-cbsubst_init()
+static struct cbsubst_info *
+allocate_cbsubst_info()
 {
-    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
-    ID *ivar;
-    volatile VALUE proc, aliases;
-
-    inf = ALLOC(struct cbsubst_info);
+  struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+  volatile VALUE proc, aliases;
+  int idx;
 
-    inf->size = 0;
+  inf = ALLOC(struct cbsubst_info);
 
-    inf->key = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
-    inf->key[0] = '\0';
+  inf->full_subst_length = 0;
 
-    inf->type = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
-    inf->type[0] = '\0';
+  for(idx = 0; idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; idx++) {
+    inf->keylen[idx] = 0;
+    inf->key[idx]    = (unsigned char *) NULL;
+    inf->type[idx]   = '\0';
+    inf->ivar[idx]   = (ID) 0;
+  }
 
-    ivar = ALLOC_N(ID, 1);
-    inf->ivar = ivar;
+  proc = rb_hash_new();
+  inf->proc = proc;
 
-    proc = rb_hash_new();
-    inf->proc = proc;
+  aliases = rb_hash_new();
+  inf->aliases = aliases;
 
-    aliases = rb_hash_new();
-    inf->aliases = aliases;
+  return inf;
+}
 
+static void
+cbsubst_init()
+{
     rb_const_set(cCB_SUBST, ID_SUBST_INFO, 
-                 Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, subst_free, inf));
+		 Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, subst_free, 
+				  allocate_cbsubst_info()));
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1139,24 +1151,29 @@ cbsubst_initialize(argc, argv, self)
     VALUE self;
 {
     struct cbsubst_info *inf;
-    int idx;
+    int idx, iv_idx;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(rb_obj_class(self), ID_SUBST_INFO), 
                     struct cbsubst_info, inf);
 
-    for(idx = 0; idx < argc; idx++) {
-        rb_ivar_set(self, inf->ivar[idx], argv[idx]);
+   idx = 0;
+    for(iv_idx = 0; iv_idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; iv_idx++) {
+      if ( inf->ivar[iv_idx] == (ID) 0 ) continue;
+      rb_ivar_set(self, inf->ivar[iv_idx], argv[idx++]);
+      if (idx >= argc) break;
     }
 
     return self;
 }
 
-
 static VALUE
 cbsubst_ret_val(self, val)
     VALUE self;
     VALUE val;
 {
+    /* This method may be overwritten on some sub-classes.                  */
+    /* This method is used for converting from ruby's callback-return-value */
+    /* to tcl's value (e.g. validation procedure of entry widget).          */
     return val;
 }
 
@@ -1217,6 +1234,59 @@ cbsubst_def_attr_aliases(self, tbl)
 }
 
 static VALUE
+cbsubst_sym_to_subst(self, sym)
+    VALUE self;
+    VALUE sym;
+{
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
+    const char *str;
+    unsigned char *buf, *ptr;
+    int idx, len;
+    ID id;
+    volatile VALUE ret;
+
+    if (TYPE(sym) != T_SYMBOL) return sym;
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
+                    struct cbsubst_info, inf);
+
+    if (!NIL_P(ret = rb_hash_aref(inf->aliases, sym))) {
+      str = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(ret));
+    } else {
+      str = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(sym));
+    }
+
+    id = rb_intern(RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), str)));
+
+    for(idx = 0; idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; idx++) {
+      if (inf->ivar[idx] == id) break;
+    }
+    if (idx >= CBSUBST_TBL_MAX)  return sym;
+
+    ptr = buf = ALLOC_N(char, inf->full_subst_length + 1);
+
+    *(ptr++) = '%';
+
+    if (len = inf->keylen[idx]) {
+      /* longname */
+      strncpy(ptr, inf->key[idx], len);
+      ptr += len;
+    } else {
+      /* single char */
+      *(ptr++) = idx;
+    }
+
+    *(ptr++) = ' ';
+    *(ptr++) = '\0';
+
+    ret = rb_str_new2(buf);
+
+    free(buf);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static VALUE
 cbsubst_get_subst_arg(argc, argv, self)
     int   argc;
     VALUE *argv;
@@ -1224,17 +1294,15 @@ cbsubst_get_subst_arg(argc, argv, self)
 {
     struct cbsubst_info *inf;
     const char *str;
-    char *buf, *ptr;
-    int i, j, len;
+    unsigned char *buf, *ptr;
+    int i, idx, len;
     ID id;
     volatile VALUE arg_sym, ret;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
                     struct cbsubst_info, inf);
 
-    buf = ALLOC_N(char, 3*argc + 1);
-    ptr = buf;
-    len = strlen(inf->key);
+    ptr = buf = ALLOC_N(char, inf->full_subst_length + 1);
 
     for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         switch(TYPE(argv[i])) {
@@ -1256,17 +1324,25 @@ cbsubst_get_subst_arg(argc, argv, self)
 
         id = rb_intern(RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), str)));
 
-        for(j = 0; j < len; j++) {
-            if (inf->ivar[j] == id) break;
-        }
-
-        if (j >= len) {
+	for(idx = 0; idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; idx++) {
+	  if (inf->ivar[idx] == id) break;
+	}
+        if (idx >= CBSUBST_TBL_MAX) {
             rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "cannot find attribute :%s", str);
         }
 
-        *(ptr++) = '%';
-        *(ptr++) = *(inf->key + j);
-        *(ptr++) = ' ';
+	*(ptr++) = '%';
+
+	if (len = inf->keylen[idx]) {
+	  /* longname */
+	  strncpy(ptr, inf->key[idx], len);
+	  ptr += len;
+	} else {
+	  /* single char */
+	  *(ptr++) = idx;
+	}
+
+	*(ptr++) = ' ';
     }
 
     *ptr = '\0';
@@ -1283,27 +1359,50 @@ cbsubst_get_subst_key(self, str)
     VALUE self;
     VALUE str;
 {
+    struct cbsubst_info *inf;
     volatile VALUE list;
     volatile VALUE ret;
-    int i, len;
-    char *buf, *ptr;
+    VALUE keyval;
+    int i, len, keylen, idx;
+    unsigned char *buf, *ptr, *key;
 
     list = rb_funcall(cTclTkLib, ID_split_tklist, 1, str);
-
     len = RARRAY_LEN(list);
-    buf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
+
+    Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
+                    struct cbsubst_info, inf);
+
+    ptr = buf = ALLOC_N(unsigned char, inf->full_subst_length + len + 1);
 
     for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        ptr = RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(list)[i]);
-        if (*ptr == '%' && *(ptr + 2) == '\0') {
-            *(buf + i) = *(ptr + 1);
-        } else {
-            *(buf + i) = ' ';
-        }
+      keyval = RARRAY_PTR(list)[i];
+      key = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(keyval);
+      if (*key == '%') {
+	if (*(key + 2) == '\0') {
+	  /* single char */
+	  *(ptr++) = *(key + 1);
+	} else {
+	  /* search longname-key */
+	  keylen = RSTRING_LEN(keyval) - 1;
+	  for(idx = 0; idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; idx++) {
+	    if (inf->keylen[idx] != keylen) continue;
+	    if (inf->key[idx][0] != *(key + 1)) continue;
+	    if (strncmp(inf->key[idx], key + 1, keylen)) continue;
+	    break;
+	  }
+	  if (idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX) {
+	    *(ptr++) = (unsigned char)idx;
+	  } else {
+	    *(ptr++) = ' ';
+	  }
+	}
+      } else {
+	*(ptr++) = ' ';
+      }
     }
-    *(buf + len) = '\0';
+    *ptr = '\0';
 
-    ret = rb_str_new2(buf);
+    ret = rb_str_new2((const char*)buf);
     free(buf);
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1313,100 +1412,166 @@ cbsubst_get_all_subst_keys(self)
     VALUE self;
 {
     struct cbsubst_info *inf;
-    char *buf, *ptr;
-    int i, len;
+    unsigned char *buf, *ptr;
+    unsigned char *keys_buf, *keys_ptr;
+    int idx, len;
     volatile VALUE ret;
 
     Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
                     struct cbsubst_info, inf);
 
-    len = strlen(inf->key);
-    buf = ALLOC_N(char, 3*len + 1);
-    ptr = buf;
-    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        *(ptr++) = '%';
-        *(ptr++) = *(inf->key + i);
-        *(ptr++) = ' ';
+    ptr = buf = ALLOC_N(unsigned char, inf->full_subst_length + 1);
+    keys_ptr = keys_buf = ALLOC_N(unsigned char, CBSUBST_TBL_MAX + 1);
+
+    for(idx = 0; idx < CBSUBST_TBL_MAX; idx++) {
+      if (inf->ivar[idx] == (ID) 0) continue;
+
+      *(keys_ptr++) = (unsigned char)idx;
+
+      *(ptr++) = '%';
+
+      if (len = inf->keylen[idx]) {
+	/* longname */
+	strncpy(ptr, inf->key[idx], len);
+	ptr += len;
+      } else {
+	/* single char */
+	*(ptr++) = (unsigned char)idx;
+      }
+
+      *(ptr++) = ' ';
     }
-    *(buf + 3*len) = '\0';
 
-    ret = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_str_new2(inf->key), rb_str_new2(buf));
+    *ptr = '\0';
+    *keys_ptr = '\0';
+
+    ret = rb_ary_new3(2, rb_str_new2(keys_buf), rb_str_new2((const char*)buf));
 
     free(buf);
+    free(keys_buf);
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 static VALUE
-cbsubst_table_setup(self, key_inf, proc_inf)
-    VALUE self;
-    VALUE key_inf;
-    VALUE proc_inf;
+cbsubst_table_setup(argc, argv, self)
+     int   argc;
+     VALUE *argv;
+     VALUE self;
 {
-    struct cbsubst_info *subst_inf;
-    int idx;
-    int len = RARRAY_LEN(key_inf);
-    int real_len = 0;
-    char *key = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
-    char *type = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
-    ID *ivar = ALLOC_N(ID, len + 1);
-    volatile VALUE proc = rb_hash_new();
-    volatile VALUE aliases = rb_hash_new();
-    volatile VALUE inf;
-
-    /* init */
-    subst_inf = ALLOC(struct cbsubst_info);
-    /* subst_inf->size = len; */
-    subst_inf->key  = key;
-    subst_inf->type = type;
-    subst_inf->ivar = ivar;
-    subst_inf->proc = proc;
-    subst_inf->aliases = aliases;
-
-    /*
-     * keys : array of [subst, type, ivar]
-     *         subst ==> char code 
-     *         type  ==> char code 
-     *         ivar  ==> symbol
-     */
-    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
-        inf = RARRAY_PTR(key_inf)[idx];
-        if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
-        *(key  + real_len) = NUM2CHR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]);
-        *(type + real_len) = NUM2CHR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]);
-
-        *(ivar + real_len) 
-            = rb_intern(
-                RSTRING_PTR(
-                  rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), 
-                              rb_id2name(SYM2ID(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[2])))
-                )
-              );
-
-        rb_attr(self, SYM2ID(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[2]), 1, 0, Qtrue);
-        real_len++;
+  volatile VALUE key_inf;
+  volatile VALUE longkey_inf;
+  volatile VALUE proc_inf;
+  VALUE inf;
+  ID id;
+  struct cbsubst_info *subst_inf;
+  int idx, len;
+  unsigned char chr;
+
+  /* accept (key_inf, proc_inf) or (key_inf, longkey_inf, procinf) */
+  if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &key_inf, &longkey_inf, &proc_inf) == 2) {
+    proc_inf = longkey_inf;
+    longkey_inf = rb_ary_new();
+  }
+
+  /* check the number of longkeys */
+  if (RARRAY_LEN(longkey_inf) > 125 /* from 0x80 to 0xFD */) {
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many longname-key definitions");
+  }
+
+  /* init */
+  subst_inf = allocate_cbsubst_info();
+
+  /*
+   * keys : array of [subst, type, ivar]
+   *         subst ==> char code or string
+   *         type  ==> char code or string
+   *         ivar  ==> symbol
+   */
+  len = RARRAY_LEN(key_inf);
+  for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+    inf = RARRAY_PTR(key_inf)[idx];
+    if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
+
+    if (TYPE(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]) == T_STRING) {
+      chr = *(RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]));
+    } else {
+      chr = NUM2CHR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]);
     }
-    *(key + real_len) = '\0';
-    *(type + real_len) = '\0';
-    subst_inf->size = real_len;
-
-    /*
-     * procs : array of [type, proc]
-     *         type  ==> char code 
-     *         proc  ==> proc/method/obj (must respond to 'call')
-     */
-    len = RARRAY_LEN(proc_inf);
-    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
-        inf = RARRAY_PTR(proc_inf)[idx];
-        if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
-        rb_hash_aset(proc, RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0], RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]);
+    if (TYPE(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]) == T_STRING) {
+      subst_inf->type[chr] = *(RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]));
+    } else {
+      subst_inf->type[chr] = NUM2CHR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]);
     }
 
-    rb_const_set(self, ID_SUBST_INFO, 
-                 Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, 
-                                  subst_free, subst_inf));
+    subst_inf->full_subst_length += 3;
 
-    return self;
+    id = SYM2ID(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[2]);
+    subst_inf->ivar[chr] = rb_intern(RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), rb_id2name(id))));
+
+    rb_attr(self, id, 1, 0, Qtrue);
+  }
+
+
+  /*
+   * longkeys : array of [name, type, ivar]
+   *         name ==> longname key string
+   *         type ==> char code or string
+   *         ivar ==> symbol
+   */
+  len = RARRAY_LEN(longkey_inf);
+  for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+    inf = RARRAY_PTR(longkey_inf)[idx];
+    if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
+
+    chr = (unsigned char)(0x80 + idx);
+    subst_inf->keylen[chr] = RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]);
+#if HAVE_STRNDUP
+    subst_inf->key[chr] = strndup(RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]), 
+				  RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]));
+#else
+    subst_inf->key[chr] = malloc(RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]) + 1);
+    if (subst_inf->key[chr]) {
+      strncpy(subst_inf->key[chr], RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]),
+	      RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]) + 1);
+      subst_inf->key[chr][RSTRING_LEN(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0])] = '\0';
+    }
+#endif
+    if (TYPE(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]) == T_STRING) {
+      subst_inf->type[chr] = *(RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]));
+    } else {
+      subst_inf->type[chr] = NUM2CHR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]);
+    }
+
+    subst_inf->full_subst_length += (subst_inf->keylen[chr] + 2);
+
+    id = SYM2ID(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[2]);
+    subst_inf->ivar[chr] = rb_intern(RSTRING_PTR(rb_str_cat2(rb_str_new2("@"), rb_id2name(id))));
+
+    rb_attr(self, id, 1, 0, Qtrue);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * procs : array of [type, proc]
+   *         type  ==> char code or string
+   *         proc  ==> proc/method/obj (must respond to 'call')
+   */
+  len = RARRAY_LEN(proc_inf);
+  for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
+    inf = RARRAY_PTR(proc_inf)[idx];
+    if (TYPE(inf) != T_ARRAY) continue;
+    rb_hash_aset(subst_inf->proc, 
+		 ((TYPE(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]) == T_STRING)? 
+		  INT2FIX(*(RSTRING_PTR(RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]))) : 
+		  RARRAY_PTR(inf)[0]), 
+		 RARRAY_PTR(inf)[1]);
+  }
+
+  rb_const_set(self, ID_SUBST_INFO, 
+	       Data_Wrap_Struct(cSUBST_INFO, subst_mark, 
+				subst_free, subst_inf));
+
+  return self;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -1424,10 +1589,11 @@ cbsubst_scan_args(self, arg_key, val_ary)
 {
     struct cbsubst_info *inf;
     int idx;
-    int len = RARRAY_LEN(val_ary);
-    char c;
-    char *ptr;
-    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(len);
+    unsigned char *keyptr = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(arg_key);
+    int keylen = RSTRING_LEN(arg_key);
+    int vallen = RARRAY_LEN(val_ary);
+    unsigned char type_chr;
+    volatile VALUE dst = rb_ary_new2(vallen);
     volatile VALUE proc;
     int thr_crit_bup;
     VALUE old_gc;
@@ -1440,26 +1606,25 @@ cbsubst_scan_args(self, arg_key, val_ary)
     Data_Get_Struct(rb_const_get(self, ID_SUBST_INFO), 
                     struct cbsubst_info, inf);
 
-    for(idx = 0; idx < len; idx++) {
-        if (idx >= RSTRING_LEN(arg_key)) {
-            proc = Qnil;
-        } else if (*(RSTRING_PTR(arg_key) + idx) == ' ') {
-            proc = Qnil;
-        } else {
-          ptr = strchr(inf->key, *(RSTRING_PTR(arg_key) + idx));
-          if (ptr == (char*)NULL) {
-            proc = Qnil;
-          } else {
-            c = *(inf->type + (ptr - inf->key));
-            proc = rb_hash_aref(inf->proc, INT2FIX(c));
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (NIL_P(proc)) {
-            rb_ary_push(dst, RARRAY_PTR(val_ary)[idx]);
-        } else {
-            rb_ary_push(dst, rb_funcall(proc, ID_call, 1, RARRAY_PTR(val_ary)[idx]));
-        }
+    for(idx = 0; idx < vallen; idx++) {
+      if (idx >= keylen) {
+	proc = Qnil;
+      } else if (*(keyptr + idx) == ' ') {
+	proc = Qnil;
+      } else {
+	if (type_chr = inf->type[*(keyptr + idx)]) {
+	  proc = rb_hash_aref(inf->proc, INT2FIX((int)type_chr));
+	} else {
+	  proc = Qnil;
+	}
+      }
+
+      if (NIL_P(proc)) {
+	rb_ary_push(dst, RARRAY_PTR(val_ary)[idx]);
+      } else {
+	rb_ary_push(dst, rb_funcall(proc, ID_call, 1, 
+				    RARRAY_PTR(val_ary)[idx]));
+      }
     }
 
     if (old_gc == Qfalse) rb_gc_enable();
@@ -1543,6 +1708,8 @@ Init_tkutil()
     ID_SUBST_INFO = rb_intern("SUBST_INFO");
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "ret_val", cbsubst_ret_val, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "scan_args", cbsubst_scan_args, 2);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_sym2subst", 
+			       cbsubst_sym_to_subst, 1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "subst_arg", 
                                cbsubst_get_subst_arg, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_get_subst_key", 
@@ -1550,7 +1717,7 @@ Init_tkutil()
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_get_all_subst_keys", 
                                cbsubst_get_all_subst_keys,  0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_setup_subst_table", 
-                               cbsubst_table_setup, 2);
+                               cbsubst_table_setup, -1);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_get_extra_args_tbl", 
                                cbsubst_get_extra_args_tbl,  0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(cCB_SUBST, "_define_attribute_aliases",