merge revisions 61753:61750 61747:61740 61737:61728

Revert all the VM generator rewrites; requested by naruse


git-svn-id: svn+ssh://ci.ruby-lang.org/ruby/trunk@61755 b2dd03c8-39d4-4d8f-98ff-823fe69b080e

56 files changed, 2209 insertions, 1987 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index 48dd90d32c..25075f5900 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ INSNS	= opt_sc.inc optinsn.inc optunifs.inc insns.inc insns_info.inc \
 
 $(INSNS): $(srcdir)/insns.def vm_opts.h \
 	  $(srcdir)/defs/opt_operand.def $(srcdir)/defs/opt_insn_unif.def \
-	  $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb
+	  $(srcdir)/tool/instruction.rb $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb
 	$(ECHO) generating $@
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -Ku $(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb $(INSNS2VMOPT) $@
 
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index a064467991..9312949d8e 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -872,6 +872,22 @@ $(OBJS):  {$(VPATH)}config.h {$(VPATH)}missing.h
 
 INSNS2VMOPT = --srcdir="$(srcdir)"
 
+{$(VPATH)}minsns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/minsns.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}opt_sc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}optinsn.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}optunifs.inc: $(srcdir)/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}insns.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}insns_info.inc: $(srcdir)/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}vmtc.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl
+
+{$(VPATH)}vm.inc: $(srcdir)/template/vm.inc.tmpl
+
 srcs_vpath = {$(VPATH)}
 common-srcs: $(srcs_vpath)parse.c $(srcs_vpath)lex.c $(srcs_vpath)enc/trans/newline.c $(srcs_vpath)id.c \
 	     srcs-lib srcs-ext incs
diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 87a1bd8f6a..1e1d85ab3e 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "encindex.h"
 #include <math.h>
 
+#define USE_INSN_STACK_INCREASE 1
 #include "vm_core.h"
 #include "vm_debug.h"
 #include "iseq.h"
@@ -7372,16 +7373,16 @@ dump_disasm_list_with_cursor(const LINK_ELEMENT *link, const LINK_ELEMENT *curr,
 const char *
 rb_insns_name(int i)
 {
-    return insn_name(i);
+    return insn_name_info[i];
 }
 
 VALUE
 rb_insns_name_array(void)
 {
-    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new_capa(VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE);
+    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
     int i;
     for (i = 0; i < VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE; i++) {
-	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring_cstr(insn_name(i)));
+	rb_ary_push(ary, rb_fstring_cstr(insn_name_info[i]));
     }
     return rb_obj_freeze(ary);
 }
diff --git a/insns.def b/insns.def
index 60f94cfd24..f9375b7c0a 100644
--- a/insns.def
+++ b/insns.def
@@ -1,52 +1,36 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8 -*-
+/** ##skip -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8 -*-
   insns.def - YARV instruction definitions
 
   $Author: $
   created at: 04/01/01 01:17:55 JST
 
   Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Koichi Sasada
-  Massive rewrite by @shyouhei in 2017.
- */
-
-/* Some comments about this file's contents:
-
-   - The new format aims to be editable by C editor of your choice;
-     your mileage might vary of course.
-
-   - Each instructions are in following format:
-
-     DEFINE_INSN
-     instruction_name
-     (type operand, type operand, ..)
-     (pop_values, ..)
-     (return values ..)
-     #pragma attr type name contents..
-     {
+*/
+
+/** ##skip
+  instruction comment
+  @c: category
+  @e: english description
+  @j: japanese description
+
+  instruction form:
+    DEFINE_INSN
+    instruction_name
+    (instruction_operands, ..)
+    (pop_values, ..)
+    (return value)
+    {
        .. // insn body
-     }
-
-   - Unlike the old format which was line-oriented, you can now place
-     newlines and comments at liberal positions.
-
-   - `DEFINE_INSN` is a keyword.
-
-   - An instruction name must be a valid C identifier.
-
-   - Operands, pop values, return values are series of either variable
-     declarations, keyword `void`, or keyword `...`.  They are much
-     like C function declarations.
+    }
 
-   - Attribute pragmas are optional, and can include arbitrary C
-     expressions.  You can write anything there but as of writing,
-     attribute named sp_inc is supported.
+ */
 
-   - Attributes can access operands, but not stack (push/pop) variables.
 
-   - An instruction's body is a pure C block, copied verbatimly into
-     the generated C source code.
+/**
+  @c nop
+  @e nop
+  @j nop
  */
-
-/* nop */
 DEFINE_INSN
 nop
 ()
@@ -60,8 +44,12 @@ nop
 /* deal with variables                                    */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* Get local variable (pointed by `idx' and `level').
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get local variable (pointed by `idx' and `level').
      'level' indicates the nesting depth from the current block.
+  @j level, idx で指定されたローカル変数の値をスタックに置く。
+     level はブロックのネストレベルで、何段上かを示す。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getlocal
@@ -74,8 +62,12 @@ getlocal
     (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(lvar_get_dynamic, level > 0);
 }
 
-/* Set a local variable (pointed to by 'idx') as val.
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Set a local variable (pointed to by 'idx') as val.
      'level' indicates the nesting depth from the current block.
+  @j level, idx で指定されたローカル変数の値を val にする。
+     level はブロックのネストレベルで、何段上かを示す。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setlocal
@@ -88,7 +80,11 @@ setlocal
     (void)RB_DEBUG_COUNTER_INC_IF(lvar_set_dynamic, level > 0);
 }
 
-/* Get a block parameter. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get a block parameter.
+  @j ブロックパラメータを取得する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getblockparam
 (lindex_t idx, rb_num_t level)
@@ -110,7 +106,11 @@ getblockparam
     }
 }
 
-/* Set block parameter. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Set block parameter.
+  @j ブロックパラメータを設定する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setblockparam
 (lindex_t idx, rb_num_t level)
@@ -127,8 +127,11 @@ setblockparam
     VM_ENV_FLAGS_SET(ep, VM_FRAME_FLAG_MODIFIED_BLOCK_PARAM);
 }
 
-/* Get special proxy object which only responds to `call` method if the block parameter
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get special proxy object which only responds to `call` method if the block parameter
      represents a iseq/ifunc block. Otherwise, same as `getblockparam`.
+  @j ブロックパラメータが iseq/ifunc ブロックであれば、特殊なプロキシオブジェクトを取得する。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getblockparamproxy
@@ -172,7 +175,11 @@ getblockparamproxy
     }
 }
 
-/* Get value of special local variable ($~, $_, ..). */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get value of special local variable ($~, $_, ..).
+  @j 特殊なローカル変数（$~, $_, ...）の値を得る。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getspecial
 (rb_num_t key, rb_num_t type)
@@ -182,7 +189,11 @@ getspecial
     val = vm_getspecial(ec, GET_LEP(), key, type);
 }
 
-/* Set value of special local variable ($~, $_, ...) to obj. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Set value of special local variable ($~, $_, ...) to obj.
+  @j 特別なローカル変数（$~, $_, ...）の値を設定する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setspecial
 (rb_num_t key)
@@ -192,7 +203,11 @@ setspecial
     lep_svar_set(ec, GET_LEP(), key, obj);
 }
 
-/* Get value of instance variable id of self. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get value of instance variable id of self.
+  @j self のインスタンス変数 id の値を得る。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getinstancevariable
 (ID id, IC ic)
@@ -202,7 +217,11 @@ getinstancevariable
     val = vm_getinstancevariable(GET_SELF(), id, ic);
 }
 
-/* Set value of instance variable id of self to val. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Set value of instance variable id of self to val.
+  @j self のインスタンス変数 id を val にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setinstancevariable
 (ID id, IC ic)
@@ -212,7 +231,11 @@ setinstancevariable
     vm_setinstancevariable(GET_SELF(), id, val, ic);
 }
 
-/* Get value of class variable id of klass as val. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Get value of class variable id of klass as val.
+  @j 現在のスコープのクラス変数 id の値を得る。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getclassvariable
 (ID id)
@@ -222,7 +245,11 @@ getclassvariable
     val = rb_cvar_get(vm_get_cvar_base(rb_vm_get_cref(GET_EP()), GET_CFP()), id);
 }
 
-/* Set value of class variable id of klass as val. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e Set value of class variable id of klass as val.
+  @j klass のクラス変数 id を val にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setclassvariable
 (ID id)
@@ -233,10 +260,17 @@ setclassvariable
     rb_cvar_set(vm_get_cvar_base(rb_vm_get_cref(GET_EP()), GET_CFP()), id, val);
 }
 
-/* Get constant variable id. If klass is Qnil, constants
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e
+   Get constant variable id. If klass is Qnil, constants
    are searched in the current scope. If klass is Qfalse, constants
    are searched as top level constants. Otherwise, get constant under klass
    class or module.
+  @j 定数 id の値を得る。
+   klass が Qnil なら、そのスコープで得られる定数の値を得る。
+   Qfalse なら、トップレベルスコープを得る。
+   それ以外なら、klass クラスの下の定数を得る。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getconstant
@@ -247,10 +281,18 @@ getconstant
     val = vm_get_ev_const(ec, klass, id, 0);
 }
 
-/* Set constant variable id. If klass is Qfalse, constant
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e
+   Set constant variable id. If klass is Qfalse, constant
    is able to access in this scope. if klass is Qnil, set
    top level constant. otherwise, set constant under klass
    class or module.
+
+  @j 定数 id の値を val にする。
+   klass が Qfalse なら、そのスコープで得られる定数 id の値を設定する。
+   Qnil なら、トップレベルスコープの値を設定する。
+   それ以外なら、klass クラスの下の定数を設定する。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setconstant
@@ -263,7 +305,11 @@ setconstant
     rb_const_set(cbase, id, val);
 }
 
-/* get global variable id. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e get global variable id.
+  @j グローバル変数 id の値を得る。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getglobal
 (GENTRY entry)
@@ -273,7 +319,11 @@ getglobal
     val = GET_GLOBAL((VALUE)entry);
 }
 
-/* set global variable id as val. */
+/**
+  @c variable
+  @e set global variable id as val.
+  @j グローバル変数 id の値を設定する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setglobal
 (GENTRY entry)
@@ -283,11 +333,16 @@ setglobal
     SET_GLOBAL((VALUE)entry, val);
 }
 
+
 /**********************************************************/
 /* deal with values                                       */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* put nil to stack. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put nil to stack.
+  @j スタックに nil をプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 putnil
 ()
@@ -297,7 +352,11 @@ putnil
     val = Qnil;
 }
 
-/* put self. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put self.
+  @j スタックに self をプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 putself
 ()
@@ -307,7 +366,11 @@ putself
     val = GET_SELF();
 }
 
-/* put some object.
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put some object.
+     i.e. Fixnum, true, false, nil, and so on.
+  @j オブジェクト val をスタックにプッシュする。
      i.e. Fixnum, true, false, nil, and so on.
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
@@ -319,7 +382,12 @@ putobject
     /* */
 }
 
-/* put special object.  "value_type" is for expansion. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put special object.  "value_type" is for expansion.
+  @j 特別なオブジェクト val をスタックにプッシュする。
+     オブジェクトの種類は value_type による．
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 putspecialobject
 (rb_num_t value_type)
@@ -332,7 +400,11 @@ putspecialobject
     val = vm_get_special_object(GET_EP(), type);
 }
 
-/* put iseq value. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put iseq value.
+  @j iseq をスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 putiseq
 (ISEQ iseq)
@@ -342,7 +414,11 @@ putiseq
     ret = (VALUE)iseq;
 }
 
-/* put string val. string will be copied. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put string val. string will be copied.
+  @j 文字列をコピーしてスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 putstring
 (VALUE str)
@@ -352,19 +428,26 @@ putstring
     val = rb_str_resurrect(str);
 }
 
-/* put concatenate strings */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put concatenate strings
+  @j スタックトップの文字列を n 個連結し，結果をスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 concatstrings
 (rb_num_t num)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - num;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - num;
 {
     val = rb_str_concat_literals(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
     POPN(num);
 }
 
-/* push the result of to_s. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e push the result of to_s.
+  @j to_s の結果をスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 tostring
 ()
@@ -375,7 +458,11 @@ tostring
     val = rb_obj_as_string_result(str, val);
 }
 
-/* Freeze (dynamically) created strings. if debug_info is given, set it. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e Freeze (dynamically) created strings. if debug_info is given, set it.
+  @j （埋め込み）文字列を freeze する。もし、debug_info が与えられていれば、それを設定する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 freezestring
 (VALUE debug_info)
@@ -385,15 +472,18 @@ freezestring
     vm_freezestring(str, debug_info);
 }
 
-/* compile str to Regexp and push it.
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e compile str to Regexp and push it.
      opt is the option for the Regexp.
+  @j 文字列 str を正規表現にコンパイルしてスタックにプッシュする。
+     コンパイル時，opt を正規表現のオプションとする。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 toregexp
 (rb_num_t opt, rb_num_t cnt)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - cnt;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - cnt;
 {
     VALUE rb_reg_new_ary(VALUE ary, int options);
     VALUE rb_ary_tmp_new_from_values(VALUE, long, const VALUE *);
@@ -403,7 +493,11 @@ toregexp
     rb_ary_clear(ary);
 }
 
-/* intern str to Symbol and push it. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e intern str to Symbol and push it.
+  @j 文字列 str をシンボルに変換してスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 intern
 ()
@@ -413,19 +507,26 @@ intern
     sym = rb_str_intern(str);
 }
 
-/* put new array initialized with num values on the stack. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put new array initialized with num values on the stack.
+  @j 新しい配列をスタック上の num 個の値で初期化して生成しプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 newarray
 (rb_num_t num)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - num;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - num;
 {
     val = rb_ary_new4(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
     POPN(num);
 }
 
-/* dup array */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e dup array
+  @j 配列 ary を dup してスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 duparray
 (VALUE ary)
@@ -435,7 +536,9 @@ duparray
     val = rb_ary_resurrect(ary);
 }
 
-/* if TOS is an array expand, expand it to num objects.
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e if TOS is an array expand, expand it to num objects.
      if the number of the array is less than num, push nils to fill.
      if it is greater than num, exceeding elements are dropped.
      unless TOS is an array, push num - 1 nils.
@@ -443,18 +546,29 @@ duparray
      flag: 0x01 - rest args array
      flag: 0x02 - for postarg
      flag: 0x04 - reverse?
+  @j スタックトップのオブジェクトが配列であれば、それを展開する。
+     配列オブジェクトの要素数が num以下ならば、代わりに nil を積む。num以上なら、
+     num以上の要素は切り捨てる。
+     配列オブジェクトでなければ、num - 1 個の nil を積む。
+     もし flag が真なら、残り要素の配列を積む
+     flag: 0x01 - 最後を配列に
+     flag: 0x02 - postarg 用
+     flag: 0x04 - reverse?
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 expandarray
 (rb_num_t num, rb_num_t flag)
 (..., VALUE ary)
-(...)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = num - 1 + (flag & 1 ? 1 : 0);
+(...) // inc += num - 1 + (flag & 1 ? 1 : 0);
 {
     vm_expandarray(GET_CFP(), ary, num, (int)flag);
 }
 
-/* concat two arrays */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e concat two arrays
+  @j 二つの配列 ary1, ary2 を連結しスタックへプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 concatarray
 ()
@@ -464,7 +578,11 @@ concatarray
     ary = vm_concat_array(ary1, ary2);
 }
 
-/* call to_a on array ary to splat */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e call to_a on array ary to splat
+  @j splat のために配列 ary に対して to_a を呼び出す。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 splatarray
 (VALUE flag)
@@ -474,13 +592,17 @@ splatarray
     obj = vm_splat_array(flag, ary);
 }
 
-/* put new Hash from n elements. n must be an even number. */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put new Hash from n elements. n must be an even number.
+  @j 新しいハッシュをスタックトップの n 個を初期値として生成する。
+     n はキーと値のペアなので 2 の倍数でなければならない。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 newhash
 (rb_num_t num)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - num;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - num;
 {
     RUBY_DTRACE_CREATE_HOOK(HASH, num);
 
@@ -492,7 +614,11 @@ newhash
     POPN(num);
 }
 
-/* put new Range object.(Range.new(low, high, flag)) */
+/**
+  @c put
+  @e put new Range object.(Range.new(low, high, flag))
+  @j Range.new(low, high, flag) のようなオブジェクトを生成しスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 newrange
 (rb_num_t flag)
@@ -506,7 +632,11 @@ newrange
 /* deal with stack operation                              */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* pop from stack. */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e pop from stack.
+  @j スタックから一つポップする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 pop
 ()
@@ -517,7 +647,11 @@ pop
     /* none */
 }
 
-/* duplicate stack top. */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e duplicate stack top.
+  @j スタックトップをコピーしてスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 dup
 ()
@@ -527,13 +661,16 @@ dup
     val1 = val2 = val;
 }
 
-/* duplicate stack top n elements */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e duplicate stack top n elements
+  @j スタックトップの n 個をコピーしてスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 dupn
 (rb_num_t n)
 (...)
-(...)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = n;
+(...) // inc += n;
 {
     void *dst = GET_SP();
     void *src = STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(n);
@@ -542,7 +679,12 @@ dupn
     MEMCPY(dst, src, VALUE, n);
 }
 
-/* swap top 2 vals */
+
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e swap top 2 vals
+  @j スタックトップの 2 つの値を交換する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 swap
 ()
@@ -552,13 +694,16 @@ swap
     /* none */
 }
 
-/* reverse stack top N order. */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e reverse stack top N order.
+  @j スタックトップの n 個の値を逆転する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 reverse
 (rb_num_t n)
 (...)
-(...)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 0;
+(...) // inc += 0;
 {
     rb_num_t i;
     VALUE *sp = STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(n);
@@ -571,55 +716,72 @@ reverse
     }
 }
 
-/* for stack caching. */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e for stack caching.
+  @j スタックキャッシングの状態を調整するために必要な命令。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 reput
 ()
 (..., VALUE val)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 0;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 0;
 {
     /* none */
 }
 
-/* get nth stack value from stack top */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e get nth stack value from stack top
+  @j スタックトップから n 個目をスタックにプッシュする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 topn
 (rb_num_t n)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1;
 {
     val = TOPN(n);
 }
 
-/* set Nth stack entry to stack top */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e set Nth stack entry to stack top
+  @j スタックトップの値を n 個目のスタックにコピー
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setn
 (rb_num_t n)
 (..., VALUE val)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 0;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 0
 {
     TOPN(n-1) = val;
 }
 
-/* empty current stack */
+/**
+  @c stack
+  @e empty current stack
+  @j current stack を空にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 adjuststack
 (rb_num_t n)
 (...)
-(...)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = -n;
+(...) // inc -= n
 {
     DEC_SP(n);
 }
 
+
 /**********************************************************/
 /* deal with setting                                      */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* defined? */
+/**
+  @c setting
+  @e defined?
+  @j defined? を行う。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 defined
 (rb_num_t op_type, VALUE obj, VALUE needstr)
@@ -629,12 +791,15 @@ defined
     val = vm_defined(ec, GET_CFP(), op_type, obj, needstr, v);
 }
 
-/* check `target' matches `pattern'.
+/**
+  @c setting
+  @e check `target' matches `pattern'.
      `flag & VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_MASK' describe how to check pattern.
       VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_WHEN: ignore target and check pattern is truthy.
       VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_CASE: check `patten === target'.
       VM_CHECKMATCH_TYPE_RESCUE: check `pattern.kind_op?(Module) && pattern == target'.
      if `flag & VM_CHECKMATCH_ARRAY' is not 0, then `patten' is array of patterns.
+  @j see above comments.
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 checkmatch
@@ -645,7 +810,11 @@ checkmatch
     result = vm_check_match(ec, target, pattern, flag);
 }
 
-/* check keywords are specified or not. */
+/**
+  @c setting
+  @e check keywords are specified or not.
+  @j キーワードが指定されているかどうかチェックする
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 checkkeyword
 (lindex_t kw_bits_index, lindex_t keyword_index)
@@ -655,7 +824,11 @@ checkkeyword
     ret = vm_check_keyword(kw_bits_index, keyword_index, GET_EP());
 }
 
-/* fire a coverage event (currently, this is used for line coverage and branch coverage) */
+/**
+  @c setting
+  @e fire a coverage event (currently, this is used for line coverage and branch coverage)
+  @j カバレッジイベントを trace する
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 tracecoverage
 (rb_num_t nf, VALUE data)
@@ -672,8 +845,14 @@ tracecoverage
 /* deal with control flow 1: class/module                 */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* enter class definition scope. if super is Qfalse, and class
+/**
+  @c class/module
+  @e
+   enter class definition scope. if super is Qfalse, and class
    "klass" is defined, it's redefine. otherwise, define "klass" class.
+  @j クラス定義スコープへ移行する。
+   もし super が Qfalse で klassクラスが定義されていれば再定義である。
+   そうでなければ、klass クラスを定義する。
  */
 DEFINE_INSN
 defineclass
@@ -696,17 +875,21 @@ defineclass
     NEXT_INSN();
 }
 
+
 /**********************************************************/
 /* deal with control flow 2: method/iterator              */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* invoke method. */
+/**
+  @c method/iterator
+  @e invoke method.
+  @j メソッド呼び出しを行う。ci に必要な情報が格納されている。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 send
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, ISEQ blockiseq)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = - (int)(ci->orig_argc + ((ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) ? 1 : 0));
+(VALUE val) // inc += - (int)(ci->orig_argc + ((ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) ? 1 : 0));
 {
     struct rb_calling_info calling;
 
@@ -747,8 +930,7 @@ DEFINE_INSN
 opt_newarray_max
 (rb_num_t num)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - num;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - num;
 {
     val = vm_opt_newarray_max(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
     POPN(num);
@@ -758,20 +940,22 @@ DEFINE_INSN
 opt_newarray_min
 (rb_num_t num)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - num;
+(VALUE val) // inc += 1 - num;
 {
     val = vm_opt_newarray_min(num, STACK_ADDR_FROM_TOP(num));
     POPN(num);
 }
 
-/* Invoke method without block */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e Invoke method without block
+  @j ブロックなしでメソッド呼び出しを行う。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_send_without_block
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = -ci->orig_argc;
+(VALUE val) // inc += -ci->orig_argc;
 {
     struct rb_calling_info calling;
     calling.block_handler = VM_BLOCK_HANDLER_NONE;
@@ -779,13 +963,16 @@ opt_send_without_block
     CALL_METHOD(&calling, ci, cc);
 }
 
-/* super(args) # args.size => num */
+/**
+  @c method/iterator
+  @e super(args) # args.size => num
+  @j super を実行する。ci に必要な情報が格納されている。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 invokesuper
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, ISEQ blockiseq)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = - (int)(ci->orig_argc + ((ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) ? 1 : 0));
+(VALUE val) // inc += - (int)(ci->orig_argc + ((ci->flag & VM_CALL_ARGS_BLOCKARG) ? 1 : 0));
 {
     struct rb_calling_info calling;
     calling.argc = ci->orig_argc;
@@ -796,13 +983,16 @@ invokesuper
     CALL_METHOD(&calling, ci, cc);
 }
 
-/* yield(args) */
+/**
+  @c method/iterator
+  @e yield(args)
+  @j yield を実行する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 invokeblock
 (CALL_INFO ci)
 (...)
-(VALUE val)
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = 1 - ci->orig_argc;
+(VALUE val)  // inc += 1 - ci->orig_argc;
 {
     struct rb_calling_info calling;
     VALUE block_handler;
@@ -823,7 +1013,11 @@ invokeblock
     }
 }
 
-/* return from this scope. */
+/**
+  @c method/iterator
+  @e return from this scope.
+  @j このスコープから抜ける。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 leave
 ()
@@ -856,7 +1050,11 @@ leave
 /* deal with control flow 3: exception                    */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* longjump */
+/**
+  @c exception
+  @e longjump
+  @j 大域ジャンプを行う。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 throw
 (rb_num_t throw_state)
@@ -873,7 +1071,11 @@ throw
 /* deal with control flow 4: local jump                   */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* set PC to (PC + dst). */
+/**
+  @c jump
+  @e set PC to (PC + dst).
+  @j PC を (PC + dst) にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 jump
 (OFFSET dst)
@@ -884,7 +1086,11 @@ jump
     JUMP(dst);
 }
 
-/* if val is not false or nil, set PC to (PC + dst). */
+/**
+  @c jump
+  @e if val is not false or nil, set PC to (PC + dst).
+  @j もし val が false か nil でなければ、PC を (PC + dst) にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 branchif
 (OFFSET dst)
@@ -897,7 +1103,11 @@ branchif
     }
 }
 
-/* if val is false or nil, set PC to (PC + dst). */
+/**
+  @c jump
+  @e if val is false or nil, set PC to (PC + dst).
+  @j もし val が false か nil ならば、PC を (PC + dst) にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 branchunless
 (OFFSET dst)
@@ -910,7 +1120,11 @@ branchunless
     }
 }
 
-/* if val is nil, set PC to (PC + dst). */
+/**
+  @c jump
+  @e if val is nil, set PC to (PC + dst).
+  @j もし val が nil ならば、PC を (PC + dst) にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 branchnil
 (OFFSET dst)
@@ -923,7 +1137,11 @@ branchnil
     }
 }
 
-/* if val is type, set PC to (PC + dst). */
+/**
+  @c jump
+  @e if val is type, set PC to (PC + dst).
+  @j もし val が type ならば、PC を (PC + dst) にする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 branchiftype
 (rb_num_t type, OFFSET dst)
@@ -936,11 +1154,16 @@ branchiftype
     }
 }
 
+
 /**********************************************************/
 /* for optimize                                           */
 /**********************************************************/
 
-/* push inline-cached value and go to dst if it is valid */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e push inline-cached value and go to dst if it is valid
+  @j インラインキャッシュが有効なら、値をスタックにプッシュして dst へジャンプする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 getinlinecache
 (OFFSET dst, IC ic)
@@ -953,7 +1176,11 @@ getinlinecache
     }
 }
 
-/* set inline cache */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e set inline cache
+  @j インラインキャッシュの値を設定する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 setinlinecache
 (IC ic)
@@ -963,7 +1190,11 @@ setinlinecache
     vm_ic_update(ic, val, GET_EP());
 }
 
-/* run iseq only once */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e run iseq only once
+  @j once を実現する。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 once
 (ISEQ iseq, IC ic)
@@ -973,13 +1204,16 @@ once
     val = vm_once_dispatch(ec, iseq, ic);
 }
 
-/* case dispatcher, jump by table if possible */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e case dispatcher, jump by table if possible
+  @j case 文で、可能なら表引きでジャンプする。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_case_dispatch
 (CDHASH hash, OFFSET else_offset)
 (..., VALUE key)
-()
-// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = -1;
+() // inc += -1;
 {
     OFFSET dst = vm_case_dispatch(hash, else_offset, key);
 
@@ -990,7 +1224,11 @@ opt_case_dispatch
 
 /** simple functions */
 
-/* optimized X+Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X+Y.
+  @j 最適化された X+Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_plus
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1007,7 +1245,11 @@ opt_plus
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X-Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X-Y.
+  @j 最適化された X-Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_minus
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1024,7 +1266,11 @@ opt_minus
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X*Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X*Y.
+  @j 最適化された X*Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_mult
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1041,7 +1287,11 @@ opt_mult
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X/Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X/Y.
+  @j 最適化された X/Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_div
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1058,7 +1308,11 @@ opt_div
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X%Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X%Y.
+  @j 最適化された X%Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_mod
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1075,7 +1329,11 @@ opt_mod
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X==Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X==Y.
+  @j 最適化された X==Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_eq
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1092,7 +1350,11 @@ opt_eq
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X!=Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X!=Y.
+  @j 最適化された X!=Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_neq
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, CALL_INFO ci_eq, CALL_CACHE cc_eq)
@@ -1109,7 +1371,11 @@ opt_neq
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X<Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X<Y.
+  @j 最適化された X<Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_lt
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1126,7 +1392,11 @@ opt_lt
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X<=Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X<=Y.
+  @j 最適化された X<=Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_le
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1143,7 +1413,11 @@ opt_le
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X>Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X>Y.
+  @j 最適化された X>Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_gt
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1160,7 +1434,11 @@ opt_gt
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized X>=Y. */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized X>=Y.
+  @j 最適化された X>=Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_ge
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1177,7 +1455,11 @@ opt_ge
     }
 }
 
-/* << */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e <<
+  @j 最適化された X<<Y。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_ltlt
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1194,7 +1476,11 @@ opt_ltlt
     }
 }
 
-/* [] */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e []
+  @j 最適化された recv[obj]。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_aref
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1211,7 +1497,11 @@ opt_aref
     }
 }
 
-/* recv[obj] = set */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e recv[obj] = set
+  @j 最適化された recv[obj] = set。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_aset
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1229,7 +1519,11 @@ opt_aset
     }
 }
 
-/* recv[str] = set */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e recv[str] = set
+  @j 最適化された recv[str] = set。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_aset_with
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, VALUE key)
@@ -1250,7 +1544,11 @@ opt_aset_with
     }
 }
 
-/* recv[str] */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e recv[str]
+  @j 最適化された recv[str]。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_aref_with
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc, VALUE key)
@@ -1267,7 +1565,11 @@ opt_aref_with
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized length */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized length
+  @j 最適化された recv.length()。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_length
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1283,7 +1585,11 @@ opt_length
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized size */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized size
+  @j 最適化された recv.size()。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_size
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1299,7 +1605,11 @@ opt_size
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized empty? */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized empty?
+  @j 最適化された recv.empty?()。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_empty_p
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1315,7 +1625,11 @@ opt_empty_p
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized succ */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized succ
+  @j 最適化された recv.succ()。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_succ
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1331,7 +1645,11 @@ opt_succ
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized not */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized not
+  @j 最適化された recv.!()。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_not
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1347,7 +1665,12 @@ opt_not
     }
 }
 
-/* optimized regexp match */
+
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized regexp match
+  @j 最適化された正規表現マッチ。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_regexpmatch1
 (VALUE recv)
@@ -1357,7 +1680,11 @@ opt_regexpmatch1
     val = vm_opt_regexpmatch1(recv, obj);
 }
 
-/* optimized regexp match 2 */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e optimized regexp match 2
+  @j 最適化された正規表現マッチ 2
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_regexpmatch2
 (CALL_INFO ci, CALL_CACHE cc)
@@ -1374,7 +1701,11 @@ opt_regexpmatch2
     }
 }
 
-/* call native compiled method */
+/**
+  @c optimize
+  @e call native compiled method
+  @j ネイティブコンパイルしたメソッドを起動。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 opt_call_c_function
 (rb_insn_func_t funcptr)
@@ -1393,7 +1724,11 @@ opt_call_c_function
     NEXT_INSN();
 }
 
-/* BLT */
+/**
+  @c joke
+  @e BLT
+  @j BLT
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 bitblt
 ()
@@ -1403,7 +1738,11 @@ bitblt
     ret = rb_str_new2("a bit of bacon, lettuce and tomato");
 }
 
-/* The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything */
+/**
+  @c joke
+  @e The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything
+  @j 人生、宇宙、すべての答え。
+ */
 DEFINE_INSN
 answer
 ()
@@ -1412,3 +1751,4 @@ answer
 {
     ret = INT2FIX(42);
 }
+
diff --git a/template/insns.inc.tmpl b/template/insns.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..112732dce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/insns.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/** -*-c-*-
+  This file contains YARV instructions list.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/insns.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+
+/* BIN : Basic Instruction Name */
+#define BIN(n) YARVINSN_##n
+
+enum ruby_vminsn_type {
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+    BIN(<%=insn.name%>),
+% end
+    VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE
+};
+
+#define ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(array) \
+    STATIC_ASSERT(numberof_##array, numberof(array) == VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE)
diff --git a/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl b/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..546368d984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/insns_info.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/** -*-c-*-
+  This file contains instruction information for yarv instruction sequence.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/insns_info.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+% TYPE_CHARS.each do |t, c|
+#define <%=t%> '<%=c%>'
+% end
+
+extern const struct rb_vm_insn_name_info rb_vm_insn_name_info_base;
+extern const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_name_info_offset[];
+extern const char rb_vm_insn_operand_info[][8];
+extern const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_stack_push_num_info[];
+#define insn_name_info (const char *)&rb_vm_insn_name_info_base+rb_vm_insn_name_info_offset
+#define insn_operand_info rb_vm_insn_operand_info
+#define rb_vm_insn_stack_push_num_info insn_stack_push_num_info
+
+#ifdef RUBY_VM_INSNS_INFO
+const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_name_info_offset[] = {
+% insn_name_length = @insns.inject(0) do |ofs, insn|
+    <%= ofs %>,
+%   ofs + insn.name.size + 1
+% end
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(rb_vm_insn_name_info_offset);
+
+% n = 100
+const struct rb_vm_insn_name_info {
+% @insns.each_with_index do |insn, i|
+%   if (i % n) == 0
+    struct {
+%   end
+	char L<%=i%n%>[<%= insn.name.size+1 %>];
+%   if (i % n) == n - 1 or i == @insns.size - 1
+    } S<%=i / n%>;
+%   end
+% end
+} rb_vm_insn_name_info_base = {
+% @insns.each_with_index do |insn, i|
+%   if (i % n) == 0
+    {
+%   end
+	"<%= insn.name %>",
+%   if (i % n) == n - 1 or i == @insns.size - 1
+    },
+%   end
+% end
+};
+
+const char rb_vm_insn_operand_info[][8] = {
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+    "\<%= (insn.opes.size+1).to_s(8) %>""<%
+    insn.opes.each {|type, _|
+      %><%=TYPE_CHARS.fetch(op2typesig(type))%><%
+    }%>",
+% end
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(rb_vm_insn_operand_info);
+
+#ifdef USE_INSN_RET_NUM
+const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_stack_push_num_info[] = {
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+    <%= insn.rets.size %>,
+% end
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(rb_vm_insn_stack_push_num_info);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_INSN_STACK_INCREASE
+static int
+insn_stack_increase(int depth, int insn, VALUE *opes)
+{
+    switch (insn) {
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+      case BIN(<%= insn.name %>): {
+	<%= insn.sp_increase_c_expr %>
+      }
+% end
+      default:
+	rb_bug("insn_sp_increase: unreachable");
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* some utilities */
+
+static int
+insn_len(VALUE insn)
+{
+    return (unsigned char)insn_operand_info[(int)insn][0];
+}
+
+static const char *
+insn_name(VALUE insn)
+{
+    return insn_name_info[(int)insn];
+}
+
+static const char *
+insn_op_types(VALUE insn)
+{
+    return insn_operand_info[(int)insn]+1;
+}
+
+static int
+insn_op_type(VALUE insn, long pos)
+{
+    int len = insn_len(insn) - 1;
+    if (pos < len) {
+	return insn_operand_info[(int)insn][pos+1];
+    }
+    else{
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_INSN_RET_NUM
+static int
+insn_ret_num(VALUE insn)
+{
+    return insn_stack_push_num_info[(int)insn];
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/template/minsns.inc.tmpl b/template/minsns.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f32b28cb7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/minsns.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/** -*-c-*-
+  This file contains YARV instructions list, to define YARVCore::Instructions.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/minsns.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+% @insns.each_with_index do |insn, i|
+    rb_define_const(mYarvInsns, "I<%=insn.name%>", INT2FIX(<%=i%>));
+% end
diff --git a/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl b/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c85f96c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/* -*-c-*- *********************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/**
+  This file is for threaded code.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/opt_sc.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+#define SC_STATE_SIZE 6
+
+#define SCS_XX 1
+#define SCS_AX 2
+#define SCS_BX 3
+#define SCS_AB 4
+#define SCS_BA 5
+
+#define SC_ERROR 0xffffffff
+
+static const VALUE sc_insn_info[][SC_STATE_SIZE] = {
+<%= sc_insn_info %>
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(sc_insn_info);
+
+static const VALUE sc_insn_next[] = {
+<%= sc_insn_next %>
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(sc_insn_next);
diff --git a/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl b/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1fba6dea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/optinsn.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/* -*-c-*- *********************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/**
+  This file is for threaded code.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/optinsn.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+static INSN *
+insn_operands_unification(INSN *insnobj)
+{
+#ifdef OPT_OPERANDS_UNIFICATION
+    /* optimize rule */
+    switch(insnobj->insn_id){
+%     opt_insns_map.each do |originsn, optinsns|
+      case BIN(<%=originsn.name%>):
+%       optinsns.each {|opti|
+	if (
+%         opti.defopes.each_with_index {|opinfo, i|
+%           next if opinfo[1] == '*'
+	    insnobj->operands[<%=i%>] == <%=val_as_type(opinfo)%> &&
+%         }
+	    1) {
+%         idx = 0
+%         opti.defopes.each_with_index {|opinfo, n|
+%           if opinfo[1] == '*'
+%             if idx != n
+	    insnobj->operands[<%=idx%>] = insnobj->operands[<%=n%>];
+%             end
+%             idx += 1
+%           end
+% 	  }
+	    insnobj->insn_id = BIN(<%=opti.name%>);
+	    insnobj->operand_size = <%=idx%>;
+	    break;
+	}
+%       }
+	break;
+%     end
+
+      default:
+	/* do nothing */;
+	break;
+    }
+#endif
+    return insnobj;
+}
+
+int
+rb_insn_unified_local_var_level(VALUE insn)
+{
+#ifdef OPT_OPERANDS_UNIFICATION
+    /* optimize rule */
+    switch (insn) {
+% opt_insns_map.each do |originsn, optinsns|
+%   optinsns.each {|opti|
+      case BIN(<%=opti.name%>):
+%     opti.defopes.each {|opinfo|
+%       next if opinfo[1] == '*'
+	return <%=opinfo[1]%>;
+%       break
+%     }
+%   }
+% end
+
+      default:
+	/* do nothing */;
+	break;
+    }
+#endif
+    return -1;
+}
diff --git a/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl b/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ac5872346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/optunifs.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/* -*-c-*- *********************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/**
+  This file is for threaded code.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/optunifs.inc.tmpl'
+  or tool/insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+/*
+  static const int UNIFIED_insn_name_1[] = {id, size, ...};
+  static const int UNIFIED_insn_name_2[] = {id, size, ...};
+  ...
+
+  static const int *const UNIFIED_insn_name[] = {size,
+    UNIFIED_insn_name_1,
+    UNIFIED_insn_name_2, ...};
+  ...
+
+  static const int *const *const unified_insns_data[] = {
+    UNIFIED_insn_nameA,
+    UNIFIED_insn_nameB, ...};
+ */
+
+% unif_insns_data = @insns.find_all {|insn| !insn.is_sc}.map do |insn|
+%   size = insn.unifs.size
+%   if size > 0
+%     name = "UNIFIED_#{insn.name}"
+%     insn.unifs.sort_by{|unif| -unif[1].size}.each_with_index do |(uni_insn, uni_insns), i|
+%       uni_insns = uni_insns[1..-1]
+static const int <%=name%>_<%=i%>[] = {
+    BIN(<%=uni_insn.name%>), <%=uni_insns.size + 2%>,
+    <% uni_insns.map{|e| -%>
+BIN(<%=e.name%>),<% -%>
+% }
+
+};
+%     end
+
+static const int *const <%=name%>[] = {(int *)<%=size+1%>,
+%     size.times do |e|
+    <%=name%>_<%=e%>,
+%     end
+};
+%     name
+%   end
+% end
+
+static const int *const *const unified_insns_data[] = {<%#-%>
+% unif_insns_data.each_with_index do |insn, i|
+%   if (i%8).zero?
+
+   <% -%>
+%   end
+ <%=insn || "0"%>,<%#-%>
+% end
+
+};
+
+#undef GET_INSN_NAME
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(unified_insns_data);
diff --git a/template/vm.inc.tmpl b/template/vm.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14b6ba3f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/vm.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* -*-c-*- *********************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/**
+  This file is VM main loop.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'insns.def'
+ */
+
+
+% line = _erbout.count("\n") + 1
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+<%
+line += 1
+make_insn_def(insn).split(/(__CURRENT_LINE__|__CURRENT_FILE__)/).each {|e|
+  %><%=
+  case e
+  when '__CURRENT_LINE__'
+    line.to_s
+  when '__CURRENT_FILE__'
+    "vm.inc"
+  else
+    line += e.count("\n")
+    e
+  end
+  %><%
+}
+%>
+% end
diff --git a/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl b/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c313113a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/vmtc.inc.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/* -*-c-*- *********************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/*******************************************************************/
+/**
+  This file is for threaded code.
+
+  ----
+  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
+  DO NOT TOUCH!
+
+  If you want to fix something, you must edit 'template/vmtc.inc.tmpl'
+  or insns2vm.rb
+ */
+
+static const void *const insns_address_table[] = {
+% @insns.each do |insn|
+    LABEL_PTR(<%=insn.name%>),
+% end
+};
+
+ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(insns_address_table);
diff --git a/doc/yarvarch.en b/template/yarvarch.en
index 7a76e25b7e..7a76e25b7e 100644
--- a/doc/yarvarch.en
+++ b/template/yarvarch.en
diff --git a/doc/yarvarch.ja b/template/yarvarch.ja
index 2739ec6b14..2739ec6b14 100644
--- a/doc/yarvarch.ja
+++ b/template/yarvarch.ja
diff --git a/template/yasmdata.rb.tmpl b/template/yasmdata.rb.tmpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a11df0a712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/template/yasmdata.rb.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# -*-ruby-*-
+#
+
+class VM
+  class InstructionSequence
+    class Instruction
+      InsnID2NO = {
+<%= insn_id2no %>
+      }
+
+      def self.id2insn_no id
+        if InsnID2NO.has_key? id
+          InsnID2NO[id]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
diff --git a/tool/insns2vm.rb b/tool/insns2vm.rb
index e6fe64d189..ecbbb52643 100755
--- a/tool/insns2vm.rb
+++ b/tool/insns2vm.rb
@@ -3,11 +3,16 @@
 # This is used by Makefile.in to generate .inc files.
 # See Makefile.in for details.
 
-require_relative 'ruby_vm/scripts/insns2vm'
+require 'optparse'
+
+Version = %w$Revision: 11626 $[1..-1]
+
+require "#{File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'instruction')}"
 
 if $0 == __FILE__
-  router(ARGV).each do |(path, generator)|
-    str = generator.generate path
-    path.write str, mode: 'wb:utf-8'
-  end
+  opts = ARGV.options
+  maker = RubyVM::SourceCodeGenerator.def_options(opts)
+  files = opts.parse!
+  generator = maker.call
+  generator.generate(files)
 end
diff --git a/tool/instruction.rb b/tool/instruction.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..447fed5948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tool/instruction.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1249 @@
+#!./miniruby
+# -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
+#
+# This library is used by insns2vm.rb as part of autogenerating
+# instruction files with .inc extensions like insns.inc and vm.inc.
+
+require 'erb'
+$:.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+require 'vpath'
+
+class RubyVM
+  class Instruction
+    def initialize name, opes, pops, rets, comm, body, tvars, sp_inc,
+                   orig = self, defopes = [], type = nil,
+                   nsc = [], psc = [[], []]
+
+      @name = name
+      @opes = opes # [[type, name], ...]
+      @pops = pops # [[type, name], ...]
+      @rets = rets # [[type, name], ...]
+      @comm = comm # {:c => category, :e => en desc, :j => ja desc}
+      @body = body # '...'
+
+      @orig    = orig
+      @defopes = defopes
+      @type    = type
+      @tvars   = tvars
+
+      @nextsc = nsc
+      @pushsc = psc
+      @sc     = []
+      @unifs  = []
+      @optimized = []
+      @is_sc  = false
+      @sp_inc = sp_inc
+      @trace  = trace
+    end
+
+    def add_sc sci
+      @sc << sci
+      sci.set_sc
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :name, :opes, :pops, :rets
+    attr_reader :body, :comm
+    attr_reader :nextsc, :pushsc
+    attr_reader :orig, :defopes, :type
+    attr_reader :sc
+    attr_reader :unifs, :optimized
+    attr_reader :is_sc
+    attr_reader :tvars
+    attr_reader :sp_inc
+    attr_accessor :trace
+
+    def set_sc
+      @is_sc = true
+    end
+
+    def add_unif insns
+      @unifs << insns
+    end
+
+    def add_optimized insn
+      @optimized << insn
+    end
+
+    def sp_increase_c_expr
+      if(pops.any?{|t, v| v == '...'} ||
+         rets.any?{|t, v| v == '...'})
+        # user definition
+        raise "no sp increase definition" if @sp_inc.nil?
+        ret = "int inc = 0;\n"
+
+        @opes.each_with_index{|(t, v), i|
+          if (t == 'rb_num_t' && ((re = /\b#{v}\b/n) =~ @sp_inc)) ||
+             (@defopes.any?{|t, val| re =~ val})
+            ret << "        int #{v} = FIX2INT(opes[#{i}]);\n"
+          elsif (t == 'CALL_INFO' && ((re = /\b#{v}\b/n) =~ @sp_inc))
+            ret << "        CALL_INFO #{v} = (CALL_INFO)(opes[#{i}]);\n"
+          end
+        }
+
+        @defopes.each_with_index{|((t, var), val), i|
+          if t == 'rb_num_t' && val != '*' && /\b#{var}\b/ =~ @sp_inc
+            ret << "        #{t} #{var} = #{val};\n"
+          end
+        }
+
+        ret << "        #{@sp_inc};\n"
+        ret << "        return depth + inc;"
+        ret
+      else
+        "return depth + #{rets.size - pops.size};"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "#<Instruction:#{@name}>"
+    end
+  end
+
+  class InstructionsLoader
+    def initialize opts = {}
+      @insns    = []
+      @insn_map = {}
+
+      @vpath = opts[:VPATH] || File
+      @use_const = opts[:use_const]
+      @verbose   = opts[:verbose]
+      @destdir   = opts[:destdir]
+
+      (@vm_opts = load_vm_opts).each {|k, v|
+        @vm_opts[k] = opts[k] if opts.key?(k)
+      }
+
+      load_insns_def opts[:"insns.def"] || 'insns.def'
+
+      load_opt_operand_def opts[:"opope.def"] || 'defs/opt_operand.def'
+      load_insn_unification_def opts[:"unif.def"] || 'defs/opt_insn_unif.def'
+      make_stackcaching_insns if vm_opt?('STACK_CACHING')
+      make_trace_insns
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :vpath
+    attr_reader :destdir
+
+    %w[use_const verbose].each do |attr|
+      attr_reader attr
+      alias_method "#{attr}?", attr
+      remove_method attr
+    end
+
+    def [](s)
+      @insn_map[s.to_s]
+    end
+
+    def each
+      @insns.each{|insn|
+        yield insn
+      }
+    end
+
+    def size
+      @insns.size
+    end
+
+    ###
+    private
+
+    def vm_opt? name
+      @vm_opts[name]
+    end
+
+    def load_vm_opts file = nil
+      file ||= 'vm_opts.h'
+      opts = {}
+      vpath.open(file) do |f|
+        f.grep(/^\#define\s+OPT_([A-Z_]+)\s+(\d+)/) do
+          opts[$1] = !$2.to_i.zero?
+        end
+      end
+      opts
+    end
+
+    SKIP_COMMENT_PATTERN = Regexp.compile(Regexp.escape('/** ##skip'))
+
+    include Enumerable
+
+    def add_insn insn
+      @insns << insn
+      @insn_map[insn.name] = insn
+    end
+
+    def make_insn name, opes, pops, rets, comm, body, sp_inc
+      add_insn Instruction.new(name, opes, pops, rets, comm, body, [], sp_inc)
+    end
+
+    # str -> [[type, var], ...]
+    def parse_vars line
+      raise unless /\((.*?)\)/ =~ line
+      vars = $1.split(',')
+      vars.map!{|v|
+        if /\s*(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s*/ =~ v
+          type = $1
+          var  = $2
+        elsif /\s*\.\.\.\s*/ =~ v
+          type = var  = '...'
+        else
+          raise
+        end
+        [type, var]
+      }
+      vars
+    end
+
+    def parse_comment comm
+      c = 'others'
+      j = ''
+      e = ''
+      comm.each_line{|line|
+        case line
+        when /@c (.+)/
+          c = $1
+        when /@e (.+)/
+          e = $1
+        when /@e\s*$/
+          e = ''
+        when /@j (.+)$/
+          j = $1
+        when /@j\s*$/
+          j = ''
+        end
+      }
+      { :c => c,
+        :e => e,
+        :j => j,
+      }
+    end
+
+    def load_insns_def file
+      body = insn = opes = pops = rets = nil
+      comment = ''
+
+      vpath.open(file) {|f|
+        f.instance_variable_set(:@line_no, 0)
+        class << f
+          def line_no
+            @line_no
+          end
+          def gets
+            @line_no += 1
+            super
+          end
+        end
+
+        while line = f.gets
+          line.chomp!
+          case line
+
+          when SKIP_COMMENT_PATTERN
+            while line = f.gets.chomp
+              if /\s+\*\/$/ =~ line
+                break
+              end
+            end
+
+            # collect instruction comment
+          when /^\/\*\*$/
+            while line = f.gets
+              if /\s+\*\/\s*$/ =~ line
+                break
+              else
+                comment << line
+              end
+            end
+
+            # start instruction body
+          when /^DEFINE_INSN$/
+            insn = f.gets.chomp
+            opes = parse_vars(f.gets.chomp)
+            pops = parse_vars(f.gets.chomp).reverse
+            rets_str = f.gets.chomp
+            rets = parse_vars(rets_str).reverse
+            comment = parse_comment(comment)
+            insn_in = true
+            body    = ''
+
+            sp_inc = rets_str[%r"//\s*(.+)", 1]
+
+            raise unless /^\{$/ =~ f.gets.chomp
+            line_no = f.line_no
+
+          # end instruction body
+          when /^\}/
+            if insn_in
+              body.instance_variable_set(:@line_no, line_no)
+              body.instance_variable_set(:@file, f.path)
+              insn = make_insn(insn, opes, pops, rets, comment, body, sp_inc)
+              insn_in = false
+              comment = ''
+            end
+
+          else
+            if insn_in
+              body << line + "\n"
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    ## opt op
+    def load_opt_operand_def file
+      vpath.foreach(file) {|line|
+        line = line.gsub(/\#.*/, '').strip
+        next  if line.length == 0
+        break if /__END__/ =~ line
+        /(\S+)\s+(.+)/ =~ line
+        insn = $1
+        opts = $2
+        add_opt_operand insn, opts.split(/,/).map{|e| e.strip}
+      } if file
+    end
+
+    def label_escape label
+      label.gsub(/\(/, '_O_').
+      gsub(/\)/, '_C_').
+      gsub(/\*/, '_WC_')
+    end
+
+    def add_opt_operand insn_name, opts
+      insn = @insn_map[insn_name]
+      opes = insn.opes
+
+      if opes.size != opts.size
+        raise "operand size mismatch for #{insn.name} (opes: #{opes.size}, opts: #{opts.size})"
+      end
+
+      ninsn = insn.name + '_OP_' + opts.map{|e| label_escape(e)}.join('_')
+      nopes = []
+      defv  = []
+
+      opts.each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if e == '*'
+          nopes << opes[i]
+        end
+        defv  << [opes[i], e]
+      }
+
+      make_insn_operand_optimized(insn, ninsn, nopes, defv)
+    end
+
+    def make_insn_operand_optimized orig_insn, name, opes, defopes
+      comm = orig_insn.comm.dup
+      comm[:c] = 'optimize'
+      add_insn insn = Instruction.new(
+        name, opes, orig_insn.pops, orig_insn.rets, comm,
+        orig_insn.body, orig_insn.tvars, orig_insn.sp_inc,
+        orig_insn, defopes)
+      orig_insn.add_optimized insn
+    end
+
+    ## insn unif
+    def load_insn_unification_def file
+      vpath.foreach(file) {|line|
+        line = line.gsub(/\#.*/, '').strip
+        next  if line.length == 0
+        break if /__END__/ =~ line
+        make_unified_insns line.split.map{|e|
+          raise "unknown insn: #{e}" unless @insn_map[e]
+          @insn_map[e]
+        }
+      } if file
+    end
+
+    def all_combination sets
+      ret = sets.shift.map{|e| [e]}
+
+      sets.each{|set|
+        prev = ret
+        ret  = []
+        prev.each{|ary|
+          set.each{|e|
+            eary = ary.dup
+            eary << e
+            ret  << eary
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      ret
+    end
+
+    def make_unified_insns insns
+      if vm_opt?('UNIFY_ALL_COMBINATION')
+        insn_sets = insns.map{|insn|
+          [insn] + insn.optimized
+        }
+
+        all_combination(insn_sets).each{|insns_set|
+          make_unified_insn_each insns_set
+        }
+      else
+        make_unified_insn_each insns
+      end
+    end
+
+    def mk_private_val vals, i, redef
+      vals.dup.map{|v|
+        # v[0] : type
+        # v[1] : var name
+
+        v = v.dup
+        if v[0] != '...'
+          redef[v[1]] = v[0]
+          v[1] = "#{v[1]}_#{i}"
+        end
+        v
+      }
+    end
+
+    def mk_private_val2 vals, i, redef
+      vals.dup.map{|v|
+        # v[0][0] : type
+        # v[0][1] : var name
+        # v[1] : default val
+
+        pv = v.dup
+        v = pv[0] = pv[0].dup
+        if v[0] != '...'
+          redef[v[1]] = v[0]
+          v[1] = "#{v[1]}_#{i}"
+        end
+        pv
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_unified_insn_each insns
+      names = []
+      opes = []
+      pops = []
+      rets = []
+      comm = {
+        :c => 'optimize',
+        :e => 'unified insn',
+        :j => 'unified insn',
+      }
+      body = ''
+      passed = []
+      tvars = []
+      defopes = []
+      sp_inc = ''
+
+      insns.each_with_index{|insn, i|
+        names << insn.name
+        redef_vars = {}
+
+        e_opes = mk_private_val(insn.opes, i, redef_vars)
+        e_pops = mk_private_val(insn.pops, i, redef_vars)
+        e_rets = mk_private_val(insn.rets, i, redef_vars)
+        # ToDo: fix it
+        e_defs = mk_private_val2(insn.defopes, i, redef_vars)
+
+        passed_vars = []
+        while pvar = e_pops.pop
+          rvar = rets.pop
+          if rvar
+            raise "unsupported unif insn: #{insns.inspect}" if rvar[0] == '...'
+            passed_vars << [pvar, rvar]
+            tvars << rvar
+          else
+            e_pops.push pvar
+            break
+          end
+        end
+
+        opes.concat e_opes
+        pops.concat e_pops
+        rets.concat e_rets
+        defopes.concat e_defs
+        sp_inc << "#{insn.sp_inc}"
+
+        body << "{ /* unif: #{i} */\n" +
+                passed_vars.map{|rpvars|
+                  pv = rpvars[0]
+                  rv = rpvars[1]
+                  "#define #{pv[1]} #{rv[1]}"
+                }.join("\n") +
+                "\n" +
+                redef_vars.map{|v, type|
+                  "#{type} #{v} = #{v}_#{i};"
+                }.join("\n") + "\n"
+        if line = insn.body.instance_variable_get(:@line_no)
+          file = insn.body.instance_variable_get(:@file)
+          body << "#line #{line+1} \"#{file}\"\n"
+          body << insn.body
+          body << "\n#line __CURRENT_LINE__ \"__CURRENT_FILE__\"\n"
+        else
+          body << insn.body
+        end
+        body << redef_vars.keys.map{|v|
+                  "#{v}_#{i} = #{v};"
+                }.join("\n") +
+                "\n" +
+                passed_vars.map{|rpvars|
+                  "#undef #{rpvars[0][1]}"
+                }.join("\n") +
+                "\n}\n"
+      }
+
+      tvars_ary = []
+      tvars.each{|tvar|
+        unless opes.any?{|var|
+          var[1] == tvar[1]
+        } || defopes.any?{|pvar|
+          pvar[0][1] == tvar[1]
+        }
+          tvars_ary << tvar
+        end
+      }
+      add_insn insn = Instruction.new("UNIFIED_" + names.join('_'),
+                                   opes, pops, rets.reverse, comm, body,
+                                   tvars_ary, sp_inc)
+      insn.defopes.replace defopes
+      insns[0].add_unif [insn, insns]
+    end
+
+    ## sc
+    SPECIAL_INSN_FOR_SC_AFTER = {
+      /\Asend/      => [:a],
+      /\Aend/       => [:a],
+      /\Ayield/     => [:a],
+      /\Aclassdef/  => [:a],
+      /\Amoduledef/ => [:a],
+    }
+    FROM_SC = [[], [:a], [:b], [:a, :b], [:b, :a]]
+
+    def make_stackcaching_insns
+      pops = rets = nil
+
+      @insns.dup.each{|insn|
+        opops = insn.pops
+        orets = insn.rets
+        oopes = insn.opes
+        ocomm = insn.comm
+        oname = insn.name
+
+        after = SPECIAL_INSN_FOR_SC_AFTER.find {|k, v| k =~ oname}
+
+        insns = []
+        FROM_SC.each{|from|
+          name, pops, rets, pushs1, pushs2, nextsc =
+          *calc_stack(insn, from, after, opops, orets)
+
+          make_insn_sc(insn, name, oopes, pops, rets, [pushs1, pushs2], nextsc)
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_trace_insns
+      @insns.dup.each{|insn|
+        body = <<-EOS
+        vm_trace(ec, GET_CFP(), GET_PC());
+        DISPATCH_ORIGINAL_INSN(#{insn.name});
+        EOS
+
+        trace_insn = Instruction.new(name = "trace_#{insn.name}",
+                                     insn.opes, insn.pops, insn.rets, insn.comm,
+                                     body, insn.tvars, insn.sp_inc)
+        trace_insn.trace = true
+        add_insn trace_insn
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_insn_sc orig_insn, name, opes, pops, rets, pushs, nextsc
+      comm = orig_insn.comm.dup
+      comm[:c] = 'optimize(sc)'
+
+      scinsn = Instruction.new(
+        name, opes, pops, rets, comm,
+        orig_insn.body, orig_insn.tvars, orig_insn.sp_inc,
+        orig_insn, orig_insn.defopes, :sc, nextsc, pushs)
+
+      add_insn scinsn
+      orig_insn.add_sc scinsn
+    end
+
+    def self.complement_name st
+      "#{st[0] ? st[0] : 'x'}#{st[1] ? st[1] : 'x'}"
+    end
+
+    def add_stack_value st
+      len = st.length
+      if len == 0
+        st[0] = :a
+        [nil, :a]
+      elsif len == 1
+        if st[0] == :a
+          st[1] = :b
+        else
+          st[1] = :a
+        end
+        [nil, st[1]]
+      else
+        st[0], st[1] = st[1], st[0]
+        [st[1], st[1]]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def calc_stack insn, ofrom, oafter, opops, orets
+      from = ofrom.dup
+      pops = opops.dup
+      rets = orets.dup
+      rest_scr = ofrom.dup
+
+      pushs_before = []
+      pushs= []
+
+      pops.each_with_index{|e, i|
+        if e[0] == '...'
+          pushs_before = from
+          from = []
+        end
+        r = from.pop
+        break unless r
+        pops[i] = pops[i].dup << r
+      }
+
+      if oafter
+        from = oafter
+        from.each_with_index{|r, i|
+          rets[i] = rets[i].dup << r if rets[i]
+        }
+      else
+        rets = rets.reverse
+        rets.each_with_index{|e, i|
+          break if e[0] == '...'
+          pushed, r = add_stack_value from
+          rets[i] = rets[i].dup << r
+          if pushed
+            if rest_scr.pop
+              pushs << pushed
+            end
+
+            if i - 2 >= 0
+              rets[i-2].pop
+            end
+          end
+        }
+      end
+
+      if false #|| insn.name =~ /test3/
+        p ofrom
+        p pops
+        p rets
+        p pushs_before
+        p pushs
+        p from
+        exit
+      end
+
+      ret = ["#{insn.name}_SC_#{InstructionsLoader.complement_name(ofrom)}_#{complement_name(from)}",
+            pops, rets, pushs_before, pushs, from]
+    end
+  end
+
+  class SourceCodeGenerator
+    def initialize insns
+      @insns = insns
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :insns
+
+    def generate
+      raise "should not reach here"
+    end
+
+    def vpath
+      @insns.vpath
+    end
+
+    def verbose?
+      @insns.verbose?
+    end
+
+    def use_const?
+      @insns.use_const?
+    end
+
+    def template(name)
+      ERB.new(vpath.read("template/#{name}"), nil, '%-')
+    end
+
+    def build_string
+      @lines = []
+      yield
+      @lines.join("\n")
+    end
+
+    EMPTY_STRING = ''.freeze
+
+    def commit str = EMPTY_STRING
+      @lines << str
+    end
+
+    def comment str
+      @lines << str if verbose?
+    end
+
+    def output_path(fn)
+      d = @insns.destdir
+      fn = File.join(d, fn) if d
+      fn
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # vm.inc
+  class VmBodyGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    # vm.inc
+    def generate
+      template('vm.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+
+    def generate_from_insnname insnname
+      make_insn_def @insns[insnname.to_s]
+    end
+
+    #######
+    private
+
+    def make_header_prepare_stack insn
+      comment "  /* prepare stack status */"
+
+      push_ba = insn.pushsc
+      raise "unsupport" if push_ba[0].size > 0 && push_ba[1].size > 0
+
+      n = 0
+      push_ba.each {|pushs| n += pushs.length}
+      commit "  CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW_FOR_INSN(VM_REG_CFP, #{n});" if n > 0
+      push_ba.each{|pushs|
+        pushs.each{|r|
+          commit "  PUSH(SCREG(#{r}));"
+        }
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_header_operands insn
+      comment "  /* declare and get from iseq */"
+
+      vars = insn.opes
+      n = 0
+      ops = []
+
+      vars.each_with_index{|(type, var), i|
+        if type == '...'
+          break
+        end
+
+        # skip make operands when body has no reference to this operand
+        # TODO: really needed?
+        re = /\b#{var}\b/n
+        if re =~ insn.body or re =~ insn.sp_inc or insn.rets.any?{|t, v| re =~ v} or re =~ 'ic' or re =~ 'ci' or re =~ 'cc'
+          ops << "  #{type} #{var} = (#{type})GET_OPERAND(#{i+1});"
+        end
+
+        n   += 1
+      }
+      @opn = n
+
+      # reverse or not?
+      # ops.join
+      commit ops.reverse
+    end
+
+    def make_header_default_operands insn
+      vars = insn.defopes
+
+      vars.each{|e|
+        next if e[1] == '*'
+        if use_const?
+          commit "  const #{e[0][0]} #{e[0][1]} = #{e[1]};"
+        else
+          commit "  #define #{e[0][1]} #{e[1]}"
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_footer_default_operands insn
+      comment " /* declare and initialize default opes */"
+      if use_const?
+        commit
+      else
+        vars = insn.defopes
+
+        vars.each{|e|
+          next if e[1] == '*'
+          commit "#undef #{e[0][1]}"
+        }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def make_header_stack_pops insn
+      comment "  /* declare and pop from stack */"
+
+      n = 0
+      pops = []
+      vars = insn.pops
+      vars.each_with_index{|iter, i|
+        type, var, r = *iter
+        if type == '...'
+          break
+        end
+        if r
+          pops << "  #{type} #{var} = SCREG(#{r});"
+        else
+          pops << "  #{type} #{var} = TOPN(#{n});"
+          n += 1
+        end
+      }
+      @popn = n
+
+      # reverse or not?
+      commit pops.reverse
+    end
+
+    def make_header_temporary_vars insn
+      comment "  /* declare temporary vars */"
+
+      insn.tvars.each{|var|
+        commit "  #{var[0]} #{var[1]};"
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_header_stack_val insn
+      comment "/* declare stack push val */"
+
+      vars = insn.opes + insn.pops + insn.defopes.map{|e| e[0]}
+
+      insn.rets.each{|var|
+        if vars.all?{|e| e[1] != var[1]} && var[1] != '...'
+          commit "  #{var[0]} #{var[1]};"
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_header_analysis insn
+      commit "  COLLECT_USAGE_INSN(BIN(#{insn.name}));"
+      insn.opes.each_with_index{|op, i|
+        commit "  COLLECT_USAGE_OPERAND(BIN(#{insn.name}), #{i}, #{op[1]});"
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_header_pc insn
+      commit  "  ADD_PC(1+#{@opn});"
+      commit  "  PREFETCH(GET_PC());"
+    end
+
+    def make_header_popn insn
+      comment "  /* management */"
+      commit  "  POPN(#{@popn});" if @popn > 0
+    end
+
+    def make_header_debug insn
+      comment "  /* for debug */"
+      commit  "  DEBUG_ENTER_INSN(\"#{insn.name}\");"
+    end
+
+    def make_header_defines insn
+      commit  "  #define CURRENT_INSN_#{insn.name} 1"
+      commit  "  #define INSN_IS_SC()     #{insn.sc ? 0 : 1}"
+      commit  "  #define INSN_LABEL(lab)  LABEL_#{insn.name}_##lab"
+      commit  "  #define LABEL_IS_SC(lab) LABEL_##lab##_###{insn.sc.size == 0 ? 't' : 'f'}"
+    end
+
+    def each_footer_stack_val insn
+      insn.rets.reverse_each{|v|
+        break if v[1] == '...'
+        yield v
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_footer_stack_val insn
+      comment "  /* push stack val */"
+
+      n = 0
+      each_footer_stack_val(insn){|v|
+        n += 1 unless v[2]
+      }
+      commit "  CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW_FOR_INSN(VM_REG_CFP, #{n});" if n > 0
+      each_footer_stack_val(insn){|v|
+        if v[2]
+          commit "  SCREG(#{v[2]}) = #{v[1]};"
+        else
+          commit "  PUSH(#{v[1]});"
+        end
+      }
+    end
+
+    def make_footer_undefs insn
+      commit "#undef CURRENT_INSN_#{insn.name}"
+      commit "#undef INSN_IS_SC"
+      commit "#undef INSN_LABEL"
+      commit "#undef LABEL_IS_SC"
+    end
+
+    def make_header insn
+      label = insn.trace ? '' : "START_OF_ORIGINAL_INSN(#{insn.name});"
+      commit "INSN_ENTRY(#{insn.name}){#{label}"
+      make_header_prepare_stack insn
+      commit "{"
+      unless insn.trace
+        make_header_stack_val  insn
+        make_header_default_operands insn
+        make_header_operands   insn
+        make_header_stack_pops insn
+        make_header_temporary_vars insn
+        #
+        make_header_debug insn
+        make_header_pc insn
+        make_header_popn insn
+        make_header_defines insn
+        make_header_analysis insn
+      end
+      commit  "{"
+    end
+
+    def make_footer insn
+      unless insn.trace
+        make_footer_stack_val insn
+        make_footer_default_operands insn
+        make_footer_undefs insn
+      end
+      commit "  END_INSN(#{insn.name});}}}"
+    end
+
+    def make_insn_def insn
+      build_string do
+        make_header insn
+        if line = insn.body.instance_variable_get(:@line_no)
+          file = insn.body.instance_variable_get(:@file)
+          commit "#line #{line+1} \"#{file}\""
+          commit insn.body
+          commit '#line __CURRENT_LINE__ "__CURRENT_FILE__"'
+        else
+          commit insn.body
+        end
+        make_footer(insn)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # vmtc.inc
+  class VmTCIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      template('vmtc.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # insns_info.inc
+  class InsnsInfoIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      template('insns_info.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+
+    ###
+    private
+
+    def op2typesig op
+      case op
+      when /^OFFSET/
+        "TS_OFFSET"
+      when /^rb_num_t/
+        "TS_NUM"
+      when /^lindex_t/
+        "TS_LINDEX"
+      when /^VALUE/
+        "TS_VALUE"
+      when /^ID/
+        "TS_ID"
+      when /GENTRY/
+        "TS_GENTRY"
+      when /^IC/
+        "TS_IC"
+      when /^CALL_INFO/
+        "TS_CALLINFO"
+      when /^CALL_CACHE/
+        "TS_CALLCACHE"
+      when /^\.\.\./
+        "TS_VARIABLE"
+      when /^CDHASH/
+        "TS_CDHASH"
+      when /^ISEQ/
+        "TS_ISEQ"
+      when /rb_insn_func_t/
+        "TS_FUNCPTR"
+      else
+        raise "unknown op type: #{op}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    TYPE_CHARS = {
+      'TS_OFFSET'    => 'O',
+      'TS_NUM'       => 'N',
+      'TS_LINDEX'    => 'L',
+      'TS_VALUE'     => 'V',
+      'TS_ID'        => 'I',
+      'TS_GENTRY'    => 'G',
+      'TS_IC'        => 'K',
+      'TS_CALLINFO'  => 'C',
+      'TS_CALLCACHE' => 'E',
+      'TS_CDHASH'    => 'H',
+      'TS_ISEQ'      => 'S',
+      'TS_VARIABLE'  => '.',
+      'TS_FUNCPTR'   => 'F',
+    }
+
+    def max_length(array)
+      max = 0
+      array.each do |i|
+        if (n = i.length) > max
+          max = n
+        end
+      end
+      max
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # insns.inc
+  class InsnsIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      template('insns.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # minsns.inc
+  class MInsnsIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      template('minsns.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # optinsn.inc
+  class OptInsnIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      optinsn_inc
+    end
+
+    ###
+    private
+
+    def val_as_type op
+      type = op[0][0]
+      val  = op[1]
+
+      case type
+      when /^long/, /^rb_num_t/, /^lindex_t/
+        "INT2FIX(#{val})"
+      when /^VALUE/
+        val
+      when /^ID/
+        "INT2FIX(#{val})"
+      when /^ISEQ/, /^rb_insn_func_t/
+        val
+      when /GENTRY/
+        raise
+      when /^\.\.\./
+        raise
+      else
+        raise "type: #{type}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # optinsn.inc
+    def optinsn_inc
+      opt_insns_map = Hash.new{[]}
+
+      @insns.each{|insn|
+        next if insn.defopes.size == 0
+        next if insn.type         == :sc
+        next if /^UNIFIED/ =~ insn.name.to_s
+
+        originsn = insn.orig
+        opt_insns_map[originsn] <<= insn
+      }
+
+      opt_insns_map.each_value do |optinsns|
+        sorted = optinsns.sort_by {|opti|
+          opti.defopes.find_all{|e| e[1] == '*'}.size
+        }
+        optinsns.replace(sorted)
+      end
+
+      template('optinsn.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # optunifs.inc
+  class OptUnifsIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      template('optunifs.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # opt_sc.inc
+  class OptSCIncGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      sc_insn_info = []
+      @insns.each{|insn|
+        insns = insn.sc
+        if insns.size > 0
+          insns = ['SC_ERROR'] + insns.map{|e| "    BIN(#{e.name})"}
+        else
+          insns = Array.new(6){'SC_ERROR'}
+        end
+        sc_insn_info << "  {\n#{insns.join(",\n")}}"
+      }
+      sc_insn_info = sc_insn_info.join(",\n")
+
+      sc_insn_next = @insns.map{|insn|
+        "  SCS_#{InstructionsLoader.complement_name(insn.nextsc).upcase}" +
+        (verbose? ? " /* #{insn.name} */" : '')
+      }.join(",\n")
+      template('opt_sc.inc.tmpl').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # yasmdata.rb
+  class YASMDataRbGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+      insn_id2no = ''
+      @insns.each_with_index{|insn, i|
+        insn_id2no << "        :#{insn.name} => #{i},\n"
+      }
+      template('yasmdata.rb').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ###################################################################
+  # yarvarch.*
+  class YARVDocGenerator < SourceCodeGenerator
+    def generate
+
+    end
+
+    def desc lang
+      d = ''
+      i = 0
+      cat = nil
+      @insns.each{|insn|
+        seq    = insn.opes.map{|t,v| v}.join(' ')
+        before = insn.pops.reverse.map{|t,v| v}.join(' ')
+        after  = insn.rets.reverse.map{|t,v| v}.join(' ')
+
+        if cat != insn.comm[:c]
+          d << "** #{insn.comm[:c]}\n\n"
+          cat = insn.comm[:c]
+        end
+
+        d << "*** #{insn.name}\n"
+        d << "\n"
+        d << insn.comm[lang] << "\n\n"
+        d << ":instruction sequence: 0x%02x " % i << seq << "\n"
+        d << ":stack: #{before} => #{after}\n\n"
+        i+=1
+      }
+      d
+    end
+
+    def desc_ja
+      d = desc :j
+      template('yarvarch.ja').result(binding)
+    end
+
+    def desc_en
+      d = desc :e
+      template('yarvarch.en').result(binding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class SourceCodeGenerator
+    Files = { # codes
+      'vm.inc'         => VmBodyGenerator,
+      'vmtc.inc'       => VmTCIncGenerator,
+      'insns.inc'      => InsnsIncGenerator,
+      'insns_info.inc' => InsnsInfoIncGenerator,
+    # 'minsns.inc'     => MInsnsIncGenerator,
+      'optinsn.inc'    => OptInsnIncGenerator,
+      'optunifs.inc'   => OptUnifsIncGenerator,
+      'opt_sc.inc'     => OptSCIncGenerator,
+      'yasmdata.rb'    => YASMDataRbGenerator,
+    }
+
+    def generate args = []
+      args = Files.keys if args.empty?
+      args.each{|fn|
+        s = Files[fn].new(@insns).generate
+        open(output_path(fn), 'w') {|f| f.puts(s)}
+      }
+    end
+
+    def self.def_options(opt)
+      opts = {
+        :"insns.def" => 'insns.def',
+        :"opope.def" => 'defs/opt_operand.def',
+        :"unif.def"  => 'defs/opt_insn_unif.def',
+      }
+
+      opt.on("-Dname", /\AOPT_(\w+)\z/, "enable VM option") {|s, v|
+        opts[v] = true
+      }
+      opt.on("--enable=name[,name...]", Array,
+        "enable VM options (without OPT_ prefix)") {|*a|
+        a.each {|v| opts[v] = true}
+      }
+      opt.on("-Uname", /\AOPT_(\w+)\z/, "disable VM option") {|s, v|
+        opts[v] = false
+      }
+      opt.on("--disable=name[,name...]", Array,
+        "disable VM options (without OPT_ prefix)") {|*a|
+          a.each {|v| opts[v] = false}
+      }
+      opt.on("-i", "--insnsdef=FILE", "--instructions-def",
+        "instructions definition file") {|n|
+        opts[:insns_def] = n
+      }
+      opt.on("-o", "--opt-operanddef=FILE", "--opt-operand-def",
+        "vm option: operand definition file") {|n|
+        opts[:opope_def] = n
+      }
+      opt.on("-u", "--opt-insnunifdef=FILE", "--opt-insn-unif-def",
+        "vm option: instruction unification file") {|n|
+        opts[:unif_def] = n
+      }
+      opt.on("-C", "--[no-]use-const",
+        "use consts for default operands instead of macros") {|v|
+        opts[:use_const] = v
+      }
+      opt.on("-d", "--destdir", "--output-directory=DIR",
+        "make output file underneath DIR") {|v|
+        opts[:destdir] = v
+      }
+      opt.on("-V", "--[no-]verbose") {|v|
+        opts[:verbose] = v
+      }
+
+      vpath = VPath.new
+      vpath.def_options(opt)
+
+      proc {
+        opts[:VPATH] = vpath
+        build opts
+      }
+    end
+
+    def self.build opts, vpath = ['./']
+      opts[:VPATH] ||= VPath.new(*vpath)
+      self.new InstructionsLoader.new(opts)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/controllers/application_controller.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/controllers/application_controller.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bb86873d25..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/controllers/application_controller.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/dumper'
-require_relative '../models/instructions'
-require_relative '../models/typemap'
-require_relative '../loaders/vm_opts_h'
-
-class ApplicationController
-  def generate i
-    path = Pathname.new i
-    dumper = RubyVM::Dumper.new i
-    return [path, dumper]
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/c_escape.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/c_escape.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 088df1562e..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/c_escape.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require 'securerandom'
-
-module RubyVM::CEscape
-  module_function
-
-  # generate comment, with escaps.
-  def commentify str
-    return "/* #{str.strip.b.gsub '*/', '*\\/'} */"
-  end
-
-  # Mimic gensym of CL.
-  def gensym prefix = 'gensym_'
-    return as_tr_cpp "#{prefix}#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
-  end
-
-  # Mimic AS_TR_CPP() of autoconf.
-  def as_tr_cpp name
-    q = name.b
-    q.gsub! %r/[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/m, '_'
-    q.gsub! %r/_+/, '_'
-    return q
-  end
-
-  # Section 6.10.4 of  ISO/IEC 9899:1999 specifies that the file  name used for
-  # #line directive shall be a "character string literal".  So this is needed.
-  #
-  # I'm  not sure  how  many  chars are  allowed  here,  though.  The  standard
-  # specifies 4095 chars at most, after string concatenation (section 5.2.4.1).
-  # But it is easy to have a path that is longer than that.
-  #
-  # Here  we ignore  the standard.  Just create  single string  literal of  any
-  # needed length.
-  def rstring2cstr str
-    # I believe this is the fastest implementation done in pure-ruby.
-    # Constants cached, gsub skips block evaluation, string literal optimized.
-    buf = str.b
-    buf.gsub! %r/./n, RString2CStr
-    return %'"#{buf}"'
-  end
-
-  RString2CStr = {
-      "\x00"=>  "\\0", "\x01"=> "\\x1", "\x02"=> "\\x2", "\x03"=> "\\x3",
-      "\x04"=> "\\x4", "\x05"=> "\\x5", "\x06"=> "\\x6",   "\a"=>  "\\a",
-        "\b"=>  "\\b",   "\t"=>  "\\t",   "\n"=>  "\\n",   "\v"=>  "\\v",
-        "\f"=>  "\\f",   "\r"=>  "\\r", "\x0E"=> "\\xe", "\x0F"=> "\\xf",
-      "\x10"=>"\\x10", "\x11"=>"\\x11", "\x12"=>"\\x12", "\x13"=>"\\x13",
-      "\x14"=>"\\x14", "\x15"=>"\\x15", "\x16"=>"\\x16", "\x17"=>"\\x17",
-      "\x18"=>"\\x18", "\x19"=>"\\x19", "\x1A"=>"\\x1a",   "\e"=>"\\x1b",
-      "\x1C"=>"\\x1c", "\x1D"=>"\\x1d", "\x1E"=>"\\x1e", "\x1F"=>"\\x1f",
-         " "=>    " ",    "!"=>    "!",   "\""=> "\\\"",    "#"=>    "#",
-         "$"=>    "$",    "%"=>    "%",    "&"=>    "&",    "'"=>  "\\'",
-         "("=>    "(",    ")"=>    ")",    "*"=>    "*",    "+"=>    "+",
-         ","=>    ",",    "-"=>    "-",    "."=>    ".",    "/"=>    "/",
-         "0"=>    "0",    "1"=>    "1",    "2"=>    "2",    "3"=>    "3",
-         "4"=>    "4",    "5"=>    "5",    "6"=>    "6",    "7"=>    "7",
-         "8"=>    "8",    "9"=>    "9",    ":"=>    ":",    ";"=>    ";",
-         "<"=>    "<",    "="=>    "=",    ">"=>    ">",    "?"=>    "?",
-         "@"=>    "@",    "A"=>    "A",    "B"=>    "B",    "C"=>    "C",
-         "D"=>    "D",    "E"=>    "E",    "F"=>    "F",    "G"=>    "G",
-         "H"=>    "H",    "I"=>    "I",    "J"=>    "J",    "K"=>    "K",
-         "L"=>    "L",    "M"=>    "M",    "N"=>    "N",    "O"=>    "O",
-         "P"=>    "P",    "Q"=>    "Q",    "R"=>    "R",    "S"=>    "S",
-         "T"=>    "T",    "U"=>    "U",    "V"=>    "V",    "W"=>    "W",
-         "X"=>    "X",    "Y"=>    "Y",    "Z"=>    "Z",    "["=>    "[",
-        "\\"=> "\\\\",    "]"=>    "]",    "^"=>    "^",    "_"=>    "_",
-         "`"=>    "`",    "a"=>    "a",    "b"=>    "b",    "c"=>    "c",
-         "d"=>    "d",    "e"=>    "e",    "f"=>    "f",    "g"=>    "g",
-         "h"=>    "h",    "i"=>    "i",    "j"=>    "j",    "k"=>    "k",
-         "l"=>    "l",    "m"=>    "m",    "n"=>    "n",    "o"=>    "o",
-         "p"=>    "p",    "q"=>    "q",    "r"=>    "r",    "s"=>    "s",
-         "t"=>    "t",    "u"=>    "u",    "v"=>    "v",    "w"=>    "w",
-         "x"=>    "x",    "y"=>    "y",    "z"=>    "z",    "{"=>    "{",
-         "|"=>    "|",    "}"=>    "}",    "~"=>    "~", "\x7F"=>"\\x7f",
-      "\x80"=>"\\x80", "\x81"=>"\\x81", "\x82"=>"\\x82", "\x83"=>"\\x83",
-      "\x84"=>"\\x84", "\x85"=>"\\x85", "\x86"=>"\\x86", "\x87"=>"\\x87",
-      "\x88"=>"\\x88", "\x89"=>"\\x89", "\x8A"=>"\\x8a", "\x8B"=>"\\x8b",
-      "\x8C"=>"\\x8c", "\x8D"=>"\\x8d", "\x8E"=>"\\x8e", "\x8F"=>"\\x8f",
-      "\x90"=>"\\x90", "\x91"=>"\\x91", "\x92"=>"\\x92", "\x93"=>"\\x93",
-      "\x94"=>"\\x94", "\x95"=>"\\x95", "\x96"=>"\\x96", "\x97"=>"\\x97",
-      "\x98"=>"\\x98", "\x99"=>"\\x99", "\x9A"=>"\\x9a", "\x9B"=>"\\x9b",
-      "\x9C"=>"\\x9c", "\x9D"=>"\\x9d", "\x9E"=>"\\x9e", "\x9F"=>"\\x9f",
-      "\xA0"=>"\\xa0", "\xA1"=>"\\xa1", "\xA2"=>"\\xa2", "\xA3"=>"\\xa3",
-      "\xA4"=>"\\xa4", "\xA5"=>"\\xa5", "\xA6"=>"\\xa6", "\xA7"=>"\\xa7",
-      "\xA8"=>"\\xa8", "\xA9"=>"\\xa9", "\xAA"=>"\\xaa", "\xAB"=>"\\xab",
-      "\xAC"=>"\\xac", "\xAD"=>"\\xad", "\xAE"=>"\\xae", "\xAF"=>"\\xaf",
-      "\xB0"=>"\\xb0", "\xB1"=>"\\xb1", "\xB2"=>"\\xb2", "\xB3"=>"\\xb3",
-      "\xB4"=>"\\xb4", "\xB5"=>"\\xb5", "\xB6"=>"\\xb6", "\xB7"=>"\\xb7",
-      "\xB8"=>"\\xb8", "\xB9"=>"\\xb9", "\xBA"=>"\\xba", "\xBB"=>"\\xbb",
-      "\xBC"=>"\\xbc", "\xBD"=>"\\xbd", "\xBE"=>"\\xbe", "\xBF"=>"\\xbf",
-      "\xC0"=>"\\xc0", "\xC1"=>"\\xc1", "\xC2"=>"\\xc2", "\xC3"=>"\\xc3",
-      "\xC4"=>"\\xc4", "\xC5"=>"\\xc5", "\xC6"=>"\\xc6", "\xC7"=>"\\xc7",
-      "\xC8"=>"\\xc8", "\xC9"=>"\\xc9", "\xCA"=>"\\xca", "\xCB"=>"\\xcb",
-      "\xCC"=>"\\xcc", "\xCD"=>"\\xcd", "\xCE"=>"\\xce", "\xCF"=>"\\xcf",
-      "\xD0"=>"\\xd0", "\xD1"=>"\\xd1", "\xD2"=>"\\xd2", "\xD3"=>"\\xd3",
-      "\xD4"=>"\\xd4", "\xD5"=>"\\xd5", "\xD6"=>"\\xd6", "\xD7"=>"\\xd7",
-      "\xD8"=>"\\xd8", "\xD9"=>"\\xd9", "\xDA"=>"\\xda", "\xDB"=>"\\xdb",
-      "\xDC"=>"\\xdc", "\xDD"=>"\\xdd", "\xDE"=>"\\xde", "\xDF"=>"\\xdf",
-      "\xE0"=>"\\xe0", "\xE1"=>"\\xe1", "\xE2"=>"\\xe2", "\xE3"=>"\\xe3",
-      "\xE4"=>"\\xe4", "\xE5"=>"\\xe5", "\xE6"=>"\\xe6", "\xE7"=>"\\xe7",
-      "\xE8"=>"\\xe8", "\xE9"=>"\\xe9", "\xEA"=>"\\xea", "\xEB"=>"\\xeb",
-      "\xEC"=>"\\xec", "\xED"=>"\\xed", "\xEE"=>"\\xee", "\xEF"=>"\\xef",
-      "\xF0"=>"\\xf0", "\xF1"=>"\\xf1", "\xF2"=>"\\xf2", "\xF3"=>"\\xf3",
-      "\xF4"=>"\\xf4", "\xF5"=>"\\xf5", "\xF6"=>"\\xf6", "\xF7"=>"\\xf7",
-      "\xF8"=>"\\xf8", "\xF9"=>"\\xf9", "\xFA"=>"\\xfa", "\xFB"=>"\\xfb",
-      "\xFC"=>"\\xfc", "\xFD"=>"\\xfd", "\xFE"=>"\\xfe", "\xFF"=>"\\xff",
-  }.freeze
-  private_constant :RString2CStr
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/dumper.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/dumper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f14d90d1f..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/dumper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require 'pathname'
-require 'erb'
-require_relative 'c_escape'
-
-class RubyVM::Dumper
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-
-  # I learned this handy "super-private" maneuver from @a_matsuda
-  # cf: https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/27363/files
-  using Module.new {
-    refine RubyVM::Dumper do
-      private
-
-      def new_binding
-        # This `eval 'binding'` does not return the current binding
-        # but creates one on top of it.
-        return eval 'binding'
-      end
-
-      def new_erb spec
-        path  = Pathname.new __dir__
-        path += '../views'
-        path += spec
-        src   = path.read mode: 'rt:utf-8:utf-8'
-      rescue Errno::ENOENT
-        raise "don't know how to generate #{path}"
-      else
-        erb = ERB.new src, nil, '%-'
-        erb.filename = path.realpath.to_path
-        return erb
-      end
-
-      def finderb spec
-        return @erb.fetch spec do |k|
-          erb = new_erb k
-          @erb[k] = erb
-        end
-      end
-
-      def replace_pragma_line str, lineno
-        if str == "#pragma RubyVM reset source\n" then
-          return "#line #{lineno + 2} #{@file}\n"
-        else
-          return str
-        end
-      end
-
-      public
-
-      def do_render source, locals
-        erb = finderb source
-        bnd = @empty.dup
-        locals.each_pair do |k, v|
-          bnd.local_variable_set k, v
-        end
-        return erb.result bnd
-      end
-
-      def replace_pragma str
-        return str                                 \
-          . each_line                              \
-          . with_index                             \
-          . map {|i, j| replace_pragma_line i, j } \
-          . join
-      end
-    end
-  }
-
-  def initialize path
-    @erb   = {}
-    @empty = new_binding
-    dst    = Pathname.new Dir.getwd
-    dst   += path
-    @file  = cstr dst.realdirpath.to_path
-  end
-
-  def render partial, locals: {}
-    return do_render "_#{partial}.erb", locals
-  end
-
-  def generate template
-    str = do_render "#{template}.erb", {}
-    return replace_pragma str
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  # view helpers
-
-  alias cstr rstring2cstr
-  alias comm commentify
-
-  def render_c_expr expr
-    render 'c_expr', locals: { expr: expr, }
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/scanner.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/scanner.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dce6ffdfe..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/helpers/scanner.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require 'pathname'
-require 'strscan'
-
-class RubyVM::Scanner
-  attr_reader :__FILE__
-  attr_reader :__LINE__
-
-  def initialize path
-    src       = Pathname.new __dir__
-    src      += path
-    @__LINE__ = 1
-    @__FILE__ = src.realpath.to_path
-    str       = src.read mode: 'rt:utf-8:utf-8'
-    @scanner  = StringScanner.new str
-  end
-
-  def eos?
-    @scanner.eos?
-  end
-
-  def scan re
-    ret   = @__LINE__
-    match = @scanner.scan re
-    return unless match
-    @__LINE__ += match.count "\n"
-    return ret
-  end
-
-  def scan! re
-    scan re or raise sprintf "parse error at %s:%d near:\n %s...", \
-        @__FILE__, @__LINE__, @scanner.peek(32)
-  end
-
-  def [] key
-    return @scanner[key]
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/insns_def.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/insns_def.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 58748c3ca6..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/insns_def.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/scanner'
-
-json    = []
-scanner = RubyVM::Scanner.new '../../../insns.def'
-path    = scanner.__FILE__
-grammar = %r'
-    (?<comment>  /[*] [^*]* [*]+ (?: [^*/] [^*]* [*]+ )* /         ){0}
-    (?<keyword>  typedef | extern | static | auto | register |
-                 struct  | union  | enum                           ){0}
-    (?<C>        (?: \g<block> | [^{}]+ )*                         ){0}
-    (?<block>    \{ \g<ws>* ^ \g<C> $ \g<ws>* \}                   ){0}
-    (?<ws>       \g<comment> | \s                                  ){0}
-    (?<ident>    [_a-zA-Z] [0-9_a-zA-Z]*                           ){0}
-    (?<type>     (?: \g<keyword> \g<ws>+ )* \g<ident>              ){0}
-    (?<arg>      \g<type> \g<ws>+ \g<ident> | \.\.\.               ){0}
-    (?<argv>     (?# empty ) |
-                 void        |
-                 \g<arg> (?: \g<ws>* , \g<ws>* \g<arg> \g<ws>* )*  ){0}
-    (?<pragma>   \g<ws>* // \s* attr \g<ws>+
-                 (?<pragma:type> \g<type>   )              \g<ws>+
-                 (?<pragma:name> \g<ident>  )              \g<ws>*
-                 =                                         \g<ws>*
-                 (?<pragma:expr> .+?;       )              \g<ws>* ){0}
-    (?<insn>     DEFINE_INSN                               \g<ws>+
-                 (?<insn:name>   \g<ident>  )              \g<ws>*
-     [(] \g<ws>* (?<insn:opes>   \g<argv>   ) \g<ws>* [)]  \g<ws>*
-     [(] \g<ws>* (?<insn:pops>   \g<argv>   ) \g<ws>* [)]  \g<ws>*
-     [(] \g<ws>* (?<insn:rets>   \g<argv>   ) \g<ws>* [)]  \g<ws>* ){0}
-'x
-
-until scanner.eos? do
-  next if scanner.scan(/#{grammar}\g<ws>+/o)
-  split = -> (v) {
-    case v when /\Avoid\z/ then
-      []
-    else
-      v.split(/, */)
-    end
-  }
-
-  l1   = scanner.scan!(/#{grammar}\g<insn>/o)
-  name = scanner["insn:name"]
-  ope  = split.(scanner["insn:opes"])
-  pop  = split.(scanner["insn:pops"])
-  ret  = split.(scanner["insn:rets"])
-
-  attrs = []
-  while l2 = scanner.scan(/#{grammar}\g<pragma>/o) do
-    attrs << {
-      location: [path, l2],
-      name: scanner["pragma:name"],
-      type: scanner["pragma:type"],
-      expr: scanner["pragma:expr"],
-    }
-  end
-
-  l3 = scanner.scan!(/#{grammar}\g<block>/o)
-  json << {
-    name: name,
-    location: [path, l1],
-    signature: {
-      name: name,
-      ope: ope,
-      pop: pop,
-      ret: ret,
-    },
-    attributes: attrs,
-    expr: {
-      location: [path, l3],
-      expr: scanner["block"],
-    },
-  }
-end
-
-RubyVM::InsnsDef = json
-
-if __FILE__ == $0 then
-  require 'json'
-  JSON.dump RubyVM::InsnsDef, STDOUT
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_insn_unif_def.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_insn_unif_def.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a5af409e71..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_insn_unif_def.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/scanner'
-
-json    = []
-scanner = RubyVM::Scanner.new '../../../defs/opt_insn_unif.def'
-path    = scanner.__FILE__
-until scanner.eos? do
-  next  if scanner.scan(/ ^ (?: \#.* )? \n /x)
-  break if scanner.scan(/ ^ __END__ $ /x)
-
-  pos = scanner.scan!(/(?<series>  (?: [\ \t]* \w+ )+ ) \n /mx)
-  json << {
-    location: [path, pos],
-    signature: scanner["series"].strip.split
-  }
-end
-
-RubyVM::OptInsnUnifDef = json
-
-if __FILE__ == $0 then
-  require 'json'
-  JSON.dump RubyVM::OptInsnUnifDef, STDOUT
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_operand_def.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_operand_def.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c94b4bced..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/opt_operand_def.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/scanner'
-
-json    = []
-scanner = RubyVM::Scanner.new '../../../defs/opt_operand.def'
-path    = scanner.__FILE__
-grammar = %r/
-    (?<comment> \# .+? \n                      ){0}
-    (?<ws>      \g<comment> | \s               ){0}
-    (?<insn>    \w+                            ){0}
-    (?<paren>   \( (?: \g<paren> | [^()]+)* \) ){0}
-    (?<expr>    (?: \g<paren> | [^(),\ \n] )+  ){0}
-    (?<remain>  \g<expr>                       ){0}
-    (?<arg>     \g<expr>                       ){0}
-    (?<extra>   , \g<ws>* \g<remain>           ){0}
-    (?<args>    \g<arg> \g<extra>*             ){0}
-    (?<decl>    \g<insn> \g<ws>+ \g<args> \n   ){0}
-/mx
-
-until scanner.eos? do
-  break if scanner.scan(/ ^ __END__ $ /x)
-  next  if scanner.scan(/#{grammar} \g<ws>+ /ox)
-
-  line = scanner.scan!(/#{grammar} \g<decl> /mox)
-  insn = scanner["insn"]
-  args = scanner["args"]
-  ary  = []
-  until args.strip.empty? do
-    tmp = StringScanner.new args
-    tmp.scan(/#{grammar} \g<args> /mox)
-    ary << tmp["arg"]
-    args = tmp["remain"]
-    break unless args
-  end
-  json << {
-    location: [path, line],
-    signature: [insn, ary]
-  }
-end
-
-RubyVM::OptOperandDef = json
-
-if __FILE__ == $0 then
-  require 'json'
-  JSON.dump RubyVM::OptOperandDef, STDOUT
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/vm_opts_h.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/vm_opts_h.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index f898fb36a4..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/loaders/vm_opts_h.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/scanner'
-
-json    = {}
-scanner = RubyVM::Scanner.new '../../../vm_opts.h'
-grammar = %r/
-    (?<ws>      \u0020 ){0}
-    (?<key>     \w+    ){0}
-    (?<value>   0|1    ){0}
-    (?<define>  \#define \g<ws>+ OPT_\g<key> \g<ws>+ \g<value> \g<ws>*\n )
-/mx
-
-until scanner.eos? do
-  if scanner.scan grammar then
-    json[scanner['key']] = ! scanner['value'].to_i.zero? # not nonzero?
-  else
-    scanner.scan(/.*\n/)
-  end
-end
-
-RubyVM::VmOptsH = json
-
-if __FILE__ == $0 then
-  require 'json'
-  JSON.dump RubyVM::VmOptsH, STDOUT
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/attribute.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/attribute.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b6d6e09b2..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/attribute.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative 'c_expr'
-
-class RubyVM::Attribute
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-  attr_reader :insn, :key, :type, :expr
-
-  def initialize insn:, name:, type:, location:, expr:
-    @insn = insn
-    @key = name
-    @expr = RubyVM::CExpr.new location: location, expr: expr
-    @type = type
-  end
-
-  def name
-    as_tr_cpp "attr #{@key} @ #{@insn.name}"
-  end
-
-  def pretty_name
-    "attr #{type} #{key} @ #{insn.pretty_name}"
-  end
-
-  def declaration
-    argv = @insn.opes.map {|o| o[:decl] }.join(', ')
-    sprintf '%s %s(%s)', @type, name, argv
-  end
-
-  def definition
-    argv = @insn.opes.map {|o| "MAYBE_UNUSED(#{o[:decl]})" }.join(",\n    ")
-    argv = "\n    #{argv}\n" if @insn.opes.size > 1
-    sprintf "%s\n%s(%s)", @type, name, argv
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/bare_instructions.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/bare_instructions.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c3a96b8f08..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/bare_instructions.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../loaders/insns_def'
-require_relative 'c_expr'
-require_relative 'typemap'
-require_relative 'attribute'
-
-class RubyVM::BareInstructions
-  attr_reader :template, :name, :opes, :pops, :rets, :decls, :expr
-
-  def initialize template:, name:, location:, signature:, attributes:, expr:
-    @template = template
-    @name     = name
-    @loc      = location
-    @sig      = signature
-    @expr     = RubyVM::CExpr.new expr
-    @opes     = typesplit @sig[:ope]
-    @pops     = typesplit @sig[:pop].reject {|i| i == '...' }
-    @rets     = typesplit @sig[:ret].reject {|i| i == '...' }
-    @attrs    = attributes.map {|i|
-      RubyVM::Attribute.new insn: self, **i
-    }.each_with_object({}) {|a, h|
-      h[a.key] = a
-    }
-    @attrs_orig = @attrs.dup
-  end
-
-  def pretty_name
-    n = @sig[:name]
-    o = @sig[:ope].map{|i| i[/\S+$/] }.join ', '
-    p = @sig[:pop].map{|i| i[/\S+$/] }.join ', '
-    r = @sig[:ret].map{|i| i[/\S+$/] }.join ', '
-    return sprintf "%s(%s)(%s)(%s)", n, o, p, r
-  end
-
-  def bin
-    return "BIN(#{name})"
-  end
-
-  def call_attribute name
-    return sprintf 'CALL_ATTRIBUTE(%s)', [
-      name, @name, @opes.map {|i| i[:name] }
-    ].flatten.compact.join(', ')
-  end
-
-  def sp_inc
-    return @attrs.fetch "sp_inc" do |k|
-      return generate_attribute k, 'rb_snum_t', rets.size - pops.size
-    end
-  end
-
-  def has_attribute? k
-    @attrs_orig.has_key? k
-  end
-
-  def attributes
-    # need to generate predefined attribute defaults
-    sp_inc
-    # other_attribute
-    # ...
-    return @attrs.values
-  end
-
-  def width
-    return 1 + opes.size
-  end
-
-  def declarations
-    return @variables                                        \
-      . values                                               \
-      . group_by {|h| h[:type] }                             \
-      . map      {|t, v| [t, v.map {|i| i[:name] }.sort ] }  \
-      . map      {|t, v| sprintf("%s %s", t, v.join(', ')) } \
-      . sort
-  end
-
-  def preamble
-    # preamble makes sense for operand unifications
-    return []
-  end
-
-  def sc?
-    # sc stands for stack caching.
-    return false
-  end
-
-  def cast_to_VALUE var, expr = var[:name]
-    RubyVM::Typemap.typecast_to_VALUE var[:type], expr
-  end
-
-  def cast_from_VALUE var, expr = var[:name]
-    RubyVM::Typemap.typecast_from_VALUE var[:type], expr
-  end
-
-  def operands_info
-    opes.map {|o|
-      c, _ = RubyVM::Typemap.fetch o[:type]
-      next c
-    }.join
-  end
-
-  def pushs_frame?
-    opes.any? {|o| /CALL_INFO/ =~ o[:type] }
-  end
-
-  def inspect
-    sprintf "#<%s@%s:%d>", @name, @loc[0], @loc[1]
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def generate_attribute k, t, v
-    attr = RubyVM::Attribute.new \
-      insn: self, \
-      name: k, \
-      type: t, \
-      location: [], \
-      expr: v.to_s + ';'
-    return @attrs[k] = attr
-  end
-
-  def typesplit a
-    @variables ||= {}
-    a.map do |decl|
-      md = %r'
-        (?<comment> /[*] [^*]* [*]+ (?: [^*/] [^*]* [*]+ )* / ){0}
-        (?<ws>      \g<comment> | \s                          ){0}
-        (?<ident>   [_a-zA-Z] [0-9_a-zA-Z]*                   ){0}
-        (?<type>    (?: \g<ident> \g<ws>+ )* \g<ident>        ){0}
-        (?<var>     \g<ident>                                 ){0}
-        \G          \g<ws>* \g<type> \g<ws>+ \g<var>
-      'x.match(decl)
-      @variables[md['var']] ||= {
-        decl: decl,
-        type: md['type'],
-        name: md['var'],
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  @instances = RubyVM::InsnsDef.map {|h| new template: h, **h }
-
-  def self.fetch name
-    @instances.find do |insn|
-      insn.name == name
-    end or raise IndexError, "instruction not found: #{name}"
-  end
-
-  def self.to_a
-    @instances
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/c_expr.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/c_expr.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index b19dd8bb48..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/c_expr.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/c_escape.rb'
-
-class RubyVM::CExpr
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-
-  attr_reader :__FILE__, :__LINE__, :expr
-
-  def initialize location:, expr:
-    @__FILE__  = location[0]
-    @__LINE__  = location[1]
-    @expr      = expr
-  end
-
-  # blank, in sense of C program.
-  RE = %r'\A{\g<s>*}\z|\A(?<s>\s|/[*][^*]*[*]+([^*/][^*]*[*]+)*/)*\z'
-  if RUBY_VERSION > '2.4' then
-    def blank?
-      RE.match? @expr
-    end
-  else
-    def blank?
-      RE =~ @expr
-    end
-  end
-
-  def inspect
-    sprintf "#<%s:%d %s>", @__FILE__, @__LINE__, @expr
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a04190a19..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative 'bare_instructions'
-require_relative 'operands_unifications'
-require_relative 'instructions_unifications'
-
-RubyVM::Instructions = RubyVM::BareInstructions.to_a + \
-                       RubyVM::OperandsUnifications.to_a + \
-                       RubyVM::InstructionsUnifications.to_a
-
-require_relative 'trace_instructions'
-RubyVM::Instructions.freeze
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions_unifications.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions_unifications.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 346cebd709..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/instructions_unifications.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/c_escape'
-require_relative '../loaders/opt_insn_unif_def'
-require_relative 'bare_instructions'
-
-class RubyVM::InstructionsUnifications
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-
-  attr_reader :name
-
-  def initialize location:, signature:
-    @location = location
-    @name     = namegen signature
-    @series   = signature.map do |i|
-      RubyVM::BareInstructions.fetch i # Misshit is fatal
-    end
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def namegen signature
-    as_tr_cpp ['UNIFIED', *signature].join('_')
-  end
-
-  @instances = RubyVM::OptInsnUnifDef.map do |h|
-    new(**h)
-  end
-
-  def self.to_a
-    @instances
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/operands_unifications.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/operands_unifications.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index c0ae0ece45..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/operands_unifications.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/c_escape'
-require_relative '../loaders/opt_operand_def'
-require_relative 'bare_instructions'
-
-class RubyVM::OperandsUnifications < RubyVM::BareInstructions
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-
-  attr_reader :preamble, :original, :spec
-
-  def initialize location:, signature:
-    name             = signature[0]
-    @original        = RubyVM::BareInstructions.fetch name
-    template         = @original.template
-    parts            = compose location, signature, template[:signature]
-    json             = template.dup
-    json[:location]  = location
-    json[:signature] = parts[:signature]
-    json[:name]      = parts[:name]
-    @preamble        = parts[:preamble]
-    @spec            = parts[:spec]
-    super template: template, **json
-    parts[:vars].each do |v|
-      @variables[v[:name]] ||= v
-    end
-  end
-
-  def operand_shift_of var
-    before = @original.opes.find_index var
-    after  = @opes.find_index var
-    raise "no #{var} for #{@name}" unless before and after
-    return before - after
-  end
-
-  def condition ptr
-    # :FIXME: I'm not sure if this method should be in model?
-    exprs = @spec.each_with_index.map do |(var, val), i|
-      case val when '*' then
-        next nil
-      else
-        type = @original.opes[i][:type]
-        expr = RubyVM::Typemap.typecast_to_VALUE type, val
-        next "#{ptr}[#{i}] == #{expr}"
-      end
-    end
-    exprs.compact!
-    if exprs.size == 1 then
-      return exprs[0]
-    else
-      exprs.map! {|i| "(#{i})" }
-      return exprs.join ' && '
-    end
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def namegen signature
-    insn, argv = *signature
-    wcary = argv.map do |i|
-      case i when '*' then
-        'WC'
-      else
-        i
-      end
-    end
-    as_tr_cpp [insn, *wcary].join(', ')
-  end
-
-  def compose location, spec, template
-    name    = namegen spec
-    *, argv = *spec
-    opes    = @original.opes
-    if opes.size != argv.size
-      raise sprintf("operand size mismatch for %s (%s's: %d, given: %d)",
-                    name, template[:name], opes.size, argv.size)
-    else
-      src  = []
-      mod  = []
-      spec = []
-      vars = []
-      argv.each_index do |i|
-        j = argv[i]
-        k = opes[i]
-        spec[i] = [k, j]
-        case j when '*' then
-          # operand is from iseq
-          mod << k[:decl]
-        else
-          # operand is inside C
-          vars << k
-          src << {
-            location: location,
-            expr: "    #{k[:name]} = #{j};"
-          }
-        end
-      end
-      src.map! {|i| RubyVM::CExpr.new i }
-      return {
-        name: name,
-        signature: {
-          name: name,
-          ope: mod,
-          pop: template[:pop],
-          ret: template[:ret],
-        },
-        preamble: src,
-        vars: vars,
-        spec: spec
-      }
-    end
-  end
-
-  @instances = RubyVM::OptOperandDef.map do |h|
-    new(**h)
-  end
-
-  def self.to_a
-    @instances
-  end
-
-  def self.each_group
-    to_a.group_by(&:original).each_pair do |k, v|
-      yield k, v
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/trace_instructions.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/trace_instructions.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a99a933ac7..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/trace_instructions.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require_relative '../helpers/c_escape'
-require_relative 'bare_instructions'
-
-class RubyVM::TraceInstructions
-  include RubyVM::CEscape
-
-  attr_reader :name
-
-  def initialize orig:
-    @orig = orig
-    @name = as_tr_cpp "trace @ #{@orig.name}"
-  end
-
-  def pretty_name
-    return sprintf "%s(...)(...)(...)", @name
-  end
-
-  def jump_destination
-    return @orig.name
-  end
-
-  def bin
-    return sprintf "BIN(%s)", @name
-  end
-
-  def width
-    return @orig.width
-  end
-
-  def operands_info
-    return @orig.operands_info
-  end
-
-  def rets
-    return ['...']
-  end
-
-  def pops
-    return ['...']
-  end
-
-  def attributes
-    return []
-  end
-
-  def has_attribute? *;
-    return false
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  @instances = RubyVM::Instructions.map {|i| new orig: i }
-
-  def self.to_a
-    @instances
-  end
-
-  RubyVM::Instructions.push(*to_a)
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/models/typemap.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/models/typemap.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d818ce9878..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/models/typemap.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-RubyVM::Typemap = {
-  "..."            => %w[. TS_VARIABLE],
-  "CALL_CACHE"     => %w[E TS_CALLCACHE],
-  "CALL_INFO"      => %w[C TS_CALLINFO],
-  "CDHASH"         => %w[H TS_CDHASH],
-  "GENTRY"         => %w[G TS_GENTRY],
-  "IC"             => %w[K TS_IC],
-  "ID"             => %w[I TS_ID],
-  "ISEQ"           => %w[S TS_ISEQ],
-  "OFFSET"         => %w[O TS_OFFSET],
-  "VALUE"          => %w[V TS_VALUE],
-  "lindex_t"       => %w[L TS_LINDEX],
-  "rb_insn_func_t" => %w[F TS_FUNCPTR],
-  "rb_num_t"       => %w[N TS_NUM],
-}
-
-# :FIXME: should this method be here?
-class << RubyVM::Typemap
-  def typecast_from_VALUE type, val
-    # see also iseq_set_sequence()
-    case type
-    when '...'
-      raise "cast not possible: #{val}"
-    when 'VALUE' then
-      return val
-    when 'rb_num_t', 'lindex_t' then
-      return "NUM2LONG(#{val})"
-    when 'ID' then
-      return "SYM2ID(#{val})"
-    else
-      return "(#{type})(#{val})"
-    end
-  end
-
-  def typecast_to_VALUE type, val
-    case type
-    when 'VALUE' then
-      return val
-    when 'ISEQ', 'rb_insn_func_t' then
-      return "(VALUE)(#{val})"
-    when 'rb_num_t', 'lindex_t'
-      "LONG2NUM(#{val})"
-    when 'ID' then
-      return "ID2SYM(#{val})"
-    else
-      raise ":FIXME: TBW for #{type}"
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/converter.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/converter.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e7c28d67b..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/converter.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# This script was needed only once when I converted the old insns.def.
-# Consider historical.
-#
-# ruby converter.rb insns.def | sponge insns.def
-
-BEGIN { $str = ARGF.read }
-END   { puts $str }
-
-# deal with spaces
-$str.gsub! %r/\r\n|\r|\n|\z/, "\n"
-$str.gsub! %r/([^\t\n]*)\t/ do
-  x = $1
-  y = 8 - x.length % 8
-  next x + ' ' * y
-end
-$str.gsub! %r/\s+$/, "\n"
-
-# deal with comments
-$str.gsub! %r/@c.*?@e/m, ''
-$str.gsub! %r/@j.*?\*\//m, '*/'
-$str.gsub! %r/\n(\s*\n)+/, "\n\n"
-$str.gsub! %r/\/\*\*?\s*\n\s*/, "/* "
-$str.gsub! %r/\n\s+\*\//, " */"
-$str.gsub! %r/^(?!.*\/\*.+\*\/$)(.+?)\s*\*\//, "\\1\n */"
-
-# deal with sp_inc
-$str.gsub! %r/ \/\/ inc -= (.*)/, ' // inc += -\\1'
-$str.gsub! %r/\s+\/\/ inc \+= (.*)/, "\n// attr rb_snum_t sp_inc = \\1;"
-$str.gsub! %r/;;$/, ";"
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/insns2vm.rb b/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/insns2vm.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1083e42b8e..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/scripts/insns2vm.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-#! /your/favourite/path/to/ruby
-# -*- mode: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; ruby-indent-level: 2 -*-
-# -*- frozen_string_literal: true; -*-
-# -*- warn_indent: true; -*-
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-#
-# This file is  a part of the programming language  Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-# granted, to  either redistribute and/or  modify this file, provided  that the
-# conditions  mentioned in  the file  COPYING are  met.  Consult  the file  for
-# details.
-
-require 'optparse'
-require_relative '../controllers/application_controller.rb'
-
-def router argv
-  targets = generate_parser.parse argv
-  return targets.map do |i|
-    next ApplicationController.new.generate i
-  end
-end
-
-def generate_parser
-  OptionParser.new do |this|
-    this.on "-I", "--srcdir=DIR", <<'end'
-  Historically this option has been passed to the script.  This is
-  supposedly because at the beginning the script was placed outside
-  of the ruby source tree.  Decades passed since the merge of
-  YARV, now I can safely assume this feature is obsolescent.  Just
-  ignore the passed value here.
-end
-
-    this.on "-L", "--vpath=SPEC", <<'end'
-  Likewise, this option is no longer supported.
-end
-
-    this.on "--path-separator=SEP", /\A(?:\W\z|\.(\W).+)/, <<'end'
-  Old script says this option is a "separator for vpath".  I am
-  confident we no longer need this option.
-end
-
-    this.on "-Dname", "--enable=name[,name...]", Array, <<'end'
-  This option used to override VM option that is defined in
-  vm_opts.h. Now it is officially unsupported because vm_opts.h to
-  remain mismatched with this option must break things.  Just edit
-  vm_opts.h directly.
-end
-
-    this.on "-Uname", "--disable=name[,name...]", Array, <<'end'
-  This option used to override VM option that is defined in
-  vm_opts.h. Now it is officially unsupported because vm_opts.h to
-  remain mismatched with this option must break things.  Just edit
-  vm_opts.h directly.
-end
-
-    this.on "-i", "--insnsdef=FILE", "--instructions-def", <<'end'
-  This option used to specify alternative path to insns.def.  For
-  the same reason to ignore -I, we no longer support this.
-end
-
-    this.on "-o", "--opt-operanddef=FILE", "--opt-operand-def", <<'end'
-  This option used to specify alternative path to opt_operand.def.
-  For the same reason to ignore -I, we no longer support this.
-end
-
-    this.on "-u", "--opt-insnunifdef=FILE", "--opt-insn-unif-def", <<'end'
-  This option used to specify alternative path to
-  opt_insn_unif.def.  For the same reason to ignore -I, we no
-  longer support this.
-end
-
-    this.on "-C", "--[no-]use-const", <<'end'
-  We use const whenever possible now so this option is ignored.
-  The author believes that C compilers can constant-fold.
-end
-
-    this.on "-d", "--destdir", "--output-directory=DIR", <<'begin' do |dir|
-  THIS IS THE ONLY OPTION THAT WORKS today.  Change destination
-  directory from the current working directory to the given path.
-begin
-      Dir.chdir dir
-    end
-
-    this.on "-V", "--[no-]verbose", <<'end'
-  Please let us ignore this and be modest.
-end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/tests/.gitkeep b/tool/ruby_vm/tests/.gitkeep
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b13789179..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/tests/.gitkeep
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 258bf02906..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_attributes.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%#
-typedef long OFFSET;
-typedef unsigned long lindex_t;
-typedef VALUE GENTRY;
-typedef rb_iseq_t *ISEQ;
-
-#define CALL_ATTRIBUTE(name, insn, ...) attr_ ## name ## _ ## insn(__VA_ARGS__)
-
-% attrs = RubyVM::Instructions.map(&:attributes).flatten
-%
-% attrs.each do |a|
-PUREFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static <%= a.declaration %>));
-% end
-%
-% attrs.each do |a|
-
-/* <%= a.pretty_name %> */
-<%= a.definition %>
-{
-% str = render_c_expr a.expr
-% case str when /\A#/ then
-    return
-<%= str -%>
-% else
-    return <%= str -%>
-% end
-}
-% end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_c_expr.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_c_expr.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index cebe4d7a5d..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_c_expr.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%;
-% if expr.blank?
-%   # empty
-% elsif ! expr.__LINE__
-<%= expr.expr %>
-% else
-#line <%= expr.__LINE__ %> <%=cstr expr.__FILE__ %>
-<%= expr.expr %>
-#pragma RubyVM reset source
-% end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_copyright.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_copyright.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index a449b0b735..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_copyright.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode: c; style: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%;
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%;
-%;
-%# Below is the licensing term for the generated output, not this erb file.
-/* This is  an auto-generated file  and is a  part of the  programming language
- * Ruby.  The  person who  created  a  program  to  generate this  file  (``I''
- * hereafter) would like  to refrain from defining licensing  of this generated
- * source code.
- *
- * This file consist of many small  parts of codes copyrighted by each authors,
- * not  only  the  ``I''  person.   Those  original  authors  agree  with  some
- * open-source license.  I  believe that the license we agree  is the condition
- * mentioned in  the file COPYING.  It  states "4.  You may  modify and include
- * the part of the software into any  other software ...".  But the problem is,
- * the license never makes it clear if  such modified parts still remain in the
- * same  license, or  not.   The fact  that  we agree  with  the source  code's
- * licensing terms do not automatically define that of generated ones.  This is
- * the reason  why this file  is under unclear situation.   All that I  know is
- * that above provision guarantees this file to exist.
- *
- * Please let me  hesitate to declare something about this  nuanced contract. I
- * am not in the position to take  over other authors' license to merge into my
- * one.  Changing them to (say) GPLv3  is not doable by myself. Perhaps someday
- * it might turn out to be okay to say this file is under a license. I wish the
- * situation would become more clear in the future. */
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index cebca8b8d0..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_entry.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%;
-
-/* insn <%= insn.pretty_name %> */
-#define NAME_OF_CURRENT_INSN <%= insn.name %>
-INSN_ENTRY(<%= insn.name %>)
-{
-% unless insn.declarations.empty?
-    <%= insn.declarations.join(";\n    ") %>;
-
-% end
-    START_OF_ORIGINAL_INSN(<%= insn.name %>);
-% insn.preamble.each do |konst|
-<%= render_c_expr konst -%>
-% end
-%
-% insn.opes.each_with_index do |ope, i|
-    <%= ope[:name] %> = (<%= ope[:type] %>)GET_OPERAND(<%= i + 1 %>);
-% end
-%
-% insn.pops.reverse_each.with_index.reverse_each do |pop, i|
-    <%= pop[:name] %> = <%= insn.cast_from_VALUE pop, "TOPN(#{i})"%>;
-% end
-    DEBUG_ENTER_INSN(<%=cstr insn.name %>);
-    ADD_PC(<%= insn.width %>);
-    PREFETCH(GET_PC());
-% unless insn.pops.empty?
-    POPN(<%= insn.pops.size %>);
-% end
-    COLLECT_USAGE_INSN(<%= insn.bin %>);
-% insn.opes.each_with_index do |ope, i|
-    COLLECT_USAGE_OPERAND(<%= insn.bin %>, <%= i %>, <%= ope[:name] %>);
-% end
-<%= render_c_expr insn.expr -%>
-% unless insn.rets.empty?
-    CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW_FOR_INSN(VM_REG_CFP, <%= insn.rets.size %>);
-%   insn.rets.each_with_index do |ret, i|
-    PUSH(<%= insn.cast_to_VALUE ret %>);
-%   end
-% end
-%
-    END_INSN(<%= insn.name %>);
-}
-#undef NAME_OF_CURRENT_INSN
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index abbdb2e92c..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_len_info.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-CONSTFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static int insn_len(VALUE insn)));
-extern const char rb_vm_insn_len_info[];
-
-#ifdef RUBY_VM_INSNS_INFO
-const char rb_vm_insn_len_info[] = {
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each_slice 25 do |a|
-    <%= a.map(&:width).join(', ') -%>,
-% end
-};
-#endif
-
-int
-insn_len(VALUE i)
-{
-    return rb_vm_insn_len_info[i];
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 79a48cd9cb..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_name_info.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%
-% a = RubyVM::Instructions.map {|i| i.name }
-% b = (0...a.size)
-% c = a.inject([0]) {|r, i| r << (r[-1] + i.length + 1) }
-% c.pop
-%
-CONSTFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static const char *insn_name(VALUE insn)));
-extern const char *rb_vm_insn_name_info;
-extern const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_name_offset[];
-
-#ifdef RUBY_VM_INSNS_INFO
-const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_name_offset[] = {
-% c.each_slice 12 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i| sprintf("%4d", i) }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-};
-ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(rb_vm_insn_name_offset);
-
-PACKED_STRUCT(struct rb_vm_insn_name_info_tag {
-% b.each_slice 3 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i|
-        sprintf("const char L%03d[%2d]", i, a[i].length + 1)
-    }.join('; ') %>;
-% end
-});
-
-static const struct rb_vm_insn_name_info_tag rb_vm_insn_name_base = {
-% a.each_slice 2 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i| sprintf("%-30s", cstr(i)) }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-};
-
-const char *rb_vm_insn_name_info = (const char *)&rb_vm_insn_name_base;
-#endif
-
-const char *
-insn_name(VALUE i)
-{
-    return &rb_vm_insn_name_info[rb_vm_insn_name_offset[i]];
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index f6b6565d59..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_operand_info.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%
-% a = RubyVM::Instructions.map {|i| i.operands_info }
-% b = (0...a.size)
-% c = a.inject([0]) {|r, i| r << (r[-1] + i.length + 1) }
-% c.pop
-%
-CONSTFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static const char *insn_op_types(VALUE insn)));
-CONSTFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static int insn_op_type(VALUE insn, long pos)));
-extern const char *rb_vm_insn_op_info;
-extern const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_op_offset[];
-
-#ifdef RUBY_VM_INSNS_INFO
-const unsigned short rb_vm_insn_op_offset[] = {
-% c.each_slice 14 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i| sprintf("%3d", i) }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-};
-ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(rb_vm_insn_op_offset);
-
-PACKED_STRUCT(struct rb_vm_insn_op_info_tag {
-% b.each_slice 3 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i|
-        sprintf("const char L%03d[%2d]", i, a[i].length + 1)
-    }.join('; ') %>;
-% end
-});
-
-static const struct rb_vm_insn_op_info_tag rb_vm_insn_op_base = {
-% a.each_slice 8 do |d|
-    <%= d.map {|i| sprintf("%-6s", cstr(i)) }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-};
-
-const char *rb_vm_insn_op_info = (const char *)&rb_vm_insn_op_base;
-#endif
-
-const char *
-insn_op_types(VALUE i)
-{
-    return &rb_vm_insn_op_info[rb_vm_insn_op_offset[i]];
-}
-
-int
-insn_op_type(VALUE i, long j)
-{
-    if (j >= insn_len(i)) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else {
-        return insn_op_types(i)[j];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_stack_increase.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_stack_increase.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index bfe0a3dc6b..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_stack_increase.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%#
-PUREFUNC(MAYBE_UNUSED(static int insn_stack_increase(int depth, int insn, const VALUE *opes)));
-PUREFUNC(static rb_snum_t insn_stack_increase_dispatch(enum ruby_vminsn_type insn, const VALUE *opes));
-
-rb_snum_t
-insn_stack_increase_dispatch(enum ruby_vminsn_type insn, const VALUE *opes)
-{
-    static const signed char t[] = {
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each_slice 8 do |a|
-        <%= a.map { |i|
-          if i.has_attribute?('sp_inc')
-            '-127'
-          else
-            sprintf("%4d", i.rets.size - i.pops.size)
-          end
-        }.join(', ') -%>,
-% end
-    };
-    signed char c = t[insn];
-
-    ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(t);
-    if (c != -127) {
-        return c;
-    }
-    else switch(insn) {
-    default:
-        UNREACHABLE;
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each do |i|
-%   next unless i.has_attribute?('sp_inc')
-    case <%= i.bin %>:
-        return CALL_ATTRIBUTE(sp_inc, <%= i.name %><%=
-          i.opes.map.with_index do |v, j|
-            k = i.cast_from_VALUE v, "opes[#{j}]"
-            next ", #{k}"
-          end.join
-        %>);
-% end
-    }
-}
-
-int
-insn_stack_increase(int depth, int insn, const VALUE *opes)
-{
-    enum ruby_vminsn_type itype = (enum ruby_vminsn_type)insn;
-    return depth + (int)insn_stack_increase_dispatch(itype, opes);
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index b3eff5624f..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_insn_type_chars.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%
-% map = RubyVM::Typemap.each_pair.map {|k, (c, t)| sprintf "%s = '%s'", t, c }
-enum ruby_insn_type_chars {
-    <%=  map.join(",\n    ") %>
-};
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_notice.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_notice.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c6cdaf533..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_notice.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode: c; style: ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%;
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%;
-%;
-/*******************************************************************/
-/*******************************************************************/
-/*******************************************************************/
-/**
-  This file <%= this_file %>.
-
-  ----
-  This file is auto generated by insns2vm.rb
-  DO NOT TOUCH!
-
-  If you want to fix something, you must edit <%= cstr edit %>
-  or tool/insns2vm.rb
- */
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 30933a6f5a..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/_trace_instruction.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-%# -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-%;
-
-/* insn <%= insn.pretty_name %> */
-INSN_ENTRY(<%= insn.name %>)
-{
-    vm_trace(ec, GET_CFP(), GET_PC());
-    DISPATCH_ORIGINAL_INSN(<%= insn.jump_destination %>);
-    END_INSN(<%= insn.name %>);
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 78dddd69d1..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-<%= render 'copyright' %>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'contains YARV instruction list',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-/* BIN : Basic Instruction Name */
-#define BIN(n) YARVINSN_##n
-
-enum ruby_vminsn_type {
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each do |i|
-    <%= i.bin %>,
-% end
-    VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE
-};
-
-#define ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(array) \
-    STATIC_ASSERT(numberof_##array, numberof(array) == VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE)
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index e08a15e5ef..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/insns_info.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-<%= render 'copyright' %>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-  this_file: 'contains instruction information for yarv instruction sequence.',
-  edit: __FILE__,
-} %>
-<%= render 'insn_type_chars' %>
-<%= render 'insn_name_info' %>
-<%= render 'insn_len_info' %>
-<%= render 'insn_operand_info' %>
-<%= render 'attributes' %>
-<%= render 'insn_stack_increase' %>
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/opt_sc.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/opt_sc.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index fdc9ee3d08..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/opt_sc.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-% raise ':FIXME:TBW' if RubyVM::VmOptsH['STACK_CACHING']
-<%= render 'copyright' %>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'is for threaded code',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-#define SC_STATE_SIZE 6
-
-#define SCS_XX 1
-#define SCS_AX 2
-#define SCS_BX 3
-#define SCS_AB 4
-#define SCS_BA 5
-
-#define SC_ERROR 0xffffffff
-
-static const VALUE sc_insn_info[][SC_STATE_SIZE] = {
-#define NO_SC { SC_ERROR, SC_ERROR, SC_ERROR, SC_ERROR, SC_ERROR, SC_ERROR }
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each_slice 8 do |a|
-    <%= a.map{|i| 'NO_SC' }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-#undef NO_SC
-};
-
-static const VALUE sc_insn_next[] = {
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each_slice 8 do |a|
-    <%= a.map{|i| 'SCS_XX' }.join(', ') %>,
-% end
-};
-
-ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(sc_insn_next);
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/optinsn.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/optinsn.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 1cb09d4809..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/optinsn.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-<%= render 'copyright' -%>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'is for threaded code',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-static INSN *
-insn_operands_unification(INSN *iobj)
-{
-#ifdef OPT_OPERANDS_UNIFICATION
-    VALUE *op = iobj->operands;
-
-    switch (iobj->insn_id) {
-    default:
-        /* do nothing */;
-        break;
-
-% RubyVM::OperandsUnifications.each_group do |orig, unifs|
-    case <%= orig.bin %>:
-%   unifs.each do |insn|
-
-        /* <%= insn.pretty_name %> */
-        if ( <%= insn.condition('op') %> ) {
-%       insn.opes.each_with_index do |o, x|
-%         n = insn.operand_shift_of(o)
-%         if n != 0 then
-            op[<%= x %>] = op[<%= x + n %>];
-%         end
-%       end
-            iobj->insn_id      = <%= insn.bin %>;
-            iobj->operand_size = <%= insn.opes.size %>;
-            break;
-        }
-%   end
-
-        break;
-% end
-    }
-#endif
-    return iobj;
-}
-
-int
-rb_insn_unified_local_var_level(VALUE insn)
-{
-#ifdef OPT_OPERANDS_UNIFICATION
-    /* optimize rule */
-    switch (insn) {
-      default:
-	return -1; /* do nothing */;
-% RubyVM::OperandsUnifications.each_group do |orig, unifs|
-%   unifs.each do|insn|
-      case <%= insn.bin %>:
-%     insn.spec.map{|(var,val)|val}.reject{|i| i == '*' }.each do |val|
-	return <%= val %>;
-%       break
-%     end
-%   end
-% end
-    }
-#endif
-    return -1;
-}
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/optunifs.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/optunifs.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 29d8ca2855..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/optunifs.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-% raise ':FIXME:TBW' if RubyVM::VmOptsH['INSTRUCTIONS_UNIFICATION']
-% n = RubyVM::Instructions.size
-<%= render 'copyright' %>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'is for threaded code',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-/* Let .bss section automatically initialize this variable */
-/* cf. Section 6.7.8 of ISO/IEC 9899:1999 */
-static const int *const *const unified_insns_data[<%= n %>];
-
-ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(unified_insns_data);
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 24181fab95..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/vm.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-<%= render 'copyright' %>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'is VM main loop',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-#include "vm_insnhelper.h"
-% RubyVM::BareInstructions.to_a.each do |insn|
-<%= render 'insn_entry', locals: { insn: insn } -%>
-% end
-%
-% RubyVM::OperandsUnifications.to_a.each do |insn|
-<%= render 'insn_entry', locals: { insn: insn } -%>
-% end
-%
-% RubyVM::InstructionsUnifications.to_a.each do |insn|
-<%= render 'insn_entry', locals: { insn: insn } -%>
-% end
-%
-% RubyVM::TraceInstructions.to_a.each do |insn|
-<%= render 'trace_instruction', locals: { insn: insn } -%>
-% end
diff --git a/tool/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb b/tool/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 16886a1ea6..0000000000
--- a/tool/ruby_vm/views/vmtc.inc.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/* -*- mode:c; style:ruby; coding: utf-8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
-
-%# Copyright (c) 2017 Urabe, Shyouhei.  All rights reserved.
-%#
-%# This file is a part of  the programming language Ruby.  Permission is hereby
-%# granted, to either  redistribute and/or modify this file,  provided that the
-%# conditions mentioned  in the  file COPYING  are met.   Consult the  file for
-%# details.
-<%= render 'copyright' -%>
-<%= render 'notice', locals: {
-    this_file: 'is for threaded code',
-    edit: __FILE__,
-} -%>
-
-static const void *const insns_address_table[] = {
-% RubyVM::Instructions.each do |i|
-    LABEL_PTR(<%= i.name %>),
-% end
-};
-
-ASSERT_VM_INSTRUCTION_SIZE(insns_address_table);
diff --git a/vm_exec.h b/vm_exec.h
index e0ceb642b8..4362ace467 100644
--- a/vm_exec.h
+++ b/vm_exec.h
@@ -189,7 +189,4 @@ default:                        \
 #define CHECK_VM_STACK_OVERFLOW_FOR_INSN(cfp, margin)
 #endif
 
-#define INSN_LABEL2(insn, name) INSN_LABEL_ ## insn ## _ ## name
-#define INSN_LABEL(x) INSN_LABEL2(NAME_OF_CURRENT_INSN, x)
-
 #endif /* RUBY_VM_EXEC_H */
diff --git a/win32/Makefile.sub b/win32/Makefile.sub
index 944573f1bb..70440e1c9d 100644
--- a/win32/Makefile.sub
+++ b/win32/Makefile.sub
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ INSNS	= opt_sc.inc optinsn.inc optunifs.inc insns.inc insns_info.inc \
 	@for %J in (\
 "%I: $$(srcdir)/insns.def {$$(VPATH)}vm_opts.h \" \
 "	  $$(srcdir)/defs/opt_operand.def $$(srcdir)/defs/opt_insn_unif.def \" \
-"	  $$(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb" \
+"	  $$(srcdir)/tool/instruction.rb $$(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb" \
 "	@$$(RM) $$(PROGRAM)" \
 "	$$(BASERUBY) -Ku $$(srcdir)/tool/insns2vm.rb $$(INSNS2VMOPT) %I" \
 "" \