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<title>ruby.git/vm_exec.c, branch v4.0.4</title>
<subtitle>The Ruby Programming Language</subtitle>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/'/>
<entry>
<title>ZJIT: Implement side exit stats (#14357)</title>
<updated>2025-08-27T17:01:07+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashi.kokubun@shopify.com</email>
</author>
<published>2025-08-27T17:01:07+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=76810fc34905011535f50c3f8bbcaf39cb80b6cc'/>
<id>76810fc34905011535f50c3f8bbcaf39cb80b6cc</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>ZJIT: Add --zjit-stats (#14034)</title>
<updated>2025-07-29T17:00:15+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2025-07-29T17:00:15+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=b22eb0e468a88d2da77cecf2355623fe7eff1ba6'/>
<id>b22eb0e468a88d2da77cecf2355623fe7eff1ba6</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
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<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Only count VM instructions in YJIT stats builds</title>
<updated>2025-02-14T19:39:35+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Aaron Patterson</name>
<email>tenderlove@ruby-lang.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-02-13T17:56:21+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=8cafa5b8ce5e35881bf5077d2bfafc03274189f2'/>
<id>8cafa5b8ce5e35881bf5077d2bfafc03274189f2</id>
<content type='text'>
The instruction counter is slowing multi-Ractor applications.  I had
changed it to use a thread local, but using a thread local is slowing
single threaded applications.  This commit only enables the instruction
counter in YJIT stats builds until we can figure out a way to gather the
information with lower overhead.

Co-authored-by: Randy Stauner &lt;randy.stauner@shopify.com&gt;
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
The instruction counter is slowing multi-Ractor applications.  I had
changed it to use a thread local, but using a thread local is slowing
single threaded applications.  This commit only enables the instruction
counter in YJIT stats builds until we can figure out a way to gather the
information with lower overhead.

Co-authored-by: Randy Stauner &lt;randy.stauner@shopify.com&gt;
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>[Feature #21116] Extract RJIT as a third-party gem</title>
<updated>2025-02-13T09:01:03+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Nobuyoshi Nakada</name>
<email>nobu@ruby-lang.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-02-13T06:59:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=4a67ef09ccd703047552b740431cfe15e32451f4'/>
<id>4a67ef09ccd703047552b740431cfe15e32451f4</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Make rb_vm_insns_count a thread local variable</title>
<updated>2025-01-10T21:39:21+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Aaron Patterson</name>
<email>tenderlove@ruby-lang.org</email>
</author>
<published>2025-01-09T18:21:00+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=50c2c4bddee5a2c5edc0d9fc0f635befdfc4bacc'/>
<id>50c2c4bddee5a2c5edc0d9fc0f635befdfc4bacc</id>
<content type='text'>
`rb_vm_insns_count` is a global variable used for reporting YJIT
statistics. It is a counter that tallies the number of interpreter
instructions that have been executed, this way we can approximate how
much time we're spending in YJIT compared to the interpreter.

Unfortunately keeping this statistic means that every instruction
executed in the interpreter loop must increment the counter. Normally
this isn't a problem, but in multi-threaded situations (when Ractors are
used), incrementing this counter can become quite costly due to page
caching issues.

Additionally, since there is no locking when incrementing this global,
the count can't really make sense in a multi-threaded environment.

This commit changes `rb_vm_insns_count` to a thread local. That way each
Ractor has it's own copy of the counter and incrementing the counter
becomes quite cheap. Of course this means that in multi-threaded
situations, the value doesn't really make sense (but it didn't make
sense before because of the lack of locking).

The counter is used for YJIT statistics, and since YJIT is basically
disabled when Ractors are in use, I don't think we care about
inaccuracies (for the time being). We can revisit this counter when we
give YJIT multi-threading support, but for the time being this commit
restores multi-threaded performance.

To test this, I used the benchmark in [Bug #20489].

Here is the performance on Ruby 3.2:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.2.0 (2022-12-25 revision a528908271) [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in    2.53 secs    fish           external
   usr time   19.86 secs  370.00 micros   19.86 secs
   sys time    0.02 secs  320.00 micros    0.02 secs
```

We can see the regression in performance on the master branch:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-01-10T16:22:26Z master 4a2702dafb) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in   24.87 secs    fish           external
   usr time  195.55 secs    0.00 micros  195.55 secs
   sys time    0.00 secs  716.00 micros    0.00 secs
```

Here are the stats after this commit:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-01-10T20:37:06Z tl 3ef0432779) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in    2.46 secs    fish           external
   usr time   19.34 secs  381.00 micros   19.34 secs
   sys time    0.01 secs  321.00 micros    0.01 secs
```

[Bug #20489]
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
`rb_vm_insns_count` is a global variable used for reporting YJIT
statistics. It is a counter that tallies the number of interpreter
instructions that have been executed, this way we can approximate how
much time we're spending in YJIT compared to the interpreter.

Unfortunately keeping this statistic means that every instruction
executed in the interpreter loop must increment the counter. Normally
this isn't a problem, but in multi-threaded situations (when Ractors are
used), incrementing this counter can become quite costly due to page
caching issues.

Additionally, since there is no locking when incrementing this global,
the count can't really make sense in a multi-threaded environment.

This commit changes `rb_vm_insns_count` to a thread local. That way each
Ractor has it's own copy of the counter and incrementing the counter
becomes quite cheap. Of course this means that in multi-threaded
situations, the value doesn't really make sense (but it didn't make
sense before because of the lack of locking).

The counter is used for YJIT statistics, and since YJIT is basically
disabled when Ractors are in use, I don't think we care about
inaccuracies (for the time being). We can revisit this counter when we
give YJIT multi-threading support, but for the time being this commit
restores multi-threaded performance.

To test this, I used the benchmark in [Bug #20489].

Here is the performance on Ruby 3.2:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.2.0 (2022-12-25 revision a528908271) [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in    2.53 secs    fish           external
   usr time   19.86 secs  370.00 micros   19.86 secs
   sys time    0.02 secs  320.00 micros    0.02 secs
```

We can see the regression in performance on the master branch:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-01-10T16:22:26Z master 4a2702dafb) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in   24.87 secs    fish           external
   usr time  195.55 secs    0.00 micros  195.55 secs
   sys time    0.00 secs  716.00 micros    0.00 secs
```

Here are the stats after this commit:

```
$ time RUBY_MAX_CPU=12 ./miniruby -v ../test.rb 8 8
ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-01-10T20:37:06Z tl 3ef0432779) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]
[0...1, 1...2, 2...3, 3...4, 4...5, 5...6, 6...7, 7...8]
../test.rb:43: warning: Ractor is experimental, and the behavior may change in future versions of Ruby! Also there are many implementation issues.

________________________________________________________
Executed in    2.46 secs    fish           external
   usr time   19.34 secs  381.00 micros   19.34 secs
   sys time    0.01 secs  321.00 micros    0.01 secs
```

[Bug #20489]
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>RJIT: Correct the macro that defines rb_vm_insns_count</title>
<updated>2023-12-19T08:06:21+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-12-19T08:06:21+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=96e4f42b3d13f37afce1a8c584a56f6d7e98ec23'/>
<id>96e4f42b3d13f37afce1a8c584a56f6d7e98ec23</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Remove an unused argument in vm_exec_core</title>
<updated>2023-07-28T00:31:27+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-07-28T00:31:12+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=8c7cf2de98c56039820c2861d1f0ed85c0961e12'/>
<id>8c7cf2de98c56039820c2861d1f0ed85c0961e12</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Clean up OPT_STACK_CACHING (#8132)</title>
<updated>2023-07-28T00:27:05+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-07-28T00:27:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=38be9a9b72d606024eb94900ed834b08493a1518'/>
<id>38be9a9b72d606024eb94900ed834b08493a1518</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>YJIT: Make ratio_in_yjit always available (#8064)</title>
<updated>2023-07-13T22:14:43+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-07-13T22:14:43+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=d814722fb8299c4baace3e76447a55a3d5478e3a'/>
<id>d814722fb8299c4baace3e76447a55a3d5478e3a</id>
<content type='text'>
</content>
<content type='xhtml'>
<div xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<pre>
</pre>
</div>
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Remove an unused `#if 0` code</title>
<updated>2023-07-12T23:38:18+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Takashi Kokubun</name>
<email>takashikkbn@gmail.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-07-12T23:38:16+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.ruby-lang.org/ruby.git/commit/?id=b588fd552390c55809719100d803c36bc7430f2f'/>
<id>b588fd552390c55809719100d803c36bc7430f2f</id>
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</content>
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<pre>
</pre>
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</content>
</entry>
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