(https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/pull/154)

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/1f818e4684

Fix GH-145

Rename `lib/fiddle/jruby.rb` to `lib/fiddle/ffi_backend.rb` as a generic
ffi gem API based implementation.
JRuby and TruffleRuby use `lib/fiddle/ffi_backend.rb`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Benoit Daloze <eregontp@gmail.com>

Fix GH-104

lib/fiddle/jruby.rb is based on

https://github.com/jruby/jruby/blob/master/lib/ruby/stdlib/fiddle/jruby.rb
.

Here are changes for it:

* Move `Fiddle::TYPE_*` to `Fiddle::Types::*`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::VARIADIC`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::CONST_STRING`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::BOOL`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::INT8_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::UINT8_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::INT16_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::UINT16_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::INT32_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::UINT32_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::INT64_T`
* Add `Fiddle::Types::UINT64_T`
* Add more `Fiddle::ALIGN_*` for the above new `Fiddle::Types::*`
* Add more `Fiddle::SIZEOF_*` for the above new `Fiddle::Types::*`
* Add support for specifying type as not only `Fiddle::Types::*` but
also `Symbol` like `:int`
* Add support for variable size arguments in `Fiddle::Function`
* Add `Fiddle::Closure#free`
* Add `Fiddle::Closure#freed?`
* Add `Fiddle::Error` as base the error class
* Add `Fiddle::Pointer#call_free` and stop using `FFI::AutoPointer` in
`Fiddle::Pointer`
* Add support for `Fiddle::Pointer.malloc {}` `Fiddle::Pointer`
* Add support for `Fiddle::Pointer#free=`
* Add `Fiddle::Pointer#freed?`
* Use binary string not C string for `Fiddle::Pointer#[]`
* Add `Fiddle::Handle.sym_defined?`
* Add `Fiddle::Handle#sym_defined?`
* Add `Fiddle::Handle::DEFAULT`
* Add `Fiddle::ClearedReferenceError`
* Add no-op `Fiddle::Pinned`

Some features are still "not implemented". So there are some "omit"s for
JRuby in tests.

    test/fiddle/test_import.rb:138: warning:
    ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or a space even after `-' operator

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/060eef76ad

This helps to reduce repetition in code. Instead of doing "TYPE_*"
everywhere, you can do `include Fiddle::Types`, and write the type name
directly.

This PR is to help reduce repetition when writing Fiddle code. Right now
we have to type `TYPE_` everywhere, and you also have to include all of
`Fiddle` to access `TYPE_*` constants. With this change, you can just
include `Fiddle::Types` and it will shorten your code and also you only
have to include those constants.

Here is an example before:

```ruby
require "fiddle"

module MMAP
  # All Fiddle constants included
  include Fiddle

  def self.make_function name, args, ret
    ptr = Handle::DEFAULT[name]
    func = Function.new ptr, args, ret, name: name
    define_singleton_method name, &func.to_proc
  end

  make_function "munmap", [TYPE_VOIDP, # addr
                           TYPE_SIZE_T], # len
                           TYPE_INT

  make_function "mmap", [TYPE_VOIDP,
                         TYPE_SIZE_T,
                         TYPE_INT,
                         TYPE_INT,
                         TYPE_INT,
                         TYPE_INT], TYPE_VOIDP

  make_function "mprotect", [TYPE_VOIDP, TYPE_SIZE_T, TYPE_INT], TYPE_INT
end
```

After:

```ruby
require "fiddle"

module MMAP
  # Only type names included
  include Fiddle::Types

  def self.make_function name, args, ret
    ptr = Fiddle::Handle::DEFAULT[name]
    func = Fiddle::Function.new ptr, args, ret, name: name
    define_singleton_method name, &func.to_proc
  end

  make_function "munmap", [VOIDP, # addr
                           SIZE_T], # len
                           INT

  make_function "mmap", [VOIDP, SIZE_T, INT, INT, INT, INT], VOIDP

  make_function "mprotect", [VOIDP, SIZE_T, INT], INT
end
```

We only need to import the type names, and you don't have to type
`TYPE_` over and over. I think this makes Fiddle code easier to read.

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/49fa7233e5

Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

This commit adds constants for unsigned values. Currently we can use `-`
to mean "unsigned", but I think having a specific name makes Fiddle more
user friendly. This commit continues to support `-`, but introduces
negative constants with "unsigned" names

I think this will help to eliminate [this
code](https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/3a56bf0bcc66e14ffe5ec89efc32ecfceed180f4/lib/mjit/c_type.rb#L31-L38)

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/2bef0f1082

Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

GitHub: fix GH-102

We can't use Fiddle::Closure before we fork the process. If we do it,
the process may be crashed with SELinux.

See https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/issues/102#issuecomment-1241763091
for details.

Reported by Vít Ondruch. Thanks!!!

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/1343ac7a95

I don't use tool/sync_default_gem.rb because the last sync was incomplete.

Co-authored-by: Hiroshi SHIBATA <hsbt@ruby-lang.org>
Co-authored-by: Alan Wu <XrXr@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: sinisterchipmunk <sinisterchipmunk@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

Add rb_fiddle_ prefix to conversion functions.h to keep backward
compatibility but value_to_generic() isn't safe for TYPE_CONST_STRING
and not String src. Use rb_fiddle_value_to_generic() instead.

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/0ffcaa39e5

GitHub: fix GH-39

Reported by kojix2. Thanks!!!

https://github.com/ruby/fiddle/commit/6c4cb904dc