[PATCH] [Bug #21680] Fix (base**power_of_two).digits(base) bug (#15144)

	Fix wrong condition in base multiplying loop.

	Fix `Integer.sqrt` to never exceed actual value

	`Integer.sqrt` uses `sqrt(3)` from libm for small values.
	This method must return a value less than or equal to the actual integer
	square root, but libm's sqrt does not always guarantee that.

	This change corrects that by decrementing the result if necessary.

	Fixes [Bug #21217]

* Fix floor when ndigits is large

[Bug #20654]

This commit fixes Integer#floor and Float#floor when the number is
negative and ndigits is large such that 10**ndigits is a bignum.

Previously, it would return 0 in such cases. However, this would cause
unexpected behaviour such as:

    puts -1.floor(-5) # => -100000
    puts -1.floor(-10) # => -10000000000
    puts -1.floor(-20) # => 0

This commit changes the last result so that it will return
-100000000000000000000.

* Fix ceil when ndigits is large

[Bug #20654]

This commit fixes Integer#ceil and Float#ceil when the number is
negative and ndigits is large such that 10**ndigits is a bignum.

Previously, it would return 0 in such cases. However, this would cause
unexpected behaviour such as:

    puts 1.ceil(-5) # => 100000
    puts 1.ceil(-10) # => 10000000000
    puts 1.ceil(-20) # => 0

This commit changes the last result so that it will return
100000000000000000000.

In ae0ceafb0c0d05cc80623b525070255e3abb34ef ruby_dtoa was switched to
use malloc instead of xmalloc, which means that consumers should be
using free instead of xfree. Otherwise we will artificially shrink
oldmalloc_increase_bytes.

When dividing near the precision limit of `double`, use Bignum
division to get rid of rounding errors.