If the TZ environment variable is not set, the time zone names
retrieved from the system are localized for UI display and may vary
across editions and language packs for the same time zone.
Use the time zone IDs that are invariant across environments instead.

These contents are purely implementation details, not worth appearing in
CAPI documents. [ci skip]

To fix build failures.

This shall fix compile errors.

According to MSVC manual (*1), cl.exe can skip including a header file
when that:

- contains #pragma once, or
- starts with #ifndef, or
- starts with #if ! defined.

GCC has a similar trick (*2), but it acts more stricter (e. g. there
must be _no tokens_ outside of #ifndef...#endif).

Sun C lacked #pragma once for a looong time.  Oracle Developer Studio
12.5 finally implemented it, but we cannot assume such recent version.

This changeset modifies header files so that each of them include
strictly one #ifndef...#endif.  I believe this is the most portable way
to trigger compiler optimizations. [Bug #16770]

*1: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/once
*2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cppinternals/Guard-Macros.html

Split ruby.h

Initial implementation of ruby_reset_timezone()
assigns ruby_tz_uptodate_p to false.

These headers need no rewrite.  Just add some minor tweaks, like
addition of #include lines.  Mainly cosmetic.

TIMET_MAX_PLUS_ONE was deleted because the macro was used from only
one place (directly write expression there).

One day, I could not resist the way it was written.  I finally started
to make the code clean.  This changeset is the beginning of a series of
housekeeping commits.  It is a simple refactoring; split internal.h into
files, so that we can divide and concur in the upcoming commits.  No
lines of codes are either added or removed, except the obvious file
headers/footers.  The generated binary is identical to the one before.