* And simplify callers of get_actual_encoding().
* See [Feature #18949].
* See https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/6322#issuecomment-1242758474

These contents are purely implementation details, not worth appearing in
CAPI documents. [ci skip]

If called with an autoloaded encoding that was not yet
initialized, `rb_enc_interned_str` would crash with
a NULL pointer exception.

See: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/4119#issuecomment-800189841

According to MSVC manual (*1), cl.exe can skip including a header file
when that:

- contains #pragma once, or
- starts with #ifndef, or
- starts with #if ! defined.

GCC has a similar trick (*2), but it acts more stricter (e. g. there
must be _no tokens_ outside of #ifndef...#endif).

Sun C lacked #pragma once for a looong time.  Oracle Developer Studio
12.5 finally implemented it, but we cannot assume such recent version.

This changeset modifies header files so that each of them include
strictly one #ifndef...#endif.  I believe this is the most portable way
to trigger compiler optimizations. [Bug #16770]

*1: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/preprocessor/once
*2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cppinternals/Guard-Macros.html

Split ruby.h

These headers need no rewrite.  Just add some minor tweaks, like
addition of #include lines.  Mainly cosmetic.

TIMET_MAX_PLUS_ONE was deleted because the macro was used from only
one place (directly write expression there).

One day, I could not resist the way it was written.  I finally started
to make the code clean.  This changeset is the beginning of a series of
housekeeping commits.  It is a simple refactoring; split internal.h into
files, so that we can divide and concur in the upcoming commits.  No
lines of codes are either added or removed, except the obvious file
headers/footers.  The generated binary is identical to the one before.